Sree diy ie See le ME Wea i Vrahe. ’ Gia i! i thy s fia nh vin ty iy waran repli kc ine BAA nals Gia a3 ius it CALE cal ARR UCR Od aL Ra Cony ash Haka Yeh OPA LMI Ay 14 De re GAMAREN HAY eA Cy AN yt tt DAYAL aD) i fay iy DASHA aA My TEN ee , y Vg | thy J \ Y \ ‘ {iy WV 1 Oy i ; { De GE eth | WN i i + \ Me A ! on ty {| ; Wi. i { i ( 4 ’ ty WANS yt it vbesyt i PAU HMR) \ uy | } t ‘ ! \ \ va ry a, ff ) h | RD yt { MM \ a AK, GAtRRr PN if erent k AN mk ; \ ! Nee: { ’ 2) eave 1 ) \ Sa) i eta Pu i ivi, } CHIE i y, Hens Oe aan Lis ey a) ih : p) ! ‘ i jh \ Ws hia * RUST hae NABEUL) tiv Kaine i {lay} i wt) ; f } Pani) Nee ry Fy : { ; fiat’ A ) , 7 ye , ur } aN ely "i AL i ‘ i) y a aN Nees Rah) Sidi RT ANNA NAN AER Pala) WATS ah LWA Wis eed 4 HAY PSMA ee tel We7 pus Ne nyt ieee: RRR | 1" Nie i 4 Ba INN Wei Tica oat Mak " i WAT } 4 Ki : Pig ae mini bi A ese 1 WV Rt AAT ' any) We Whe Mn We ayn H Nahe) at ES ye vy TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON i i APE | ay 2%) o 3 i : at uy mi THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON ENO UR wore ver vAGR 1910. Vfice Liner LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY. SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET, | CAVENDISH SQUARE, W., AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO,, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. ; AND NEW YORK. —— 1910-1911. DATES OF PUBLICATION IN PARTS. Part rf (ERANS. p. 1-160, PRoc., i-xxxii) was published 19 July, 1910. “ 161-378, ,, xxxii—xlviil) “ 3 Noy., a 379-534, ,, xlix—Ixiv) 7 a BL WSC.) gy ———— ,, Ixv—cxxxvill) x 28 Mar., 1911. _ a } iA ft ee 6 4 \ OMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ENT FOUNDED, 1833. INCORPORATED BY RoyAL CHARTER, 1885. OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the Session 1910-1911. President. FREDERICK AUGUSTUS DIXEY, M.A., M.D., F.RS. Wice-Presidents. GEORGE T. BETHUNE-BAKER, F.Z.8. _ Pror. T. HUDSON BEARE, B.Sc., F.R.S.E. H. ROWLAND-BROWN, M.A. Treasurer. ALBERT HUGH JONES. Secretaries, HENRY ROWLAND-BROWN, M.A. ComManDER JAMES J. WALKER, M.A., B.N., F.LS. Librarian. GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.ZS., A.LS. Otber Members of Council. MALCOLM BURR, D.Sc. F.LS., F.ZS. HORACE ST. J. DONISTHORPE, F.Z.S. ALBERT HARRISON, F.LS., F.C.S. Pror, SELWYN IMAGE, M.A. KARL JORDAN, Px.D. HUGH MAIN, B.Sc. ALFRED SICH. HENRY JEROME TURNER. ROWLAND E. TURNER. JAMES W. TUTT. Resident Inbrarian. GEORGE BETHELL, F.R.H1s1.8S. ha ONY fin 1D (xan) CONTENTS. PAGE Explanation of the Plates... a5 s: aS te a oo) WALD List of Fellows... Ase 65 ae uy, si ae a uF ix Additions to the Library rs we on es ot ie EE XeXavi] Errata Bee o ts XKX1X MEMOIRS. PAGE I. A Revision of the African Species of the Lycaenesthes group of XIII. XIV. NY XVI. the Lycaenidae. By G. T. BerHunE-Baker, F.L.8.,F.Z.S. ... 1 . On Callophrys avis, Chpm. By T. A. CHapman, M.D.,F.Z.S.. 85 . On the genus Deuterocopus, Zeller. ae T. BAINBRIGGE FLETcHER, R.N., F.E.S. ... Ae : p so LOK . Some Experiments with Ants’ Nests. By Horace Sr. J. K. DonistTHoRPE, F'.Z.S. MN: BPE so Lely . A few words respecting Insects and their Natural Enemies. By ArtHuR G. Butter, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.8., F.H.8., M.B.0O.U. 151 . Further Notes on two Osmza-species of the adunca- aes By the Rev. F. D. Moriczr, M.A., F.E.S. ... at ch aco 135) aA Preliminary Revision of the Labiduridae, a family of the Dermaptera. By Matcotm Burr, D.8c., F.L.8.,F.E.S8. ... 161 . On the Geometridae of the pupenlne Soran ay Louis B. Provt, F.E.S. : ao soo AON! . Third Paper on the Meoanbmn (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. By J. L. Hancock, M.D.,F.E.S. ... 346 . Descriptions of MMicro-Lepidoptera from Mauritius and the Chagos Isles. By E. Mnyricxr, B.A., F.R.S. ... 5a ... 366 . The Behaviour of Coleoptera in time of Floods. By NorMAn H. Joy, M.R.C.8S., F.E.S. ... th ... 379 . On the Position of the Tiles nneeiaeees with the poe ae of a Second Species. By CraupE Mor tey, F.Z.S., F.E.S. soo OH Notes on the Scoliidae. By Rowzanp EK. Turner, F.Z.8. ... 391 New Fossorial A from Australia. By Rowxanp E. TuRNER, F.Z.S. ats $s ie oun La ... 407 Descriptions of Malayan Micro- Mes ae Ey K. Rae B.A., F.R.S., F.Z.8. . 430 On Zizeeria (Chapman), Zizera (Moore), a Bou of aba Butterflies. By T. A. CHapman, M.D. . 479 (Rab. PAGE XVII. Mr. Alfred D. Millar’s Experimental Breeding from the Ova of the Natalian forms of the Nymphaline Genus Euralia. By ROLAND TRIMEN, M.A., F.R.S., etc. BAS cis .» 498 XVIII. On a new Genus of Stylopidae from Australia. By ARTHUR M. Lea, F.E.S., Government Entomologist, Tasmania ... ... ol4 » RID, Hymenoptera Aculeata collected in Algeria by the Rev. ALFRED EpDwIn Haton, M.A., F.H.S., and the Rev. Francis Davip Morice, M.A., F.E.8. Part IV. Descriptions of new Sphegidae. By the late E>warD SAUNDERS, F.R.S. ... 5 Gly XX. Descriptions of two New Species of Zuciola in the Collection of Mr. H. E. ANDREWES. By Ernest OLIVIER, F.E.S. ... w.. O82 Proceedings for 1910 . i-lxxxiii President’s Address lxxxv General Index evii Special Index exil EXPLANATION OF PLATES, TRANSACTIONS. Plates I-XIII. See pages 84{ Plates LI-LX. See pages 495-497 Plates XIV-XLIII. 5 106| Plates LXI-LXV. » 012-513 Plates XLIV, XLV. ,, 141) Plate LX VI. oe 516 Plates XLVI, XLVII. ,, 2038 f Plate XLVIIL. és 345 PROCEEDINGS. Plate XLIX. x 365 | Plate A See page lxi Plate L, 3 429 Vist of Fellows OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Date of HONORARY FELLOWS. Election. 1900 AvRiviLLIus, Professor Christopher, Stockholm. 1905 Bottvar, Ignacio, Paseo de Recoletos Bajo, 20, Madrid. 1901 Fasre, J. H., Sérignan, Vaucluse, France. 1894 Fornt, Professor Auguste, M.D., Chigny, pres Morges, Switzerland. 1906 GANGLBAUER, Custos Ludwig, Hof-Musewm, Vienna. 1898 Grassi, Professor Battista, The University, Rome. 1908 OsERtTHUR, Charles, Rennes, Ille-et-Vilaine, France. 1906 Reuter, Professor Odo Morannal, The University, Helsingfors, Finland. 1895 ScuppER, Samuel Hubbard, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. 1885 SneuEn, P. C. T., Rotterdam. 1893 Warttenwyt, Dr, Carl Brunner von, Schénburgstrasse 3, Vienna. 1898 Weismann, Dr. August, Prevburg, Baden. FELLOWS. Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions. Marked * deceased during the year. Date of Election. 1908 AckERLEY, F. B., c/o Imperial Tobacco Co. P.O. Box 1159, Johannesburg, South Africa. 1901 f ApatR, Sir Frederick E. S., Bart., Flixton Hall, Bungay. 1877 Apams, Frederick Charlstrom, F.Z.S., 50, Ashley-gardens, Victoria- street, S.W. 1877 ADAms, Herbert J., Roseneath, London-road, Enfield, N. 1902 ADKIN, Benaiah Whitley, Trenoweth, Hope-park, Bromley, Kent. 1885 ADKIN, Robert, Wellfield, Lingards-road, Lewisham, 8.E. 1904 Agar, E. A., La Haut, Dominica, B. W. Indies. 1904 ALDERSON, Miss E, Maude, Park House, Worksop, Notts. Ciel) 1910 | ANDREWES, H. E., 8, North Grove, Highgate, N. 1899 ANDREWS, Henry W., Shirley, Welling, S.O., Kent. 1901 Awnnine, William, 39, Lime Street, H.C. 1908 + ANTRAM, Charles B., The Insectarium, Kanny-Koory, Silchar P. 0., Cachar, India. 1907 Arnon, G., M.Sc., University of Liverpool, Liverpool. 1899 + ARRow, Gilbert J., 87, Union-grove, Clapham, S.W.; and British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell-road, 8.W. 1907 + AsHBy, Sydney Re 119, Greenvale-road, Hltham-park, Kent. 1886 Armorg, HE. A., 48, High-street, King’s Lynn. 1850 | AveBuRY, The Right Honble. Lord, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S., etc., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent. 1901 Bacor, Arthur W., York Cottage, York-hill, Loughton, Essex. 1904 7 BaGNnaLL, Richard 8., Penshaw Lodge, Penshaw, Durham. 1909 BagweE.u-PureEFoy, Capt. Edward, 34, Sloane-Court, S.W. 1903. Baupock, G. R., Oakburn Villa, Enfield Highway, Middlesex. 1886 Bankss, Eustace R., M.A., Norden, Corfe Castle, Wareham. 1890 Barcuay, Francis H., F.G.S., The Warren, Cromer. 1886 BarcGaeut, Marchese Piero, Piazza S. Maria, Palazzo coe No. 1, Florence, Italy. 1895 BarxkeEr, Cecil W., The Bungalow, Malvern, Natal, South Afri ica. 1902 BARRAUD, Philip i. , Bushey Heath, Watford. 1907 BARTLETT, H. redone D., 1, Myrtle-road, Bournemouth. 1894 + Bateson, William, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge, Merton House, Grantchester, Cambridge. 1908 Bayrorp, E. G., 2 Rockingham-street, Barnsley. 1904 Bayne, Arthur F., c/o Messrs. Freeman, Castle-street, Framlingham, Suffolk. 1896 + BeARE, Prof. T. Hudson, B.Sc., F.R.S.E., Vick-PRESIDENT, 10, Regent Terrace, Edinburgh. 1908 BxrcueErR, Major Edward F., Cranfield House, Polzeath, St. Minver, Cornwall. 1908 Beck, Richard, Red Lodge, Porchester-road, Bournemouth. 1905 Brprorp, The Duke of, K.G., Pres. Z.S., etc., Woburn Abbey, Beds. 1899 Brpwe, Ernest C., Bonnicot, The Grove, Coulsdon, Surrey. 1904 Brnersson, Simon, Ph.D., Lecturer, University of Lund, Sweden ; - Curator, Entomological Collection of the University. 1906 Brnraut, E. E., The Towers, Heybridge, Essex. 1885 Brrnune-Bakur, George T., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Vick-PRESIDENT, 19, Clarendon-road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. 1895 Brvan, Lieutenant H. G. R., R.N., 38, The Common, Woolwich. 1880 * BianELL, George Carter, The Ferns, Homepark-road, Saltash. 1891 Buaper, W. H., F.L.S., 34, Cromwell-road, Hove, Brighton. 1904 Buack, James E., Nethercroft, Peebles. 1904 Buarr, Kenneth G., 23, West Hill, Highgate, N. (ia) 1889 BuanprorD, Walter F. H., M.A., F.Z.S., 12, Arundel Gardens, Ladbroke-grove, W. 1885 Buaruwayt, Lt.-Col. Linley, F.L.S., Hagle House, Batheaston, Bath. 1909 BLENKARN, Stanley A., Norham, Cromwell-road, Beckenham. 1904 Buss, Maurice Frederick, Coningsburgh, Montpelier-road, Ealing, W. 1886 Buoomrienp, The Rev. Edwin Newson, M.A., Guestling Rectory, Hastings. 1903 Bogus, W. A., The Bank House, Watchet. 1907 Bonner, Alexandre, 54, Boulevard Bineau, Newilly-sur-Seime, Seine, France. 1891 Boorx, George A., Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands, Carnforth. 1902 Bostock, E. D., Holly House, Stone, Staffs. 1904 Bourazors, Jules, Ste. Marie-aux-Mines, Markirch, Germany. 1892 Bousxe.t, Frank, Market Bosworth, Nuneaton. 1888 Bower, Benjamin A., Langley, Willow Grove, Chislehurst. 1894 + Bows, E. Augustus, M.A., Myddelton House, Waltham Cross. 1910 Boyp, A. Whitworth, The Alton, Altrincham, Cheshire. 1852 + Boyp, Thos., Woodvale Lodge, South Norwood Hill, 8.K. 1893 Brasant, Edouard, Chateau de Morenchies, par Cambrai (Nord), France. 1905 BrackeEn, Charles W., B.A., 5, Carfrae Terrace, Lipson, Plymouth. 1907 Brain, Charles Kimberlin, Government Experimental Station, Rose- bank, Cape Colony. 1904 Bripcmman, Lieut. The Hon. Richard O. B., R.N., Weston Park, Shifnal, Salop. 1877 Briaes, Charles Adolphus, Rock House, Lynmouth, R.S.O., N. Devon. 1870 Briaas, Thomas Henry, M.A., Rock House, Lynmouth, R.S.0., N. Devon. : : 1894 Brien, Percy M., Fairfield, Wimborne-road, Bournemouth. 1909 Brirren, Harry, Prospect House, Salkeld Dykes, Penrith. 1902 Brovuauron, Captain T. Delves, R.E., R. A. and R. H. Mess, Malta. 1878 Broun, Major Thomas, Mount Albert, Auckland, New Zealand. 1904 Brown, Henry H., Castlefield Tower, Cupar, Fife, N.B. 1910 Browne, Horace B., M.A., 118, Sunny Bank, Hull. 1909 Bryant, Gilbert E., Fir Grove, Esher, Surrey. 1898 + BucHan-Hepsurn, Sir Archibald, Bart., J.P., D.L.,. Smeaton- Hepburn, Prestonkirk. 1907 Buuuertp, Arthur, F.S8.A., Wimboro, Midsomer Norton, Somersetshire. 1902 Buuurr, Arthur Percival, Royal Societies Club, S.W. 1896 + Burr, Malcolm, D.Sc, F.L.S., F.Z.8., F.G.8., A.R.S.M., Castle Hill House, Dover. 1909 Burrows, The Rev. C. R. N., The Vicarage, Mucking, Stanford-le- Hope, Essex. 1868 + Butter, Arthur G., Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S., The Lilies, Penge-road, Beckenham. 1883 1902 1905 1904 1902 1885 1898 1880 1889 1890 1894 1910 1892 1910 1895 1898 1868 1895 1906 1900 1900 1903 (Gx) ButiEr, Edward Albert, B.A., B.Sc., 56, Cecile-Purk, Crouch End, N. ButxeR, William E., Hayling House, Oxford-road, Reading. BUtTERFIELD, Jas. A., B.Se., Comrie, Eglinton Hill, Plumstead. Byatt, Horace A., B.A., Berbera (via Aden), Somaliland Protectorate. CAMERON, Malcolm, M.B., R.N., H.M.S. “ Attentive,’ Home Fleet. CAMPBELL, Francis Maule, F.L.S., F.Z.8., etc., Byrnllwydwyn, Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire. CANDEZE, Léon, Mont St. Murtin, 75, Liége. CansDALE, W. D., Sunny Bank, South Norwood, S.E. Cant, A., 33, Festing-road, Putney, S.W.; and c/o Fredk. Du Cane Godman, Esq., F.R.S., 45, Pont-street, S.W. CAPPER, Samuel James (President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society), Huyton Park, Liverpool. CaraccioLo, H., H.W. Customs, Port of Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies. CaRLigR, E. Wace, M.D., F.R.S.E., Morningside, Granville-road, Dorridge, and The University, Birmingham. CARPENTER, The Honble. Mrs. Beatrice, 22, Grosvenor-road, S.W. CARPENTER, Geoffrey D. H., B.A., Uganda Medical Service, Uganda Protectorate. CaRPENTER, G. H., B.Sc., Royal College of Science, Dublin. CARPENTER, J. H., Redcot, Belmont-road, Leatherhead. CARRINGTON, Charles, Meadowcroft, Horley, Surrey. CartTEeR, Sir Gilbert, K.C.M.G., 48, Charing Cross, W.C., and Government House, Nassau, Bahamas. CartTER, H. J., B.A., Ascham, Darling Point, Sydney, N.S. Wales. CartER, J. W., 15, Westfield-road, Manningham, Bradford. CassaL, R. T., M.R.C.S., Ballaugh, Isle of Man. CattLE, John Rowland, Nettleton Manor, Caistor, Lincolnshire. 1889 7 Cave, Charles J. P., Ditcham Park, Petersfield. 1900 1871 1891 1910 1897 1902 1908 1889 1909 1909 1908 1867 1908 CHAMBERLAIN, Neville, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham. CHAMPION, George C., F.Z.8., A.LS., Liprarian, Heatherside, Horsell, Woking; and 45, Pont-street, S.W. CHAPMAN, Thomas Algernon, M.D., F.Z.8., Betula, Reigate. CHARNLEY, J. R., Lyndhurst, Fulwood, Preston. CHAWNER, Miss Ethel F., Forest Bank, Lyndhurst, R.S.O., Hants. CHEESMAN, KE. M., c/o Mr. John Garson, 150, Umbilo-road, Durban. Cumtty, B. Chourappa, The Government Museum, Bangalore, India. Curisty, William M., M.A., F.L.S., Watergate, Emsworth. Cuuss, Ernest C., Curator, Durban Museum, Natal, South Africa. Ciark, C. Turner, F.Z.S., 90, The Mall, Newport, Isle of Wight. CuaRK, Edgar L., Congella, Natal. CLARKE, Alex. Henry, 109, Warwick-road, Harl’s Court, S.W. CLUTTERBUCK, Charles G., Heathside, 23, Heathville-road, Gloucester 1867 1895 1909 1906 1890 Ge) Cuiurrersuck, P. H., Indian Forest Department, Naini Tal, United Provinces, India. Cockayne, Edward A., 16, Cambridge-square, London, W. Cog, William, F.L.S., Springfield, Buckhurst Hill, Hssea. Cotuin, James E., Sussex Lodge, Newmarket. ContineE, Walter E., M.Sc, F.L.S., 55, MNewhall-street, Bir- mingham. Cowan, Thomas William, F.L.S., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., Upcott House, Taunton. Cox, Herbert Ed., Claremont, Jamaica. CRABTREE, Benjamin Hill, The Oaklands, Levenshulme, Manchester. Craw Ley, W.C., Tollerton Hall, Nottingham. CrawsHay, The Rev. George A., M.A., Melchbowrne Vicarage, Sharnbrook, S.0., Beds. Crewe, Sir Vauncey Harpur, Bart., Calke Abbey, Derbyshire. 1880 + Crisp, Sir Frank, LL.B., B.A., J.P. 1907 1902 1908 1908 1901 1900 1907 1886 1905 1910 1903 1898 1905 1875 1887 1895 1909 1905 1906 1903 1906 Crort, Edward Octavius, M.D., 28, Clarendon-road, Leeds. CruTtWwELL, The Rey. Canon Charles Thomas, M.A., Hwelme Rectory, Wallingford. Cuupin, Millais, M.B., F.R.C.S., The Palace Hotel, Shanghai. Curtis, W. Parkinson, Aysgarth, Poole, Dorset. Danvp, Edward Martin, Hohenzollernstrasse 18, Zehlendorf, bet Berlin. Daue@uisH, Andrew Adie, 21, Prince’s-street, Glasgow. Dames, Felix L., 13, Humboldt-strasse, Steglitz, Berlin. Dannatt, Walter, Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath, S.E. Davipson, James D., 32, Drwmsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh. Dawson, William George, 31, King’s Gardens, West End Lane, West Hampstead, N.W. Day, F. H., 26, Currock-terrace, Carlisle. Day, G. O., Sahlatston, Duncan’s Station, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Dewar, W. R., Government Entomologist, Fruit Land, Ontario, ‘Canada. . | Distant, Wm. Lucas, Shannon-lodge, Selhwrst-road, South Norwood, S.E. Dixny, Frederick Augustus, M.A., M.D., Presipent, Fellow and Bursar of Wadham College, Wadham College, Oxford. Dogson, H. T., Ivy House, Acacia Grove, New Malden, S.O., Surrey. Dogson, Thomas, Park Avenue, The Park, Sharples, Bolton. Donp, Frederick P., Kuranda, vid Cairns, Queensland. Doutuman, Hereward, Hove House, Newton-grove, Bedford-park, W. Doutman, J. C., Hove House, Newton-grove, Bedford-park, W. Doncaster, Leonard, M.A., The University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge. 1891 1908 1910 1884 1867 1900 1894 1906 1883 1910 1890 1865 1904 1902 1886 1884 1900 1900 1886 1903 1878 1886 1903 1908 1909 1899 1907 1900 1861 1886 1908 1889 1910 ( axahy |) DonistHoRPE, Horace St. John K., F.Z.8., 58, Kensington-mansions, South Kensington, 8.W. Dovaias-Crompton, Sydney, Carlton House, Kew-green, S.W. Downess-SHaw, Rev. Archibald, Kettlestone Rectory, Fakenham, Norfolk. Druck, Hamilton H. C. J., F.Z.8., 48, Circus-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S8., 43, Circus-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. Drury, W. D., Rocquaine, West Hill Park, Woking. Duveron, G. C., The Imperial Institute, South Kensington. DUKINFIELD-JONES, E., Castro, Reigute. Durrant, John Hartley, Merton, 17, Burstock-road, Putney, S.W., and British Musewm (Natural History), Cromwell-road, South Kensington, S.W. Eaes-Wauirte, J. Cushny, 21, Cardigan-road, Richmond Hill, 8.W. Eastwoop, John Edmund, Enton Lodge, Witley, Godalming. Eaton, The Rey. Alfred Edwin, M.A., West House, Simondsbury, Bridport, Dorset. EcKrorD, George, F.Z.S., c/o Sir Morgan Tuite, Bart., Kilruane, Nenagh, co. Tipperary, Ireland. EpELsten, Hubert M., Vhe Elms, Forty Hill, Enfield, Middlesex. Epwarps, James, Colesborne, Cheltenham. EDWARDS, Stanley, F.L.S8., F.Z.S., 15, St. Germans-place, Black- heath, S.E. Eziort, E. A., 16, Belsize Grove, Hampstead, N.W. Eis, H. Willoughby, Holly Hill, Berkswell, Warwickshire. Exuis, John W., M.B., L.R.C.P., 18, Rodney-street, Liverpool. ELTRINGHAM, Harry, M.A., F.Z.S., Hastgarth, Westoe, South Shields. Extwes, Henry John, J.P, F.BRS. F.LS., F.Z.S., Colesborne, Cheltenham. Enock, Frederick, F.L.S., 13, Tufnell Park Road, London, N. ETHERIDGE, Robert, Curator, Australian Museum, Sydney, N.S.W. Eustace, Eustace Mallabone, B.A., Challacombe Rectory, Parra- combe, R.S.0., N. Devon, and Wellington College, Berks. Evans, Frank J., The Botanical Department, Trinidad, B.W.I. FarmporouaH, Percy W., Lower Hdmonton, Middlesex. FEATHER, Walter, 10, Station Grove, Crosshills, nr. Keighley, Yorks. Freituam, H. L. L., P. O. Box, 46, Johannesburg, Transvaal. Frnn, Charles, Hversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, 8.E, Frnwick, Nicolas Percival, The Gables, New-road, Esher. Frnwick, Norman Percival, Junior, The Gables, New-road, Esher. FERNALD, Prof. U. H., Amherst, Mass., U.S.A. Fryngs, A., M.D., 61, Hast Colorado-street, Pasadena, California, U.S.A. 1900 1874 1905 1900 1898 ( xv ) Firtu, J. Digby, F.L.S., Boys’ Modern School, Leeds. Fircu, Edward A., F.L.S., Brick House, Maldon. Fieet, Wilfred James, Imatra, King’s Road, Bowrnemouth. Firemyne, The Rev. W. Westropp, M.A., Coolfin, Portlaw, Co. Waterford. . FuiercHer, T. Bainbrigge, R.N., Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, Bengal, India. 1883 + FnetcHErR, William Holland B., M.A., Aldwick Manor, Bognor. 1905 1885 1900 1898 1880 1908 1896 1888 1903 1910 1908 1891 FLOERSHEIM, Cecil, 16, Kensington Court Mansions, S.W. Foxxnr, A. J. F., Zierikzee, Zeeland, Netherlands. Founkss, P. Hedworth, B.Sc., Harper-Adams Agricultural College, Newport, Salop. FountaInr, Miss Margaret, 1, The Studios, Sheriff-road, West Hampstead, N.W. FowuEerR, The Rev. Canon, D.Sc., M.A., F.L.S., Harley Vicarage, near Reading. FrasmER, Frederick C., M.D., 1.M.S., Hyderabad, Sind, India. Frexe, Percy Evans, Southpoint, Limes-road, Folkestone. FreEMLIN, H. Stuart, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Mereworth, Maidstone. FrencH, Charles, F.L.S., Government Entomologist, Melbowrne, Victoria, Australia. Frissy, G. E., 40, Windmill-street, Gravesend. Froae@art, Walter W., F.L.S., Government Entomologist, 138, George- street, Sydney, New South Wales. FROHAWE, F. W., Ashmount, Rayleigh. 1906 + Fry, Harold Armstrong, P.O. Box 46, Johannesburg, Transvaal 1900 1907 1876 1898 1887 1910 1892 1890 Colony. Fryir, H. Fortescue, The Priory, Chatteris, Cambs. Fryer, John Claud Fortescue, The Priory, Chatteris, Cambs. FuuLueR, The Rev. Alfred, M.A., The Lodge, 7, Sydenham-hill, Sydenham, S.E. FuuLuEr, Claude, Government Entomologist, Pietermaritzburg, Natal. GAHAN, Charles Joseph, M.A., Whyola, Lonsdale-road, Bedford Park, W.; and British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell- road, S.W. GarckE, Emile, M.1.E.E., Witton House, Maidenhead. GARDE, Philip de la, R.N., Abbotsfield, Braunton, N. Devon. GARDNER, John, Lawrel Lodge, Hart, West Hartlepool. 1901 | GarpneER, Willoughby, F.L.S., Deganwy, N. Wales. 1910 Guary, T. H., Enderby, Leicestershire. 1899 GELDART, William Martin, M.A., 27, Beawmont-street, Oxford. 1906 + Gipps, Arthur Ernest, F.L.S., F.R.H.S., Kitchener's Meads, St. 1908 1907 1902 Albans. GIFFARD, Walter M., P.O. Box 308, Honolulu, Hawait. GiuEs, Henry Murray, Perth, W. Australia. Gintanpers, A. T., Park Cottage, Alnwick. (i Pecvie aa) 1904 GrurAt, Francis, B.A., 81, Philbeach-gardens, 8.W. 1865 | GopMAN, Frederick Du Cane, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., South Lodge, Lower Beeding, Horsham; and 45, Pont-street, S.W. 1890 Go.tprHawalt, Oliver C., Berisal Lake, near Sandown, I. of Wight. 1886 | GooDRIcH, Captain Arthur Mainwaring, Brislington House, near Bristol. 1904 Goopwin, Edward, Canon Court, Wateringbury, Kent. 1898 Gorpvon, J.G. McH., Corsemalzie, Whauphill, R.S.O., Wigtownshire. 1898 Gorpon,R.S. G. McH.,Corsemalzie, Whauphill, R.S.O., Wigtownshire. 1855 Goruam, The Rev. Henry Stephen, F.Z.8., Highcroft, Great Malvern. ; 1910 Gorrmany, A. M.S.,94, Niddastrasse, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany. 1909 Gownpky, Carlton C., B.Sc., Uganda, British East Africa. 1891 | Gremn, E. Ernest, Government Entomologist, Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon ; and Mote Hall, Bearsted, Kent. 1910 Green, Herbert A., The Central Fire Station, Durban, Natal. 1894 Green, J. F., F.Z.S., West Lodye, Blackheath, S.E. 1898 GREENSHIELDS, Alexander, 38, Blenheim-gardens, Cricklewood, N.W. 1893 | GrEENWoopD, Henry Powys, F.L.8., Whitsbury House, Salisbury. 1888 GrirritHs, G. C., F.Z.S., Penhurst, 3, Leigh-road, Clifton, Bristol. 1894 GrimsHAw, Percy H., Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh. 1905 Grist, Charles J., Hlgin House, Knockholt, Sevenoaks, 1869 Grosz-SmitH, Henley, J.P., BA. F.Z.S., The Priory, nr. Ryde, Isle of Wight. 1909 Grosvenor, G. H., M.A., 3, Blackhall-road, Oxford. 1906 GurRNeY, Gerard H., Keswick Hall, Norwich. 1910 Gurney, Wm. G., Asst. Govt. Entomologist, Department of Agri- culture, Sydney, Australia. 1906 Hatt, Arthur, 7, Park-lane-mansions, Croydon. 1890 + Haun, Albert Ernest, Cranfield House, Southwell, Notts. 1885 Hat, Thomas William, Stanhope, The Crescent, Croydon. 1898 Hamuyn-Harris, R., D.Sc., F.Z.S., F.R.M.S., Director of the Queens- land Museum, Brisbane, Australia. 1891 Hampson, Sir George Francis, Bart., B.A., F.Z.S., 62, Stunhope- gardens, S.W. 1891 Hansury, Frederick J., F.L.S., Brockhurst, E. Grinstead. 1905 + Hancock, Joseph L., 5466, Lexington Avenue, Chicago, U.S.A. 1903 Hars, E. J.. Dunham, Boscombe, Hants. 1904 Harris, Edward, St. Conan’s, Chingford, Essea. 1897 | Harrison, Albert, F.L8., F.C.S., Delamere, Grove-road, South Woodford, Essex. 1910 Harwoop, Philip, 23, Northgate End, Bishop's Stortford. 1910 HawxsHaw, J. C., Hollycombe, Sussex. 1910 Hepesrs, Alfred van der, 42, Kensington Park Gardens, W. 1910 HenpeErson, J., Clifton, Ashbourne, Derby. 1881 Henry, George, Ivy Bank, 112, London-road, St. Leonards-on-Sea, (| xvii ) 1898 Heron, Francis A., B.A., British Museum (Natural History), : Cromwell-road, S.W. 1903 Herron, William, W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford-road, Luton, Beds. 1908 Hewrrr, C. Gordon, D.Sc., Central Haperimental Farm, Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 1876 + Hittman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes. 1907 Hoar, Thomas Frank Partridge, Mercia, Albany-road, Leighton- Buzzard. 1888 Hopson, The Rev. J. H., B.A., B.D., Rhyddington, Clifton Drive, Lytham. 1902 Hots, R. 8., c/o Messrs. King and Co., Bombay. 1910 Hotrorp, H. Oliver, Hlstead Lodge ,Godalming, Surrey. 1887 Honuanp, The Rev. W. J., D.D., Ph.D., 5th Avenue, Pittsburg, Penn., U.S.A. 1898 Hotman-Hunt, C. B., Asst. Entomologist, Department of Agri- culture, Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States. 1910 Houtmus, Edward Morrell, Ruthven, Sevenoaks. 1901 Hopson, Montagu F., L.D.S., R.C.S.Eng., F.L.S., 30, Thurlow-road, Rosslyn Hill, N.W. 1897 Horne, Arthur, 60, Gladstone-place, Aberdeen. 1903 Hoveuron, J. T., 1, Portland-place, Worksop. 1907 + Howarp, C. W., Entomologist Department of Agriculture, Bos 255, Lourengo Marques, Portuguese Hast Africa. 1900 Howszs, George W., 812, George-street, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1907 Hower, Frank M., M.A., Wymondham, Norfolk. 1865 + Hupp, A. E., 108, Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol. 1888 Hupson, George Vernon, Hill View, Karori, Wellington, New Zealand. 1907 Huauus, C. N., 3, Wyndham Place, Bryanston-square, W. 1897 Images, Prof. Selwyn, M.A., 20, Fitzroy-street, Fitzroy-square, W. 1908 Iresy, Captain Leonard Paul, Brook House, EHastry, 8.0., Kent. 1891 IsapeLL, The Rev. John, Sunnycroft, St. Sennen, B.S.0., Cornwall. 1907 Jack, Rupert Wellstood, Assistant Entomologist, Department of Agriculture, Salisbury, Rhodesia. 1907 Jackson, P. H., 112, Balham-park-road, S.W. 1907 Jacosi, Professor A., Ph.D., Director of the R. Zoological and Anthrop.-Ethnographical Museum, Dresden, Saxony. 1910 Jacogs, Lionel L., SH. corner of Church and Wellington-streets, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. 1869 Janson, Oliver E., Cestriau, Claremont-road, Highgate, N.; and 44, Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C. 1898 Janson, Oliver J., Cestria, Claremont-road, Highgate, N. 1886 JENNER, James Herbert Augustus, Hast Gate House, Lewes. 1899 Jennines, F. B., 152, Silver-street, Upper Edmonton, N. 1909 JEpson, Frank P., Department of Agriculture, Suva, Fiji Islands. 1886 Joun, Evan, Llantrisant, R.S.O., Glamorganshire. b 1907 1889 1908 1888 1910 (sem) JOHNSON, Charles Fielding, Mayfield, Brinington Crescent, Stockport. Jounson, The Rev. W. F., M.A., Acton Hectory, Poyntz Pass, Co. Armagh. Joicry, James J., The Homestead, Bourne End, Bucks. Jonzss, Albert H., TReAsuRER, Shrublands, Eltham, Kent. JonES, Ernest P., 7, Sherwin-street, Nantwich-road, Crewe. 1894 + JorpDAN, Dr. K., Vick-PRESIDENT, The Museum, Tring. 1910 1910 1902 1884 1884 JosEPH, E, G., Lincoln College, Oxford. Joy, Ernest Cooper, 2, St. Kilda’s-road, Stoke Newington, N. Joy, Norman H., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Bradfield, Reading. Kang, W. F. de Vismes, M.A., M.R.I.A., Drumleaske House, Monaghan. Kapps., A. W., F.L.S., Linnean Society, Burlington House, W. 1876 + Kay, John Dunning, Leeds. 1896 | Kaye, William James, Caracas, Ditton Hill, Surbiton. 1907 1902 1890 1904 1901 1906 1900 1889 1861 Ketiy, Albert Ernest McClure, Assistant Entomologist, Department of Agriculture, Natal, S.A. Kemp, Stanley W., The Indian Museum, Calcutta. KENRICK, Sir Gone H., Whetstone, Somerset-road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. KeErsHaw, G. Bertram, Ingleside, West Wickham, Kent. KersHaw, John C., Ingleside, West Wickham, Kent. Keynes, John Neville, M.A., D.Sc., 6, Harvey-road, Cambridge. Krys, James H., Morwell, Freedom-villas, Lipson-road, Plymouth. Kine, J. J. F. X., Lecturer on Economic Entomology at the West of Scotland Agricultural College, 1, Athole Gardens-terrace, Kelvin- side, Glasgow. Kirey, William F.,F.L.S., Hilden, 46, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick, W. 1893 * KirRKALDY, George Willis, 2553, Punnin-avenue, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1889 KLAPALEK, Professor Franz, Karlin 263, Prague, Bohemia. 1887 | Kunin, Sydney T., F.LS., F.R.A.S., Hatherlow, Raglan-road, 1908 1910 1910 1868 1901 1895 1908 1899 1901 1910 1909 Reigate. KnutpseEn, Jens Marius, Noerre Nebel, Denmark. Latwiaw, Wilham, Vhe Cedars, Romford, Essex. Lakin, C. Ernest, M.D., F.R.C.S., 2, Park-crescent, Portland-place, W. LANG, Colonel A. M., C.B., R.E., Bow Grove Lodge, Guildford. Latuy, Percy I., Fox Hall, Enfield. Latter, Oswald H., M.A., Charterhouse, Godalming. Lawn, G. W., Tudor House, Wealdestone, Harrow. Lea, Arthur M., Government Entomologist, Hobart, Tasmania. LricH, George F., 45, Cuthbert’s Buildings, West-street, Durban, Natal. LuieH, H.8., The University, Manchester. LEIGH- CLARE, Reginald L., c/o Messrs. Allen & Gledhill, Solicitors, Singapore. (pesise 7.) 1892 Lesiin, J. Henry, 84, Huron-road, Tooting Common, S.W. 1898 Lerxapripnar, Ambrose G., Guards Olub, Pall Mall, S.W. 1903 ¢ Levert, The Rev. TORRE Prinsep, Monel, fiichmond, Yorks. 1898 Lewis, E. J., F.LS., “Stainmore,” South Hill, Bromley, Kent. 1876 Lewis, George, F.L.S., 87, Prant-road, Tunbridge Wells. 1908 + Lewis, John Spedan, Spedan Towers, Hampstead, N.W., and 277, Oxford-street, W. 1892 Licurroot, R. M., Bree-st., Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. 1908 Lister, W. K., Street End House, Ash, near Dover. 1903 LirrnEer, Frank M., Box 114, P.O., Launceston, Tasmania. 1865 | Lunwetyn, Sir John Talbot Dillwyn, Bart., M.A., F.L.S., Penllergare, Swansea. 1881 + Luoyp, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome, Bognor. 1885 + Luoyp, Robert Wyle, 1, 5 and 6, The Albany, Piccadilly, W. 1903 LorrHoussz, Thomas Ashton, The Croft, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough. 1908 lLonaspon, D., 20, Holland-park, W. 1904 + LonestarrF, George Blundell, M.D., Highlands, Putney Heath, S.W. 1899 LounssuRy, Charles P., B.Sce., Government Entomologist, Cape Town, S. Africa. | 1894 Lown, The Rev. Frank E., M.A., St. Stephen's Vicarage, Guernsey. 1893 Lower, Oswald B., Sé. Osaneln, Bartley Crescent, Wayville, South Australia. 1901 Lower, Rupert 8., Davonport-terrace, Wayville, South Australia. 1909 Lucas, Dr. T. P., Wakefield-buildings, Adelaide-street, Br isbane, Australia. 1898 Lucas, William John, B.A., 28, Knights Park, Kingston-on-Thames. 1904 * Lurr, W. A., La Chawmieére, Brock-road, Guernsey. 1880 Lupton, Henry, Devonia, Torquay. 1903 Lyeut, G., Junr., Gisborne, Victoria, Australia. 1901 Lyman, Henry H., M.A., F.R.G.S., 74, McTavish-street, Montreal, Canada. 1909 Lyon, Francis Hamilton, Addlestone, Surrey. 1906 McCarrison, D. L., Indian Police Forces, Madras Club, Madras. 1887 M‘Dougatt, James Thomas, Dunolly, Morden-road, Blackheath, 8.E. 1910 Macpovuaatt, R. Stewart, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.E., Edinburgh Uni- versity. 1888 Mackinnon, P. W., Lynndale, Mussoorie, N.W.P., India. 1900 Macxkwoop, The Hon. F. M., M.L.C., Colombo, Ceylon. 1899 + Matn, Hugh, B.Se., Almondale, Buckingham-road, South Woodford, N.E. 1905 Matty, Charles Wm., M.Se., Graham’s Town, Cape Colony. 1887 Manners, Lieut.-Colonel Neville, VASO, INAS, C/O tere (Ol McGrigor, 25, Charles-street, St. Tamese -square, S. W. 1892 MANSBRIDGE, Wallen 4, Norwich-road, Wavertree, Liverpool. 1894 + MaRsHALL, Alick, Auchinraith, Bexley, 8. O., Kent. (sexs, )) 1895 MarsHatn, Guy Anstruther Knox, F.Z.S., 6, Chester-place, Hyde Park-square, W. 1896 MarsuHatt, P., M.A., B.Sc, F.G.S., University School of Mines, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1856 — MarsHatt, William, V.M.H., F.R.H.S., Auchinraith, Bexley, S.O., Kent. 1897 Martingav, Alfred H., Solihull, Birmingham. 1910 + Mason, C. W., St. Denis, Shaftesbury, Dorset. 1895 Massy, Herbert, Ivy-Lea, Burnage, Didsbury, Manchester. 1865 Maruew, Gervase F., F.L.S., Paymaster-in-chief, R.N., Lee House, Dovercourt, iFlapushalh 1887 MatTrHeEws, Gyevndon Stentaway, Tenstoas S. Devon. 1900 MaxweE LL- Larroy, H., Imperial College of Science and Technology, South iRcpstinationn, S.W. 1899 May, Harry Haden, Blackfriars’ House, Plymouth. 1904 MrapE-Watpo, Geoffrey, Hever Warren, Edenbridge, Kent, and British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell-road, S.W. 1872 | Mrexpoua, Professor Raphael, F.R.S., F.C.S., 6, Br uns Diels square, W.C. 1885 Metvitu, James Cosmo, M.A., F.L.8., Meole Brace Hall, Shrewsbury. 1887 MeERRIFIELD, Frederic, 14, Clifton-terrace, Brighton. 1906 Merriman, Gordon, The Quick Laboratory, New Museums, Cambridge. 1905 Murry, Rev. W. Mansell, M.A., St. Michael's, Linton-road, Oxford. 1888 Meryer-Darcis, G., 5, Viale Poggio Imperiale, Florence. 1880 Meyrick, Edward, B.A., F.Z.S., F.R.S., Thornhanger, Marlborough. 1894 Mraz, Louis Compton, F.R.S., Norton Way, N. Letchworth. 1908 MippueToN, Ivan E., 11, High-street, Serampore, Bengal. 1883 Mines, W. H., The New Club, Calcutta. 1910 Minnar, F. Grahame, The Tangga Batu Rubber Co., Malacca, Straits Settlement. 1906 MircuHeLu-Hepesus, Frederic Albert, Denbigh House, 25, Chepstow- villas, Bayswater, W. 1905 Murrorp, Robert Sidney, C.B., 35, Redcliffe Square, S.W. 1896 Mosrrty, J. C., M.A., Woodlands, Bassett, Southampton. 1879 Monreiro, Dr. Antonio Augusto de Carvalho, 70, Rua do Alecrinar, Lisbon. 1902 Monrcomery, Arthur Meadows, 34, Shalimar Gardens, Pembridge- road, North Acton, W. 1899 Moore, Harry, 12, Lowen -road, Rotherhithe. 1907 Moors, Mrs. Chiheniine Maria, Holmefield, Oakholme-rd., Sheffield. 1886 Moraan, A. C. F., F.L.S., 135, Oakwood-court, Kensington, W. 1889 + Moricz, The Rev. F. D., M.A., Fellow of Queen’s College, Oxford, Brunswick, Mount Hermon, Woking. 1895 | Mortzy, Claude, The Hill Howse, Monk’s Soham, Suffolk. 1910 Morwnpr, Count Birger, Consul for H.M. the King of Sweden, Sydney, Australia. 1907 Mortimur, Charles H., Royton Chase, Byfleet, Surrey. (Cy oxocit 1893 Morron, Kenneth J., 13, Blackford-road, Edinburgh. 1910 Mosgty, Martin E., 18, Addison-road, W. 1900 Moskr, Julius, 59, Bulow-strasse, Berlin. 1882 Mosney, 8. L., The Museum and Technical College, Huddersfield. 1907 Movuron, John C., The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts, and The Museum, Sarawak. 1901 + Moutr, Frederick, H.S.P.A. Haperiment Station, Honolulu, Oahu, H.T. 1869 + Mtuuer, Albert, F.R.G.S., c/o Herr A. Miiller-Mechel, Gren- zacherstrasse, 60, Basle, Switzerland. 1906 MuscHamp, Percy A. H., Institut, Stdfa, nr. Zurich, Switzerland. 1909 MusHam, John F., 53, Brook-street, Selby, Yorks. 1903 Neave,S. A., B.A., Mill Green Park, Ingatestone. 1901 Nevinson, E. B., Morland, Cobham, Surrey. 1907 Newman, Leonard Woods, Bexley, Kent. 1909 Newstead, Alfred, The Grosvenor Museum, Chester. 1890 NewstEaD, R., Johnston Tropical Laboratory, University, Liverpool. 1909 NuicHoxson, Gilbert, M.A., M.D., University College Hospital, W.C. 1886 NicHoison, William E., School Hill, Lewes. 1906 Nix, John Ashburner, Tilgate, Crawley, Sussea. 1878 Norriper, Thomas, Ashford, Kent. 1895 Nursz, Lt.-Colonel C. G., Timworth Hall, Bury St. Edmunds. 1908 Nursz, H. A., Botanical Department, Trinidad, B.W.I. 1877 OpeErtTHtr, René, Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine), France. 1893 + OaLE, Bertram 8., Steeple Aston, Oxfordshire. 1910 OxpaKkeEr, Francis A., M.A., The Red House, Haslemere. 1873 O.tvieR, Ernest, Ramillons, pres Moulins (Allier), France. 1895 Paas, Herbert E., Bertrose, Gellatly-road, St. Catherine's Park, S.E. 1907 PrEaAD, Clement H., Box 252, Bulawayo, South Africa. 1883 P&RiInaury, Dr. Louis, South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa. 1903 + PeRKrns, R. C. L., M.A., D.Sc., F.Z.S., Park Hill House, Paignton, Devon, and Board of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1879 PrRKtns, Vincent Robert, Wotton-under-Edge. 1907 + Perrins, J. A. D., 3rd Seaforth Highlanders, Port George, N.B. 1897 Pures, Hubert C., M.R.C.S., L.8.A., 262, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde- park, W. 1903 7 PuHinuirs, Montagu A., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., 22, Petherton-road, High- bury, New Park, N. 1901 Picker, C. P., 28, Colwith-road, Leytonstone, S.E. 1891 PiERcE, Frank Nelson, 1, The Hlms, Dingle, Liverpool. 1901 * PrrrarD, Albert, Felden, Boxmoor, Hemel Hempstead. 1903 PincHER, Colonel Jesse George, I.M.S., F.R.C.S., 183, Gloucester. road, Kensington, S.W. 1910 Pruuat, A. Raman, The University, Hdinburgh. () xxii!) 1885 Pont, J. R. H. Neerwort van de, Driebergen, Netherlands. 1870 + Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.S., Hlm Lea, Dalton, Huddersfield. 1884 + Poutton, Professor Edward B., D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S., F.Z.S., Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford, Wykeham House, Banbury-road, Oxford. 1905 Power.t, Harold, 7, Rue Mireille, Hyéres (Var), France. 1906 Pratt, H.C., Government Entomologist, Federated Malay States, Kuala Lumpur, Malay States. . 1908 Prarr, William B., 10, Lion Gate Gardens, Richmond, Surrey. 1878 Pricr, David, 48, West-street, Horsham. 1908 PripEAvux, Robert M., Woodlands, Brasted Chart, Sevenoaks. 1904 Priskn, Richard A. R., 9, Melbourne Avenue, West Haling. 1893 Prout, Louis Beethoven, 62, Graham-road, Dalston, N.E. 1910 Punnett, Professor Reginald Crundall, M.A., Caius College, Cambridge. | 1900 Rartnsow, William J., The Australian Musewm, Sydiey, N.S.W. 1907 Raywarp, Arthur Leshe, 3, Albert Mansions, Lansdowne Road, Croydon. 1874 Reep, Dr. E. C., Director del Museo de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. 1893 Retrp, Captain Savile G., late R.E., The Elms, Yalding, Maidstone. 1898 Revron, R. H., c/o Perkins and Co., Ltd., Brisbane, Queensland. 1898 REUTER, Proscar Enzio, Helene iene 1910 bE RuH&-PHILIPS, Came. Examiner of Accounts, Hastern Bengal State Railway, Calcutta. 1894 Ruiprne, William Steer, B.A., M.D., Standlands, Buckerell, Honiton. 1908 Rippon, Claude, M.A., Springwood, Abingdon, Berks. 1905 Rostnson, Herbert C., Curator of State Museum, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor. 1892 Rosrnson, Sydney C., 10, Inchmory-road, Catford, 8.K. 1869 + Rosrnson-Dovueias, Wilham Douglas, M.A., F.LS., F.R.G.S., Orchardton, Castle Douglas. 1908 Rogers, The Rev. K. St. Aubyn, M.A., Rabai, Mombasa, British Hast Africa. 1909 Rotiason, Wm. Alfred, Lamorna, Trivo, Cornwall. 1886 Ross, Arthur J., Glanmor, Berkhamstead. 1907 RosmnBere, W. F. H., 57, Haverstock-hill, N.W. 1868 RorHney, George Alexander James, Pembury, Tudor-road, Upper Norwood, 8.E. 1894 + Rotascaitp, The Honble. Nathaniel Charles, M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.S., Arundel-house, Kensington Palace Gardens, W. 1888 + RoruscHILD, The Honble. Walter, D. Se., F.LS., F.Z.S., Zoological Museum, Tring. 1890 Rovutiepasr, G. B., Tarn Lodge, Heads Nook, Carlisle. 1887 RownanpD-Browy, Eon, M.A., Vick-PRESIDENT and SECRETARY Oxhey-grove, Harrow Weald. 1910 Ruper, Miss Carlotta, 1, Hamilton House, Grove-end-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. 1910 1898 1892 1899 1905 1906 ( seabh ”)) RupGeE, Charles Henry, 1, Hamilton House, Grove-end-road, St. Johws Wood, N.W. RussEwL, A., Wilverley, Dale-road, Purley. RussELL, S. G. C., 19, Lombard-street, E.C. Ryies, William E., B.A., 14, Arthur-street, Nottingham. St. Quintin, W. H., Scampton Hall, Rillington, York. Sampson, Colonel F. Winns, 20 Arundel Mansions, 8.W., and Junior Carlton Club, Pall Mall, S.W. 1865* SAUNDERS Edward, F.R.S., F.L.S., St. Anns, Mount Hermon, Woking. 1861 *SaunpeERs, G.S., F.L.S., Littlethorpe, Furze Hill, Burgh Heath, Surrey. 1910 1886 1901 1907 1881 1909 1862 1902 1886 1905 1901 SaunpDeERs, H. A., Brookfield-house, Swanage. SAUNDERS, Prof. Wm., Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Scuaus, W., F.Z.S., 97, Elm Park Gardens, 8.W. ScomMassMAN, W., Beulah Lodge, London-r. ad, Enfield, N. Scouuick, A. J., 8, Wayfield-road, Merton Park, Wimbledon. Scott, Hugh, B.A., University Musewm of Zoology, Cambridge. SHARP, David, M.A., M.B., F.BS., F.LS., F.Z.S., Lawnside, Brockenhurst, Hants. ; and University Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge. SHARP, W. E., 9, Queen’s-road, South Norwood, 8.E. SHaw, George T. (Librarian of the Liverpool Free Public Library), William Brown-street, Liverpool. SHELDON, W. George, Youlgreave, South Croydon. SHELFORD, Robert, M.A., F.Z.S., University Musewm (Hope Department), Oxford. 1900 + SHEPHEARD-Watwyn, H. W., M.A., Dalwhinnie, Kenley, Surrey. 1887 1909 1904 1902 1904 1902 1907 1906 1901 1898 1885 1908 1889 1910 1898 1898 1910 Sicu, Alfred, Corney House, Chiswick, W. SILVERLOCK, Oscar C., c/o P. M. O. Livingstone, Esq., V.W. Rhodesiu, S. Africa. Simmonps, Hubert W., c/o Messrs. Kircaldie and Stames, Limited, Wellington, New Zealand. SLADEN, Frederick William Lambart, The Firs, Ripple, Dover. SiippER, The Rev. T. J. R. A., M.A., Tivetshall Rectory, Norwich. Storer, Gerard Orby, F.Z.S., J.P., Badminton Club, Piccadilly, W. Sty, Harold Baker, Mapledean, Ringley-avenue, Horley. SMALLMAN, Raleigh 8., Homeside, Devonshire Park, Eastbourne. SmirH, Arthur, County Museum, Lincoln. Sopp, Erasmus John Burgess, F.R.Met.S., 9, Merridale-road, Wolverhampton. Sour, Richard, 96, Drakefield-road, Upper Tooting, 8.W. Speyer, Edward R., Ridgehurst, Shenley, Herts. STANDEN, Richard 8., F.L.S., Townlands, Lindfield, Sussex. Staniny, The Rev. Hubert George, Marshfield Vicarage, Cardiff. Stars, C. L. B., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Zhe Limes, Swanley Junction, Kent. STEBBING, Henry, Norham House, Sheen-road, Richmond, Surrey. STENTON,:Rupert, Southwell, Notts. (| sea?) 1910 SroneHaM, Hugh Frederick, Lieut. E. Surrey Regt., Kingswear, Streatham-park, S.W. 1896 Srrickianp, T. A. Gerald. 1900 Strupp, EH. A. C., Kerremens, British Columbia. 1895 Strupp, E. F., M.A., B.C.L., Oxton, Exeter. 1882 Swawnzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks. 1908 Swrerstray, Commr. T., lst Assistant, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. 1884 Swinnor, Colonel Charles, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.8., 6, Gunterstone- road, Kensington, W. 1894 SwinHokr, Ernest, 6, Gunterstone-road, Kensington, W. 1876 Swinton, A. H., c/o Mrs. Callander, Vineyard, Totnes. 1910 Tart, Robt., junr., Roseneath, Harborough-road, Ashton-on-Mersey. 1908 Taxpot, G., 11, Palace Gardens, Enfield. 1893 Taytor, Charles B., Gap, Lancaster County, Penn., U.S.A. 1403. Taytor, Thomas Harold, M.A., Yorkshire College, Leeds. 1910 Terry, Frank Wray, P.O. Box 411, Honolulu, Hawa. 1909 Trrimy, Alfred, M.A., 22, Avenue-road, Scarborough. 1910 THEOBALD, F. V., M.A., Agricultural College, Wye. 1901 THompson, Matthew Lawson, 40, Gosford-street, Middlesborough. 1892 THorNuiEy, The Rev. A., M.A., F.L.S., ‘‘ Hughenden,” Coppice-road, Nottingham. 1907 Tittyarp, R. J., B.A., The Grammar School, Sydney, New South Wales. 1897 Tomurn, J. R. le B., M.A., Stoneley, Alexandra-road, Reading. 1907 'Tonen, Alfred Ernest, Aincroft, Reigate, Surrey. 1907 Tracarpa, Dr. Ivar, The University, Upsala, Sweden. 1859 | TRimeN, Roland, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., Southbury, Lawn-road, Guild- ford. 1906 TRYHANE, George E., Pedro Miquel Canal Zone, Panama. 1906 TuLtocH, Captain James Bruce Gregorie, The King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry; c/o Messrs. Cox & Co., 16, Charing Cross, S.W. 1895 Tunauny, Henry, 13, Begmead-avenue, Streatham, S.W. 1910 Turati, Conte Emilio, 4, Piazza S. Alessandro, Milan, Italy. 1898 Turner, A. J., M.D., Wickham Terrace, Brisbane, Australia. 1893 TurNER, Henry Jerome, 98, Drakefell-road, St. Catherine's Purk, Hatcham, 8.E. 1906 TURNER, Rewind E., 21, Emperor's -Gate, 8. W. 1894 TURNER, Thomas, Cu ior Devon. 1886 * Turt, James W., Rayleigh Villa, Westcombe Hill, S.E. 1893 Uricu, Frederick William, C.M.Z.S., Port of Spain, Trinidad, Br SiBoh West Indies. 1904 | VauGHAaN, W., Badulla, India. 1866 VERRALL, George Henry, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket. 1909 VuipiER, Leopold A., The Carmelite Stone House, Rye, Sussex. 1895 1901 1899 1897 1878 ( zeny) WacHER, Sidney, F.R.C.8., Dane John, Canterbury. WADDINGTON, John, Park Holme, Harehill-avenue, Leeds. Wank, Albert, 12, Cadogan-place, Preston, Lancashire. Watnwnriaeut, Colbran J., 45, Handsworth Wood-road, Handsworth, Birmingham. WALKER, James J.. M.A. R.N., F.LS., Secretary, <Aorangi, Lonsdale-road, Summertown, Oaford. 1863 + Wannacs, Alfred Russel, O.M., D.C.L., Oxon, F.RS, F.LS., F.Z.S., Broadstone, Wimborne, Dorset. 1866 | WausincHAM, The Right Honble. Lord, Natural History Museum, 1910 1908 1886 1869 1901 1904 1893 1908 Cromwell-road, S.W. WarbD, John J., Rusinurbe House, Somerset-road, Coventry. WaRREN, Brisbane C. 8., The Avenue, Amersham. WarREN, Wm, M.A., 33, Western-road, Tring, Herts. WaTERHOUSE, Charles O., VicE-PRESIDENT, Ingleside, Avenue- gardens, Acton, W.; and British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell-road, S.W. WATERHOUSE, Gustavus A., B.Sc., F.C.S., Royal Mint, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Watson, The Rev. N. Beresford, St. Martin's Vicarage, St. Philip, Barbados, W. Indies. Wess, John Cooper, 218, Upland-road, Dulwich, 8.E. WeLiMAN, F. Creighton, M.D., U.S. Musewm, Washington, U.S.A. 1876 | WestERN, E. Young, 36, Lancaster Gute, Hyde Park, W. 1886 1906 1910 1907 1906 1903 1896 1910 1910 1894 1900 1881 1905 1888 1892 WHEELER, Francis D., M.A., LL.D., Parugon House School, Norwich. WHEELER, The Rev. George, M.A., 37, Gloucester-place, W. Waitt, Edward Barton, M.R.C.S., Cardigi City Mental Hospital, Cardiff. Wuite, Harold J., 42, Nevern-sq., Kensington, S.W. Wickwar, Oswin 8., Charlemont, Gregory-road, Colombo, Ceylon. Wiaains, Clare A., M.R.C.S., Hntebbe, Uganda. Wireman, A. E., H.B.M. Consul, Manilla, Philippine Islands. Wiuucoogs, Frank C., Entomologist to the Khedivial Agricultural Society, Cairo, Egypt. Wiuiams, James M., Howard Motor Garage, Brithdir, Cardiff, and Canford Cliffs, Hants. Wo.utey-Dop, F. H., Millarville P. O., Alberta, N.W.T., Canada. Woop, H., Kennington, near Ashford, Kent. Woop, The Rev. Theodore, The Vicarage, Lyford-road, Wandsworth Common, 8. W. W ooDBRIDGE, Francis Charles, The Brias, Gerrard’s Cross, S.O., Bucks. YeERBURY, Colonel John W., late R.A., F.Z.S., Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall, 8.W. YoupDa te, William Henry, F.R.M.S.,21, Belle-Isle-street, Workington. ( xoxya ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY Durina THE YEAR 1910. AHLWARTH (K.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | AINSLIE (G. G.). The Cowpea curculio. [U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 85, Pt. 8, 1910. ] The Larger Corn-Stalk Borer (Diatroea saccharalis, Fab.). [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 116, 1910.] U.S. Dept. Agric. Arrow(G.J.). Fauna of British India. Coleoptera. Lamellicornia(Cetoniinae and Dynastinae). 1910. The India Office. Back (E. A,). The Woolly White-fly (Aleyrodes howard, Quaint.). [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 64, Pt. 8, 1910.]. U.S. Dept. Agric. , Bacnauy (R. 8.). Contribution towards a knowledge of the Neotropical Thysanoptera. [Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXX, 1910. ] Lord Avebury. Banks (Nathan). Catalogue of Nearctic Spiders. [U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. No. 72, 1910.] The Smithsonian Institution. BarGAGLI (Piero). L’Opera degli insetti nella formazione dell’ Humus. [Atti R. Accad. Georgofili, Vol. VII, 1910. ] The Author. Beare (Prof. T. Hudson). Retrospect of a Coleopterist for 1909. ] [Entom. Record, Vol. XXII, No. 1, 1910]. The Author. and Evans (W.). Coleoptera from Mole’s Nests in the South-East of Scotland. [Aun. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1909. ] The Authors. BERICHT tber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der Entomologie wahrend des Jahres 1905 und 1906. Published in 1910, By K. Grinberg, R. Lucas, H. Schouteden, and G. Seidlitz. Purchased. BERNHAUER (M.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | BERNSTEIN (Dr. Julius). Summary of literature relating to the bionomics. of the parasitic fungus of flies (Hmpusa muscae). [Reports to L.G.B. on Public Health and Medical Subjects, N.S. No. 40, 1910.] H.M., Stationery Office. BickHARDT (H.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. ] Biatcuury (W.S.). On the Aleocharinae known to occur in Indiana. [Bull. Indiana Dept. Geology and Natural Resources, No. 1, 1910. ] A, Fenyes. Brown (H. Rowxanp-). Notes on a Butterfly Hunt in France, 1910. [Entomologist, Nov. and Dec. 1910.] The Author. BrownE (H. B.). Descriptive Catalogue of the Dobree Collection of European Noctuae, 1909. The Author. (exon) Burr (Malcolm). A Preliminary Revision of the Labiduridae, a Family of Dermaptera. [Trans. Entom. Soc. 1910. ] Dermaptera (The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905). (Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV, Pt. 1, 1910.] The Author. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Derma- ptera (Earwigs). The India Office. Buscx (August). New Moths of the Genus Trichostzbas, [ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVIII, 1910}. Notes on a Horn-feeding Lepidopterous larva from Africa. [Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. LVI, No. 8, 1910.] The Smithsonian Institution. CaRPENTER (G. H.). Injurious Insects and other Animals observed in Ireland during the year 1909. [Econ. Proc. Royal Dublin Soc. 1910. ] The Author. Casry (Thos. L.). Memoirs on the Coleoptera, I, 1910. [Staphylinidae.] Lancaster, Pa. The Author, CHAMPION (G. C.). [See Gopman (F. D.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. ] -and Lroyp (R. W.). Some Interesting British Insects, I-III. [Ent. Monthly Mag., 1909, 1910. ] The Authors. CHITTENDEN (F. H.). Notes on the Cucumber Beetles, [U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 82, Pt. 6, 1910.] ——— The Oak Pruner. [U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 130, 1910. U.S. Dept. Agric. CocKERELL (T. D. A.). Some Bees of the Genus Augochlora from the West Indies. [Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVII, 1910.] ———- North American Bees of the Genus Womia. [Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVIII, 1910.] The Smithsonian Institution. CoLEOPTERORUM CaTaLocus. Junk (W.) editus a Schenkling (S8.). Berlin, 1910-11. Pars 9. Olivier (E.), Lampyridae. ,, 10. Olivier (E.). Rhagophthalmidae, Drilidae. 11. Léveillé (A.). Temnochilidae. 12. Csiki (E.). Endomychidae. ,, 13. Csiki (E.). Scaphidiidae. 14. Pic (M.). Hylophilidae. , 15. Gebien (H.). Tenebrionidae, I. 16. Pape (P.). Brachyceridae. , 17. Zaitzer (Ph.). Dryopidae, Cyathoceridae, Georyssidae Heteroceridae. , 18. Csiki(H.). Platypsyllidae, Orthoperidae, Phaenocephalidae Discolomidae, Sphaeriidae. 19. Bernhauer (M.) et Schubert (K.). Staphylinidae, I. 20. Schmidt (A.). Aphodiinae. , 21. Ahlwarth (K.). Gyrinidae. » 22. Gebien (H.). Tenebrionidae, IT. 23. Schenkling (S.). Cleridae. 24. Bickhardt (H). Histeridae. 25. Dalla Torre (K. W. von). Cebrionidae, » 26. Pic (M.). Scraptiidae, Pedilidae. Purchased. Copeman (Dr. 8. Monckton). Note as to work in hand, but not yet pub- lished, and as to proposed further work in reference to Flies as Carriers of Infection. [Reports to L.G.B. on Public Health and Medical Subjects, N.S., No. 40, 1910.] H.M, Stationery Office. ( seer) CoquiLLeTT (D. W.). Type-species of the North American Genera of Diptera. [Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVII, 1910. ] The Sinithsonian Institution. CRAWFORD (J. C.). New Hymenoptera from the Philippine Islands. [Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVIII, 1910. ] Three new Genera and Species of Parasitic Hymenoptera. [Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVIII, 1910. ] The Smithsonian Institution. Csixi (E.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | Data Torre (K. W. von). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. ] Dean (W. Harper). The Sorghum Midge (Contarinia [Diplosis] sorghicola, C 0q.). [U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 85, Pt. 4, 1910. ] | U. S. Dept. Agric. Distant (W.L.). Rhynchota: Heteroptera. Appendix. Fauna of British India, Vol. V. London, 1910. The India Office. ' ——-—— Fauna Transvaaliensia. Part X, 1910. Purchased. Doanin (Paul). Hétérocéres nouveaux de Amérique du sud. Fase. 1, 1910. The Author. Dyar (H. G.). Descriptions of some new Species and Genera of Lepido- ptera from Mexico, — [Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. XX XVIII, 1910.] The Smithsonian Institution. Evans (W.). [See Bears (T. Hudson) ]. Foret (A). Fourmis des Philippines. [Philippine Journ. Science, July, 1910. ] ——— Note sur Quelques Fourmis d’ Afrique. [Ann. de la Soc, Entom. de Belgique, 1910.] The Author. Fostrr (S. W.). On the Nut-feeding Habits of the Codling Moth, [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 80, Pt. 5, 1910.] —— — and Jonss (P. R.). How to Control the Pear Thrips. [U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 131, 1910. ] U.S. Dept. Agric. GaprEAu (Henri). Voyage Zoologique en Khroumirie (Tunisie), Mai-Juin, 1906. Paris, 1908. Dr. M. Burr. GEBIEN (H.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | GuosH (Charn C.). Insects of (on) Crops. Written on the basis of “ Indian Insect Pests” of H. Maxwell Lefroy and D.N. Pal. Pusa, 1909. (Written in Bengali, with notes in English.) The Author. Gopman (F.D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pts. CCVII, CCVITII, 1910; Diplopoda, by R. 1. Pocock; Jnsecta, by G. C. Champion and Lord Walsingham. The Editor. Gold Coast, Government of the. Report of the Agricultural Department for the year 1909. Gold Coast, 1910. The Director. GRAHAM-SmITH (Dr.). Observations on the ways in which artificially infected flies (Musca domestica) carry and distribute pathogenic and bacteria. [Reports to L.G.B. on Public Health and Medical Subjects, N.S., No. 40, 1910. ] A.M. Stationery Office. GREEN (E. Ernest). Coccidae of Ceylon, Pt. TV. London, 1909. —— Entomological Notes. : [Tropical Agriculturist, Vols. XXXIV, XXXV, 1910; Spolia Zeyl., Vol. VII, 1910. ] — On some Coccid Pests of Economic Importance. (Journ. Economic Biology, Vol. V, Pt. 1, 1910. ] The Author. (0s Exes § 4) GrossBEck (J. A.). Studies of the North American Geometrid Moths of the Genus Pero. [Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVIII, 1910. ] The Smithsonian Institution. HacEporn (M.). [See Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum. | Hammar (A. G.). Life history of the Codling Moth in North-Western Pennsylvania. [U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 80, Pt. 6, 1910. ] U.S. Dept. Agric. ——-— [See Johnson (F.). ] Hampson (Sir G. F.). Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae. Vol. IX (text and plates), 1910. By Exchange. HoFENEDER (Karl). Mengenilla, n. g., chobautii, n. sp. Eine neue Strepsiptere aus Nordafrika. [Ber. naturw.-med. Vereins, Jahr. XX XI, 1910.] The Author. Hore Reports. Vol. VII, 1908-10. Edited by Prof. EH. B. Poulton, 1910. Hope Dept., Oxford Univ. Mus. Horxins (A. D.). Insects which kill forest trees. [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 125, 1910.] ——_—-— Insect injuries to the wood of Dying and Dead Trees. [U.8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 127, 1910. ] —-—- Insect Injuries to Forest Products. [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 128, 1910.] —_—-— Insects in their relation to the reduction of future supplies of timber and general principles of Control. [U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No, 129, 1910. ] —-— Contributions toward a monography of the Bark-weevils of the Genus P2ssodes. [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Techn. Ser., No. 20, Pt. 1, 1910. | U.S. Dept. Agric. Howarp (L. O.). Parasites reared or supposed to have been reared from the eggs of the Gipsy Moth (Porthetria dispar, L.). LU. 7 Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Techn. Ser., No. 19, Pt. I, 1910. ] — Report of the Entomologist for 1910. [U. S. Dept. Agric. Washington, 1910.] U.S. Dept. Agric. Hunter (W. D.). The Status of the Cotton Boll Weevil in 1909. LU. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 122, 1910.] U.S. Dept. Agric. Hystop (J. A.). The Smoky Crane-Fly. [U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 85, Pt. 8, 1910.] U. S. Dept. Agric. JEANNEL (R.) Essai d’une nouvelle classification des Silphides Cavernicoles. [Arch. Zool. Exper. Gen., Tom. V, 1910.] The Author. ———— et Racovirza (E. G.). Enumération des Grottes visitées 1908-09. (3™* série). [Arch. Zool. Exper. Gen., Tom. V, 1910. ] The Authors. JOHNSON (F.) and Hammar (A. G.). The Grape root-worm. [U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 89, 1910.] mS, Dept. Agric. Jones (P. R.). Tests of sprays against the European fruit Zecanium and the European Pear scale. [U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 80, Pt. 8, 1910.] U.S. Dept. Agric. ———— [See Foster (S. W.).] Junk (W.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | ((Giexexexciti)) KeERREMANS (Ch.). Monographie des Buprestides. Vol. IV, Livr. 3 to completion. Vol. V, Livr. 1-8, 1910. Purchased. Kerrtnsz (C.), Catalogus Dipterorum. Vol. II. Cecidomyiidae, Limnobiidae, Tipulidae, Cylindrotomidae, 1902. Vol. III. Stratiomyiidae, Erinnidae, Coenomyiidae, Tabanidae, Pantophthalmidae, Rhagionidae, 1908, Vol. IV. Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Apioceridae, Asilidae, 1909. Vol. VI. Empididae, Dolichopodidae, Musidoridae, 1909. Vol. VII. Syrphidae, Dorylaidae, Phoridae, Clythiidae, 1910. [Mus. Nat. Hung., 1902-10. ] Purchased. KigFFER (J.J.). [See Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum. | Krrpy (W.F.). Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. III. Orthoptera Saltatoria, Pt. 2 (Locustidae vel Acridiidae), 1910. By Exchange. KLAPALEK (F.). Metamorphose der Trichopteren, 1888. The Author. Lerroy (H. Maxwett-). Life-histories of Indian Insects, Coleoptera I. [Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Entom. Series, Vol. Il, No. 8, 1910. | The Dept. Leon (N.). Studii asupra Culicidelor din Romania. Bucuresti, 1910. The Author. Liveritn (A.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus.] Lioyp (R. W.). [See Cuampion (G, C.)] LunpBEcK (Wm.). Diptera Danica, Pt. III, 1910. The Author. Martatt (C. L.). The Horn Fly (Haematobia serrata, Rob.-Desv.) [U.8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 115, 1910. ] U.S. Dept. Agree. MarsH (H,0O.). Biologic and Economic Notes on the Yellow-Bear Cater- pillar, [U. S. Dept Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 82, Pt. 5, 1910. ] Biologic Notes on species of Diabrotica in Southern Texas. [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 82, Pt. 6, 1910.] Notes on a Colorado Ant. [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 64, Pt. 9, 1910. ] U. S. Dept. Agric. Marre.tr (G.). Parassiti indigeni ed esotici della “ Diaspis pentagona” Targ., 1910. The Author. Meyrick (E.). [See Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum. | MicuigaN ACADEMY OF SciENCE. Eleventh Report. Darwin Centenary Publication, 1909. The Academy. Morty (Claude). Catalogue of British Hymenoptera of the family Chal- cididae, 1910. By Exchange. NewsreEap (R.). On Two New Species of African Coccidae. [Journ. Econ. Biol., Vol. V, Pt. 1, 1910. ] ———— On Scale Insects (Coccidae), ete., from the Uganda Protectorate. [Bull. Entom. Research, Vol. I, 1910. ] The Author. OBERTHUR (Charles). Etudes de Lépidoptérologie Comparée. Fasc. IV and IV bis. Rennes, 1910. The Author, OxtviER (Ernest). Lampyrides de Misiones. [Revista del Museo de La Plata, Tome XVII, 1910.] The Author. —_—— [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | (Spi sexexciy?) OsHANIN (B.). Verzeichnis der Palaearktischen Hemipteren. Band III. [Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. de Sciences, Bd. XV, 1910.] F, B. Godman, PapE (P.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. ] PrYRON (John). Zur Morphologie der skandinavischen Schmetterlingseier. [Kungl Svenska Vetenskap Akad. Handl., Band XLIV, No. 1, 5 1909. | By Exchange. Puitiies (HE. F.). Bees. [U.S. Dept. Agric., Farmer’s Bull. No. 397, 1910. ] U.S. Dept. Agrre. Pic (M.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | Porrius (B.). [See Reuter (O. M.).] QuAINTANCE (A. L.). The one-spray method in the control of the Codling Moth and the Plum Curculio. [U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 80, Pt. 7, 1910. ] U.S. Dept. Agric. [See Scorr (W. M.).] QueEtcH (J. J.). Report on the Giant Moth-borer (Castnia licus), 1910. The Author. Racovitza (H.G.). [See JEANNEL (R.). | Rerves (G. I.). [See Wesster (F. M.).] ReEITTER (Edmund). Fauna Germanica. Die Kafer des deutschen Reiches. Bands I, II. Stuttgart, 1908, 1909. Purchased. REUTER (O. M.). Anthocoridae novae. [Ofv. Finska Vet.-Soc. Forb., LI, 1908-09. ] Capsidae tres novae in Brasilia a D:o D:re R. F. Sahlberg collectae. [Ofv. Finska Vet.-Soc. Forh., LI, 1908-09. ] ——— Genera quatuor nova divisionis Capsidarum Restheniaria. [Ofv. Finska Vet.-Soc. Férh., LI, 1908-09]. Mitteilungen uber einige Hemipteren des Russischen Reiches. [Horae Soc. Ent. Ross.. Tom. XX XIX, 1910. ] —_—-—— Neue Beitrage zur Phylogenie und Systematik der Miriden. [Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicae, Tom. XX XVII, No. 3.] The Author. ReEvuTsER (O. M.) et Poprius (B.). Monographia Nabidarum orbis terrestris. [Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicae, Tom. XX XVII, No. 2, 1909. ] The Authors. Rouwer (S. A.). Some new Hymenopterous Insects from the Philippine Islands. [Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVII, 1910. ] ——— Qn a Collection of Tenthredinoidea from Eastern Canada. [Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVIII, 1910.] ——_——— Japanese Sawflies in the Collections of the U.S. National Museum. [Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XIX, 1910. ] The Smithsonian Institution. RussEutu (H. M.). The Pecan cigar case-bearer. (U.S, Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 64, Pt. 10, 1910. ] U.S. Dept. Agric. SANDERSON (E. Dwight). The Codling Moth and how to control it by Spraying. [New Hampshire Agric. Exper. Station, Dept. Entom., Bull. No. 143, , 1909. | The Station. SARAWAK Museum. Kighth Report for 1908-09. [By J. C. Moulton, Curator, 1910.] The Museum. (ie xexexcinig 9) ScHAEFFER (C.). Additions to the Carabidae of North America, with notes on the species already known. [Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sciences, Science Bull., Vol. I, No. 17, 1910. ] The Brooklyn Institute. ScHENELING (S.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | Scumipt (A.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | | See Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum. | ScHNABL (J.). Ueber die Gattungsrechte der Gattung Pegomyia, Rob.-Desv. [ Horae Soc. Entom. Rossicae, Tom. XX XIX, 1910. ] ; The Author. ScHnusE (W.). Beitrage zur Kenntnis der stidamerikanischen Dipteren- fauna. [Abh. kaiser]. Leop. Carol. deutsch. Akad. Naturf., Bd. 91, No. 3, 1909. | By Exchange. ScuuBERT (K.). [See Coleopterorum Catalogus. | Scotr (W. M.) and Quainrancr (A. L.). Control of the Brown-Rot and Plum Curculio on Peaches. [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 120, 1910.] é U.S. Dept. Agric. SEeLys-LonccHamps (Baron Edm.). Collections Zoologiques. Fasc. X, XJ, Libellulinen. Fasc. XX XI, Oiseaux, 1909, 1910. Purchased. SHELFORD (R.). [See Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum. | Sicw (A.). Depressarta putridella, Schiff. A Species new to Britain. [Entom. Ree., Vol. X XI, No. 10.] The Author. Snoperass (R. E.). The Thorax of the Hymenoptera. [Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XIX, 1910.] The Smithsonian Institution. ——-— Anatomy of the Honey Bee. [U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Techn. Ser., No. 18, 1910. ] U.S. Dept. Agric. Snyper (T. E.). Damage to Chestnut Telephone and Telegraph Poles by Wood-boring Insects. [U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 94, Pt. 1, 1910. ] U.S. Dept. Agric. SPuLeR (A.). Die Schmetterlinge Europas. [4 vols., Plates. Stuttgart, 1901-10. ] Purchased. THEOBALD (F, V.). Monograph of the Culicidae of the World. Vol. V, 1910. By Exchange. —— —— South-Eastern Agricultural College, Wye. [Report on Economie Zoology for year ending Sept. 30, 1910. London, 1910.] The Author. Turati (Emilio). La Zygaena transalpina, Esp. e le sue forme Italiane. 1910. ~The Author. ——-— Note Critiche sulla Pieris ergane, H. G. [Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., Vol. XLIX, 1910.] The Author. Tutt (J. W.). British Lepidoptera. Vol. X, 1908-09. Purchased. Vickery (R. A.). Contributions to a knowledge of the Corn Root-Aphis (Aphis maidiradicis, Forbes). [U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 85, Pt. 6, 1910. ] U. S. Dept. Agric. VIERECK (H. L.). Descriptions of new species of Ichneumon-flies. [Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX XVIII, 1910. ] The Smithsonian Institution. WaLkER (James J.). Second Supplement to the Preliminary List of the Coleoptera of the Oxford district, 1910. The Author. :9:9:4bu1 |) WALSINGHAM (Lord). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. | Weesster (F, M.). The Clover Root-Borer (Hylastznus obscurus). [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 119, 1910.] U. S. Dept. Agric. Wesster (F. M.) and Reeves (G. I.). The Western Grass-stem Fly (Cephus occidentalis). [U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Circular No. 117, 1910. ] U.S. Dept. Agric. WictperMmutH (V. L.). Clover-root Curculio (Sitones hispidulus, Fab.). [U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Entom., Bull. No. 85, Pt. 3, 1910.] U. S. Dept. Agric. Wytsman (P.). Genera Insectorum. Fase. LXX Xd, C-CXIIa, 1910. E. A. Elliott. ZaiTzER (Ph.). [See Coleopterorum Calatogus. | ( xxxiv ) Periodicals and Publications of Societies. AMERICA (NORTH). CANADA. Lonpon, Ontario. The Canadian Entomologist. Vol. XLII, 1910. By Exchange. Onrario. Entomological Society of Ontario. 40th Annual Report. 1909. By Exchange. UNITED STATES. New York. New York Entomological Society. Journal. Vol. XVIII, 1910. Purchased. PHILADELPHIA. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings. Vol. LI, Part 3, 1909, Vol. LII, Parts 1 and 2, 1910. By Exchange. Entomological News, Vol. X XI, 1910. By Exchange. WASHINGTON. Smithsonian Institution. Annual Report, 1909. United States National Museum. Proceedings. Vol. XXX VII, 1910. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Vol. XI, 1910. Purchased. AMERICA (SOUTH). BRAZIL. Para. Boletim do Museu Goeldi. Vol. VI, 1909. The Museum. Rio DE JANEIRO. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Tom. II, fasc. 2, 1910. The Instrtute. WEST INDIES. Barpavos. West Indian Bulletin. The Journal of the Imperial Agricul- tural Department for the West Indies. Vol. X, Parts 3 and 4; Vol. XI, Part 1. Agricultural News. Vol. IX, 1910. The Agricultural Department. ASIA. INDIA. BomBay. Natural History Society. Journal. Vol. XX, 1910. By Exchange, Cotomspo. Spolia Zeylandica. Vols. I-VI,1903-10. The Colombo Museum. Pusa. Report of the Agricultural Research Institute and College, Pusa, 1909-10. The India Office. List of Names used in India for Common Insects. Agric. Research Inst. Pusa, 1910. The India Office. (Sexe: |") AUSTRALASIA. New Zeavanp. New Zealand Institute. Transactions and Proceedings. Vol. XLIT, 1910. The Institute, PerTH. Journal Agricultural Department of West Australia. Vol. XVIII, 1910. The Socvety. SypNeEy. Linnean Society of New South Wales. Proceedings, 1910. By Exchange. HUROPH. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. Buparrst. Archivum Zoologicum. Vol. I, 1909-10. Lab. Zool. Hongrorse. Brinn. Verhand. der naturf. Vereines in Brinn. Bd. XLVII. By Exchange. VigenNA. K.-k. zoologische-botanische Verein (Gesellschaft) in Wien. Verhandlungen. Band LX, Heft. 1-8. By Exchange. Wiener entomologische Zeitung. Bd. X XIX, 1910. Purchased. BELGIUM. BrusseEts. Société Entomologique de Belgique. Annales. Vol. LIV, 1910. Mémoires. Vol. XVIII, 1910. By Exchange. FRANCE. CaEN. Société Francaise d’Entomologie. Revue. Tome XXVIII, Parts 3-6, 1909-10. Purchased. CuHatTrEaAuroux. Le Frélon. XVII, Parts 7-11, 1910. Purchased. Paris. Soc. Entom. de France. Annales, Vols. LX XVIII, Parts 3 and 4; LXXIX, Parts 1 and 2, 1910. By Exchange. Toutousr. Bulletin de la Soc. @’Hist. Nat. de Toulouse. Tome XLII, Parts 1-4, 1909. By Exchange. GERMANY. Bern. Deutsche entomologische Gesellschaft. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift. Bd. LIV, 1910. By Exchange. Deutsche entomologische National-Bibliothek. Band I, 1910. By Exchange. Entomologischer Verein in Berlin. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 1907-10. By Exchange. DRESDEN. ‘‘Iris.” Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift. Band XXIV. Beiheft 1, 1910. » By Exchange. Municu. Mitteilungen der Miinchner entomologischen Gesellschaft, 1910. The Publisher. STerTin. Entomologischer Verein. Entomologische Zeitung. Jahr. LXXI 1910. By Exchange. WIESBADEN. Nassauischer Verein fiir Naturkunde. Jahrbicher. Jahr. UXT, 1910: By Exchange. (abs O\A |) GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Griascow. The Glasgow Naturalist. Vol. I, 1908-09. The Publisher. LiveRPooL. Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society. 33rd Annual Report and Proceedings. 1910. The Soctety. Lonpon. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 1910. Purchased. Atheneum. 1910. The Publishers. Bulletin of Entomological Research. Part 1-4, 1910-11. Purchased. City of London Entomological and Natural History Society. Trans- actions. 1909. The Society. Entomologist (The). 1910. R. South. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine. 1910. The kdttors. Hntomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. Vol. XXII, 1910. Purchased. Linnean Society of London. Zoology, Transactions, Journal and Proceedings. 1910. By Exchange. Nature. 1910. The Publishers. Quekett Microscopical Club. Journal. 1910. The Club. Royal Agricultural Society. Journal. Vol. LX X, 1909. The Society. Royal Microscopical Society. Journal. 1910. By Exchange. Royal Society. Proceedings. 1910. By Exchange. Royal Society. Philosophical Transactions. 1910. South London Entomological and N. H. Society. Proceedings. 1909-10. The Society. Zoological Society. ‘Transactions and Proceedings. 1910. By Eachange. Zoologist (The). 1910.: The Publisher. MANCHESTER. Manchester Entomological Society, Reports for 1909 and 1910. The Society. HOLLAND. Tas Hacur. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. Jahr. 1910. By Exchange. Entomologische Berichten. Vol. II, Parts 49-54. 1909-10. By Exchange. ITALY. Portici. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria. Vol. IV, 1910. By Exchange. Portict and FroreNncre. Redia, Giornale de Entomologia. Vol. VI, Fase. 2, 1910. Purchased. PORTUGAL. S. Fier. Brotéria. Revista de Sciencias Naturaes do Collegio de 8. Fiel. | Vol, IX, 1910. Purchased. ( sexsaiaal ) RUSSIA. Moscow. Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Bulletin. 1909. By Exchange. Sr. Pererspure. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique., Tome XV, Parts 1, 2, 1910. I. D. Godman. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae. Tom. XXXIX, 1910. By Exchange. Revue Russe d’Entomologie. Tome IX, 1909. “Tables générales des publications” of the Russian Entomological Society. 1859-1908. 1910. The Society. SWEDEN. SrockHorm. Arkiv for Zoologi. Vol. VI, 1910. By Exchange. Entomologisk Tidskrift. Arg. 31. 1910. By Exchange. SWITZERLAND. GENKVA. Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle. Mémoires. Vol. XXXVII, Fasc. 2-4, 1910. By Exchange. SCHAFFHAUSEN and BERNE. Schweizerische entomologische Gesellschaft. Mittheilungen. Bd. XII, Hft. 1, 1910. By Eachange. ERRATA. TRANSACTIONS. Page 3, line 13 from bottom, for sctntzlulla read sctntillula. Page 481, line 11 from top, for Antizera read Actezera. Page 494, top line, for Antzzera read Actizera. Also in legend of Plates LII, LIX, LX, for Antizera read Actizera. PROCEEDINGS. Page xxi, line 12 from top, for augustatus read angustatus. THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON OR amiss Wiip ILQi@, Wednesday, February 2nd, 1910. Dr. F. A. Dixty, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Nomination of Vice-Presidents. THe PRESIDENT anncunced that he had nominated as Vice- Presidents for the Session 1910-1911 Professor T. Hupson Brare, B.Sc., F.R.S.E., Mr. G. T. Beraune-Baxer, F.Z.S., and Mr. H. Rownanp-Brown, M.A. Hlection of Fellows. Mr. Epwarp Morrett Hoximes, of Ruthven, Sevenoaks ; Mr. E. G. Josspus, of Lincoln College, Oxford; Mr. Ernest Cooprr Joy, of 2, St. Kilda’s Road, Stoke Newington, N. ; Mr. Joun J. Warp, of Rusinurbe House, Somerset Road, Coventry; and Mr. Frank C. Wixtcocks, Entomologist to the Khedivial Agricultural Society, of Cairo, Egypt, were elected Fellows of the Society. Entomological Congress, 1910. Dr. M. Burr gave an account of the forthcoming Entomo- logical Congress to be held in August next, and appealed to PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., I., 11. 1910. A ca) all Fellows for their support, as well as to the Local Natural History Societies throughout the United Kingdom. He men- tioned also that the County Council of Hssex were sending a delegate, and he hoped that the other Counties would recognise in the same way the value of the services to be rendered to science by the Congress. Mr. F. Mrrririexp, as an official of the East and West Sussex County Councils, said the subject would undoubtedly be con- sidered by those bodies, and probably by others interested, and Dr. K. JorpAn gave an outline of the programme of papers already arranged to be delivered. Entomological Society of Russia. The SEcRETARY said that a letter had been received from the Entomological Society of Russia, inviting the Society to send a delegate to the forthcoming Jubilee Celebration in St. Petersburg. The PrestpentT having intimated that the Council would be glad to receive the name of any Fellow able to undertake the journey, on the motion of Mr. J. W. Turt, seconded by Mr. H. RowzAnp-Brown, it was resolved unanimously to send a letter of congratulation to the Society in honour of the occasion. KHexhibitions. CoLLECTING IN THE RHONE VALLEY.—Mr. JoHn ALDERSON, who was present as a visitor, exhibited the results of six weeks’ collecting in the Rhone Valley, Switzerland, in May and June last, representative in all of one hundred and two species of Rhopalocera. New Earwie From Borneo.—Dr. K. Jorpan exhibited two specimens of the new kind of earwig, Arivenia esau, lately described by him in Noy. Zool., p. 313, Pl. xvi-xviii (1909). The insect was discovered in the breast-pouch of a specimen of the “naked bat” obtained in Sarawak. Under the micro- scope were shown the mandible and maxilla of Arixenia, together with the mandible of Hemimerus. A. CONVENIENT METHOD OF StoriING BuTTerFLins IN Paper EwveLores.— Mr. E. EK. Green sent for exhibition boxes (ant) to illustrate a convenient method of storing butterflies in paper envelopes. This consists of a box made of tin-plate, with: partitions dividing it into trough-shaped spaces, as shown in the accompanying figures. The triangular envelopes rest edgeways in the troughs. The box is fitted with two lids— above and below. Fig. 1 shows a box with the upper lid removed and the lower one in place. The box measures 9 in. by 6 in. by 3 in. i, TT 3 | ‘el A} | i 1 ny HNUAUUILAGOONANSOMZAURUOANONDL Ties Tk The upper space contains a single trough (a), and carries ‘envelopes with a base of 5# inches. Fig. la represents the reverse of the same box, with two smaller troughs (0, c) to contain envelopes of half the size. Fig. 2 shows a box of the same size, but designed for the smaller-sized envelopes alone, and containing four troughs (d, e, f, 9). A 2 va) Fig. 3 is a larger box, of just double the depth of the others, measuring 9 in. by 6 in. by 6 in, with a diagonal partition forming a single trough above and below (h, 2), capable of carrying envelopes of a larger size. rye a, y ( | (In Figs. 1a, 2 and 3, the two lids have been omitted, for sake of clearness.) j Wie, DB WiGy We [a em These boxes are designed for three sizes of envelopes, which gives a sufficient range for butterflies of any size. Size | is made from a rectangle 8 in. by 5 in. Size 2, from a rect- angle 6 in. by 4in. Size 3, from a rectangle measuring 4 in. by 22 in. (lay) It is found, in practice, that a box made according to Fig. 1 will carry—without overcrowding—from 100 to 130 full envelopes in the larger trough, and from 175 to 200 in each of the two smaller spaces. Design 2 will hold, in each of the four spaces, 225 Lycaenidae, making a total of 900 insects, Design 3 will hold 75 or more filled envelopes in each of the two spaces. For convenience of examination, the insects should be arranged in families: the genera alphabetically in each family, JX iW ys ) | i Fie. 3. and the species alphabetically in each genus, Subsequent additions can be slipped into their places without disturbing those already in position. To keep the envelopes in place, when the troughs are only partly occupied, triangular blocks of cork—about } in. thick—can,be employed. For use as collecting boxes, the troughs can be charged with empty envelopes, and the cork triangles will serve as markers to separate off the unused envelopes as they are filled. The boxes illustrated are of the simplest design—as made by a local tinsmith in Ceylon. They can be improved by a coating of black japan on the outside, Gu} A narrow partition of perforated zinc, as in the one executed by Messrs. Watkins and Doncaster, may be fixed at one end of each trough, to contain a bag of naphthalin: the lids hinged, and fastened with a spring clasp. Mr. Green in his letter communicating the above said that he had found that envelopes stored in this way occupy very much less space than if placed haphazard in a plain box, and that the insects are less liable to damage. The ease with which any individual specimen can be found instantly is a convenience that cannot be overestimated. He had over 6000 butterflies stored in this manner, the collection occupying only a dozen of these small boxes which, being of uniform size, can be stacked in quite a limited space. DIscussION OF THE AFFINITIES oF AGRIADES THETIS (BELLARGUS) AND A. CORIDON, The discussion of the affinities of Agriades thetis (bellargus) and A. coridon, adjourned from the December meeting, was resumed by Mr. J. W. Turt, who exhibited five cabinet drawers of the two species demonstrating in particular the several forms of A. coridon as occurring in the Palaearctic region. He pointed out in some detail the nearness of the two Agriadid species in the structure of their eggs, larvae, pupae, imagines, especially noting in the latter case the similarity in the g genitalia. Observing that it had generally been assumed that closely-allied species had been maintained if not developed by the setting up of some effective boundary in their environ- ment or morphological structure, resulting in isolation, it was remarkable that no such boundaries could be found in these species. Not only was their environment similar, their morphological structure almost identical, but their actual range * was practically the same. } The facts of their distribution appeared capable of tabulation as follows :— * Mr. Bethune-Baker has two undoubted ¢ A. coridon in his collection sent from America, and supposed to come from Arizona. The species is not known otherwise as American, the two examples havea quite Kuropean facies, and the discontinuous distribution involved in the supposition that they are N, American is very remarkable, We suspect some error. da We 1 (Ci favaals >) A, thetis into Mauretania (without 2 ° A, coridon). SOUTHERN’ HANGH——85) Nv lat. A, coridon into Syria (without 4. thetis). (Both species occur on the north shores of the Mediterranean, in Spain, Italy, Greece and Asia Minor. ) HASTERN RANGE—50° E. long.— Both species in Persia. A, thetis the Ufa dist. 56° N. lat., 55° HE. long. IGTET-IN/NSTUTSIRIS) TRANISICDL A. coridon the Orenburg dist. 55° N. lat., | 55°-59° EK. long. es : A, thetis—56° N. lat. in the Ufa dist. NORMANS RANGE: A. coridon—57° N. lat. in the Viatka dist. (Both species then fall to 53° N. lat. in Northern Germany, A. thetis extending into Denmark (without A. coridon), both pass into Belgium and then into England to about 52° N. lat. (4. thelis) and 53° N. lat. (A. coridon).) WESTERN RANGE.—The Atlantic littoral for both species, in England, France and Spain. One quite appreciates the value of a ‘‘ physiological factor ” as an effective “isolation” barrier. This cannot arise over the foodplant which, in Britain, and certainly in most con- tinental localities is restricted to Huppocrepis comosa. Zeller has recorded (Stett. Ent. Ztg.) Coronilla varia as the foodplant of A. coridon, but Krodel asserts (Allg. Zeits. fiir Hnt.) that larvae of A. coridon that he had, preferred to starve rather than eat C. varia, although feeding ravenously again as soon as H. comosa was obtainable. The larva of A. thetis, too, is reported as refusing to feed on anything but H. comosa. We have already dealt with the long lists of reputed food- plants of these species (possibly nearly all erroneous) in A Natural History of the British Butterflies, vols. iii and iv. But two ‘‘ isolating” factors occur in the habits of the species :— (1) A. thetis hybernates as larva in the 8rd instar. A. coridon hyber- nates as fully-formed larva inside the eggshell, and does not hatch till about end of March. (2) A. thetis is throughout its whole range double-brooded, not failing in its most northern habitats. 4. coridon is [with the exception of a limited area on the Riviera, and possibly in some lowlying (coast) districts of Italy and Spain] single-brooded. The result of these factors is such that the single brood of A, coridon (July-September), roughly falls between the two broods of A. thetis (May-June and August—October), with (sit) considerable overlapping of the later A. coridon, and the earlier second brood examples of A. ¢hetis in late August and September. This overlapping has led to a remarkable result, for there can be little doubt that occasional cross-pairings take place (teste Sabine). Many are recorded in other butterfly species (see A Nat. Hist. Brit. Lep., vol. v, chap. i, “ Mongrelisation and Hybridisation in Lepidoptera”), but these are from one case or other inoperative or ineffective in nature. In these two species, however, there can be no doubt that natural hybrids occasionally result, to which the identity of habitat, overlapping in time of appearance, similarity in habitat, almost structural identity of genitalia, actual identity of food- plant, all contribute. The first of these hybrids was described by Zeller (Stett. Ent. Ztg., 1845), from Posen, as polonus, and is now in the Brit. Mus. coll. Two others were known to Zeller. The other known examples are :— (1) Kerasdere, June 28rd, 1875, Staudinger (Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., xiv, p. 244), (2) Pomeranian border of Silesia, Staudinger (Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross.). (3) Cuxton, Kent, May 20th, 1893, Tutt (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894). (4) Airolo, Ticino, June 1907, Dadd (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1908). (5-6) Pyrenees, June 25th, 1907, Keynes (Hint. Rec., xx., p. 178). (7) Plain of Mugnone, end July, Stefanelli (Bull. Soc. Hnt. Ital., xxxii, p. 339). (8) Fiesole, early August, Stefanelli (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., xxxii, p. 339). (9) Chateau de la Batiaz, Favre (AMtt. Schw. Ent. Gesell., xi, supp. p. 4) (10) Vernet les Bains, Oberthiir (Htudes, xx, p. 21), (11) Cauterets, Oberthiir (Htudes, xx, p. 21). (12) ? Bella Tola, 1878, Forbes (Ent. Mo. Mag., xv, p. 277). (13) Digne, Muschamp (Hn. Kec., xxii, p. 30). (14) Pfyn, July 1900, Rosa (Hnt., xxxv, p. 96). (15) Brides-les-Bains, July 19th, 1904, Reverdin (Hnt. Rec., xxii, p. 30). : (16) Brides-les-Bains, July 1st, 1891, Blachier (Ent. Rec., xxii, p. 30). (17) Bois-des-Freres, Geneva, Blachier (Znt. Rec., xxii, p. 30). (18) Foot of the Saleve, Blachier (Hnt. Rec., xxii, p. 30). (19) Feistenberg, June 19th, 1900, Presseicker (as hafneri, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1908, p. 68). (20) Oberfeld, near Wippach, June 28th, 1907, Presseicker (as hafneri, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1908, p. 68). (21) Shar Deresy, North Syria (see Tutt, Ent. Rec., xxii, p. 30). (22-26) Assisi, June and July 1909, Wheeler (Hnt. Rec., xxi, p. 250). . ( ix ) Only one 9 is known. This is in our own collection, and was captured at Neu Spondinig, August 12th, 1909. The ds have been recorded under various names—caucasica, cory- donius, hafneri, ete. Great trouble has occurred owing to Staudinger in his Catalog, having erroneously referred the bright blue Asia Minor forms—caucasica, Led., corydonius, H.-Sch., syriaca, Tutt, and the Spanish form—/ispana, H..-Sch.—to polonus, Zell., as a variety of A. thetis, whilst retaining the various names for other forms to which the names were not originally given. This confusion we have already cleared up in A Nat. Hist. of the British Lepidoptera, vols. x. and x1. The general variation of the two Agriadids is well known, as is also the parallelism of the forms in the 9s. ‘This latter is very remarkable, and extends from 9?s entirely brown without markings on the upper side (A. thetis ab. wnicolor, Tutt; <A. coridon ab. unicolor, Tutt) to forms well-banded with orange lunules (A. thetis ab. marginata, Tutt ; A. coridon ab. awrantia, Tutt), and in another direction to forms in which the surface of the wings is so entirely blue-scaled that they might be mistaken for ¢s (A. thetis ab. coelestis, Obth.; A. coridon ab. excelsa, 'Tutt). The extreme forms of blue-scaled s sometimes occur discontinuously without intermediates. At other times they occur with well-defined intermediate blue- scaled aberrations. It may be advisable to note that the bluest gs of A. thetis occur either in spring or in those autumns following summers in which the meteorological conditions have been bad during the feeding-up of the summer brood. The bluest 9s of A. coridon similarly occur either among the very latest that put in an appearance, or after wet and cold summers, or in bleak and exposed places ; in some localities, e.g., Royston Heath, Herts, the semisyngrapha form is almost racial, The racial forms of A. thetis are very restricted :— (1) var. punctifera, Obth.—Mauretania and Spain. (2) var. coelestis, Obth.—-Western France, is almost racial in the 9. The racial forms of A, coridon, chiefly confined to its most Co) south-western (Spain) and south-eastern (Asia Minor, Syria, etc.) habitats are most interesting, and show a remarkable parallelism in development, whilst not at all tending to become identical. This parallelism is shown chiefly in the coloration of the ¢s. In the south-western and south-eastern areas, the following parallelism in the forms occur :— COLOUR, BRIGHT BLUE (APPROACHING THAT OF A. THRETIS). var, caucasica, Led.—Caucasus. SOUTH-EASTERN RACES 4 var. corydonius, H.-Sch.—Taurus mts. var. syriaca, 'Tutt.—Lebanon mts. SOUTH-WESTERN RACE var. hispana, H.-Sch.—Aragon, etc. COLOUR, PALE, var. olympica, Led.—Brussa, Amasia, Shar Deresy (North Syria). var. arragonensis, Gerh.— Aragon, ab. caerulescens, Tutt (albicans, H.-Sch.).— Aragon. | var, albicans, Bdy.—Sierra Nevada. SOUTH-EASTERN RACE SOUTH-WESTERN RACES Little is yet known of the Rivieran races, of which three have recently been brought forward :— (1) var. meridionalis, Tutt.—Hyeres, Draguignan, Ste. Maxime, etc. April-May. (2) var. constanti, Reverdin (not yet published).—Pardigon, Canadel, Cavalaire. April. (8) var. rezniceki, Bartel.—Italian Riviera, Nice, Mentone. June. The first-named seems to be the general variety or local race throughout the Riviera, the two others localised forms of this race so that Reverdin suggests the names should be applied aS :— | var. meridionalis, Tutt, forma constanti, Reverdin (dark underside). % ies forma rezniceki, Bartel (pale underside). Besides these in certain parts of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bosnia, etc., a form with very wide marginal band, extending to the discoidal along the costa, becomes racial, although, in England, France, Switzerland and most parts of Central Kurope it occurs only aberrationally. This is var. (e¢ ab.) marginata, Tutt (1896) | =borussia, Dadd (1909)). The normal underside spotting is very similar in both species, and its modifications almost identical. The underside form of A. coridon, with only discoidal and marginal spots en) present = corydonis, Bergstr., was erroneously printed corydonius in the Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1909, p. Ixxx. Exhibitions were also made by Mr. G. T. Beruune-BakEr of varieties of A. coridon from Spain, Greece, Syria, Asia Minor, and Persia, and of A. thetis (bellargus) from Algeria, Greece, and Persia; by the Rev. GEorar WHEELER of examples from Italy and Central Europe, and by Miss M. H. Fountains of A. coridon var. olympica, taken by herself at Amasia, Asia Minor, and of 4A. thetis var. syriaca from the Lebanon. At the end of Mr. Turt’s remarks, the discussion was con- tinued by Mr. A. L. Raywarp, Mr. Haminron H. Drucs, the Rev. G. WHEELER, Dr. T. A. CoHapman, Mr. W. G. SHELDON, Mr. H. Rownanp-Brown, Miss Founraine, and other Fellows, the PRESIDENT paying a special tribute to Mr. Turi’s lucid explanation and diagnosis of the various forms of the two closely-allied butterflies. Paper. Dr. Matcotm Burr, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.Z.S., communicated a paper entitled, ‘‘ A Revision of the Labiduridae, a Family of the Dermaptera.” Wednesday, March 2nd, 1910. Dr. F. A. Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.B.S., President, in the Chair. Obituary. A vote of sympathy and condolence was passed unanimously with the family of the late Epwarp Saunpmrs, F.R.S., and of the late GEorGE Wiuuis Kirkaupy, Fellows of the Society. The decease was announced, also, of GkorGE CarTER BIGNELL and ALBERT PirrarD, Fellows of the Society. Entomological Society of Russia. It was announced that the Society would be represented at the forthcoming Jubilee Celebration of the Entomological Society of Russia by Dr. Matcotm Burr, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.Z.8., ete., and that he would deliver the following address of con- gratulation -— (xa) ‘To tHE ENTOMOoLOGICAL Society oF Russia. “The Entomological Society of London offers its most cordial congratulations to its colleagues of St. Petersburg on the occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of the Entomological Society of Russia. During the years that have elapsed since the entomologists of Russia constituted them- selves as an organised body, the science to which the Societies of London and St. Petersburg are equally devoted, has made unexampled progress. The scientific value of entomological study and research is now universally recognised. The light which has been shed by the labours of entomologists upon questions of general biology, especially in the department of bionomics, is of the highest importance; and the services rendered by the economic branches of our science have been, and will continue to be, of the utmost benefit to civilisation. In all these forms of scientific activity the Entomological Society of Russia, illuminated by many great names, has borne a worthy part, and the Entomological Society of London gladly welcomes the present opportunity of offering to its brethren in Russia this expression of hearty goodwill, and of congratulating them on their successful pursuit of a science which will do much to encourage and foster the Comity of Nations. “On behalf of the Entomological Society of London, “HW, A. Dixny, M.A., M.D., F.B.S., President. “H. Rownanp Brown, M.A., ‘‘Comm. James J. Wanker, M.A., R.N., F.LS,, Secretaries. “ Feb, 28, 1910.” Election of a Fellow. Mr. Joun C. Eates-Wuits, of 47, Chester Terrace, Haton Square, S.W., was elected a Fellow of the Society. Kahibitions. LycaENID AND ARrGyNNID Forms.—Mr. W. G. SHELDON exhibited various forms of Agriades (Polyommatus) coridon from Southern Europe, including A. var. arragonensis, and its form caerulescens from Albarracin, Spain; also a pair of ( xiii) Brenthis selene from La Granja and a pair of B. hecate from Hungary, showing the remarkable approximation of the two species in the markings of the under-side. Association oF Ants.—Mr. H. Sr. J. Donistoorpr brought for exhibition a case containing a small nest of about 30-40 58 living examples of Formica rufibarbis, var. fusco-rufibarbis, from Whitsand Bay, August 1909, into which had been introduced a queen of Yormica rufa from Nethy Bridge (May 1909). The queen had been accepted by the other ants in a few days. Mate BrerLe with FemaLte ANTENNAE.—Mr. C. O. WatvER- HOUSE, on behalf of Mr. J.C. Moutron, of the Sarawak Museum, exhibited a Longicorn beetle of the genus Chloridolum, in which the right antenna was much shorter than the left. The specimen appeared to be a male in every respect except in the length of the right antenna, the joints of which were a trifle shorter than those of a female. Mr. Movuttron was inclined to think the specimen might be gynandromorphous. Mr. WATERHOUSE suggested that it might rather be regarded as a malformation. | TERATOLOGICAL EXAMPLE OF A Bretur.—Mr. W. E. SHarp exhibited an example of Calathus mollis, having the right anterior tibiae and tarsus in triplicate. He said that such reduplication was not uncommon, but that it was seldom so perfect in detail. The occurrence raised the whole question of the cause of the reduplication of such parts, whether it was due to hereditary defect, or to external stimulus exciting cell reduplication. A discussion followed in which Professor H. B. Povtton, F.R.S., Dr. T. A. CHapman, Mr. J. W. Tutt, the Rev. F. D. Moricr, and Professor Hupson-BEaRrE and other Fellows participated. ZYGAENID Forms.—Mr. L. W. Newman showed a case contain- ing the following forms of Zygaena hippocrepidis, all taken in June 1908 in one small field in the neighbourhood of Bristol, by Mr. H. J. Smallcombe: (a) analogous to A. filipendulae, var. chrysanthemt, (6 and c) examples with the normal carmine coloration replaced by yellow, analogous to A. jfilipendulae, ab. flava, Robson, and by pink; and (d) an example with yellowish spots, otherwise normal. Also a specimen of Z. lonicerae captured at the same place, with the markings broadly confluent. (i exciivann) Lastocampip Nests.—Mr. G. Brtuune-Baxer brought for exhibition three nests of a species of Lasiocampid moth from Mount Elgon, Albert Nyanza, belonging to the same group as Thaumatopoea processionea. He had been consulted relative to the possibilities of using the silk of which the long pouch- like ‘‘nests” were constructed. Mr. G. A. K. Marswatn said that they belonged to a species of Anaphe. Professor EK. B. Pouurton, F.R.S., read the following— PreviminaRy Note on Mr. A. D. MiLiar’s EXPERIMENTAL BREEDING OF FORMS OF THE NYMPHALINE GENUS HURALIA IN Narat.—By Rotanp Trimen, M.A., F.R.S. There are three forms of Euralia which inhabit the coast-— land of Natal, vid. H. wahlbergi, Wallengr., EH. mima, Trim., and J. deceptor, Trim. The first and second of these, without being numerous, are met with not uncommonly ; the third, first brought to notice in 1869, and described by me in 1873 from a single ¢, has hitherto remained very rare in the Colony. Hach of the three forms in both sexes unmistakably and very closely mimics a Danaine of the genus Amauris prevalent in the same district :—thus, H. wahlbergi mimics A. neavius, sub-sp. dominicanus, Trim.; H. mima mimics A. albimaculata, Butl., as well as A. echeria, Stoll.; and #. decepior mimics A, ochlea, Boisd. The intimate affinity of the three Huraliae is apparent, although their wing colouring and marking present such wide differences. To this I called atten- tion when describing (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1873, p. 107 and foot- note) 4. deceptor, as well as to the fact that HL. mima ¢ and i. wahlbergi 2 had been taken paired.* Since then Mr. A. D. Millar, Mr. C. N. Barker, Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall, Mr. G. F. Leigh, and other entomological observers in Natal have brought to notice several other cases of the pairing of these two forms, and also various details of habits, distribution, etc., which sup- ported the view of their species-identity. Recently Mr. Millar, having discovered the foodplant—a stinging-nettle recognised by Mr. J. Medley Wood as a species of Fleurya—has been enabled to test matters by breeding from ova laid respectively by a wahlbergi, a mima, and two deceptor. These four 2 9? were all taken towards the end of March 1909—the wahlbergi * See also ‘‘South Afr. Butt.,” I, pp. 282, 283 and 285 (1887). a) and the two deceptor on the 21st, and the mzma between that date and the 26th. The results were as follows, viz.— (a) From 10 ova laid by one wahlbergi were bred 4 wahlbergi (2 ¢ 6,1 9, 1 deformed, sex undetermined), and 5 mima (BN) (6) From 39 ova laid by one mma were bred 338 mima (24 3 ¢,9 2 9). (c) From 139 ova laid by two deceptor were bred 127 deceptor (70 6 6,57 2 @). Experiment (a) proves the species-identity of wahlbergi and mima; while experiment (6) seems to indicate the probable predominance—as in the case of the ? forms of Papilio dardanus, sub-sp. cenea—of the models Amauris echerta and albimaculata in affecting the mimetic pattern and colouring. Experiment (c) affords no evidence of deception belonging to the same species as the other two forms, all the bred examples of both sexes being recorded by Mr. Millar as true to type. The case of Huralia wahlbergs and mima is in agreement with that of Charaxes zoolina and neanthes* as regards the dimorphism including both sexes; but there is a striking difference to be observed, in that the double mimicry so highly developed in both sexes of the Hwralia finds no place in the Charaxes, whose colouring in both forms, but especially in neanthes, is by no means conspicuous and on the under-side apparently cryptic. Mr. Millar has furnished photographs of the three sets of Huraha progeny bred by him, with many most valuable details as to transformations, etc., and also a selection of specimens of the larvae, pupae, and imagines. With all these data I propose to deal fully in a later communication to the Society. * See Mr. G. F. Leigh’s interesting account (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. for 21st October, 1908, p. lxiv, and 6th October, 1909, p. xlix) of his experi- mental breeding of these forms from the ova. + Since the meeting on 2nd inst., I have received from Mr. A. D. Millar the result of a second experiment in breeding from the ova of the mma form, differing remarkably from that of the first (b) described above. From a 2 mima’s 11 ova, laid on 21st November, 1909, were bred 8 mima (5 $ 6,8 2 ?)and 3 wahlbergi (3 38). This rounds off the case very satisfactorily. Asin result (a), the wahlbergi and mima of this last family are respectively all true to type, and not one example is at all intermediate between the two forms,—R. Trimen, March 15, 1910. (Oxi) Professor Pounton reminded the Fellows of Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall’s conclusion that #. wahlbergi and mima were forms of the same species (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, pp. 491, 492), and of the exhibition of specimens relied on as evidence (June 6, 1906: Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1906, pp. liti, liv). He felt that Mr. A. D. Millar was to be greatly congratulated on his success in obtaining this long-wished-for proof of a most important and probably far-reaching conclusion. Professor PouLton considered that the uniform offspring of the mima parent (b) could not be explained in the same manner as the predominant cenea offspring of P. dardanus in Natal; for according to Mr. G. F. Leigh (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1906, p. lvii) méma is the rarer of the two forms in Natal, whereas in the same area cenea is by far the commonest of the dardanus females. The comparison of the results obtained by Mr. Millar in (a) and (b) suggested a Mendelian relationship between the two forms.* It was interesting to compare the records of two broods obtained from /Hypolimnas misippus (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1909, pp. xxxvi, xxxvii). Professor PouLton also exhibited a set of 6 Huralia anthedon, Doubl., and 4 H. dubia, Beauv., captured in the same locality, Oni, 70 miles east of Lagos, by Dr. W. A. Lamborn (Dec. 1908— Dec. 1909). Anthedon was the western representative of wahlbergi, dubia of mima, and now, after the proof obtained by Mr. Millar, it became almost certain that the western butterflies also were the dimorphic forms of a single species. He trusted that Dr. Lamborn would be able to obtain indis- putable proof of this conclusion. Professor Poutron considered that it was convenient at this point to correct an error for which he was responsible in Rev. K. St. Aubyn Rogers’ paper in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1908, p. 489. Huralia kirbyt, Butl., mentioned and figured (Pl. XX VII, fig. 5) in this memoir, was not a distinct species, but the male * Since the date of the meeting I have had the chance of discussing the facts with Mr. L. Doncaster, who agrees that the two forms are probably a Mendelian pair, but considers that we have not at present sufficient evidence to decide whether wahlbergi or mima is dominant. Mr. Doncaster agrees that the last result, recorded by Mr. Trimen in the foot-note on p. xv, makes it probable, but by no means certain, that mima is the dominant.—E. B. Pouuron, March 21,1910. (Giteeval 2) of H. deceptor, Trim. The specimens sent by Mr. St. Aubyn Rogers had been compared with the British Museum collection in 1907, when the males stood under kirby7, the females under deceptor. When, however, in 1909, a number of the specimens of deceptor bred by Mr. Millar were examined, the error became manifest. In the mean time the mistake had been independently detected and set right in the collection of the British Museum. The male of LH. deceptor was described by Mr. Trimen in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 105, and both sexes in “ South African Butterflies,” 1887, 1, p.286. The male was described by Dr. A. G. Butler as kirby? in P.Z.S., 1898, p. 51. Professor Pounton exhibited the female of Apatwropsis cleocharis, Hew., taken Feb. 1, 1909, by Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton on the outskirts of Mt. Chirinda Forest (3,800 ft.), Melsetter, Gazaland, 8.H. Rhodesia. The exhibitor did not know of another example of the female of this rare butterfly, which differs from the male to a remarkable extent, being far larger and possessing a rounded hindwing without the produced anal angle which is so characteristic of the opposite sex. Professor Poulton also exhibited an example of the male captured by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, Oct. 19, 1905, in the same locality. Papers, ete. The following papers, also, were read :— “Third Paper on the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum,” by J. L. Hancock, M.D. “Descriptions of new Algerian Hymenoptera-Aculeata (Sphegidae),”’ by the late Enwarp Saunpers, F.R.S., and the Rev. F. D. Moricr, M.A. “On Zizeeria, Chpmn. (= Zizera, Moore), a group of Lycae- nid Butterflies,” by Dr. T. A. Coapman, M.D., F.Z.S. ‘Further notes on two Osmia species of the adunca group,” by the Rey. F. D. Moricz, M.A. ‘““A Few Words respecting Insects and their Natural Enemies,” by ArtHur G. Burimr, Ph.D., F.LS., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. The Rey. F. D. Moricr, M.A., also delivered an address ‘On the Saws of Saw-flies,” illustrated by many lantern slides prepared and arranged by him. PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., I., 11. 1910. B (Ci) expat, ) Wednesday, March 16th, 1910. Dr. F. A. Drxny, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Address to the Entomological Socwety of Russia. Dr. Matcoum Burr, D.Sc., gave the following account of his reception in St. Petersburg by the Entomological Society of Russia, to whom he had presented the Address of Congratula- tion, published at the last meeting. The Entomological Society of Russia, one of the oldest scientific bodies in the Empire, celebrated its Jubilee on February 26th (Old Style) = March 11th (New Style), in the Ministry of Agriculture, at St. Petersburg. The chair was taken by the venerable President, Pétr Petrovich Semenoff-Tian-Shansky, the eminent explorer and traveller in Central Asia, discoverer of the Tian-Shan Moun- tains, President also of the Russian Imperial Geographical Society, and member of the Imperial State Council. There were also present Mr. Kozloff, another distinguished explorer in Central Asia, Colonel G. V. Kakhovsky, an enthusiastic coleopterist who has made important collections in Abyssinia, Professors Rimsky-Korsakoff, Inostranstseff, and Shimkievich; Academicians Borodnik, and Karpinski, Prince Massulsky, Mr. Dostoievsky, secretary of the Russian Imperial Geographical Society and kinsman of the famous author, Messrs. Alferaki, Adelung, Bianki, Skarikoff, Kuznetsoff, and E. E. Groum- Grgimailo, lepidopterist and zoogeographer. The President opened the proceedings by reading a letter from H.I.H. Grand Duke Nicolas Mikhailovich, regretting his inability to attend personally, and sending greetings to the Society with his congratulations upon its fiftieth anni- versary. The President then greeted the Society, and especially congratulated Baron Th. R. von Osten-Sacken, the only surviving original member. — One of the Hon. Secretaries, Mr. G. G. Jacobson, then gave a brief outline of the Society’s history, after which the Vice- President, Mr. Andre Petrovich Semenoff-Tian-Shansky, one (yi sais }) of the foremost Entomologists in Russia, scarcely less dis- tinguished by his work upon the Chrysididae and Dermatoptera of the Russian fauna than by his studies upon the Coleoptera, read a paper upon the scientific achievements and literature published by the Society. The Secretary then announced the names of the Honorary Members elected in celebration of the Jubilee. Delegates from various institutions next presented their addresses. The only foreigner present, Dr. Malcolm burr, congratulated the Society on behalf of the Linnean, Entomo- logical, and Zoological Societies of London, and presented their Addresses. The references in the Addresses to the bonds of scientific good-fellowship which does so much to promote the comity of nations, were received with enthusiasm by the meet- ing, and in accepting the Addresses, the President charged Dr. Malcolm Burr to convey to the Council and Fellows of the Societies which he represented their deep appreciation of the compliment paid by English men of science in sending a repre- sentative so far, and his hearty concurrence in the value of such international courtesies in the scientific world, which strengthened the bonds uniting friendly peoples. Dr. Poppius and Prof. Sahlberg, Delegates of the Finnish Geological Society and University of Helsingfors, read an Address in French, after which followed a number of Addresses from numerous Russian and learned bodies and Institutions of Agriculture and Forestry. Mr. Oscar J. Jon, Assastant Hon. Secretary, then proceeded to read very many letters and telegrams of congratulations from all parts of the world including the Rothschild Museum at ‘Tring, the Senckenburgische Naturforschergesellschaft, and the Naturforscherverein of Steiermark, the Royal Society of Naples, and the Entomological Societies of Belgium, Holland, Bohemia, Ontario, Switzerland, and Bulgaria, the University of Upsala, the New York Academy of Sciences, the Smithsonian Institution of Washington, the Indian Museum of Calcutta, the “Iris” Society of Dresden, the Geological Society of France, and from very numerous private individuals. B 2 ( xx ) The Society and its guests were then photographed, and after some light refreshments, the meeting terminated. In the evening, the delegates were entertained at a banquet as guests of the Russian Society. Numerous speeches were made, one of the most striking of which was that of Mr. Kuznetsoff, Editor of the Revue russe dEntomologie, who spoke in admirable English, addressing his remarks through Dr. Burr to the English nation, ever leaders, as he said, in action and in thought. Since Newton laid his foundation of Modern Mathematics and Darwin revolutionized the theory of modern Biology, he said, England has continued to pour forth many leaders of Science, and in the domain of Entomology, Stainton, MacLachlan, Saunders, Poulton, Dixey and Tutt. Dr. Burr briefly thanked him on behalf of his fellow-countrymen. Election of Fellows. Mr. Epmonp Wacer Carurer, M.Sc., M.D., F.R.S.E., of the University, Birmingham; Mr. Herserr ALFRED GREEN, of the Central Fire Station, Durban, Natal; Mr. Puimip Har- woop, of 23, Northgate Hnd, Bishop’s Stortford; Mr. J. Henpersoy, of Clifton, Ashbourne, Derby; Mr. Lione, Lesiir Jacoss, Shelford, Copers Cope Road, Beckenham; Mr. Wiz- LIAM Larpiaw, 73, Endsleigh Gardens, Ilford, Hssex, and 74, Great Tower Street, E.C.; Mr. H. 8S. Lerau, of the University, Manchester ; Mr. F. Granam Miwuar, of Seafield, Batu Tiga, Selangor; Mr. Francis Atucock OnipaKer, M.A., of the Red House, Haslemere; Mr. AryaprA Raman Print, Trivandrum, India, and 13, Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh; Professor RrGinaLp CrunpaLL Punnett, M.A., of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; and Mr. James M. Wiuuiams, F. R. Scort, G.S., of the Howard Motor Garage, Cardiff, and Canford Clitfs, Hants, were elected Fellows of the Society. Hahrbitions. Ant anp Mimic Brserte.—Mr. H. Sr. J. DonistHoRPE exhibited examples of Cremastogaster scutellaris 00, Colobopsis truncatus 33,and a beetle Yormicomus pedestris, a good mimic of the latter ant, all taken in virgin cork ab Kew, May 1909. (CPS Living Exampites or HoLoparAmMecus.—Commander J. J. Waker, R.N., exhibited living specimens of Holoparamecus caularum, Aubé, taken commonly in haystack refuse at Water Eaton, Oxon., on the 14th of March. Ova AND APPENDAGES oF TapinostoLa.—Mr. H. M. EpretsteEn brought for exhibition photographs of the anal appendages of TZ'apinostola hellmanni, T. concolor, and 7. fulva, showing their remarkable similarity ; also ova of the same species in situ. The photographs were the work of Mr. H. Main, and Mr. A. E. Tonge. Rare Brirish ConeopTErA.—Dr. G. W. NicHonson showed a specimen of Dyschirius augustatus, Ahrens, from Littlestone, Kent, taken in July 1906; two specimens of Bembidium 4- pustulatum, Dj., taken at Pulborough in June 1909 ; and two specimens of Conosoma bipunctatum, Gr., found by Mr. Jennings and himself at Broxbourne, Essex, in January of this year. Nores oN Brep Specimens or CatLopurys Avis.—Dr. T. A. CHAPMAN exhibited series of Callophrys avis bred this spring together with series of C. rubt. In order to get C. avis for- ward he had placed them at the beginning of February at a temperature of 70° to 72° Fahr. He said a curious circum- stance was that two specimens emerged four days after being brought from a temperature of 46°, one five days after, two six days after, two seven days after, and so on. It seems certain that those emerging so soon after removal to a warmer temperature must already have made much advance to matur- ity at the lower:temperature, possibly much earlier in the winter, when the thermometer where they were sometimes reached 50’. The specimens show much uniformity in size, more on measurement than in appearance (due to setting?) the range being 33 to 36 mm. The specimens placed together show a very bright and fairly uniform red tint, markedly contrasting with the ruddiest rubi I have, and looking brilliant beside them. The females are rather larger than the males. The range of variation is not great. The males are darker than the females, nearly all the males show the conspicuous dark veins of the forewings characteristic of the species. In (| sean) the females this is much less marked. The males are al- together darker than the females. One or two males are very dark, one or two of the females rather light. One or two females have a distinctly darker margin just within the fringe, with a paler one just within it. The male androconial brands vary from nearly black to a pale reddish not far from the ground-colour. In not a few specimens they look almost white, and this was noticed to be the case in several specimens almost immediately on emergence. In some of these with white brands, the colour is white when looked at from one angle, dark from another, and often one brand looks dark, the other white, reversing when seen from another angle. ‘The effect seems to be due to a variation in the degree to which the scales are erect on the wing, so that in some lights, not the true scale colours, but only reflected light from their surfaces is seen. ‘The ordinary scales lie very flat, the androconia are raised at a considerable angle, and are twisted so that often portions of the scales are almost at right angles to the wing surface. In the underside there is also some variation. Some are of a fairly deep-blue-green, in others, and this is more frequent in the females, there is quite a brownish tone in the green, and in one or two specimens the brown is very evident towards the fringes and along the nervures of the anterior wings ; there is also an extension in a considerable proportion of specimens of the brownish-grey area of the forewing where the hindwing covers it. ‘There are variations precisely parallel to all these in C. rub. The white line is less variable than in C. rwubi, but this is very possibly due to all the C. avis being from one locality, the C’. rubi I have from very numerous ones. In only one or two is the line obsolete on the forewing, in no specimen on the hindwing. On the hindwing it is frequently obsolete or nearly so on the inner half of the wing. ‘The position (nearer the base) and character of the markings is very different from C. rubs in all examples. The individual elements of the white line, 7. e. the portion in each interneural space, are not more or less square, but dis- (- oxxahai tinctly lunulated as in Weolycaena lunulata, tengstroemi, or sinensis, and in one or two specimens one almost sees the cusps running basally for a small distance, especially in the first costal spots of the hindwing. One variation is specially to be noted, two or three specimens have dark inner margins to the lunules, as is usual in C’. rwbi but which I had not seen in my captured specimen of C’. avis. In one or two specimens there may be seen a trace of the silvery eyebrows, so character- istic of C’. rwbe. On emergence the dehiscence of the pupa differs in one respect from that of C’. rwbt. In both species the prothoracic plates sometimes separate from the rest of the pupa case, sometimes they remain attached to the anterior border of the mesothorax ; the difference between the two species is, that it is rather the rule for them to separate in C’. avis, rather the exception in C. rubi. The few empty pupa cases also exhibited show this, so far as a few can do so; they also display the brown colouring of the wing cases in C’. 7wbt, and their nearly black in C. avis, a difference rather more marked when they are alive. SoutH Arrican LycaEnripAr.—Mr, Haminton Druce drew the attention of Fellows to his recently published book on “Some South-African Lycaenidae,’ a copy of which he exhibited. CanapDIAN CoLeoprerA.—Mr. G. C. CHampion called atten- tion to a paper of interest to British Coleopterists, published in Canada, entitled “Some Guests at the Banquet of Blossom,” by T. J. A. Morris, read at the Annual Meeting of the En- tomological Society of Ontario, November 4th, 1909, and published in the ‘Canadian Entomologist,” December 1909, pp. 409-418. Papers. SEPARATION OF BritisH Spectres or Hyproncia.—Mr. J. W. Tutt delivered a short address on “‘ The species of the nictitans group of Hydroecia.” He discussed the several forms of Hydroecia occurring in Britain, and illustrated the superficial differences where discoverable, and the marked difference in the anal appendages of the several species, Hydroecia nictitans, (ecivan) H. paludis, H.lucens, and H. crinanensis. He pointed out that, as far back as 1888, he had differentiated three species among the specimens usually united under the name mictitans, viz. Hydroecia nictitans, a generally distributed inland species ; Hydroecia paludis, a paler coast species ; and Hydroecia lucens, a moss and moorland species. In his ‘British Noctuae and their Varieties,” vol. 1, pp. 58-64, he described these three species at length, and gave a long account of their variation. Recently the examination of the genitalia had proved the distinctness of these species and had discovered a fourth species, Hydroecia crinanensis, the facies of which was prac- tically inseparable from /7. lucens. Long series of the four known British species were exhibited. Mr. Tutt, then, by reference to some large, clearly-drawn diagrams, explained the structure of the ancillary parts on which the differentiation was based, and pointed out the differences in the four species in the structure of the harpe, corona, clasper and clavus respectively. Ele then dealt with the female’ genitalia, and discussed the differences exhibited in the lodix and genital plate in the same four species. The ¢ ancillary appendages of Hydroecia atlanticus were then discussed, and their distinct- ness from those of the four British species demonstrated. He made an appeal to Fellows to try, during the coming season, to obtain eggs, larvae and pupae of the four British species for comparison, and to discover, if possible, structural differences in these stages, in support of those shown by the superficial imaginal characters and those of the ancillary appendages in H, metitans, H. paludis, and H. lucens, but more particularly to detect, if possible, differentiating characters in the early stages of the two species H. lucens and H. crinanensis, the genitalic characters of which are so entirely different in both sexes and yet whose facial characters appear as yet practically indistinguishable. Excellent photographs of the genital organs of the four British species (both sexes) made by Mr. F, N. Pierce, were handed round for examination. The Rey. C. R. N. Burrows, to whose research the dis- covery of H. crinanensis was really due, stated that he had little to add to what Mr. Tutt had said ; it seemed to him amazing that two species showing so much difference as ( sear) Hydroecia lucens and H. crinanensis in their genitalia, should present no definitely marked superficial character in the imago. Dr. Karu Jordan considered that the four species, as proved by the differences in the genitalic structures, were abundantly distinct, and brought forward a parallel case among the Attacids. Here, two species with almost identical imaginal facies were separated first of all on the ¢ genitalia, and afterwards proved by the larvae and pupae to be essentially different in all their stages. He considered the differences in structure of the 2 genitalic organs as being particularly interesting. Dr. T. A. Cuapman, M.D., F.Z.8., read the following notes entitled “ Yanthandrus comtus, Namr., a Correction.” On June 6, 1906, Prof. Poulton read a paper on “* Predaceous Insects and their Prey,” which appears in our Transactions for that year. On p. 396 are some remarks on Xanthandrus comtus, which involve certain misapprehensions as to facts, and consequently some probably erroneous deductions. I pointed these out to Prof. Poulton at the time, and they were to be corrected in a further paper on the same subject shortly to appear. It seems, however, that the pressure of other matters is postponing indefinitely the completion of that paper by the professor. J think, therefore, it is desirable that the correction should not be further delayed. lt had recorded observations on XY. comtus, showing that the larva fed on the larvae of certain Tortrices, which were gregarious in this modified sense that, though not necessarily in association, a number were always found on the same plant, probably all from one batch of eggs. Prof. Poulton reports an observation by Mr. Lyle of the find- ing of a full-fed larva of X. comtws, which had reduced toa dry and empty skin a larva of Scotosia undulata, a Geometrid moth. The misapprehensions that Prof. Poulton adds to this fact relate both to XY. comtus and to S. undulata. First, as to the habits of the larva of XY. comtws. When this larva finds itself amongst a number of larvae suitable for food and of considerable size, as I have not unfrequently found it amongst those of Hastula hyerana, it does not mind the size of its victim, and often attacks one much too large for it. Of this (seal) the proof consists in finding, in plants with many larvae of Hf. hyerana and only one or two of the fly, not a few larvae of H, hyerana, dead and blackened, but only partially collapsed, the result of being killed by a larva of Y. comtus much too small to do more than suck a portion of its juices. In captivity I have several times observed that the attacked larva dies very soon after it has been seized by that of the fly. These circumstances prove that a larva of XY. comtus could not possibly, immediately it hatched, attack a larva enough to contain a life ration for it, and yet have that ration remain fresh during the whole period of its growth. I ought, perhaps, to dwell on this point, as it is one that might have occurred to the professor. Doubtless he had in mind the habits of the fossorial wasps, whose prey remains fresh for a very considerable time, fresh because it remains alive, though paralysed. The rapid death of its prey and its subse- quent rapid decomposition quite differentiate the case of YX. comtus from that of the wasps. Mr. Lyle’s larva had no doubt already disposed of, at least, several larvae of the Scotosia. Then as to S. undulata, several points deserve notice. One is that its full-grown larva is of much the same bulk as that of H. hyerana, and of H. hyerana a nearly full-grown larva of X. comtus will attack and demolish a full-grown specimen, and even more than one. Perhaps the most important point in connection with S. undulata is that the larva is gregarious in precisely the same sense as the larvae of the Tortrices I have observed in this connection are. Whether in their younger stages they are or are not literally so, I do not know, but think probably they are. At any rate, it is the case that several or many larvae are always to be found on the same bush; doubtless they have all emerged from one batch of eggs, as in the case of the Tortrices. The only difference, then, that exists between the cases of S. undulata and that of the Tortrices, on which I have seen X. comtus parasitic, is that they are Tortrices and it is a Geometer, a condition, I should imagine, of infinite indifference to the larva of X. comtus. A further point is not, however, without interest and of some direct bearing on the subject, (xxvii) viz. that the larva of S. undulata infolds itself in leaves in much the same manner as Tortricesdo. It seems very probable that the shelter thus afforded may be of some importance to the XY. comtus larva, which has a much more delicate cutaneous envelope than have most of the Syrphid larvae feeding exposed on Aphides that I happen to know. The shelter must be of use, as it is to its victims, to hide it from its enemies, and the delicate skin may be a result or a further cause of the sheltered existence. Probably the larva searches for the shelter of its next victim during the night when neither sun nor predaceous enemies are to be dreaded. It follows from all these facts and considerations that Professor Poulton’s beautiful theory as to the alternative instinct displayed by the female of YX. comtus, though of the very highest interest if it could be established, may be regarded as without the slightest foundation. The remarks to the disparagement of the egg-laying instincts of the Sphingidae must, of course, fail as a matter of compari- son with the instincts of X. comtus, and per se, the presence of an unduly large number of larvae on a very small bush is an occurrence that one not unfrequently meets with in other insects and elsewhere. It is the result of one particular bush presenting flavours or other attractions to more than one moth, or to the same moth over and over again, after it has gone in search of a suitable place elsewhere.. A striking and not infrequent instance is where a young pine-tree is nearly or actually killed by a large number of nests of C’. pityocampa, whilst numerous trees around, to our eyes much more tempting, -are untouched. A similar common case which most of us have met with is in the case of Aglais urticae, where a brood of larvae may be found on a patch (if it amounts to a patch) much too small to nourish them all to full-growth. Such a case usually occurs when the butterfly is very common, and I have seen even large areas of nettles with a number of broods more than sufficient to demolish it. All these cases are, broadly, the results of over-population. Mr. J. C. Kerswaw contributed a paper on “The Oothecae of an Asilid (Promachus sp.).”’ ( Semyabll Wednesday, April 6th, 1910. Mr. H. Rownanp-Brown, M.A., Vice-President, in the Chair. i Congress Deleyates. Tae Vicr-PrEsIpENT announced that the Society would send as delegates to the International Congress of Entomolgy at Brussels Dr. F. A. Dixry, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., Mr. H. St. J. DonistHorer, F'.Z.S., and one other Fellow ; to the Zoological Congress at Gratz, Dr. K. Jornpan, Ph.D. Hlection of Fellows. Mr. Horace B. Brownz, M.A., of 118, Sunny Bank, Hull ; Mr. Wiiu1am Grorcre Dawson, of 31, King’s Gardens, West End Lane, West Hampstead, N.W.; Mr. Aurrep NANnpDER Hepers, of 42, Kensington Park Gardens, W.; the Rev. Gitpert H. Raynor, M.A., of Hazeleigh Rectory, Maldon, Essex; the Rev. Husmrr Grorck Stanuey, of Marshfield Vicarage, Cardiff ; and Mr. Rurrrr Srenron, of Southwell, Notts, were elected Fellows of the Society. Exhibitions. BUTTERFLIES FROM THE CarpatHians.—Mr. W. G. SHELDON exhibited several series of the butterffies taken by him last July in the Hohe Tatra region of the Carpathians, Hastern Hungary. They included examples of Melitaea dictynnoides, Hormuzaki, with W/, aurelia and WM. dictynna for comparison ; Brenthis pales var. arsilache from the forest zone at 3000 feet, and a form of B. pales from 5000 ft., with the upper-side approaching in colour and markings to var. arsilache, but of smaller size, the under-side being typical; also Swiss examples for comparison: Parnassius apollo, var. carpaticus, Aigner, and P. apollo from the Swiss Alps for comparison ; also Hrebia medusa, var. hippomedusa, H. ligea, and Coenonympha hero. The Rev. G. WHEELER expressed a decided opinion that M. dictynnoides constitutes a good species, and is not a form of M. aurelva. Rare British BEerLe.—Mr. P. Harwoop brought for ex- (Giexixan) hibition an example of Strangalia revestita, taken on a flower- head near Andover in 1909. Mimetic LepipopreRA FROM THE CamERoons.—Mr. W. F. H. Rosenpere exhibited (a) a “ combination ”’ of a Nymphaline butterfly, Huphaedra ruspina, and three species of moths belonging to as many different families, viz. Phaegorista similis (Hypsidae), Xanthospilopteryx pogget (Agaristidae), and a Geometer, Aletis helcita. ‘These insects bear a close superficial resemblance to each other in colour and pattern of markings, the wings being tawny-orange, with black marginal borders and white apical and marginal spots: (6) a pair of the Nymphaline butterfly, Harma theodota, a strikingly dimorphic species, the female of which bears some resemblance, especially on the upper side of the hindwings, to a moth, Vyctemera hesperta, of the family Lymantriadae. The consisting specimens were taken in the same locality and at the same time of year ; and (c) five species of Planema (family Acraeidae) and an equal number of species of Pseudacraea (family Vym- phalidae) mimicking them, the superficial resemblance being very close in each case. Special attention was called to the specimens of Planema plagioscia, the males of which, with tawny bands on the forewings, are mimicked by the males of Pseudacraea hobleyi, whilst the females of the Planema, with white bands are mimicked by the females of the same species of Pseudacraea. With these specimens were exhibited several Hlymnias, and specimens of Papilio zenobia, cynorta, and another species of the same group, all mimicking certain species of the Planema. The whole of these specimens were taken in the same months and place. Mr. J. W. Turr considered the exhibition made by Mr. ROSENBERG one of the most interesting that had been pre- sented at any meeting of the Society. Here we had for certain species belonging to widely different groups of Lepi- doptera—butterflies and moths—occurring at the same time and in the same place with close resemblances on both upper- and under-sides. It occurred to him that the upper- side resemblance would be of value only during flight or movement, and the under-side only during rest. The usual habits of butterflies on the one hand, and Geometrids and (1 sxeex 1B) Lachneids on the other, were very different, both as to their movements and their manner of resting, the moths flying by night, the butterflies by day; the moths resting with the upper-sides, the butterflies with the under-sides of the wings exposed. It would be very interesting to know whether in the cases exhibited the butterflies and moths both flew by day, and both rested in the same manner. This might not be difficult to ascertain from the collector who supplied the speci- mens, and would be of the greatest value. Beerty Parasite.—Mr. H. Sr. J. DonisrHorre exhibited examples of Methoca ichnewmonides, parasitic on the larva of the Tiger Beetle, taken by him in the Isle of Wight. He said that it was apparently unknown in this country that Methoca ichneumonides is parasitic on this larva. Its life history has been worked out by Bonuman (Tijd. voor Entom., 1909), and Adlery (Arkiv. for Zool., 1906). They record it parasitic on Cicindela campestris and C. sylvatica. He had taken it at Blackgang Chine, where it would be parasitic on C’. germanica. With these examples he also showed the hosts, C. campestris, C. sylvatica, C. germanica, and a Tiger Beetle larva. Mr. DonistHorPE also exhibited an example of DPtimella britannica, Matt., found in a mole’s nest at Burwell Fen last month. ‘This is only the third British specimen yet recorded, and apparently the fourth only in Europe, one having been reported from France. Papers. Mr. Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.S., read a paper ‘ On the behaviour of Coleoptera during Floods,” and exhibited living specimens to illustrate the remarkable power of Dianous coerulescens in “ skimming’”’ on the surface of water. The following papers were also read :— ‘“A Revision of the genus Diplatys, Serv.,” by Malcolm Burr, D.Sce., F.L.S., F.Z.8., ete. ‘On the Geometridae of the Argentine Republic,” by Louis B. Prout. Giixxact 3) Wednesday, May 4th, 1910. Dr. F. A. Dixny, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Obituary. The decease was announced of Mr. G. S. SaunpErs, F.L.S., a Fellow of the Society. Lahibitions. Rare Iosnevmon.—Mr. Joun J. Warp brought for exhi- bition an example of the ichneumon-fly, Rhyssa persuasoria, 2 , together with a photograph of the living insect. The speci- men was captured at Coventry ; but whether that place was its natural habitat is doubtful, as some packing straw from Geneva was lying in the vicinity. BEETLE NEW To Scrence.—Mr. H. Sr. J. DonistHorPeE ex- hibited, on behalf of Dr. Nicholson, Mr. Dollman, and himself, examples of a species of Olophrum new to science, and Scotch specimens of Olophrum fuscwm, its nearest ally, for com- parison. The new beetle was taken by Dr. Nicholson and himself in Wicken Fen under sedge refuse, and subsequently by Mr. Dollman in some numbers in the same locality. Mr. DonistHorPE pointed out the characters in which it differed, and said he had described it, and proposed the name for it of Olophrum nicholsont. Eprpinity or Leripoprerous Larvar.—Mr. H. Evrrincuam stated that in reference to his previous paper describing experi- ments on the edibility of certain lepidopterous larvae (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1909, pp. 471-478), the caterpillars there referred to as Boarmia rhomboidaria had proved to be Odontopera biden- tata. Further, that some of the moths had been bred from larvae fed exclusively on ivy, and though similar larvae had, as explained in the paper referred to, proved extremely distaste- ful to the lizards with which he had experimented, the moths were found to be palatable. His lizards having failed to survive the winter, he had sent the moths to the Zoological Gardens, where Mr. Pocock had ( sexscm ) }) given one to a bird and two to some lizards, Lacerta viridis. The result was described by Mr. Pocock as follows :— ‘‘Commander J. J. Walker sent me, about a week ago, one of the moths you are interested in, and I gave it toa bird, a black-winged Grackle (Graculifica melanoptera), a kind of starling from Java. I have tested this bird before with insects and have known him reject some which other birds will eat, thus showing that he is toa certain extent fastidious and not like some birds which will eat almost anything, He took it at once and after pecking it and pulling it about for a little time, swallowed it. He showed no sign of finding the moth in any way distasteful—that is to say he did not once wipe his beak, or shake his head, or behave as other birds do when they taste anything nasty. Having confidence in his powers of discrimination, I had no hesitation in concluding the moth to be palatable. “This was borne out by my experiment with the two you sent me this morning. I threw one into a cage of green lizards. One of them seized it at once and swallowed it in ten seconds. J then threw in the other hoping that a second lizard would take it, but the first was on to it in a moment and ate it as soon as ever he had adjusted it in his mouth so as to swallow it head first. I noticed that he squeezed some fluid out of its posterior end, but even when this came into contact with his palate and tongue he gave no sign of tasting anything disagreeable. The lizards were Lacerta viridis. There was a saucer half full of mealworms in the lizards’ cage, so there is no reason to suppose that they were specially hungry.” Mr. Evrrrncuam added that he was greatly indebted to Mr. Pocock for so carefully carrying out and recording the experi- ment. The result appeared to show that the distastefulness of the larvae was due to the particles of the foodplant contained in the digestive tract. The inedibility, though not in this case due to peculiar properties elaborated by the metabolism of the larva, might nevertheless, under conceivable circumstances, have considerable importance for the larva itself. Distaste- fulness must have a beginning, and so long as it was a question of surviving or being eaten, the fact rather than the cause of the inedibility would be of first importance. (Gea) Paper. Mr. E. Meyeicx, B.A., F.R.S., communicated a paper entitled ‘‘Descriptions of Micro-Lepidoptera from Mauritius and the Chagos Isles.” Wednesday, June Ist, 1910. Dr. F. A. Dixry, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Address to the King. The PRESIDENT proposed that an Address of Condolence and Congratulation should be presented by the Society to His Majesty Kine Grorce V. on his accession to the throne, and an Address of Condolence to Her Majesty the Queen- Mother, Queen Alexandra. The proposal was seconded by Mr. H. Rowianp-Brown, one of the Hon. SECRETARIES, and carried unanimously, all Fellows present standing. ‘To THE Kine’s Most EXcELLENT MAJESTY. “The Humble Address of the President, Council, and Fellows of the Entomological Society of London. ‘‘ Most GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN, “We, Your Maszsry’s loyal and dutiful subjects, the President, Council, and Fellows of the: Entomological Society of London, beg leave to tender to ‘Your Maszrsty the ex- pression of our deep and sincere sympathy in the great loss which you have recently suffered by the death of your august Father, our late beloved Sovereign, Kinc Epwarp VII. The grief which has fallen upon your Royal House is shared with the subjects of Your Masxsty’s Empire by all friendly Nations, and has cast its shadow upon the world at large. ‘‘Remembering the care which Your Mavgsty has con- tinually shown for all that tends to advance the best interests of your people, and in particular for the progress of scientific study, we feel that we have especial cause to join with this expression of condolence in your sorrow our most sincere and heartfelt congratulations upon Your Masxrsry’s accession to the Throne of your Ancestors. PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., 111. 1910. 6 (Cl ooxxahy |) “We pray that Your Maszsty may long and gloriously rule over a people united under the Crown in foo gratitude, and affection. ‘Given under the Common Seal of the Society this afteenth day of July, one thousand nine hundred and ten. “ Frederick Augustus Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.BS., ‘* President. “Henry Rowland-Brown, M.A., “James J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.LS., “* Secretaries.” ‘To Her Most Excentent Masesty THE QUEEN ALEXANDRA. “The Humble Address of the President, Council, and Fellows of the Entomological Society of London. “ MADAM, “We, the President, Council, and Fellows of the Entomological Society of London, beg leave humbly to offer Your Magsssty the expression of our heartfelt sorrow at the grievous loss sustained by Your Magsusry in the death of our beloved and lamented Sovereign Lord Kine Epwarp VII. His memory will ever be gratefully cherished by all ranks and classes both at home and abroad, and not least by those whose devotion to the cause of learning and science has always been accustomed to meet with his sympathetic recognition and approval, ‘Given under the Common Seal of the Society this fifteenth day of July, one thousand nine hundred and ten. ‘‘ Frederick Augustus Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.B.S., “* President. “ Henry Rowland-Brown, M.A., ‘‘ James J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.LS., “* Secretaries.” Election of Fellows. Mr, ArnoLD WauitwortH Boyp, The Alton, Altrincham, Cheshire; Mr. Emme Garcxn, M.I.E.E., Witton House, Maidenhead; Mr. Henry Ottver Hoxrrorp, Elstead Lodge, Godalming; Count Brrepr Morner, Consul for H. M. the King ( sae” )) of Sweden, Sydney, New South Wales; Mr. C. W. Mason, S.E.A.C., St. Denis, Shaftesbury, Dorset; Mr. Martin E. Mosrty, 13, Addison Road, London, W.; Mr. Roserr Tarr, junior, Roseneath, Harboro’ Road, Ashton-on-Mersey, Cheshire ; Mr. Frank Wray Terry, The Planters’ Association, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands; Professor F. V. THropatp, M.A., South Eastern Agricultural College, Wye Court, near Ashford, Kent ; Mr. Cuartes Henry Rupes, Assoc. M. Inst., C.E., 15, Newton Road, Bayswater, W.; and Miss Carnorra Rupes, 15, Newton Road, Bayswater, W., were elected Fellows of the Society. Postponement of the Conversazione. The PresipENT announced that the Conversazione, post- poned from Friday, May 27th last, by reason of the general mourning for his late Majesty Kine Epwarp VII., would be held during the forthcoming session on some date not earlier than the last week in November. International Congress of Entomology. Mr. F. MERRIFIELD, and Mr. Rh. Tren, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., were appointed to act as additional delegates to the Inter- national Congress of Entomology at Brussels. Hahibitions. Rare British Bresernes.—Commander J. J. WALKER ex- hibited examples of Ceuthorrhynchideus mixtus, Muls., and Ceuthorrhynchus pilosellus, Gyll., taken by him during May last at Tubney, Berkshire. RARE HymMenopreron.—The Rev. F. D. Moricr showed a specimen of the Pompilid Clavelia pompiliformis, Luc. g (prob- ably the only fossorial wasp with pectinated antennae), taken by him this spring, in the province of Oran, Algeria, from which it was originally described. Ovirosition oF Saw-FLy.—The Rey. F. D. Moric also ex- hibited an example of the saw-fly Phymatocera aterrima, Klug., killed by ether in the act of ovipositing on a stem of Poly- gonatum officinale (“Solomon’s Seal”). He showed also a photograph of this curiosity, and others illustrating the same subject—the structure of the saws, the egg-pouch made by C2 (Giecxsxaziie) them, etc., and gave an account of the way in which the saws are employed for the purpose. Instead of cutting vertically the saws are turned sideways, a characteristic method employed, as Mr. F. Enock pointed out by many of the Homoptera. Both insects exhibited have been presented to the South Kensington Collections, Mr. C. O. WatEerHousEe and Dr. T. A. CHApman also joined in the discussion, and Mr, A. SicH mentioned that some years since many larvae which appeared identical with those of P. aterrima, occurred on the same plant in his garden at Chiswick. GLow-worm PuPA.—Mr. H. Matin brought for exhibition an empty larva skin of a 6 “glow-worm,”’ Lampyris noctiluca, with a living pupa, which was seen to be intermittently luminous. MeELANISM oF EmaturGa atTomaria.—Mr. L. Newman showed a case containing a long and varied series of Hmaturga atomaria bred from a melanic 9? taken in cop. with a dark typical g¢ at Bury, Lancashire. It was noticeable that, of the offspring, melanic and semi-melanic forms predominated. Hysprip Lycannipar.—Mr. Newman exhibited ¢ and 9 forms of Agriades thetis (bellargus), taken wild in North Kent, June 1909, by Sergt.-Major W. Crocker, R.E. He said they resembled examples taken on the same spot about sixteen years ago by the late Mr. EH. Sabine, and suggested they might be hybrids thetis x coridon.* Ova OF SESIA ANDRENIFORMIS.—Mr. Newman further ex- hibited ova im situ of Sesia andreniformis; and Mr. A. E. ToncE a photograph (x 26) of the same. CrrontIpAE FROM UcganpA.—Mr. O. HE. Janson showed a remarkable gynandromorphous example of Goliathus giganteus and other Cetoniidae recently collected by Mr. E. Brown in Uganda, British East Africa, including both sexes of the rare Formasimus russus. Nearly all the species exhibited were West African forms, proving the great similarity of the Central * Mr. J. W. Tutt, who has since had an opportunity of considering this exhibit, expresses his opinion that the butterflies are simply aberra- tions of A. thetis. The hybrid, =polonus, Zell., was recently discussed by him, and a list of known examples given (cp. Proc. Ent. Soc. 1910, pp. viii, ix). (| xxxvll ) African fauna, extending over a district of two to three thousand miles across that continent. VARIATION IN SMERINTHUS.—The Rev. G. WHEELER brought for exhibition a case containing many examples of Smerinthus popult, taken in Lancashire, showing a wide range of variation, bred from identical parents ; also a curious pale dwarf example of S. ocellatus from the same locality. BrEtLES FROM Crop or A PHeasant.—Mr. C. O. WatTeEr- HOUSE exhibited specimens of a beetle of the family Chryso- melidae, Crosita altaica, Gebl., found by a poulterer at Bourne- mouth in the crop of a pheasant from Russia. He remarked on the brilliancy of the metallic coppery-red and green colours. It has been held by some that bright metallic colours were warning-colours. AGRIADES CORIDON DovusLE-BsroopeD.—Dr. T. A. CHAPMAN exhibited specimens of the spring emergence of double-brooded Agriades coridon, taken in April and May last at various places in the St. Tropez district of the Riviera, viz. le Canadel, Pardigon, Gassin, and several different points near Ste. Maxime (Var), at various dates from April 23 to May 11. The specimens displayed considerable variation, but all appeared to be of one race: very few showing any red colour on the upper side. The original locality where the species was abundant several years ago near Ste. Maxime, now afforded only a specimen or two, the Hippocrepis, that abounded there having nearly died out, largely smothered by growth of Cistus monspeliensis. In each place where the species appeared Hippocrepis was present over areas of only a few dozen square yards, so that one wondered how the butterfly could maintain itself. No Hippo- crepis was seen except where the A. coridon was found. The butterfly must be able to wander (often for some miles) from one such locality to another, or it could hardly maintain its existence as it does. Livinec LaRvar FROM THE SouTH or FRANCE, aND IMAGo.— Dr. CHAPMAN also showed (q@) living larvae of Z’hestor ballus in the last instar, feeding on flowers of Ulex europaeus; (6) a larva ~of Agriades coridon var. constanti, from eggs laid at Ste. Maxime at the beginning of May, and now in the third instar; and (c) a (Gisexexcvzi 110) living imago of Callophrys avis, Chpmn., a somewhat belated specimen, emerged June Ist, 1910; the delay no doubt due to an unsuccessful attempt at forcing in February. Rare Insects rrom Portucat.—Dr. K. Jorpan exhibited a live specimen ( 3) of a species of Zruxalis obtained by him at Portimao, South Portugal, and also showed some live larvae and the cocoon of a moth, Diplura loti. The larvae were found on Cistus in the Serra de Monchique, Algarve, South Portugal, on May 13th, and are being fed upon Helianthemum. They resemble the caterpillar of Hrvogaster lanestris so closely that a generic separation is hardly justified. A LYCAENID IN ATTENDANCE ON AN Homopreron.— Mr. Hamiuton H. C. Druct read the following notes communicated by Mr. J. C. Moutton.—‘“‘ Some little time ago while working out some species of Lycaenidae, I noticed an interesting illustra- tion in Col. Bingham’s volume on this family in the ‘ Fauna of British India’ series (Vol. II, p. 287); this was an illus- tration of a Lycaenid—-Allotinus horsfieldi, Moore—attending an Aphide. The drawing is about a half larger than natural size, and seemed to me so clear, that I showed it to my two museum collectors—Dyaks—telling them to look out for an example of this in real life when collecting in the jungle. I further explained that the species figured was a common one in Sarawak, and that there was no reason why they should not be able to observe this phenomenon if they waited and watched the insect settle. For a month or more they were unsuccessful, although collecting four or five days a week. At last, on December 31st, 1909, one of the collectors, Rigi by name, came back triumphant with two examples of Allotinus mivalis, Druce (a smaller species than A. horsfieldi, but nearly allied), together with an Homopteron. He told me he had found the two butterflies hanging downwards from the underside of a thin twig of a ‘kapor’ tree, facing towards each other, some two inches apart; between them were two Homoptera ; and each butterfly was engaged in slowly stroking the Homopteron nearest it withits tongue. (He illustrated the action with his-finger for my benefit.) The antennae were in an upright position as shown in Col. Bingham’s illustration. In reference to that picture it is interesting to note that the (GP xoxox) Aphide is there shown firmly held between the fore-legs of the Lycaenid as if the ‘milking’ operation was not particularly voluntary on the part of the Aphide. My Dyak, on the other hand, was quite positive that the fore-legs were not used for this purpose at all in the instance he witnessed ; and that the Homopteron was quite free. With one sweep of the net he captured the two Lycaenids and one of the Homoptera, the other escaping. I inquired if he saw any other Homoptera on the branch, but he replied not, remarking though that there were plenty of ‘sémit’ (ants) on it, though they did not seem to disturb the butterflies. The note by Col. H. J. W. Barrow, R.A.M.C., quoted by Col. Bingham (/. c.) similarly remarks on this point. He says: ‘Its legs (A. horsfieldc) are immensely long, and I discovered why. It settles over a mass of Aphides, and then tickles them with its proboscis, just as ants do with their antennae, and seems to feed on their exudations. .. . But it would settle calmly over largish ants, and did not mind one or two actually standing up and examin- ing its legs to see who was there. ‘The ants did not attack it in any way.’ “The branch on which these two specimens of A. nivalis were taken was some four to five feet from the ground in old jungle. In conciusion I may say that I know my Dyak well, and am quite sure of the accuracy of his statements. Col. Bingham remarks at the end of his note (/.¢.): ‘So far as I know this is the first recorded instance of butterflies being in attendance on Aphides as ants often are.’ And this remark led me to think that perhaps another record of it might not be without interest to entomologists.” A FurtHer Notre on A LYCAENID IN ATTENDANCE ON AN Homorrrron.—“ My first note dated January 3rd, 1910, was entitled ‘A Lycaenid in attendance onan Aphide.’* Mr. Druce very kindly communicated this note for me to the Entomo- logical Society on Feb. 2nd, at which meeting it was pointed out by Mr. Druce and other entomologists, that the ‘ Aphide’ exhibited was not an Hemipteron but an Homopteron ; and in view of the fact that no instance is apparently known of a _ ™ Subsequently altered to ‘‘A Lycaenid in attendance on an Homo- jouemomn [[lalolel,1D), j (eee) butterfly in connection with an Homopteron, members of the Society were inclined—naturally enough—to doubt the ac- curacy of a single observation made by a native. However, further evidence has since been afforded by the same native observer which to my mind can leave no doubt as to the accuracy of his observation. “On December 31st, 1909, he brought in his first captures of 2 A. nivalis with one Homopteron (the other having escaped). About January 20th, 1910, he again brought in this species of Allotinus together with an Homopteron, telling me that he had watched them together for a long time, and that he was convinced that the Lycaenid in no way held the Homo- pteron. I was particularly anxious to get at the truth on this point in view of Col. Bingham’s picture which shows an Aphide apparently being held by the Lycaenid. On February 2nd, 1910, he again brought in an Allotinus sp. ur. nivalis which he had found in similar attendance on the same* species of Homopteron (which insect he also brought in). As before, he tells me that he watched them for some time to see if there was any restraint on the Homopteron, but he was quite sure it was free. “In reply to a suggestion that the insect he caught may not have been the same as that which he saw in connection with the Lycaenid, he was most emphatic on the point, and con- sidering that he has brought in the same species on three separate occasions, I cannot but feel that there is no doubt on this score. ‘‘ About February 10th he brought me an example of Allotinus horsfieldi which he had taken in attendance on a ‘Heteropterous larva?’ (I would ask some entomologist to verify (?) this title for me from the material sent). “The point about this last observation is that he reports having noticed large numbers of this insect on the tree, in company with many ants which latter appeared to be bother- ing the Lycaenid, although he stuck to his work in spite of the ants, until the collector’s net removed him. In the * | say same species of Homopteron, for they appear to me to be the game under a lens, and from memory I should say the same as that sent to Mr. Druce in January last for exhibition. (exit) previous observations none, or but very few, of the Homoptera were seen on the same tree. “T send for exhibition another example of the Homopteron which was taken with A. nivalis and four examples of the ‘Heteropterous larve’ which were taken off the same branch as A. horsfieldi. ‘¢ As these four observations have all been made in a period of about six weeks, out of which the observer was collecting for thirty days at most, owing to bad weather, one may suppose that this phenomenon is by no means uncommon, and if other collectors in the Tropics would look out for it, more interesting occurrences with different species would probably be recorded.” ERRoR IN THE accouNT OF Mr. Leicu’s Breeping ExpPERi- MENT WITH CHARAXES (Proc. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1909, p. xlix). Professor Poutton, F.R.S., who was unable to be present, sent the following correction of an unfortunate error which has crept into the Proceedings of last year :— “Mr. Leigh is stated, on p. xlix, to have exhibited the ? parent and 21 specimens of the offspring of Charaxes zoolina neanthes. ‘On the other hand it is also stated that ‘ the ova deposited by the zoolina form of the ?. . . produced 43 gs and 29 Qs like the parent, and 15 ¢ gsand9@ @s of the neanthes form,’ or 30 offspring in all. I have examined the specimens, which are now in the Hope Department, and find 21 offspring, but also observe that there are among them 6 and not 15 ¢ ¢s of the neanthes form. It is to be hoped that this correction will meet the eye of any naturalist who has been interested in the published statement.” Papers. The following papers were read :— “Mr. A. D, Millar’s Experimental Breeding of Huralia,” by Rotanp Trimen, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S. “Notes on the Scolidae,” and “New Fossorial Hymeno- ptera from Australia,” by Rownanp E. TuRNmr. ‘On the position of the Rhopalosomidae, with description of a second new Species,” by CuaupE Mortey, F.Z.S. ( sxhel}) ‘“‘ Descriptions of Malayan Micro-Lepidoptera,” by Epwarp Mevrics, B.A., F.R.S., F.Z.8. “On the Specific Distinctions between Acraca lycoa, Godt., and <Acraea johnstoni, Godm.,” by Harry ELtrineuam, M.A., F.Z.S. Wednesday, October 5th, 1910. Dr. F. A. Dixny, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Address to the King, and Queen Alexandra. The Srcretary read the following reply to the Address to the Kine, and to Queen ALEXANDRA :— “ Home Office, Whitehall, “8th August, 1910. “‘Srr,—I am commanded by the King to convey to you hereby His Majesty’s Thanks for the loyal and dutiful Address of the President, Council, and Fellows of the Entomological Society of London, expressing their sympathy with His Majesty on the occasion of the lamented death of His late Majesty King Edward the Seventh, and congratulation on His Majesty’s Accession to the Throne. “ T am to say that the expression of sympathy with Queen Alexandra has been laid before Her Majesty, who desires me to convey to you Her Thanks. plivamos Sit ‘‘ Your obedient Servant, ‘“ WINSTON CHURCHILL. “* The Secretary, ‘* The Entomological Society of London, “11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.” Conversazione. The PrestpENT announced that the Conversazione postponed from last May was unavoidably postponed until next year. Seal of the Entomological Society of London. The Presipent exhibited and passed round for inspection an impression of the new seal of the Society, prepared from (alte a design made by Professor Szeuwyn Imacu, M.A., Slade Pro- fessor of Fine Art in the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of the Society. On the motion of the Presrpxnt a cordial vote of thanks to Professor Imace for his services was passed unanimously. International Congress of Entomology. Dr. M. Burr sent for exhibition a photograph of the members attending the International Congress of Entomology at Brussels in August last. Election of Fellows. Mr. Georce WILLIAM VITALLI DE Rue PHILiee, of the Public Works and State Railways Department of the Govern- ment of India, Calcutta; and Dr. CHartes Ernest Lakin, M.D., M.R.C.S., F.R.C.8S., of 2, Park Crescent, Portland Place, W., were elected Fellows of the Society. Exhibitions. Rare British Beerte.—Mr. G, C. Cuampion brought for exhibition two living examples of Melanophila acuminata, captured at Woking on September 17th last. Rare British Hemrprera.—Mr. EH. A. Burzer exhibited Specimens of three species of rare British Hemiptera, viz. (a) Mesovelia furcata, M. & R., and (6) Cicadula cyande, Boh., both from leaves of Potamogeton natans in Epping Forest; and (c) Cyrtorrhinus geminus, Flor., from Broxbourne—a recent addition to the British List, only two British specimens being at present known. He also exhibited living examples of Mesovelia furcata, and drew attention to the extraordinarily rapid movements of the species, which quite defy the eye. RARE AUSTRALIAN AND British BrErLes.—Commander J. J. Walker exhibited (a) a “co-type” of Austrostylops gra- cilipes, Lea, from Bridgetown, W. Australia; (5) a series of Carabus violaceus, L., var. exasperatus, Curtis, taken by Mr. F. C. Woodforde at sugar at Bude, North Cornwall, where this well-marked race appears entirely to replace the ordinary form of violaceus; and (c) four examples of ((ebslivy)) Haemonia appendiculata, Panz., taken in an affluent of the River Cherwell, near Kidlington, Oxon., August, 1910; also (d) a specimen of Cryptophagus subdepressus, Gyll, from Wytham Park, Berks, with the right antenna duplicated from the third joint. Lire TENactty oF ABYSSINIAN BEETLE.— Mr. W. F. H. Rosen- BERG showed a living beetle of the genus Alindria, received in a collection of preserved Coleoptera from Abyssinia. The specimens were rolled up in small paper cylinders, and when they were opened the insect was found to be alive. The collection must have been despatched from Abyssinia at least a month before the opening of the package. The insect has the habit of simulating death on being alarmed, which probably accounts for the collector having packed it up without noticing that it was alive. Living ANTS AND THEIR Nrsts.—Mr. H. Sr. J. DoNIsTHORPE exhibited two nests of ants to illustrate his observations on the founding of nests of Formica rufa by a Q of that species in nests of Formica fusca, and also made some remarks on what he had observed in nature, both with /. rufa and Ff. exsecta. He had observed a ? rufa in Parkhurst Forest on May 15th, running about near the entrances to a fusca nest. The 2 fought with some of the fusca, and eventually entered one of the openings in the ground used by the fusca, On May 27th, in company with Mr. E. R. Bankes, he found a small nest of /. exsecta at Bournemouth, which on being investigated was found to contain many § § of Ff. fusca. Exhibit Nest No. 1 consisted of % § of J. rufibarbis v. fusco- rufibarbis, and a 2 of F. rufa. This was exhibited to the Society on March 2nd, when the rufa 92 (which had been obtained at Nethy Bridge in May 1909) had just been accepted by the fusco-rufibarbis $ 9% (sent to him by Mr. Keys from Whitsand Bay in July 1909) after having been introduced into their nest. From March 7th to April 4th the @? laid eggs, and larvae hatched by May lst; these were fed and attended to by the $%. By June Ist many changed to pupae, nearly all being naked. By June 20th some of the pupae hatched, and on July 20th all had hatched. Unfor- tunately they all died, the § § not having sufficiently removed ( xin) the pupal skins. These young rufa 9% were exhibited mounted on card. Nest No. 2 consisted of a mixed nest of Yormica rufa and F. fusca. This nest which was very small but built of /. vufa materials, was dug up in Parkhurst Forest on August 21st, 1910. It was found to contain 1 rufa 92, some rufa %&%,and many fusca $9, anda number of cocoons—these as they hatched proving to be rufa 9%. It is therefore clear that this rwfa 2 must have founded her nest in a fusca nest. The fusca were underground with the rufa ? and cocoons, but no fusca 2 was present. PIERIDAE FROM FRANCE AND Itaty.—Mr. A. H. Jones showed a series of Pieris manni, males only, from the valleys of the lower slopes of Mont Canigou, near Vernet-les-Bains, taken at the end of June last, with examples of P. rapae, and P. ergane from Italy for comparison. Mr. P. J, Barravup brought for exhibition a case containing Pieridae from the neighbourhood of Formia, Central Italy, including Pieris rapae, L., and var. metra, Stephens ; Pieris mannt, Mayer, and var. rossi, Stefanelli, and ab. erganoides, Stefanelli; and Prerts ergane, Hubn. With these he showed also enlarged photographs of male and female examples of the summer forms of the above-named species to illustrate the difference in the character of the markings and shape of the wing; and enlarged photographs of the male genitalia of each, exhibiting the difference in the shape of the clasper. BUTTERFLIES FROM THE ABRUzZZzI.—The Rev. G. WHEELER gave an account of an entomological excursion made by him in the Abruzzi, and exhibited two drawers containing speci- mens taken at Assergi, Sulmona, Aquila, Roccaraso, Palena, Scanno, and Villalago; and a few also from Subiaco in the Latian Apennines. Peris ergane was found to be somewhat widely distributed, having been taken at Sulmona, 1,300 feet ; above Subiaco, about 2,000 feet; and at Roccaraso, over 4,000 feet. There was also a series of very strongly marked Hesperia carlinae var. cirsit, some of which approached somewhat closely to H. cynarae. Polyommatus eros, of a much deeper blue than is usual inthe Alps was abundant at and above 4,000 feet, ae. nearly 2,000 feet lower than is normal in the Alps; other (Guexlivaininy) unexpected captures were P. amanda and Limenitis camilla, both at over 4,000 feet; one of the former was almost as large as the Tyrolean form, and the latter were all exception- ally large, the species being no doubt single-brooded at that altitude. By way of contrast a second-brood ¢ from Assisi was shown, these being very small. P. meleager, which was very common, showed three very different shades of blue, though all came from Roccaraso, and P. icarus was of the same deep hue as at Assisi, some of the g¢ having black marginal spots on the upperside of the hind-wing. A. medon (astrarche) had the gg unusually large, the 9? being small, with large and brilliant orange spots. P. coridon was very pale in colouring, corresponding with Zeller’s description of var. apennina, but not with his type specimens. As a con- trast, two other forms from the Apennines, the much brighter blue from Assisi, and the somewhat leaden-looking form from Fiesole were shown. The other species exhibited were: Erinnys lavaterae (very pale), L. althaeae and EL. alceae; Hesperia alveus, H. carthami (very small), H. onopordi and H. serra- twlae; Heodes virgaureae (large and bright, gg only), Loweta gordius, L. dorilis, Rumicia phlaeas var. elews, Lycaena arion, Arica eumedon (very small), Polyommatus eschert (small and bright), P. hylas, P. thetis (bellargus), Plebeius aegon (small), and P. argyrognomon, Everes alcetas, Cupido minimus (which seems to be scarce), and Celastrina argiolus; Klugia spini, Nordmannia ilicis and WV. acaciae (the commonest of the Theclids) ; Aporia crataegi, Pieris rapae (from the same ground at Subiaco as P. ergane, and nearly twice the size), P. napi var. napaeae (very large, and as strongly marked on the upperside as P. manni var. rossii), Argynuis aglaia and A. niobe (from Roccaraso), A. adippe var. cleodoxa (a very fine specimen from Subiaco, not taken in the Abruzzi), Issoria lathonia (very small), Melitaea phoebe (from Palena, over 4,000 feet, small and dark, contrasted with Spanish- looking specimens from Assisi), 17. didyma, large and pale, M. parthenie (from Roccaraso and Palena, single-brooded of course at this elevation, and coming in appearance between the two broods at Assisi); Pararge maera (not of the adrasta form), with a fine @ aberration from below Scanno; Coeno- (shyt) nympha pamphilus, C. arcania (contrasted with the large var. insubrica from the N. Italian Alps); and Melanargia galatea (showing in the lowland specimens a strong tendency to obsolescence of the underside markings, in contrast to the somewhat strongly marked mountain forms). Besides these was a Pontia daplidice g from Rome, showing distinct indica- tions of a black spot near the middle of the inner margin of each fore-wing on the upperside. Rare British XytopHasra.—Mr. J. W. Turr brought for exhibition a fourth British example of Xylophasia zollikofert sent him for determination, taken in September, 1905, at Norwich, by Mr. Plunkett. He said he had dealt with the first two examples captured in Britain at length, in his “ British Noctuae and their Varieties,” i, p. 71. The first was captured in October 1867, by Mr. Harding at Deal; the second by Mr. Tait at Inverurie, in September, 1871 ; the third by Mr. Lofthouse at Linthorpe, Middlesborough, Sep- tember 2nd, 1903. ‘The first of these is in the Doubleday collection. ‘The preceding British examples have been of the pale form (ab. pallida, Brit. Noct., i, p. 72). Mr. Plunkett’s example is of the remarkable radiate form, represented in Herrich-Schaifer’s “‘Schmett. v. Europa,” Fig. 104. There are only half-a-dozen examples of this species in the British Museum Collection, all pale, and all males. The radiate form figured by Herrich-Schiaffer is a 2, so also is Mr. Plunkett’s, and this suggests that the difference is sexual. It is really a very rare species—as rare on the Continent as in Britain, on this side of Hungary ; getting more frequent in the Urals, and extending into Asia to Turkestan, but evidently nowhere com- mon, so faras is known. We have no knowledge of its life history. Several entomologists have remarked the superficial resemblance of the pale forms to Vonagria arundinis, and for this reason there may be others undetermined in British collections. SOUTHERN ForMS oF AGRIADES corIDON.—Dr. T. A. CHap- MAN exhibited several cases containing series of Agriades cori- don, var. meridionalis, Tutt, ¢ (= constanti, Reverdin), and made the following remarks upon them :— “Tt is probably accepted now thatthis form is double-brooded, (Gi xdivatia) though even Mr. Tutt was sceptical until I reared larvae from eggs laid in April, which were full-grown at the end of June. Unfortunately, taking these from home with me, they all died of starvation, as their food-plant was unobtainable. “This year, however, I obtained eggs in the spring from Ste. Maxime specimens, and have reared the specimens now exhibited. These emerged during August, and were dealt with by Mr. A. E. Tonge, who kindly took charge of the pupae when I went to Switzerland to find the larva of Latwrina (Lycaena) orbitulus. “He endeavoured to obtain eggs from some specimens, but owing to an accident was apparently unsuccessful, though in mid-September in looking over the plant on which specimens were caged, I noticed several leaves eaten precisely as is done by first-stage larvae of A. coridon. As the plant was indoors and not accessible to any other flies (P. icarus, or anything else), I have little doubt that eggs were laid, and one at least hatched, the others being destroyed by a predaceous enemy. “Tn any case, making every allowance for the mild Rivieran winter, there can be nodoubt that the larvae do some feeding in autumn and probably even during winter, in order to emerge in April. It certainly seems very improbable that they pupate in autumn and hibernate as pupae, but this is a possibility to be kept in view in further investigation—most likely the life circle is much the same as is that of A. thetis (bellargus) with us. Whether this summer brood has been captured before or not, though one can hardly doubt that it has, we have no record of it, or of whether and how it differs from the spring form. ‘‘The specimens exhibited afford at least a partial answer on this point. ‘They are on the whole larger. ‘The males have no trace of a discoidal spot: instead of only a few, nearly three- fourths of them are obviously of the ab. swavis, 7. e. have orange spots on the upper surface, and this, although the margin of the hind-wing, is less darkly marked than in the spring brood. Beneath, the orange spots of the hind-wing are larger and of more bright and intense colour, and the line of chevron markings on the fore-wing is generally a nearly con- tinuous dark band, as it is only occasionally in the spring brood. ( oie) “The females differ from the spring form, on the upper side, by the greater range of the orange lunules, which extend all round both wings, though the apical two or three are often indistinct by being pale or small, but even so are almost always present. The discoidal spot is small and usually very obscure, in two (out of twenty-three) instances only, with a trace of white border. Beneath, the surface is on the whole darker than in the first brood, the chevron line of the fore-wings is a black band, and in most specimens the orange spots form a complete series round both wings, the apical spot only being usually doubtful. a “In both sexes the frequency of extra spots, and spots length- ened, or coalesced, is rather greater than in the spring brood.” Mr. J. W. Tutt who exhibited long series of the spring brood of the meridionalis form from Nimes, Hyeres, Ste. Maxime Pardigon, Draguignan, etc., said the Rivieran meridionalis race of Agriades coridon was exceedingly interesting, as pro- viding the only case recorded where the species is certainly double-brooded. This race appears to extend from Nimes almost to Genoa, perhaps beyond. Its superficial characters are sufficiently striking to give it racial value, and consist more particularly in the obvious features of (1) a peculiar dull silvery-blue ground-colour on the upper-side of the ¢4, (2) a very wide dark outer-marginal band in the $4, (3) a strong tendency to the development of orange lunules on the upper-side of the marginal spots on the hind-wings also in the 64. The upper-side of the ?¢ is usually without any blue scaling and deep fuscous brown in colour. The under- side of the g ¢ is variable, extending from whitish to dark grey and hence resembling that of A. thet’s, whilst that of the @ is very dark grey-brown, the ocellated spots in both sexes being particularly large and well-developed, and the marginal lunules of the fore-wings strongly blackish-grey. This meridionalis race has been divided into two forms, chiefly characterised by the intensity of the ground-colour of the under- side, especially in the g g. The form with pale under-side has been described as reznicekt by Herr Bartel, his typical specimens having come from Rapallo (Italian Riviera), June Ist—10th, 1904, ete. PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., Iv. 1910. D (7) Quite recently (Bull. Soc. Lépid. de Genéve, Vol. ii, fase. 1., June 1910) Dr. J. L. Reverdin has described, under the name constanti, a section of the meridionalis race on the strength of the under-side of the ¢ 4, for this is, so far as can be seen in. the specimens under observation, the sole difference between. reznicekt and constant. As regards the specimens exhibited (captured in the spring) both forms appear to occur on the same ground in the districts. between Hyéres and St. Raphael, with a large proportion of dark-coloured under-side examples. Whether anywhere in the area covered by meridionalis the form rezniceki (¢ 4 with pale under-side) and the form constanti (g § with dark under-side) become quite locally racial has not yet been determined. It would be interesting for solving this problem to state, when dealing with the specimens from any particular place, on what geological formation the examples are captured. It is peculiar that M. Charles Oberthiir, in his excellent ork (Lép. Comp., fase. iv., p. 281), distributed so recently as early August last, notes a connection between what may be called a hypothetical var. apennina from Florence and rezniceki, Bartel, but not between rezniceki and constanti, really, with very slight differences, the same race; hypothetical apennina because it is clear that the apennina spoken of by M. Oberthiir are the usual summer form taken in the Apennines, and have little, if anything, in common with the specimens in the British Museum Collection, named apennina by Zeller. PROTECTIVE ATTITUDE OF A Mantis From Borneo.—My. G. MerapE-Watpo read the following note received by him from Mr. J. C. Mourton, and exhibited an example of Hymenopus bicornis :— “This curious Mantis was given to me on June 2nd, 1910, by Mr. E. Parnell, of the Sarawak Government Civil Service, who found it in his garden. I kept it alive for twenty-three days, and was thus able to make some observations on its customary attitudes. ‘Generally it was to be seen in the usual ‘praying’ atti- tude, z.e. with head, thorax and fore-legs up-raised. But one day, on disturbing it, I noticed an improvement on this position, which gave it the most remarkable resemblance to (on) some orchid. This was brought about by a very unnatural (and one would think extremely uncomfortable) arrangement of the legs. The head and thorax were raised, with fore-legs tucked up under the head as usual ; abdomen turned upwards and end curving over, and immediately under it the left hind- leg, turned over so as to fully exhibit the flat lateral expansion of the femur. On looking down upon the insect the left middle-leg appeared under the head and rather to the left, the right middle-leg immediately under the head, and the right hind-leg a little to the right corresponding to the position of the left middle-leg. Each of these three was so turned in order to give full effect to the petal-like effect of the lateral femoral processes. ‘‘T have set the insect so as to show this curious position, the particular specimen being kept for twenty-three days in a flower-pot in company with Lepidopterous larvae which were feeding on some low plant. I have heard of another example which was kept in a glass jar for three weeks in this country without giving it any possible food. “This comparative longevity and tenacity of life, together with its sluggish habits, have made it necessary to produce this wonderful protective device in order to escape the numerous enemies of Mantidae.” Commenting on this exhibit, Mr. Meapr-Watpo said that the insect sent was in the larval state. Wood-Mason (Proce. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. xxix), mentions the extraordinary likeness of the larval H. bicornis to blossoms, and describes the attitude. He had received two larvae from Assam, the smaller of which was rose-pink, and the larger one white, evidently similar to the specimen now exhibited. At that time the insect was only known from Java. There are also specimens in the British Museum from the Khasi Hills, Malacca and Selangor. Evidence has been brought to prove that insects are attracted to the coloured Mantidae as they are to flowers, and according to A. R. Wallace, who sup- plied the evidence required, a small Mantis, exactly resembling a pink Orchis-flower, was shown to Sir Charles Dilke in Java. This species not only attracted insects, but the kinds of insects (Butterflies) which it allures and devours were mentioned. D2 (fanny) No previous writer appears to have observed that this attitude is more rarely adopted than the usual “praying” attitude. IMPROVED PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS FoR LEPIDOPTERA, ETC.— Mr. E. Duxinrietp Jones brought for exhibition lantern slides of Lepidoptera in natural colours, photographed by the Dufay Dioptichrome process. The advantages over the Auto- chrome plates are the greater transparency and the facility of working: they are in fact very little more trouble than an ordinary negative. The transparency is by no means perfect, and the reds do not come out as well as one could wish ; but on the whole the results are remarkably good. Four slides were shown :— (1) Containing Gonepteryx clorinde, Morpho ega, Catopsilia philea, C’. argante, Papilio ascanius, Morpho achilles. (2) Some species collected at Castro Parana, South America. (3) Caligo arispe, under-side; 4 natural size. (4) Catocala nupta, slightly reduced. Papers. Miss Marcarer E. Fountaine communicated a paper on ‘‘ Descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or little known Larvae and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera, with notes on their Life Histories.” Professor A. JACOBI communicated a paper, ‘‘ Remarks on the Cicadoid Genera Lembeja, Dist., and Drepanopsaltria, Bredd.” Mr. ArtHur M. Lea communicated a paper, “On a new Genus of Stylopidae from Australia.” Wednesday, October 19th, 1910. Dr. F. A. Drxtny, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Election of Fellows. Dr. A. Frynes, M.D., of 61, East Colorado Street, Para- dena, California, U.S.A.; Mr. THomas Henry Geary, of ( iii) Enderby, Leicestershire ; and Mr. Epwarp Barron WHITE, M.R.C.S8., L.R.C.P., of the City Mental Hospital, Cardiff, were elected Fellows of the Society. Obituary. The decease was announced of Mr. Ottver C, GoLpTHwaAIrT, and of Mr. W. A. Lurr, Fellows of the Society. Exhibitions. ABNORMAL Bernties.—Mr. A. M. Lea sent for exhibition two interesting beetles of the genus Jissotes, which he had presented to the British Museum (Natural History) Terato- logical Collection ; L. curvicornis, Boisdv., var. 3, with an additional leg jutting out from the left front coxa; and L. punctatus, Lea, an hermaphrodite having the left side ¢ and the right 9. New British Braconrip.—Mr. H. 8t. J. DonistHoRPE exhibited an example of Helcon ruspator, L., a Braconid new to Britain, taken at Cannock Chase on the 16th July last, in a cell of Strangalia 4-fasciata in a fallen birch tree, and an example of the host captured at the same time. He pointed out that this very fine addition to the British List is recorded as parasitic on the same beetle on the Continent. New Forms or MeuitarnaA aurintA.—Mr. P, J. Barraup showed examples of two new forms of Melitaea awrinia from Italy, (a) var. awrunca, Turati, from the Aurunci mountains, southern central Italy, first discovered in May 1909, by Signore Orazio Querci, of Formia, and named by Count Turati of Milan. The most striking feature is the wide black median band on the upper-side, contrasting with a rather pale ground- colour. (6) var. comacina, Turati, from above Como, north Italy, the examples given the exhibitor by Count Turati. Summer Burrerriies From Aucerta.—Mr. A. E. Gigs brought for exhibition a case of butterflies containing a representative collection of the 28 species met with by him at Blidah and Hammam fR’Irha, etc., during an entomological excursion to Algeria made at the end of May and the beginning of June this year. The weather was extremely bad throughout, being cold, wet and windy ; the (hie )) most interesting species taken in the first-mentioned locality were Huchlie eupheno, and Coenonympha arcanioides ; in the latter Dryas pandora, and Melitaea aetheria, var. algerica. Mimics AnD MoprEts rrom SoutH America.—Mr. W. J. Kaye exhibited remarkable examples of wasp-like and beetle- like Syntomidae, with their models, the wasps and beetles from British Guiana, S.E. Brazil and Venezuela, many having been observed personally by himself. Attention was par- ticularly drawn to the wonderfully close habits of the one to the other, so much so that it was impossible in some instances to distinguish the moth from the model until it settled. This was the case with Pseudosphex noverca and the wasp Zethus binodis which Mr, Kay& had caught on Ageratum flowers at Fernandes Pinheiro in Parana. It was true that there was a better model where the likeness was even more complete in the Vespid Polybia nigra, and Mr. A. Bertoni had taken the Pseuwdosphex with the Polybia in Para- guay. A new species of Pseudosphex was taken with the Vespid Meganthopus cassununga. These two insects so closely resembled one another that even at a distance of eighteen inches or less it was not an easy matter to distinguish them. Besides the general appearance in build, the wings, and the markings, the antennae were remarkable in having exceed- ingly fine white thread-like ends, which became invisible when the insect settled on the white Ageratwm flowers, so that only the black pectinated portion was visible, which exactly re- sembled the antennae of the wasp. Many species of Macro- eneme had developed this remarkable character in the antennae. Several, if not all the species of this genus also carried their hind-legs extended out behind them when in flight, and this gave them an extraordinarily close resemblance to the Pom- pilidae, which had the same habit. The species ‘M/acrocneme lades and M. leucostigma had the hind tibia and tarsus heavily clothed with black hair, and this accentuated the likeness to the heavy black legs of various species of Salus. The heavy flight of such species as Macroeneme lades and M. leucostigma, combined with other characters, made them exceedingly close mimics of various species of Salus among the wasps. (Cieeliv: 9%) Other species of Syntomidae exhibited were the following :— . From Potaro River, British Guiana, Jsanthrene melas, Trichura mathina, Sphecosoma angustatum, and Sphecosoma testaceum, both the latter found with a Pompilid wasp of the genus Pseudagenia, also shown. COorrebidia n. sp., with the Lycid beetle Calopteron serratwm. Pterygopterus clavipennis, with the Pompilid wasp Salius kirby2. From Castro Parana, Rhynchopyga meisteri, with one of the Braconidae. Paraethria triseriata, with the Coleopterous Astylus antis. Although the last did not look much like the moth when dead in a box, on the wing it was wonderfully protected. From Guaruja, near Santos, were exhibited two undescribed species of Z’richuwra which resembled moths in a remarkable way, but the wasps they imitated were, unfortunately, not secured. The very unmothlike habits of moving the abdomen backwards and forwards, the waving of the antennae, and the vibrating of the wings was commented on. The remarkable ‘tail-like appendage in the g in one of the species, as in the well-known species 7vrichura cerberus, represented undoubtedly the ovipositor of an ichneumon. The male sex being the better protected, if protection was the explanation, was very excep- ‘tional, as in the vast majority of cases the female was the ‘better protected. From Caracas, Venezuela, were shown the Syntomid Macrocneme lades, with a Pompilid wasp of an undescribed species. The two insects had been caught flying together. | In the discussion which followed, the PRrrsIpENT said that -cases of close similarity with insects of different Orders were always welcome, and that in this instance Mr. Kaye had ‘Shown that the resemblance extended not only to outside appearances, but to the habits of the several mimics and their models. Arguments based upon cabinet specimens alone as to the supposed resemblance of originals in the field were to be -accepted with caution. Mr. J. W. Turr remarked that the exhibit was of great Interest, particularly in the fact that the specimens exhibited, ‘that resembled each other, were caught at the same time and in the same place by the exhibitor, and not only bore a great Superficial resemblance to one another, although belonging to (lat) )) different Orders, but also in the fact that they still more resembled each other in their habits, either in movement or rest. In some instances, this general resemblance was so great that it was difficult at a casual glance and at a short distance to distinguish them at all accurately, even when dead in the box and removed from those surroundings which aided the greater resemblance, as Mr. Kaye had pointed cut, presented by them when alive in their natural habitats. He trusted that when Mr. Kaye illustrated these, as he hoped he would, that he would do so in those positions in which the resemblance struck him as being most marked in nature, as in most cases the resemblance was entirely lost when the insects were set. He observed that a case of two insects of quite different appearance when looked at even casually with their wings spread, but of remarkable general similarity when at rest on flowers of thyme, had come under his notice in the Sarnthal in August 1909, the one the common steel-blue form, with yellow spots and yellow abdominal belt, of Anthrocera ephialtes, the other a Hymenopteron of similar steel-blue colour and yellow abdominal bands and spots. It was really in- . credible that two such different insects could appear so similar as they did in their normal position of rest. Mr. C. J. GAHAN remarked that, with the exception of one or two, which were amongst the most beautiful of their kind he had ever seen, the examples of mimicry shown by Mr. Kaye were not more striking or more convincing than many others already known, in which the facts in regard to the habits of the insects, and their very close and deceptive resemblance when seen under natural conditions, had been observed and put on record. He thought, therefore, that the -eulogistic terms in which Mr. Tutt had referred to the exhibition, as if facts of that kind had only now for the first time been brought to notice, were scarcely justified. The exhibition was no doubt highly interesting, but its especial interest, in his opinion, was to find the field naturalist confirm- ing those cases of ‘‘museum-made” mimicry which appeared to excite Mr. Tutt’s scepticism. Mr. G. C. CHampion said that almost every case exhibited had already been observed and described by the various authors (iki) interested with the insects of this particular region: and the Rev. F. D. Morice suggested that, speaking from a Hymen- opterist’s point of view, he would not have the least difficulty in distinguishing the Lepidoptera from the Pompilids, and that in the Sahara region, where some models abound, none of the Lepidoptera exist at all. Mr. A. Sica, Dr. T. A. CHapman, and other Fellows also joined in the discussion. VARIATION IN XANTHIA OCELLARIS.—Mr. E. D. Nrvinson showed bred series of Xanthia ocellaris, developing three distinct aberrant forms, and examples of X. fulvago, and X. gilvago for comparison, the exhibit demonstrating the apparent transition from one species to the other through the typical and variant forms. ‘The only other series bred from British ova by Mr. Mills in 1908 displayed no variation of any kind, and were all typical specimens. British ANTHROCERIDS.—The Hon. N. C. Roruscurip ex- hibited a number of Anthrocerids captured in Great Britain, and called attention to some remarkable specimens secured at Ashton Wold, Oundle, which belonged to the form known as Anthrocera hippocrepidis. ‘The exhibitor also showed some enormous specimens of A. filipendulae from the same locality, and pointed out that this large race had apparently exter- minated A. hippocrepidis in a locality where that species had only recently appeared. Commenting on Mr. Rothschild’s exhibits, Mr. J. W. Turr said that Anthrocera hippocrepidis, Stphs., was the most elusive and least known of the British species of the group. It bore certain superficial resemblances to Anthrocera trifolit-minor and A. filipendulae, the gg particularly being prone to smaller size and five-spottedness, by losing the 6th (lower outer) spot on the upper-side, the 9? larger and, in the most developed specimens, strongly six-spotted and scarcely, if at all, different superficially from A. filipendulae. Like Mr. Rothschild, he also found the insect confined to rough pastures, and also with a tendency to die out in one spot and appear in a similar at no great distance. It was usually on the wing in June, early or late, according to season, but, in the same season well ahead of A. filypendulae. He had already included details of its life- (Galaup) history and habits in his ‘‘ Nat. Hist. Brit. Lep.,” vol. i, pp. 532- 538. The two other sets of Anthrocerids exhibited by Mr- Rothschild he thought were A. filipendulae. Dr. W. Bateson, F.R.S., had examined the ¢ genitalia and pronounced A. hippocrepidis as being nearer A. filipendulae than A. trifolu. Papers. Sir George H. Kenrick communicated a paper ‘“‘ On some Rare and Undescribed Butterflies from Dutch New Guinea.” Mr. A. E. Witeman read a paper on “New Species of Heterocera from Japan.” Wednesday, November 2nd, 1910. Dr. F. A. Drxry, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President, in the chair. Election of Fellows. Mr. H. E. Anprewss, of 8, North Grove, Highgate, N.; Mr. J. R. Carney, of Lyndhurst, Fulwood, Preston; the Rev. ArcHIBALD Downes-SHaw, of Kettlestone Rectory, Fakenham, Norfolk; Mr. G. E. Frissy, of 40, Windmill Street, Gravesend; Mr. O. M. Scumipr Gotrmann, of 2, Forest Villas, Whipps Cross Road, Leytonstone, N.E; Mr. Ernest PurRNELL Jones, of 7, Nantwich Road, Crewe; and Count Emitio ‘Turati of 4, Piazza 8S. Alessandro, Milan, were elected Fellows of the Society. Fabre Memorial. The Prestpent handed round for inspection a copy of the plaquette designed in honour of M. J. H. Fabre, of Sérignan, Vaucluse, an Honorary Fellow of the Society, to whom also a presentation was made recently by a number of Entomo- logists of all nations in appreciation of his services to Science. Exhibitions New and Rare Beeties.—Professor Hupson Beare exhibited a specimen of Péerostichus aterrimus, Pk., taken by himself under cut sedges near Stalham, Norfolk, on 19th April, 1910. (thes) Many years ago this insect was apparently fairly common in the Fen District in the Hast of England, but there are no records of its capture for a great number of years, and in fact it was supposed to be extinct in this country. Commander J. J. WALKER brought for exhibition the follow- ing rare Coleoptera :—(a) a specimen of Lathrobium longipenne, Fairm., a beetle recently introduced as a British species, taken at Tubney, Berks., July 29, 1909; (6) a specimen of a remarkable ants’-nest beetle from the Atherton district, New South Wales, described by Mr. A. M. Lea under the name Tretothorax cleistostoma, and regarded by him as representing a new family of Coleoptera, the Tretothoracidae ; also the ant, Odontomachus coriarius, Mayr., with which the beetle was found. ‘These specimens were communicated by Mr. C. French, a Fellow of the Society and Government Entomologist, Victoria, New South Wales ; (c) two specimens of Thomosis guanicola, Broun, a beetle allied to Sphaemdium, etce., taken by Dr. L. Cockayne among penguin guano on the Bounty Islands, 490 miles south-east of New Zealand. Mr. G. C. CHAmpion was of opinion that Zretothorax was a member of the Heteromerous section of the Coleoptera, and Mr. G. C. Ganan that it belonged to the newly-constituted Family Rhysopaussidae. Mr. J. R. ue B. Tomin brought for exhibition examples of the following British Coleoptera: («) Macronychus 4-tuberculatus, Mill., recently rediscovered in the River Teme, and previously only known from the River Dove, and not taken for at least 40 years ; (b) Eniemus hisirio, Joy and Tomlin, a new species described in the November number of the H.M.M.; (c) Laccobius regularis, Rey, from small “sphagnum” pools at New- bury; introduced recently by Dr. Sharp as JZ. scutellarvs, Mots., but now considered by him as more correctly named regularis, Rey; (ad) Cionus longicollis, Bris., taken at Harewood Forest on Verbascum thapsus on June 26, 1909, the only previous capture in Britain being by Mr. Moncreaft at Portsmouth in 1871; and (e) Bembidium tibiale, Duft., a melanic example taken this summer by the River Monnow. Mr. Tomutn also exhibited on behalf of Dr. Davip SHarp, F.RS., examples of (f) Laccobius ytenensis, Sharp, a new Cry) species also described in the current .M.M. ; and (g) Crepi- dodera impressa, Fab., a littoral species recently introduced to the British list by Dr. Sharp from Hayling Island. It has now been found in an exactly similar locality at Poole Harbour by Colonel Yerbury. ASILID AND Prey.—Mr. G. T. Betuune Baxer showed an Asilid which he had taken at Macugnaga in August with a dead 2 Nomiades semiargus in its mouth. ‘The Asilid held the Lycaenid until it was boxed. At the same time’ another Asilid was observed with a beetle, which on being captured was relinquished and lost in the grass. Professor E. B. Poutron, ¥.R.S., said that undoubtedly the Asilids inject a poison into their prey through the proboscis which kills them immediately. Awnt Host anp Guest.—Mr. H. St. J. DontstHorre showed a specimen of Claviger longicornis, Mill, with its host Lasius umbratus, Nyl., taken by Father Schmitz in Germany. He said this species should occur in Britain with the same ant, and that Father Schmitz had told him that April was the best month in which to look for it in the nests of wmbratus under deeply embedded, heavy stones. TERATOLOGICAL SPECIMENS.— Dr. T. A. Carman exhibited an example of Péerostoma palpina, one of a number of similar specimens bred by Mr. L. W. Newman from one brood of larvae, and which may be called as a varietal (or aberrational 1) name, var. brevipennis. It is characterised by the extreme shortness and (comparatively) great breadth of the wings, a forewing measures 15 mm. long and 12 mm. from apex to tornus; a normal specimen taken at random has these measure- ments, 24 mm. long 10 mm. wide. Dr. Chapman expressed regret that such specimens, involving structural variation, are despised in favour of mere colour fluctuations. In the present instance there is a remarkable congenital variation tending to the formation of a race, by way of discontinuity. For com- parison a specimen of Libythea celtis with a shortened wing was shown. It is impossible in the specimens without the histories to say that they were not of identical origin, yet the one is congenital (or even racial), the other the result of a displaced antenna in the pupa. IAVG, IT, SOG, IGP, MOMO, LOE Al. , SS |e ee Photo, F. N. Clark. MALFORMATION IN ACRONYCTA TRIDENS, See 7. Ixi. = ' 1. The specimen X 5. 2. Extremity, xX 16. 3. Interior portion, x 16. 4. Normally appendages lateral view to compare with fig. 1. (ea Dr. CHAPMAN also exhibited on behalf of Rev. C. R. N. Burrows a specimen of malformation cf the male appendages in Acronycta tridens. No similar specimen appears to have been recorded. Instead of occupying their proper situation, the clasps, penis, and penis-sheath formed a mass in the interior of the abdomen, and were accompanied by two, apparently chitinous, bodies, that could hardly be anything else than the two tubercles that represent these parts in the pupa. The specimen suggests in the strongest way that the parts placed internally are really internal parts, that become external at pupation, and have in this specimen remained internal through an arrest in the development of the indi- Diagram to show the parts in normal relations to each other and to the pupal skin A pupal skin; B parts external in specimen; C parts internal in specimen. vidual. It may bear on this that the spines on the eversible membrane (vesica, Pierce) are poorly developed, though the rest of the parts are fully formed, but owing to their situation poorly displayed. On the other hand, all the authorities agree that the clasps at least are dermal appendages, and are developed from dermal structures of the 9th abdominal segments, though any clear demonstration of this appears to be lacking ; but in support of this view (the dermal origin of the clasps) they possess scales and hairs which can hardly be possessed by processes from the interior. Another hypothesis would be that the clasps are dermal, but become internal for a time (not unlike the wings) and here failed to return. The specimen in fact raises more questions than it settles. ( Ibo } Brep Leucanta L-ALBUM.—Mr. H. M. Epetsren exhibited a bred example of Leucania l-albwm of which he gave the following account :— “In the ‘ Entomologist,’ vol. xlii, p. 322 (1909), Mr. E. P. Sharp recorded the capture of a 2 specimen of Leucania l-album, from which he obtained a few ova. On November 4, he noticed they had begun to turn colour and on the 5th they went quite black and begun to hatch in the evening. The larvae ate up the empty egg-shells and some infertile eggs, but refused any other food, though he tried almost everything. They wandered about, and on being supplied with a section of an old reed stem they promptly entered it, and on finding their way into the inner lining commenced to hibernate. “The larva was about 25 mm. in length, of a brownish grey colour, head and plate on prothoracic segment yellowish brown, and it had a few small bristles from tubercles. ‘“Mr, Sharp very kindly sent me five larvae, and on February 22 I noticed three had come out of the reed and were moving about (the other two had perished). They at once changed their skins, and when this was over they started to nibble some Poa annua which I gave them. ‘Two more died during the second moult, but the remaining one grew up slowly, pupated on June 11, and produced a fine Qon July 14. My. Sharp unfortunately lost all his. This species is double-brooded on the Continent, emerging in May- June and August-September. J think we may overlook the first brood in this country. The larvae seem hardy enough, mine were kept in an old outhouse facing north.” VARIATION OF LUPERINA GUENKEI.—Mr. R. Souru showed an exceedingly interesting and rather variable series of Luperina guenéet, Doubleday,’ sent him by Mr. W. Yates, of St. Anne’s- on-Sea, who obtained them, chiefly this year, on the Lancashire coast. Commenting on his exhibit he said—‘The first specimen in the series (No. 1) agrees well with the original description of ZL. guwenéei, the others show more or less of the typical ochreous coloration but are variable in marking. Mr. Yates considered the four specimens, Nos. 3-6, to be melanic forms of L. guenéez, but I find that they are certainly dark aberrations of JL. testacea, probably referable to ab. (acini) nigrescens, Tutt. The colour of the forewings, however, is not: ‘blackish grey’ neither is it ‘black,’ but ranges from greyish brown (No. 3) through dark brown (Nos. 4—5) to blackish brown (No. 6) ; the pale edging of the transverse lines is distinct in all the specimens. “Recently there has been a report that melanic specimens of LL. gquenéet had been obtained this year on the Lancashire coast. The darkest specimen of the species that has come under my notice is No. 15 in the series now exhibited, and even this is very little darker than typical guenéei, but there is little ochreous in its coloration. Probably the rumour arose from some error in identification, as in the present case. ‘The two species are somewhat similar in a general kind of way, but among other points of difference that might be mentioned, two stand out clearly, and study of these should enable us to easily distinguish one species from the other. “In testacea the subterminal line is excurved between veins 5-7, outwardly angled at vein 3, thence incurved to the dorsum ; the area beyond the line is nearly always darker even in dark specimens, than the general colour. The same line in guenéer (usually edged with white on the costal area) is not angulated at vein 3, and the outward turn between veins. 5-7 is not curved, but forms a square bracket ; the area beyond the line is not darker than the general colour, but often much paler, even whitish.” ORIA MUSCULOSA IN Britarn.—Mr. Sours also exhibited three of six specimens of Oria (Synia) musculosa, taken in the Salisbury district, in August 1909, by Mr. H. Haynes, who captured three others in August of the present year. The hind- wings of the specimens exhibited are darker than are those of any other British or Continental specimen seen by the exhibitor, with the exception of one rather small specimen from Capri, in the British Museum Collections. The species is undoubtedly scarce in Britain, and most of the Specimens recorded, or about which anything is definitely known, have been taken in Sussex, chiefly on the coast, and at long intervals between the years 1855 and 1883. Single examples have been recorded from Kent and 8. Devon, the latter in 1899. The range of 0. musculosa would seem to ( bay >) extend westward from Syria and Asia Minor to Spain, Algeria, and the Canaries, and northward te Germany, France, England and Denmark. ABERRANT LEpIpopTERA.—Mr. F. C. OLDAKER showed a case, containing various aberrant forms of Lepidoptera, viz. :—(qa) an example of Argynnis aglaia, a very dark form taken at Chatelard, Valais, Switzerland, on August 16, 1909; (4) examples of Polygonia C-album bred from ova, September 16-21, 1910, sent by Mr. L. W. Newman from the Wye Valley, including one specimen, a 9, of a very pale form; (c) a series of Noctua ditrapezium, including a form in which the ground- colour of the fore-wings is almost uniform dark reddish brown, the usual black markings being only slightly darker than the vest of the wing, and very faintly discernible ; and (d) a series of Hpione advenaria, bred from ova at Haslemere, 1907 ; one of a remarkable form very much smaller than usual, and of a uniform dull brown colour, with white fringes, but no markings on the wings. ‘The specimen is a 9, and is recorded in the “ Entomologist,” Vol. xli, p. 157, being similar to the male recorded (loc. cit.) Vol. xlii, p. 201, taken April 8, 1907, by Captain Cardew. Me.itarip Variery.—Mr. A. H. Jones exhibited a series of Melitaea dictynna, var. vernetensis, Obth., taken by him this year at Vernet-les-Bains, Pyrénées-Orientales, and said that in his opinion the so-called variety was probably a distinct species, having regard to its general appearance, and the surroundings in which it is taken. With it he also showed examples of MW. dictynna type, and J. athalia for comparison. Papers. The Rev. F. D. Moricr, M.A., read a paper entitled ‘‘ Hymen- optera Aculeata collected in Algeria: The Sphegidae,”’ being Part V.of the work commenced by the late EDwaRD SAUNDERS, F.R.S., F.E.S., in the Trans. Ent. Soc., 1904, p. 515. Professor E. B. Poutron, D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S., communicated a paper entitled “ Experiments with the larva and pupa of Uropteryx sambucaria in connection with their Colour Sur- roundings,” by EnizaBetH BripcEs. The PRESIDENT, at the close of the discussion which followed, ( ibay )) proposed a special vote of thanks to Miss BrincEs, who was present, and this was carried unanimously. Dr. Maucozrm Burr, D.Sc., M.A., communicated a paper entitled ‘“‘ A Revision of the Labiidae, a Family of Dermaptera.” Wednesday, November 16th, 1910. Dr. F. A. Drxty, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Nomination of Officers and Council for 1911. Mr. H. Rowianp-Browy, one of the Secretaries, announced that the Council had nominated the following Fellows to act as officers for 1911: President, Mr. J. W. Tutt; Treasurer, Mr. A. H. Jones; Secretaries, Commander J. J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., F.L.S., and the Rev. G. Wuerrter, M.A., F.Z.8. ; Librarian, Mr. G. C. CuAmpion, F.Z.8., A.L.S.; and as other members of the Council, Mr. R. Apxin, Professor T. Hupson Brare, B.Sc., F.R.S.E.; Mr. G. T. Bernune-Baxer, F.ZS. ; Dr. M. Burr, D.Sce., F.LS., F.Z.8.; Mr. H. Sr. J. Donis- THORPE, F.Z.8.; Mr. J. H. Durrant, Professor Srtwyn Image, M.A.; Dr. K. Jorpan, Ph.D.; Mr. A. Sicu, Mr. J. R. we B. Tomuin, M.A.,and Mr. H. J. Turner. Appointment of Auditors. The following Fellows were appointed to act as auditors of the Society’s account for the current year: Mr. H. Sr. J. DonistHoree, F.Z.8., Dr. T. A. Coapman, M.D., F.Z.S.; Mr. R. Wyure Luoyp, Mr. A. Sicu, Mr. H. J. Turner, and Mr. C. O. WATERHOUSE. Darwin Medal. The PresipEntT having announced that the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society was to be presented to Mr. Roianp Trimen, M.A., F.R.S., a Past-President of the Society, it was agreed unanimously to convey to the recipient the hearty congratulations of the Entomological Society of London. Election of Fellows. Dr. GzorrreY Dovenuas Hate Carpenter, M.A., M.B., Uganda Medical Service, Uganda Protectorate ; Mr. WILLIAM PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1910. E (iba) B. Gurney, Assistant, Government Entomological Department of Agriculture, Sydney, N.S.W.; and Mr. J. C. Hawxsuaw, Hollycomb, Liphook, Sussex, were elected Fellows of the Society. Exhibitions. Rare PataEarctic Moru.—The Hon. N. C. Roruscuitp brought for exhibition some examples of a rare Noctuid moth, Oxytripia orbiculosa, Esp., collected by himself and Miss Sarolta von Wertheimstein, at Puszta Peszer, in Hungary, during the first week of October of this year, where examples of both sexes were secured. The exhibitor made some remarks on the curious habits of the moth illustrated by photographs of one of the sandy spots in the wood it frequents, and recalled the adventurous history of its discovery and re-discovery in Hungary. The Hon. N.C. Roruscuixp also exhibited examples of two species of flea, Ctenocephalus canis (dog-flea) and Ctenocephalus felis (cat-flea), and stated that, though still frequently con- sidered to be identical, they were really quite distinct species. The exhibitor also remarked that the two had been united by Dr. Taschenberg under the name of serraticeps, a name which most certainly could not be retained. Under the microscope it was seen that whereas the head of the dog-flea was rounded, that of the cat-flea was long and flat. . Rare British Breertes.—Dr. G. Nicnotson showed the example of Lathrobiwm longipenne, Kairm,, taken by him at Croydon, in May 1910, of which a specimen was exhibited by Commander J. J. Walker at the last meeting of the Society. Professor T. Hupson Beare exhibited specimens of three species of beetles, all taken abundantly by him at Nethy Bridge, Inverness-shire, during July and August 1910, viz.: (a) Hrir- rhinus aethiops, F.—This species occurred in great abundance in a mere handful of flood refuse on the banks of the river Spey. ‘The only other record of its occurrence in numbers is that given by the Rev. W. F. Johnson from the North of Ireland ; (6) Criocephalus rusticus, De}.—This species was taken in numbers in the stumps of, and in small standing Scotch fir-trees in a portion of the pine woods which surround the village, and ( lxvii ) which had been swept over by a forest fire some few years ago. There was no doubt that the larvae had a preference for this burnt timber, as they were much more abundant in this area than in similar timber in adjacent parts of the woods; (c) Zeugophora turnert, Pow.—This species was beaten in great profusion from aspens growing near Loch an-Hilan. Many of the specimens were slightly immature, and as the species had been taken early in June by Mr. Donisthorpe, near Braemar, there is little doubt that this insect is double brooded. EXPERIMENTS witH Ants’ Nests.—Mr. W. C. Craw.ey exhi- bited a colony of the ant Lasius niger which had accepted as queen a 92 of Lasius umbratus in 1908. Up to this autumn the only ants which had come to maturity in the nest were pure Lasius niger, thus confirming Reichenbach’s experiments (“ Biologische Centralblatt,” July 15, 1902, p. 461), that Lasius niger 8s are able to produce Os parthenogenetically. It was hitherto supposed that Ss of ants could only lay eggs that produced ¢s, on the analogy of bees. A similar colony dating from 1896 gave similar results (‘‘ Science Gossip,” May 1900). In connection with Mr. Crawley’s exhibit Mr. H. Sr. J. DonistHorPE exhibited ¢ g, winged and wingless 2 9? and 3@ of Lasius niger and L. umbratus for comparison. He remarked that wmbratus was a scarce but widely distributed ant of con- siderable interest. Mr. Barnes has recorded nine wingless ? ? in a nest of Formica sanguinea at Wellington College, and he himself had found 6 6 in some numbers on several occasions with the same ant at Woking. Wasmann has recorded umbratus with niger. It is probable that Z. wmbratus 9 is unable to found her own nests and is a temporary social parasite on niger. Mr. Crawley’s observations and experiments go to confirm this. Mr. DonistHorPE also exhibited g g¢, wingedand wingless 2 ? and 69 of Lastus fuliginosus, and pointed out that it was now proved that the 2 9 of this ant often founded their colonies with wnbratus. He quoted Wasmann, Forel, Emery, Crawley and his own observations, and stated that Mr. Crawley and he intended to make experiments with these ants next year. In connection with the 6 9 bred in Mr. Crawley’s nest from E 2 ( ibavith)) parthenogenitic eggs laid by the myer 09, he added that Reichenbach had bred 300 3 5 and several dozen ¢ ¢ from eggs laid by twelve mger 0 5 from 1899 to 1902. Mrs. Comstock had also reared 6 G in a Qless nest of L. niger, var. americanus, in 1902 in America. These facts confute Dzierzon’s hypothesis, which has been tacitly extended to ants, that parthenogenitic eggs laid by the honey-bee 6 6 only produce ¢ g. This has never been properly demonstrated. Finally, he remarked that it was a pity that 2 2 ants had been treated, and expected to behave, like 9 9? bees, which was not the case, and it had no doubt retarded their proper study. CLOSE RESEMBLANCE OF BUTTERFLIES FROM SOUTH AMERICA.— Mr. W. J. Kaye exhibited specimens of Lueides pavana (Heliconidae), Actinote thalia (Acraeidae), and Dismorphia actinote from 8. Brazil. Comment was made as to the very close resemblance between the first two. The resemblance was greatest on the underside, but the upperside also showed considerable converge of colouring. The specimen of /. pavana exhibited had been caught and papered by Mr. Kaye as an example of the common Actinote thalia. ‘The specimen of Dismorphia actinote caught on the Corcovado at Rio de Janeiro, was shown principally as a mimetic species, for which a sharp look-out was kept, while the much more convergent Heliconidae had been passed over, because unsuspected. The Dismorphia, while only a partial approach to the Actinote on the upperside, was extremely close on the underside, with the hindwing brought well over the forewing in an attitude of rest. ABERRANT Leprpoprera.—Mr. L. W. Newman exhibited examples of Abraxas grossulariata, bred October 1910 as a second brood, including two ab. varleyata ¢ 3, one very finely rayed with white both on the fore- and hindwings, and one with the yellow band replaced by a very narrow pale lemon band, the parents being typical forms, and grandparents varleyata g x type 9. He also showed an interesting Lycaena supposed to be a natural hybrid between Agriades thetis (bellargus) g x Polyommatus iwarus, 9, taken wild near Folkestone, on September 10th last; the underside showing both thetis and icarus characteristics, with those of zca7us most pronounced, Glia) the upperside a fine thetis colour with white fringes, the shape of wings being also curious, rather suggesting that of Agriades cordon. Specimens of A. coridon, A. thetis, and P. icarus were also exhibited for comparison. Mr. G. T. BetHune-BAKER, having examined this exhibit, gave it as his opinion that the butterfly was merely an aberrant form of Polyommatus icarus. Iranian RuopaLAcera.—Mr. Puintie J. Barraup brought for exhibition a case containing several series of a large form of Satyrus statilinus from the Aurunci Mts., Southern-Central Italy ; series of Parnassius mnemosyne, var. frihstofert, from Mt. Petrella, Aurunci Mts., 9,000 ft. ; series of Colias edusa and ab. helice, from Formia ; a very small specimen of Gono- pteryx cleopatra, measuring 37 mm., from Formia; and four examples of a large form of Pamphila comma from Southern- Central Italy. Papers. The following papers were read :— “ On the early stages of Latiorina (Lycaena) orbitulus, Prun., an Amyrmecophelous Plebeiid butterfly,” and “On the larva of Orgyia Seno, Rbr. (dubia),” by Dr. T. A. CHapman, M.D., F.Z.S. a N otes on Insect Enemies in the Tropics, and their Influence on Mimicry,” by Epwarp A. Cockayne, F.E.S. “New Genera and Species of Striphnopterygidae and Lasiocampidae,” by Professor CuristoPHER AURIVILLIUS, Hon. Wednesday, December 7th, 1910. Mr. H. Rowranp-Brown, M.A., Vice-President, in the Chair. Nomination of Officers and Council, 1911. The SEcrRETARY again read out the names of the Fellows nominated to serve as Officers, and other members of the Council for 1911. (i b:o:<im) Election of Fellows. Mr. R. Stewart MacDovueatt, M.A., D.Se., F.R.S.E., of Edinburgh University ; and Mr. Huen Freperick Stonenam, Lieutenant, East Surrey Regiment, of ‘“‘ Kingswear,” Streat- ham Park, 8.W., were elected Fellows of the Society. Letter of Congratulation to Mr. Roland Trimen, F.R.S. « KNTOMOLOGICAL Society oF Lonpon, ‘‘1]1 CHANDOS STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W. ‘“ DrarR Mr. TRIMEN, ‘“* At the last meeting of the Entomological Society of London, it was proposed from the Chair and carried unanimously— “< That the hearty congratulations of the Society be accorded to Mr. Roland Trimen, M.A., F.R.S., on the occasion of the award to him of the Royal Society’s Darwin Medal.’ “Tn conveying to you this expression of the Entomological Society’s appreciation of the honour conferred on a dis- tinguished ex-President, we should wish to add that, in our opinion, this event reflects no less honour upon the donors than upon the recipient of the Medal. You are known to all generations of scientific men as a veteran worker among those who have found their chief inspiration in the principles laid down by Charles Darwin. Among living naturalists there are few indeed whose merits as associates and fellow-workers with Darwin can bear comparison with your own; and we feel sure that all alike, in rejoicing at this public recognition of your life-long services to Biological science, will agree that the present honour could not have been more worthily bestowed. ; “ (Signed ) HA. Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President. “ H. RowLanp-Brown, M.A. } Seeretaries. “J.J. Wavker, M.A., R.N., F.LS. “ RoLanD Trimen, Esq., M.A., F.R.S,, F.LS. ** December 1910,” ( ikea )) Travel Grant. The Vick-PRESIDENT announced that Mr. F. Merririe.p had most generously offered to renew his donation to the Travel Grant of the Society, and proposed a vote of thanks, which was given unanimously. Collection of North American Beetles. The VicE-PRESIDENT announced that he had received from Dr, A. Frynes, of Pasadena, California—who was recently elected a Fellow—and exhibited on his behalf, four boxes con- taining an admirable collection of North American Aleocharine Coleoptera, which the donor had kindly offered to the Society. In the absence of any collections belonging exclusively to the Entomological Society of London, however, he had asked Dr. Frynes to authorise a transfer of the gift to the British Museum (Natural History), and he therefore, with the consent of the Meeting, handed it over to Mr. G. J. ARRow for that purpose. Mr. G. J. Arrow, on behalf of the British Museum, said that the donation would be greatly appreciated, as it included examples of many rare species of North American Aleocharinae not represented in the National Collections. Lxhibitions. RaRE AND VARIANT DipteRA.—Mr. H. W. ANpDREWS ex- hibited a short series of Carphotricha guttularis, Mg., a scarce Trypetid, taken at Milford Haven in July last, and a specimen of a unicolorous form of Prosena sybarita, F., from North Kent, July 30, 1910. IntRopucED anD New Insects.—Commander J. J. WALKER exhibited (a) specimens of Syagrius intrudens, Wat., an Australian weevil, which had been introduced into a fernery at Glasnevin, co. Dublin, where it had done considerable damage; communicated by Mr. J. N. Halbert, M.R.LA.: and of (b) Conops signata, Wiedemann, g and 9, a Dipteron new to Britain, taken at Tubney, Berks, September 11, 1910, and exhibited on behalf of the captor, Mr. Joseph Collins, of the Oxford University Museum. Rake AND Variant Coreoprera.—Mr, E, C. Brapwetu ( -Ixxu ) brought for exhibition examples of (a) Bruchus pectinicornis, L. This beetle, as a rule, is looked upon as being introduced into Britain, and only to be met with in granaries and similar places; the specimen exhibited was, however, swept on an open hillside at Chipstead, Surrey, August 14, 1910: also (6) Badister bipustulatus, F., a variety of this common species, the usual black patches on the elytra being reduced to two small black dots ; from Chipstead, May 8, 1910. Bracuypererous Ants.—Mr. W. C. Crawiey showed, with normal examples, a brachypterous 2 of the ant Lasius flavus, found at Oddington, near Oxford, in August 1900, at which locality about the same time were observed 9° of L. niger with short wings. Professor Wheeler has found similar ? 9 of American ants with the abdomen containing a nematode worm. My. H. St. J. DonistHorPE remarked that Herr Mrazek had recently shown that the short wings in 9@ of Lasvus alienus were caused by the ant being infested by a nematode worm of the genus Mermis, and he called them ‘‘ Mermithogynes,” and that Professor Wheeler had found this to be the case with short-winged 9 9 of LZ. neoniger in America. He now exhibited a short-winged ¢ of Technomyrmex albipes, Smith, together with an ordinary winged ¢ which he had recently taken at Kew, and suggested that the former might be caused in the same way : also ergatoid ¢¢ of the same species taken at the same time. Forel has described this form from specimens captured by the exhibitor, and suggests that they may be caused by the presence of parasite guests entertained by the Technomyrmex in the same way as Pseudogynes are caused by the presence of Lomechusa with F. sanguinea. He further exhibited two forms of Prenolepis brauert, sub- sp. donisthorpet, Forel, taken at Kew. A black form 66 and g taken in the Fern House and a red form 96 from the Palm House. Brep Rare British Leprportera.—Mr. H. M. EpeEnsTen exhibited series of the following rare British Heterocera, viz. : (a) Dianthoecta luteago, var. barretiit, bred 1910, from Devon larvae ; (6) Tapinostola extrema, bred from Northamptonshire larvae, July 1910; (c) Zapinostola hellmanni, bred trom larvae ( lxxiii ) taken in Wicken Fen, June 1910, and (d) a pale variety of Meliana flammea, bred from larvae collected in the Norfolk Broads, together with a type specimen for comparison. Butrerrty anD Mimic.—Mr. H. H. C. Druce brought for exhibition a remarkable Nymphaline butterfly from the Himalayas, Parhestina jermyn, n. sp., with Aporia agathon, var, phryxe, the Pierid it mimics closely—the subject of a paper read by him. Metanism IN Meitarrps.—Mr. H. Rownanp-Brown ex- hibited, together with typical examples for comparison, two fine melanic aberrations of Melitaea parthenie, Bork., one of which resembled ab. rhoio, Oberthiir (Lépid. Comparée, fase. iv. pl. xliv), taken at 2,800 ft., at Clelles, Isére, France, July 23, 1910; and also two very remarkable black aberrations of Melitaea varia, taken by him in company with Mr. C. F. Johnson, July 20, 1907, at the top of the Simplon Pass, 7,000 ft. Papers. Mr. Haminton H. C. Drucs, F.L.S., F.Z.S., read a paper entitled ‘“‘ Description of a new Nymphaline Butterfly from British India.” Mr. H. St. J. DonistuHorre, F.Z.8., read a paper entitled “ Further Observations on Temporary Social Parasitism, and Slavery in Ants.” Dr. T. A. Coapman, M.D., F.Z.S., read a paper on “Two new species of Lycaenopsis from Sarawak, Borneo.” M. Ernest OLIvIER communicated a paper entitled ‘“‘ Description of two new species of Zuciola in the Collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes,” (Gilscxavim) ANNUAL MEETING. Dr. F, A. Dixsy, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Mr. R. Wyuiz Lioyp, one of the Auditors, read the Treasurer’s Balance Sheet, showing a balance of £30 11s. 10d. in the Society’s favour. On the motion of Mr. R. 8S. Sranpsn, seconded by Mr. F. Enock, the Balance Sheet was adopted unanimously. Mr. H. Rownanp-Brown, one of the Secretaries, then read the following :— Report of the Council. During the Session 1910-11 nine Fellows have died, viz. Mr. C. G. Bignell, Mr. G. W. Kirkaldy, Mr. Oliver C. Goldthwait, Mr. George Henry, Mr. W. A. Luff, Mr. Albert Piffard, Mr. George S. Saunders, F.L.S., Mr. Edward Saunders, F.R.S., F.L.S., and Mr. James William Tutt; ten Fellows have resigned, and the names of eleven Fellows have been removed from the list. The number of Fellows deceased is about the average, the number of names removed from the list slightly above it; but it is highly satisfactory to observe that the number of elections into the Society is the highest recorded in our annals; the long list of candidates for election in the early part of the current year indicating that we may look for an annual increase on this scale to become normal in the future—the wider range of research adopted by our Fellows, and the more general recognition by the public as a consequence of Entomology as a practical science, being responsible in our opinion for this highly satisfactory state of things. At present the Society consists of twelve Honorary Fellows, and five hundred and forty-two ordinary Fellows, making a total of five hundred and fifty-four. The Transactions for the year 1910 form a volume of five hundred and thirty-three pages, containing twenty Memoirs (@ dbe47 Bs) by the following authors: George T. Bethune-Baker, F.Z.5., Arthur G. Butler, Ph.D., F.L.8., F.Z.8., Malcolm Burr, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Dr. Thomas Algernon Chapman, M.D., _ E.Z.8. (two), H. St. J. Donisthorpe, F.Z.8., T. Bainbrigge Fletcher, R.N., Dr. Joseph Lane Hancock, Norman H. Joy, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Arthur M. Lea, Edward Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S. (two), the Rev. Francis David Morice, M.A. (part author of one paper with the late Edward Saunders, F.h.8.) (two), Claude Morley, Ernest Olivier, Louis B. Prout, Roland Trimen, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.8,, and Rowland EH. Turner (two). Of these, eight papers relate to Lepidoptera, three to Coleoptera, six to Hymenoptera, two to Orthoptera, and one is of general entomological interest. The Memoirs above referred to are illustrated by sixty plates—a record number—of which eight are coloured. Towards the cost of Plates I-XIII Mr. G. Bethune-Baker has contributed £5; towards the cost of Plates XIV, XV (chromo) Dr. T. A. Chapman has contributed half the ex- penses, and also has given the cost of the blocks for Plates XVI-XLIII, and LI-LX, together with that of Plate A in the Proceedings ; for the Plates XLIV and XLVII Dr. Malcolm Burr supplied the drawings, and Mr. L. B. Prout the drawings for Plate XLVIII (chromo); towards the cost of Plate L (chromo) Mr. Rowland E. Turner has contributed the sum of £10. The volume of Proceedings consists of seventy-three pages in all, containing many notices as well as several short papers of scientific interest, one of which is illustrated by a half-tone block, the gift of Dr. T. A. Chapman. Mr. F’. Merrifield, one of our past Presidents, again having volunteered a handsome donation to the Travel Fund, we were in a position last summer to send one of our Fellows, Mr. B. C. 8. Warren, abroad for a prolonged entomological tour in South-eastern France. We feel sure that the con- ditions of this grant have only to be brought home to Fellows to be more generally appreciated, and utilised by those who are anxious to pursue their entomological studies outside the United Kingdom. / At the first Congress of Entomology, held at Brussels in (Gtixenvin 9) August last, we were represented officially by Dr. F. A. _ Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., Mr. Roland Trimen, M.A., F.R.S., Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe, F.Z.S., and Mr. F. Merrifield ; the great success of the meeting being in no small degree due to the energy and interest displayed by the Fellows of our Society, of whom the Hon. Walter Rothschild, M.A., D.Sc., and Dr. Karl Jordan, Ph.D. (Chairman of the Executive Committee), Professor Poulton, F.R.S., Dr. F. A. Dixey, F.R.S., Mr. H. Rowland-Brown, M.A., Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, and Dr. Malcolm Burr, D.Sc. (General Secretary of the Hxecutive Committee), were elected permanent members of the International Council. We are interested to know that a second Congress of Entomology is to be held next year at Oxford, under the Presidency of Professor E. B. Poulton, D.Sc., F.R.S., Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford, and past President of our Society. At the International Congress of Zoology, held at Gratz in August last, our delegates were the Hon. Walter Rothschild, M.A., D.Se., and Dr. Karl Jordan, Ph.D. The Treasurer reports that after carrying forward to 1911 £23 2s. for subscriptions paid in advance in 1910, and in- vesting £47 5s.in Consols for three Life Compositions received during that period, making the total sum so invested £1,045 6s. 3d., there remains a genuine cash balance in the Society’s favour of £30 11s. 10d. An analysis of these figures shows that the new system of combining the printing and distribution accounts ensures a considerable saving of money, and that we are now well able to discharge all liabilities incurred for the cost of producing the Transactions and Proceedings within the current session. It must be borne in mind also that the general expenditure of the Society for the year includes also the cost of production, and of the design of the new seal of the Society, which will henceforth be affixed to all official documents issued by the Council. This improved condition of our finances is due in great measure to the services rendered by the late Mr. J. W. Tutt, by whose untimely death the Council and the Society suffer (Ge Lexvill i) an irreparable loss in the management and control of their business affairs. In conclusion the Librarian announces that thirty volumes, and a large number of Separata, together with the usual Periodicals, have been added to the Library, and that greatly increased use has been made of it for purposes of study and reference by Fellows; also the issue of books for home work has been considerably extended. H. Rownanp-Brown, J. J. Waker, R.N., Hon. Secretartes. ENtTomMoLoeicaL Society or Lonpon, 11, CHanpos SrreetT, CAVENDISH SquarRn, W. 18th January, 1911. On the motion of Mr. R. ApKIN, seconded by Mr. J. H. Durrant, the Report was adopted unanimously. The Secretaries also presented the following Report of the Brussels International Congress of Entomology :— THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY. AFTER preliminary meetings in London and Brussels extending over close upon two years, the first International Congress of Entomology assembled at Brussels, and continued in session from August 1 to August 6. Our Society, of whom the Executive Officers, the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Dr. Karl Jordan, Dr. G. B. Longstaff, Professor Poulton, F.R.S., Mr. G. A. K. Marshall and Dr. M. Burr, had already served upon the General Committee, was specially represented by Dr. F. A. Dixey, F.R.S., Mr. Roland Trimen, F.R.S., Mr. F. Merrifield and Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe, while these and other Fellows had been chosen by the following Public Bodies, Universities and Societies to represent them respectively. Colonial Office: The Hon. N. C. Rothschild, M.A., F.LS., F.ZS8. (also delegate for the Tropical African Entomological Research Committee). Board of Agriculture: Dr. R. Stewart MacDougall, M.A., D.Sc. (O) xex vali) Commonwealth of Australia: Professor F. V. Theobald, M.A. Commonwealth of South Africa: Mr. Roland Trimen, M.A., FE R.S., E.LS. ‘ British Museum (Natural History): The Hon. Walter Rothschild, D.Sc., F.Z.8., F.L.S. Royal Society and Linnean Society: Professor Poulton, DS cymEeiy S: Zoological Society : Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, F.Z.S. University of Cambridge : Professor R. C. Punnett, M.A. University of Oxford: Dr. F, A. Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.R.S.; Professor Poulton, D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S.; Dr. Malcolm Burr, D.Sc. University of Edinburgh: Dr. R. Stewart MacDougall, M.A., D.Sc. University of London: Professor F. V. Theobald, M.A. Royal British Arboricultural Society: Mr. A. T. Gillanders. Agricultural Research Institute of Pusa, Bengal: Mr. F. M. Howlett, M.A., while numerous other Local Bodies, Insti- tutes and Associations were also represented by Fellows and others : the total membership of the Congress amounting to 292, of whom 67 were British subjects. Proceedings began with an informal reception on Sunday, July 31, at the Taverne Royale, given by the Entomological Society of Belgium, at which Professor Lameere, the President of the Congress, received the guests, assisted by the Baron G. de Crombrugghe de Piquendaele, ably supported by Madame Lameere, M. Severin, to whose energy and courtesy the success of the meeting was so largely due, Madame, and Mdlle. Severin, and a number of other Belgian entomologists and their friends, each member of the Congress receiving a prettily designed badge in white metal, and a free pass into the Exhibition for the week. But it was not until the following day that the session was opened in the Salles des Fétes, which had been put at the disposal of the Congress by the Committee of the Brussels Exhibition. Here Professor Lameere, Rector of the Free University of Brussels, delivered an address of welcome, and as soon as the subsequent formalities had been complied with, (| Lbro-die) | )) Professor Y. Sjéstedt, of the Stockholm *Natural History Museum, gave a vivid account, with lantern illustrations, of the entomological discoveries, and the work done by the Swedish Expedition to Kilimandjaro, of which he had been leader ; while other papers were read in the adjoining rooms assigned to the several Sections detailed for the day. During the Session the following papers were read or communicated by Fellows of our Society :— | Section oF Economic anp PatHotocicaL Entomotocy.— «‘The Artificial Distribution of Insect Pests” (Professor F. V. Theobald) ; “ Galerucella lineola, its Life History and Habits, - with notes on Preventive and Remedial Researches” (Dr. R. Stewart MacDougall); “The Distribution of the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Stegomyia fasciata” (Professor F. V. Theobald) ; ‘‘Kconomical Questions in Bengal” (J. M. Howlett). Section oF Bionomics, Pyoysionocy anD PsycHoLogy.— “ Note on the Chemical Constitution of the red-coloured Secretion of Zimarcha tenebricosa’”’ (communicated by Professor K. W. Carlier and C. L. Evans); “Les Accouplements Anormaux chez les Insectes ” (EH. Olivier). SEcTION oF Evonution anD Mimicry.—“ Mimicry” (Dr. F. A. Dixey, F.R.8.); ‘‘ Mendelism and Lepidoptera” (Professor R. C. Punnett); ‘‘ Experimental Entomology” (F. Merri- field); “ A quoi sert le Mimétisme?” (W. Schaus); ‘The Systematics of certain Lepidoptera which resemble each other, and their bearing on general questions of Evolution” (Dr. K. Jordan) ; “ Mr. C. A. Wiggins’s Researches on Mimicry in the Forest Butterflies of Uganda, 1909, 1910” (Professor H. B. Poulton, F.R.S.). SECTION OF NOMENCLATURE AND OF BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND PaPEeRS OF GENERAL ENtomMoLogicAL InrEREsT.—“ The Im- portance of the Uniform Use of Technical Terms referring to Types, Co-type, etc., and on the Right of Authors to change the Names given by other Authors” (H. H. Lyman) ; together with the following papers on subjects of general entomological interest, the majority of which, with the above, will appear, as we are informed, in the Transactions of the Congress presently to be published. ‘‘La Géographie et la Phylogénie des Fourmis’”’ (A. Forel, Hon, F.E.S.); “ Ants (Ibex) and their Guests,” with lantern demonstration (H. St. J. Donisthorpe) ; ‘‘On the Conservation of Types in Museums” (the Rev. W. J. Holland, Hon. F.E.8.); “The Preservation of Collections in Tropical Climates” (J. M. Howlett) ; ‘ Dis- tribution Géographique, et Physiologie des Coleoptéres Lam- pyrides ” (HE. Olivier). While among the papers read by others of our countrymen who are not Fellows may be mentioned “The Disinfection of Imported Seeds of Plants, and the Use of Insecticides,’ by Sir Daniel Morris, K.C.M.G., D.Sc., D.C.L., F.R.S., representing the Royal Colonial Institute, and the Imperial Department of Agriculture in the West Indies ; and “ Notes on the Cistrides (Diptera),” by Dr. G. H. Carpenter, representing the Royal College of Science, Dublin. At the final general meeting the President, Professor Lameere, having briefly summed up the work done, and con- gratulated the Congress upon the unqualified success of its first session, it was decided that a second Congress should be held in the summer of 1912. As delegate of Oxford Uni- versity, Professor Poulton, supported by his co-delegates, Dr. F, A. Dixey and Dr. Malcolm Burr, with the other Oxford Graduates present, cordially invited the members to the University city, an invitation which was accepted with enthusiasm. Meanwhile the more serious business had been relieved by excursions to various places of interest and beauty in the neighbourhood, including the Congo Museum of Tervueren and the Brussels National History Museum. The visit to the battlefield of Waterloo, under the able direction of M. Charles Kerremans, who has an unrivalled knowledge of the site and details of the battle,.was very popular. On Friday, August 5, the success of the Congress was also celebrated by a banquet, where there gathered together many leaders of the Science, wearing numerous brilliant orders conferred by Sovereigns and other heads of States. ‘The celebrations ter- minated with a reception, given by M. Max, Burgomaster of Brussels, in the Hotel de Ville. And there, amid a scene of brilliance and splendour, entomologists of all nations, old friends as well as new, speaking many languages, bade one another farewell. A detailed Report of the Congress by Dr. ( Ixxxi ) & M. Burr was published in “The Times,” August 10, 1910, and of the work of the British and Irish members in the “ Entomologist,” Vol. xliii, p. 233, by Mr. H. Rowland-Brown. Of the British contingent attending (67 in all) the following are Fellows of the Society :—G. J. Arrow, R. 8. Bagnall, Dr. M. Burr, G. C. Champion, Dr. F. A. Dixey, F.R.S.; H. St. J. Donisthorpe, H. Eltringham, G. C. Gahan, A. J. Gillanders, Sir A. Buchan-Hepburn, Bart.; Dr. W. J. Holland, J. M. Howlett, A. H. Jones, Dr. K. Jordan, E. G. Joseph, Dr. G. B. Longstaff, H. H. Lyman, Dr. R. S. MacDougall, G. A. K. Marshall, G. Meade Waldo, F. Merrifield, Professor EK. B. Poulton, F.R.S., Professor R. C. Punnett, the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, the Hon. Walter Rothschild, H. Rowland-Brown, W. Schaus, Professor F. V. Theobald, R. Trimen, F.R.S. ; C. J. Wainwright; and ladies, Mrs. Malcolm Burr, Mrs. Donis- thorpe, Mrs. Longstaff, Miss Merrifield, Mrs. and Miss Poulton, Miss Rowland-Brown, and Mrs. Trimen. The Secretaries not having received any notice proposing to substitute other names for those contained in the list prepared by the Council, the following Fellows, on the motion of Mr. H. Rowtanp-Brown, seconded by Mr. C. O. Wartzr- HOUSE, were declared elected to serve on the Council for 1911-12 :—Robert Adkin, George T. Bethune-Baker, F.Z.S., Professor T. Hudson Beare, B.Sc., F.R.S.E., Dr. Malcolm Burr, D.S8c., F.L.S., F.Z.8., George Charles Champion, F.Z.S., A.L.S., Dr. Frederick Augustus Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., Horace St. John Donisthorpe, F.Z.8., John Hartley Durrant, Professor Selwyn Image, M.A., Albert Hugh Jones, Dr. Karl Jordan, Ph.D., Alfred Sich, Mr. J. BR. le B. Tomlin, M.A,, Henry Jerome Turner, Commander J. J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S., and the Rev. George Wheeler, M.A., F.Z.S. The following were also elected officers :—Treasurer, Albert Hugh Jones; Secretaries, Commander James J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S., and the Rev. George Wheeler, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Librarian, George Charles Champion, F.Z.S., A.LS., but owing to the lamented death of the President-nominate, Mr, James William Tutt, it was announced that the election of a President would be postponed to a Special General Meeting PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1910. F ( Ixxxii ) to be held upon some convenient date after the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society in March. Dr. F, A. Drxny, the President, then delivered an Address, at the close of which a vote authorising the printing of. the Address, coupled with thanks to the PresipEnt for his Address, and for his services as President during the past Session, was proposed by Mr. C. O. WarTERHoUsE, seconded by the Rev. F. D. Moricr, and carried unanimously. Dr. G. B. Lonastarr then proposed a vote of thanks to the other officers of the Society. This was seconded by Mr. A. E, Toner, and carried unanimously. The Presipent, Mr. A. H. Jones, Mr. H. Rowtanp-Brown, Commander J. J. Watker, and Mr. G. C. Cuampron replied. At the request of some of the Fellows present, Mr. Row.tanp-Brown explained the procedure under the Bye- Laws for the forthcoming election of a President to succeed Dr, F. A. Dixey. ( Ixxxili ) ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Balance Sheet for the Year 1910. RECEIPTS. Ss. Balance in hand, Ist Jan., 1910, and at Bankers ... 28 8 Subscriptions for 1910 ... 452 11 Arrears 31 10 Admission Fees" 77 14 Donations .. : 00 19 Sales of Transactions 63 13 Interest on Investments :— Consols .. . £23 1 10 Westwood Bequest :— Birmingham 3 per cents. 615 4 ———-29 17 Subscriptions in Advance 23 2 3 Life Compositions 47 5 £805 0 d. 10 2 0 0 11 TRAVEL GRANT. oe Received from Mr. Frederic Merrifield Nee ASSETS. a5 Ge Subscriptions in arrear considered good ... ... 79 O Cost of £1,045 6s. 3d. Consols. Present value at the price of 793 on 3lst December, 1910, . £829 14s. 4d. 300 ooo GY. IS} Cost of £239 12s. 4d. Birmingham 3 per cents. Present value at the price of 86 on 3lst December, 1910, £206 OS, ths b00 . 250 0 Balance in hand Additional Assets :— Contents of Library, and unsold Stock. d. 0 d. 0 0 0 30 11 10 £1,356 9 10 PAYMENTS. £ os. Printing a an ea etc. 308 26 Plates, ete. ete 147 8 3 Rent and Office Ex- penses, including £36 1s. for cost of Seal . 195 14 6 Books and Binding... ... 52 16 10 Investment in Consols as per contra be 47 5 0 Subscriptions in Advance, per contra carried to 1911 RANT OB} 9} 1 (0) Balance in hand and at Bankers 30 11 10 £805 0 11 43 Gy Gh Paid to Mr. B.C: S. Warren .. iS : aAl (0) @ LIABILITIES. Cost of printing, etc., Parts 4 and 5. Audited, compared with vouchers and found correct— T. A. CHAPMAN. Horace Sr. J. DONISTHORPE. Hy. J. TURNER. Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE, R. W. Lioyp. Less depreciation of £211 2s. 11d. in the value of the Stocks. A. Hueu Jonss, Treasurer. 4th January, 1911. rates at va 4 i: oC f Mae sy a ae Fey Ma elt rm Ae eet aia Prat —— onimaca” es EEN hy fon ‘he he Seen yee ‘ih i feah, ree i miro nc aa oy a Me DH Alf oe tr 7 ie ‘e hy ; SENG ACO fue AN on Kiet egal Gly es ont au = WANS bees Bea eg ‘ ; my * ate of ri 4 ¢ / Cause at ¥ dud x Y ay abi i, y i 1A whi a, tod a : vi ae Ca Bay et i x Aeed zs v ga eer ery i 1 + San te b Mabey aL (9 Ne TAR a oem AN TR i” fu Sh ii ra (lixxxy) THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, Our Anniversary Meeting last year took place in the midst of a General Election. We may be permitted to hope that these political tournaments are not about to become as regularly annual as our own celebration, but the fact remains that this year we have only escaped a similar coincidence by the space of a few weeks. Our feelings with regard to the recent contest are probably mixed ; but I am on safe ground in asserting that we one and all regret that the House of Commons has lost, even if only for a time, the services of a distinguished representative of Entomology. The year just finished has been an eventful one. It has been marked by the passing of a beloved Sovereign, who, during his all too short reign, more than fulfilled the hopeful anticipations with which his accession was greeted. In his Successor we welcome a Ruler who has already given evidence of the solicitude with which he watches over the best interests of his people, and who inspires us with confidence that in him the cause of science and learning will find an earnest advocate and promoter. In this he will but be following the tradition set by an illustrious Father and Grandfather, whose example is destined to bear fruit for many years to come. It will be within the recollection of all the Fellows of this Society that loyal Addresses were presented on their behalf to King George on his Accession, and to the widowed Queen Alexandra. The text of these Addresses, together with that of the Royal Reply, is to be found in our Proceedings. Ata time of general mourning it was obviously fitting that we should defer the holding of our proposed Conversazione. ( lboexyat )) It was eventually decided to forego this entertainment altogether for the year just ended; and we may hope that the social and scientific gathering, when it does take place, may be for entomologists not the least interesting and brilliant of the functions marking the season of the coming Coronation. If the public bereavement has been severe, our private losses have also been heavy. AIl who had the privilege of knowing Epwarp SAauNDERS will preserve an abiding memory of his striking, semi-ascetic countenance, his unfailing courtesy, his quiet, unassuming but forceful character, his deep learning, and the mitis sapientia that pervaded in him both word and action. One who has a much better right than myself to speak of our departed friend has written an eloquent and touching tribute to his memory; and those of our number who would wish to gain an idea of what manner of man Edward Saunders was, should turn to the account of his life by the Rev. F. D. Morice. As a Fellow of the Royal Society he worthily upheld the dignity of Entomology among the Sciences of Life ; and his loss has been keenly felt, not only by his immediate associates, but throughout all entomological circles at home and abroad. His death was shortly followed by that of his brother, GEORGE SHARP SAUNDERS, F’.L.8., also a keen entomologist, and one who had made valuable contributions to our knowledge of noxious insects. It was with unusually great regret that we received the news of the untimely death of Groraz Wittis KiIrKALpy, which took place at San Francisco, in the thirty-seventh year of hisage. It was some five or six years ago that he met with the accident, while riding, from the ultimate effects of which he died. Hducated at the City of London School, he early developed a taste for entomology. His first paper, “A Revision of the Notonectidae,” was published in 1897. The hemipterous portion of the Zoological material collected by Dr. R. C. L. Perkins was worked out by him, and the results published in 1903 as part of the “ Fauna Hawaiiensis.” In the same year Mr. Kirkaldy was appointed Assistant- Entomologist to the Hawaiian Territorial Board of Agricul- ( lbpmwi — ) ture and the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, this office giving him the opportunity of continuing his studies on the Hemiptera, and especially on the Fulgoridae. His ‘‘ Catalogue of the Hemiptera,” which was to have included the whole Order, has been published in part, and it is understood that further instalments will be issued under the auspices of M. J. R. de la Torre Bueno, to whose charge Kirkaldy’s unpublished manuscripts and notes have been committed. Mr. F. W. Terry, to whom I am indebted for many of the details just given, has written as follows of his deceased associate: “A voluminous writer and wide reader, a staunch friend and genial companion, he was always ready to give others the benefit of his wide bibliographical knowledge. His optimistic and kindly personality will be greatly missed by his friends and colleagues.” GEORGE CARTER Bia@NELL, known for his earlier work on Lepidoptera and his later researches on various forms of parasites, especially those infesting the Aphides, died early in the year at the ripe age of eighty-four. Other losses have been suffered by our Society in the deaths of ALBERT PirrarD, a well-known traveller, whose entomo- logical interests were chiefly engaged in the collection and study of Coleoptera and Diptera; and in those of OLIVER C. GoLtpTHWaIt, GrorGE Henry, and W. A. Lurr. But unfortunately the death-roll of 1910 does not exhaust the list of our losses. Within the last few days we have received the sad intelligence that James WitiiaM Turt, a member of our Council and President-nominate, is no more. This is not the time or the place to attempt a full apprecia- tion of his personal qualities, or of the services which he has rendered to entomology in general and to our own Society in particular. But I may at least be permitted to recall his untiring industry, his exemplary thoroughness, his contagious enthusiasm, and that over-mastering love of his subject which constrained him to devote the scanty leisure of a busy pro- fessional life to the single-minded pursuit of his entomological studies. To what good purpose he used his opportunities we all know; and those of us who have had occasion to serve with him on the Council and Publications Committee will be ( Iikexayuint especially sensible of what his loss means to the Society in its business relations. He has deserved well of us, and his place will not easily be filled. Outside our own ranks the year has witnessed the decease of the well-known collector H. McArteur, who by his labours in Central Asia, Kashmir and India, as well as nearer home in the Orkneys, Shetlands and Hebrides, has widened the bounds of entomological knowledge. | The death of Gustav BreppIN, which took place during the last days of 1909, should not be allowed to pass without notice. A recognised authority on the Hemiptera, he was distinguished by the specially scientific character of his work upon the group. Lastly must be mentioned the death of Gustav Fiscuer, the well-known publisher of Jena. Not specially an entomo- logist, he has yet deserved well of the entomological fraternity on account of the numerous works, of high interest to all students of insects, which under his auspices have seen the light. In the course of the year several of our Fellows have been the recipients of well-merited honours. It is a matter of great satisfaction to us all that the deserts of my immediate predecessor in this Chair have met with recognition in the highest quarters. Asa Companion of the Imperial Service Order, Mr. C. O. Waterhouse will carry into his retirement from the public service the affectionate goodwill of all who know him; and we may hope in this Society to enjoy the benefit of his long experience and matured wisdom for many years to come. The University of Oxford conferred distinction at once on itself and on our ex-President Professor Meldola, F.R.S., by bestowing on him the honorary degree of Doctor in Science, and by appointing him Herbert Spencer Lecturer for 1910. Mr. Selwyn Image, a member of our Council, has been elected to the Slade Professorship of Fine Art in the same University. ‘Those who, like myself, have sat at the feet of John Ruskin, will agree that no more worthy occupant could have been found for the Chair that will ever be linked in association with the memory of that great teacher and prophet. With (Ge tlixexextc 79) Ruskin, nature and art, though not identical, were in- separable ; and in his successor to-day we find a happy illus- tration of that successor’s favourite maxim, “ Ars est homo additus naturae.” We may congratulate ourselves that the artistic skill of our Slade Professor, already exemplified in the Addresses which his handicraft has helped to make worthy at once of the Society and of their recipients, will leave with us a permanent memorial in the shape of our new seal, in truth a xrya és aed for us and our successors. This leads me to speak more particularly of the occasion of one of the Addresses to which I have just alluded. At the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society, the Darwin Medal was presented to our valued Fellow and ex-President, Mr. Roland Trimen, M.A., F.R.S. The event was felt to be a subject of special congratulation to entomological interests in general as well as to the recipient in particular. It will be remembered that the Society passed unanimously a special resolution asking the officers to convey to Mr. Trimen “the hearty congratulations of the Society on the occasion of the award to him of the Royal Society’s Darwin Medal.” I think it will be of interest to put on record the terms of the Address, or rather Letter, in which this was done, and also Mr. Trimen’s reply. The Address, after quoting the Resolu- tion, proceeds as follows :— ‘In conveying to you this expression of the Entomological Society’s appreciation of the honour conferred on a distin- guished ex-President, we should wish to add that, in our opinion, this event reflects no less honour upon the donors than upon the recipient of the Medal. You are known to all generations of scientific men as a veteran worker among those who have found their chief inspiration in the principles laid down by Charles Darwin. Among living naturalists there are few indeed whose merits as associates and fellow-workers with Darwin can bear comparison with your own; and we feel sure that all alike, in rejoicing at this public recognition of your life-long services to Biological science, will agree that the present honour could not have been more worthily bestowed.” (ixee) The letter was signed, on behalf of the Society, by the President and Secretaries. Mr. Trimen’s reply was as follows :— ** Southbury, Guildford, *¢ December 19th, 1910. “To the ENTOMOLOGICAL Society oF LONDON. “It is difficult to give adequate expression to my grateful sense of the honour done me by the Resolution of the Ento- mological Society of London, according its hearty congratu- lations on the recent award to me of the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society, and by the highly appreciative and cordial terms of the letter of the President and Secretaries trans- mitting that Resolution. “Such commendation from a Learned Society with which I have been associated for over fifty years is no slight one, and greatly enhances the distinction of the Medal in question. I cannot say how much I owe to the kindness and encouragement I have always met with from the Society collectively and from so many individual members of it, and I recognise that the Medal is as much due to the countenance and aid thus generously given me as to any efforts of my own. “T find pleasure in thinking that Mr. Darwin himself would have approved of the award this year toan entomologist whom he knew, and who had the happiness of rendering him some slight aid in his researches. For was not that greatest of naturalists’ first love beetles ’—and has he not himself recorded that his favourite toast at Cambridge was ‘ Floreat Hntomo- logia!’% All of us heartily re-echo this aspiration, and it might well be adopted as the motto of our Society. “Your faithful and attached Colleague, “ROLAND TRIMEN.” Another great naturalist, whom we may claim as an Honorary Fellow of our Society, is the veteran French ento- mologist, J. H. Fabre, of Sérignan, Vaucluse, whose eightieth birthday was signalised by a festival held in his honour at Orange, on the 3rd of April. The committee formed to promote this object contained some of the names most (oxi), illustrious in the Science and Literature of France; nor were our own countrymen forgotten. A presentation was made to the hero of the day, including a fine plaquette, a duplicate copy of which I had the pleasure of exhibiting lately in this room. Several Fellows of our Society contributed towards the fund raised for the occasion, and I cannot resist quoting a few words from the letter of acknowledgment written by Dr. Legros, the Secretary of the movement :— “‘ Je vous prie, Monsieur le Président, de recevoir pour vous- méme et de vouloir bien transmettre aux généreux donateurs Yexpression de la profonde gratitude des organisateurs du comité. La noble Angleterre vient de nous donner une preuve de plus de ses traditions de courtoisie et de solidarité.” This, I think, may be taken as something more than mere conventional politeness. I prefer to see in it evidence of what I am convinced is a fact, viz. that nothing is more apt to promote feelings of international goodwill than community of scientific interests. If we wished for another indication of the truth of this opinion, we should find it in the excellent and interesting account of the Jubilee of the Entomological Society of Russia, furnished to our Proceedings by Dr. Malcolm Burr, who so worthily represented us on that occasion. Our representatives at the Zoological Congress at Graz were the Hon. W. Rothschild and Dr. Karl Jordan. The entomo- logists there present were few, but made up in quality what they lacked in number. Many of our Society will be pleased to know that the long-continued experimental work of Pro- fessor Max Standfuss was recognised at the Congress by the bestowal on him of a special honour. But if entomologists at Graz were few and far between, they had mustered in good force at Brussels for the First International Congress of Entomology. The success of this undertaking was undoubted. The social and scientific aspects of the Congress were both felt to be of high value; and the fact that Brussels was en féte over the Exhibition with a gaiety not yet sobered by the deplorable conflagration, while it may have led here and there to a little crowding and incon- venience, yet provided ample compensation, especially for the (| xem + }) younger and more sportive spirits amongst us. The Entomo- logical Society has every reason to be satisfied with the part played by its Fellows at the Congress. Not only Messrs. Trimen, Merrifield and Donisthorpe, who, with your Presi- dent, were specially deputed as representatives, but Professor Poulton, Professor Punnett, Hon. C. and Hon. W. Roths- child, Dr. Karl Jordan, Dr. Burr, and others tco numerous to mention, were prominent in the proceedings. Brussels has given a good lead, which we may feel confident will be well followed up in this country next year under the auspices of Professor Poulton. When the International Congress has become an established and venerable institution, I trust it will not be forgotten that the impulse which set it going originated from Tring. While on the subject of the Congress I recall with pleasure the fact that a most agreeable feature was supplied by the appearance, during its progress, of Mr. Hltringham’s splendid work on Mimicry in African Butterflies, a book which I cordially commend to the notice of all those who are in any way interested in the subject of mimicry. Before turning to the more special portion of my Address, it now only remains for me to express my very grateful thanks to the Society in general, and to the Business and Publications Committee, the Council, and the Officers, in particular, for the pleasant term of office which I have enjoyed. The experience of another year in the Chair which my predecessor found materially, though I trust not morally, uncomfortable, has only served to deepen my former impression of the magnitude of the obligation which the Society owes to its Librarian, its Treasurer and its Secretaries. ‘To repeat what I have said on a former occasion is unnecessary, but I cannot allow this opportunity to pass without adding a word of personal appre- ciation of the services of our retiring Honorary Secretary, Mr. H. Rowland-Brown. I count myself fortunate to have had the benefit of his assistance and advice, not only during my raw novitiate, but up to the end of my tenure of office. As the last of a long succession of Presidents whom he has helped to bring up in the way they should go, I congratulate him on his well-earned retirement, from which I venture to hope (Giexcitimp) he will one day emerge into an official position which he has not yet held, but which he, if any one, is fully competent to fill. ENTOMOLOGY AND HVOLUTION. In my former Presidential Address I took as a subject a matter of special morphological interest. On the present occasion I propose to ask your attention to a topic of somewhat wider scope. It is not often that the opportunity arises of dealing in a general way with the methods and objects of entomological science. Such treatment is rightly, considered to lie outside the proper range of our Transactions, nor would it be more in place in the record of our less formal discussions, or in the midst of those discussions themselves. But a Presidential Address affords a legitimate occasion for such generalities. It is possible there, without impertinence or irrelevance, to give expression to personal views of a larger application than to any one department of our subject, or to any particular example of the advancement of entomological knowledge. I wish, then, to devote a little time to a brief consideration of some of the matters with which we entomo- logists are brought into contact, in their bearing on biological science in general; and incidentally to notice the relation which obtains, or should obtain, between different sides of entomological study. With the recent Darwin celebrations still so fresh in our -recollection, it is scarcely necessary to remind ourselves that most biological pursuits derive their main interest and im- portance from the light they are able to throw on the process of organic evolution. This is perhaps especially the case with entomology: The intrinsic interest of the study is great, and has been so felt by many lovers of nature in days before Darwin. But it needed the Darwinian touch to transform the dry bones of description and classification into a living and breathing organism. Under the stimulating influence of the theory of selection, all the scattered items of entomological knowledge were found to have their proper place and signi- ficance in relation to the whole structure, and every addition to our store of entomological fact was welcomed as marking a (7 exciy) )) fresh stage of growth in our comprehension of at least one portion of the evolutionary domain. And the peculiar value of entomological data for research on Darwinian lines was speedily recognised. The material with which we entomo- logists have to deal is for the most part abundant, of manage- able size, easy of manipulation, and favourably constituted for experiment. Hence it has followed that many of the most important steps in the progress of our evolutionary knowledge have depended directly or indirectly on the study of insects. Let me take as an example the present state of scientific opinion with regard to the transmission of acquired char- acters, or, aS some prefer to put it, the inheritance of somatic modifications. It is hardly necessary for me to say that neo-Lamarckians are still on the look-out for an instance of such transmission, and that neither among insects nor any- where else have they been able to find one. The antecedent improbability of the alleged phenomenon has been well shown by many writers, and by none more convincingly than by Professor Poulton, in one of the admirable Presidential Addresses delivered by him from this Chair. But the failure of the neo-Lamarckians to establish the principle of specific transmission must not blind us to the fact that the germ- plasm is far from possessing the stability and inviolability with which it was once supposed to be endowed. Weismann himself, with great candour, admitted at a comparatively early stage in his work that the germ-plasm was not in all cases out of the reach of external influences. It is of special. interest to us as entomologists that he was led to this conclusion by experiments on a butterfly—the well-known ‘‘Copper” (Chrysophanus phlaeas). Exposing pupae of the northern golden-red form of this insect to an abnormally high temperature, he found that many of the resulting butterflies were slightly dusted with black. On the other hand, pupae bred from eggs sent from Naples, which would under ordinary circumstances have produced butterflies of the dark southern summer form, were subjected to a relatively low temperature and gave rise to perfect insects in which the normal dark coloration was sensibly diminished. ‘These results, as we shall doubtless all remember, agree with those (Cexey)) obtained by our ex-President, Mr. Merrifield. So far they show, as many similar investigations by other naturalists have done, that it is possible by varying the external con- ditions to which a butterfly is exposed in its earlier stages, to induce a well-marked alteration in its final aspect. This is the first and obvious conclusion to be derived from these experiments. But Weismann, as I need hardly remind you, was not content to stop at this point. The fact was un- deniable that warmth tended to produce in the northern form of the species an approach towards the darkened aspect of the southern race; and conversely, refrigeration brought about in the latter a tendency towards the familiar golden-red of German or English specimens. From this the further inference seemed clear that the difference in aspect of the two geographical races was a direct result of the temperature conditions to which they were respectively exposed during the course of their normal life-history. But it was further to be remarked that in neither series of experiments was the transformation complete. In each instance several members of the brood appeared to be unaffected, and in none did the artificially-produced lightening or darkening reach the same pitch of intensity as in the local races corresponding to the respective conditions of temperature. The most probable interpretation of this result seemed to be that, in Weismann’s words, the difference between the two geographical races originated in consequence of “a gradual cumulative effect of the climate, the slight effects of one summer or winter having been transmitted and added to from generation to generation.” At this point we may imagine the neo-Lamarckian asking, ‘What further proof can be required of the possibility of the transmission of acquired characters?’’ It is admitted, he would say, that the difference between the northern C’. phlaeas and the southern var. elews is in some way or other the result of climatic conditions. It has also been shown that these conditions are only partially operative for a single generation. The effect is therefore cumulative, It has not been suggested in this case that the change is an adaptation ; no reason has been alleged why in the one instance the lighter and in the other the darker coloration should have been selected as being () xeval 7) in any respect serviceable to the life of the individual. All the successive steps must have resulted directly from certain external conditions ; and each step, as it was gained, must have been passed on to the next generation by hereditary transmission, until, in their respective geographical habitats, the lighter and darker coloured races became ultimately fixed. Could there, he might say, be a much clearer case of the validity of Lamarckian, or rather Buffonian, factors? Clear as the case might seem, it did not satisfy Weismann. He took into account a further fact, viz. that this butterfly in a certain part of its range is seasonally dimorphic, alternating in successive broods between the pale northern and the dark southern form. This state of things he found hard to reconcile with the theory of transmitted somatogenic modification ; for if, as he argued, the colour of the race were becoming gradually darker by the inheritance of each step in the process as it appeared in the individual, no light-coloured brood could be produced from dark parents, and vice versd. There was still another feature in the case to be reckoned with. Weismann’s own experiments on Araschiia prorsa- levana had taught him that the susceptibility to the influence of temperature is not uniform throughout the whole course of the life-history, but belongs in greatest measure to one particular period—in the case of A. prorsa-levana, as he thought, to the early part of the pupal stage. I need here do no more than mention incidentally that this observation has been abundantly confirmed and extended, with modifica- tions, by other investigators, notably by Mr. Merrifield ; and, I may add, by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, whose results, like those of Lt.-Col. N. Manders, are especially valuable as having been obtained under the peculiar difficulties of work in the tropics, and as bringing in the operation of another factor, namely, that of moisture. There must, then, be some constituent in the composition of the individual which undergoes some successive changes during the period of the individual life-history, and which at one or more stages of its ontogenetic development is capable of being acted upon by external influences in such a way as to produce an obvious alteration in the final condition. But CC) sxevatl _)) we have already seen that this effect is not purely a matter of influence upon the individual. The apparent fact of accumu- lation from generation to generation shows that behind the individual change there must be some element of heredity. Where is this to be sought?! Weismann is ready with an explanation which is consonant with his general theory, and which, at any rate, has the merit of accounting for the facts. The modifying influence, he points out, though specially effective at a certain stage in the ontogeny, is not entirely inoperative at other periods.. The phenomenon of seasonal dimorphism, as exemplified in the Ligurian race of Chrysophanus phlaeas, seems to suggest that the suscept- ible constituent, whatever it may be, has passed through a preparatory change under the influence of the climate of that region, and so has been brought up to a point where it needs only the finishing touch of the active influence at the specially susceptible ontogenetic stage to push it over into the fully modified condition. This finishing touch is absent during the life-history of the early spring brood, but is supplied by the heightened temperature at which the summer brood pupates ; hence the difference in aspect between the two emergences. But where does this store, so to speak, of partly-prepared material reside? Weismann answers, “in the germ-plasm.” The constituent in question, or the antecedents thereof, exists within the germ-plasm in a condition which allows of gradual modification by heat, cold, or whatever the influence may be. But inasmuch as it has not reached the specially susceptible stage, the modification may become only slightly manifest, or may even find no visible expression at al]. Still it is there; and inasmuch as it belongs to the germ-plasm, it forms necessarily a part of the inheritance of the next generation, and as such may be capable of still further advance in the same direction ; this advance being of course limited by the _ potency of the external influence and by the time during which it has worked. We have here no reflection of somatic change upon the germ-plasm, such as would be supposed to take place under Darwin’s pangenesis and similar theories, but a common action upon the antecedents of the final coloration, whether these antecedents are to be found in the PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1910. G (OUexeviniey)) reserve stock of germ-plasm, or in the soma during its ontogenetic development... Thus, according to Weismann, the case of Chrysophanus phlaeas, instead of supporting the theory of the inheritance of somatic modification as at first sight it may seem to do, in reality gives additional weight to the theory of the continuity of the germ-plasm, and its independ- ence of somatic change. But it may properly be called an instance of the inheritance of an acquired character, though not in the Lamarckian sense. The transmissible character has been acquired ; not, however, through the medium of the soma, but directly by the germ-plasm itself. The germ-plasm, therefore, is indeed continuous, but not unassailable by external influences. This important biological result was, as we have seen, reached by Weismann in consequence of a combined investiga- tion by observation and experiment on a species of butterfly ; and it is particularly worthy of note by entomologists that all the data which he could obtain respecting the local and seasonal variations of the form in question proved to be of high significance in the solution of his problem. Without them he could not have reached his conclusion ; with further informa- tion on these and similar points, he could no doubt have made his explanation still more complete. Thisisa good illustration of the way in which observation in the field, experiment in the laboratory, and reasoning in the study can combine to establish a result of great scientific importance. | It will no doubt have occurred to you that Weismann’s view as to the nature of the seasonal dimorphism manifested in the Ligurian form of C. phlaeas ought to be tested by exposing the immature stages of the spring brood of this form to a high temperature. So far as I am aware the experiment has not been tried ; and until it has, this part of Weismann’s conclusion cannot be accepted without reserve. But as to his view of the susceptibility of the germ-plasm, there has now been abundant confirmation ; again, be it noted, by work done on insects. Standfuss, as Weismann notes, bred some specimens of Vanessa urticae under conditions of artificially lowered temperature. The perfect insects showed a departure from ( \sxobe )) the normal which was no doubt due to the refrigeration,—in this case an increase of dark pigment. Hggs were laid by some of these abnormal specimens, the resulting larvae were reared under normal conditions, and the butterflies on emergence again showed a divergence from the normal form which, though slight, was in the same direction as that of their parents. Similar results with the same species were afterwards, obtained by Weismann himself. A still more marked confirmation was supplied by Fischer. Pupae of Chelonia caja were subjected to an artificially lowered temperature, and some of the resulting moths showed an extreme degree of melanism. Two of these artificially-produced aberrations were paired, and their offspring were reared under normal conditions. Among the latter were specimens which exhibited in greater or less degree a tendency towards the artificially-induced melanism of their parents. Here we have an excellent case of the apparent transmission of an acquired character. In the light, however, of Weismann’s acute reasoning on the subject of C. phlaeas, there is every justification for believing that the same interpretation is valid in the present case. The modification is not inherited from the soma of the parent, but is consequent upon the direct action of the external influence upon that parent’s germ-plasm. But all this pioneer work, important and excellent as it is, must yield the palm for completeness and cogency to the laborious researches conducted by William Lawrence Tower, whose treatise entitled ‘““An Investigation of Evolution in Chrysomelid Beetles of the Genus Leptinotarsa”’ is a perfect storehouse of valuable biological material, all derived from the minute study of a single genus of Coleoptera, This admirable publication, which appeared in 1906 under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, has perhaps in this country hardly met with the attention which it deserves ; though now that Professor Bourne, in his recent Presidential Address to the Zoological Section of the British Association, has drawn public attention to the work, it may be expected that greater appreciation will be shown of the extremely interesting results which it contains. Among the numerous and carefully-planned experiments G2 ( @) undertaken by Tower, there are some which have a direct bearing on the matter under consideration. Of these I propose to give a brief account. It should be premised that the beetles of the genus Leptinotarsa lay their eggs in batches, each batch being laid before the next begins development. Experiment 1.—Males and females of ZL. decemlineata were exposed to extremely hot and dry conditions, accompanied by low atmospheric pressure, during the growth and fertilisation of the first three batches of ova. These were reared from the _ outset in normal conditions. Out of 96 specimens so obtained, 82 were of the varietal form pallida. After the deposition of the first three batches of ova, the same parent beetles were placed in normal conditions, and two more batches were laid. These, reared under natural conditions, gave normal decem- lineata, which continued to breed true to type. The origin of the pallida forms may therefore fairly be ascribed to the abnormal conditions to which their parents were for a time exposed. ‘Two of these pallida males were mated with decem- lineata females; the resulting hybrids resembled normal decemlineata. Now comes an interesting point. This genera- tion of apparently normal decemlineata gave, when bred inter se, offspring consisting of pallida, decemlineata, and decem- lineata-like hybrids in Mendelian proportion. The pallida of | this generation bred true, being evidently extracted recessives ; the decemlineata and hybrids broke up again in Mendelian fashion. ‘This most interesting experiment points to at least three results of great biological importance. The first, which is that in which we are more immediately interested, is the confirmation of Weismann’s view as to the accessibility of the germ-plasm to external influences. ‘The second is the demon- stration that just as the somatic plasm has a period of highest susceptibility, which fact was known to Weismann at the time of his C’. phiaeas experiments, so also the germ-plasm itself has a similar period. This was not known to Weismann ; if it had been, it might have led him to modify in some respects his conclusions from those experiments. The third point is the establishment of the fact that the type-form of a given species may stand in Mendelian relation with a variation of that species artificially induced by interference (ai ) with its germ-plasm. The interest and importance of these results is manifest, and it is well to remind ourselves once more that they all emerge from the careful study of an insect. Experiment 2.—Males and females of L. decemlineata were subjected to hot dry conditions, and afterwards to normal surroundings. During each period they deposited eggs. From the eggs deposited in the second period, that of normal conditions, pure decemlineata were bred for ten generations. But from the eggs of the first period came many aberrant forms, together with a certain number of apparently typical decemlineata. These latter were reared side by side with the decemlineata of the second period, which, as we have seen, behaved in a perfectly normal manner throughout. But the decemlineata of the first period, after giving rise to a genera- tion of apparently quite normal forms, suddenly developed into a race with an annual cycle of five generations instead of the normal two, and continued to exhibit the same abnormality up to the fourteenth generation, when the experiment ceased. Here we have a physiological instead of a structural pecu- liarity imposed upon the germ-plasm by artificial means, and giving rise to a permanent race. It should be mentioned that, in the words of Tower, ‘‘none of the beetles of the lineata group, to which this beetle belongs, have more than two, or rarely three, generations per year, and there are none known in the genus that have over three.” Another point that emerges is that the application of the stimulus need not always be immediately followed by the obvious response. In the present experiment one whole generation elapsed before the race began to show the effect of the abnormal treatment to which its progenitors had been subjected. Experiment 3.—I1n another experiment with the same Species the conditions were varied by using heat in combina- tion with moisture. In other respects the procedure was the same. From the eggs of the second period eight successive generations were reared, giving nothing but pure decemlineata. From those of the first period, that of abnormal conditions, came a large number of unmodified decemlineata and a certain number of the form melanicum. Both of these forms bred ( eit ) true in normal surroundings. The generation also included a single male specimen of the form tortwosa, which crossed with a female decemlineata yielded hybrids with decemlineata dominant. These in succeeding generations split up in - Mendelian fashion, the tortwosa (extracted recessives) breeding true. Huperiment 4.—The subject of this experiment was the tropical species Leptinotarsa multitaeniata. Here, again, the parent beetles were exposed during the first period of egg- laying to artificial conditions of heat and humidity, while during the second period the surroundings were normal. ‘The _results obtained were analogous with the preceding. ‘The second batch produced nothing but multitaeniata for four generations, when the experiment ceased. The first batch gave together with typical mltitaentata a much larger number of the form melanothorax. 'The two forms were separated, and each continued to breed true under normal conditions. Eeperiment 5.—In this experiment, the subject of which was again L. multitaeniata, the egg-laying period was divided into three instead of two portions. The first and third were passed under normal conditions, the second under the artificial conditions of the last experiment. The first and third batches of eggs gave nothing but typical multctaeniata ; the second consisted entirely of the forms melanothorax and rubicunda, each of which continued to breed true. Experiment 6.—Finally, a similar experiment was tried with another tropical species, Leptinotarsa undecimlineata. Again the result was the production by artificial means of a varietal form (angustovittata), which continued to give pure descendants showing no tendency towards reversion. After these experiments there seems no possible room to doubt that the germ-plasm is accessible to external influences, and that it may by these means be transformed in such a way as to give rise to a permanent race of descendants showing marked differences from the parent form. I will not now stop to discuss Tower’s interpretation of the results of these and his numerous other experiments. His theoretical views seem to me to differ in value, some being weighty in the extreme, and a few, to say the least, question. (ail) ) able. But there can be no dispute as to the high import- ance and interest of the facts that he has brought together, and I trust that the examples I have given may induce entomologists who are interested in the study of evolution, and by whom these researches may hitherto have been over- looked, to make themselves acquainted with this mine of valuable information. ‘They may not find themselves able to agree with the author at all points, but they will be intro- duced to a great mass of material with an important bearing on the nature and causes of variation, the working of heredity, the efficacy of selection, the significance of warning colours, and many other matters essential to a proper comprehension of the problem of evolution. There is one other phase of this great problem about which I should like to say a few words, because here again our special entomological studies have an important part to play. They have already contributed much towards the comprehen- sion of this side of the question, and I am convinced that they are capable of leading to a still further advancement of know- ledge in the same direction. I refer to the psychic aspect of evolution. It was fully recognised by Darwin himself that mental no less than physical characters are subject to evolution. The same principle was adopted by Wallace, not, it is true, with- out reservation, and received at his hands,some interesting developments. But to Professor Mark Baldwin belongs the principal credit of insisting on and driving home the fact that evolution is psychophysical ; that, as he puts it, ‘there are not two evolutions, one ‘ organic’ and the other ‘mental,’ but that mind and body have evolved by one process and in one series of graduated stages.” Now in order to illustrate in a forcible manner the interdependence of physical and psychic pheno- mena in evolution, he has recourse to the theory of warning colours in insects. This he expands in the following manner: “‘ As preliminary to the theory there is the fact o coloration, which is distinctly physical. The question is as to its origin. The theory holds it to be due to the warning given to other individuals that a particular colouring is distasteful or poisonous, Now in order that this warning be given, the (Garcivane) biologists tell us there is necessary a certain education of the hostile individuals. The creatures have to learn the meaning of the coloration; and this learning involves profiting by experience... . Here is as distinctly a mental process in- volved as any one might cite. ... The action of natural selection, | may add for completeness, secures the survival of the insects so coloured, seeing that being warned, their enemies let them alone. ‘The possibility of the evolution of the definite coloration turns, in fact, upon this series of psychological processes,” Here the psychic endowment of the enemy is seen to bea factor in the evolution of the prey; and it may of course be added that to ensure for the warning colour its full effect, it is necessary that its owner should possess the appropriate habits. Similar instances will at once occur to every field naturalist. Protectively-coloured insects instinctively seek corresponding surroundings. An interesting case of this is the fact which now seems fairly well established of yellow and white butterflies selecting for resting-places the neighbourhood of leaves or flowers of similar colour. Dr. Longstaff’s excel- lent plate, drawn from nature, of the resting habit of Hronia cleodora will occur to many of you. I ought to apologise for dwelling on so familiar a topic, but the fact really requires emphasising that the raw material of selection is neither purely physical nor purely psychical, but a complex of the two. The admission of this fact, so patent to every observer of insects, has important consequences. For as soon as we can recognise a rudimentary form of mentality—the gaining of a definite result by the method of trial and error—we have a basis for habit, for memory, and eventually for the higher psychological faculties. In the instances that I have men- tioned of the correlation of appropriate habits with a pro- tective colouring, there is no reason to suppose the presence of. anything like conscious accommodation; the actions in question are no doubt instinctive in the strictest sense. But quite low down in the animal scale, and even, I think it will be conceded, among the insects, we get indications of “residual processes left by actual experiences ” leading to what can only be called memory. These processes, of undoubted utility, may revs) no doubt serve in their day, as Professor Baldwin says, until reinforced and possibly superseded by congenital variations tending in the same direction. Memory thus established as an inborn faculty, ‘‘the experimental use of memory images, with corresponding success and utility, would be followed in time by further variations, giving imagination and thought” (Baldwin). In the higher animals we have no difficulty in perceiving the co-existence of individual plasticity with the congenital endowments of both mind and body. Instinct, one of these congenital endowments, is not “ lapsed intelligence,” though intelligence may be suffered to lapse if and when instinct is ready to take its place. On the other hand, the reverse process may and does occur. Instinct may fall away and disappear before the encroachments of the increasing power of individual accommodation, a power which is rooted in the plasticity, and, to use Sir E. Ray Lankester’s term, the ‘“‘educability,” of the psychic organisation. This final stage is naturally of most frequent occurrence in man. The relative proportions of the two principles are regulated by natural selection ; the best combination in regard to any given pur- pose is the one that will win. Now the special application of these considerations to Entomology I take to be this. The later stages of psycho- physical development are comparatively accessible to our observation. In the phylogenetic range of the higher verte- brates, and the ontogenetic history of man, we have much material for the study of the interplay of plasticity, educability and power of individual accommodation, with the congenital endowments of a relatively fixed and stable character, such as instinct and the fundamental features of bodily structure. But the earlier steps in the process are involved in much obscurity. What do we really know, for example, of the relative value of the parts played by psychic plasticity and fixed instinct in the case of the lowest organisms? And can we be sure that to any large extent the growth of instinct has been in their case actually screened by powers of functional accommodation? What we have ascertained on these points has been, I venture to say, largely or chiefly due to the (Gacy) labours of entomologists. Fabre, Avebury, Wasmann, Forel are names that will occur to everybody as those of men who have done much in their several ways to help on an answer to these and kindred questions, and who have shown the road which future investigators may pursue with profit. And the study of the social hymenoptera has a further bearing upon a development of evolutionary theory of the greatest importance, for it introduces us to the conception of the group as the selective unit instead of the individual, and so leads on to the evolutionary side of sociology and ethics, with their accom- paniment of organisation within the community, of imitation, of tradition and the social sense. This is a tempting subject, and I would gladly pursue it further did time permit. But I think I have now said enough to illustrate my contention that entomologists enjoy peculiar advantages in the attack of the great outstanding problems of evolution. It is unquestionable that such a mind as that of Herbert Spencer, capable of welding together into a con- cordant whole a mass of facts and conclusions drawn from every department of knowledge, is an asset of enormous value to the cause of scientific progress. But it should never be forgotten that the work of the specialist is equally essential ; it is he who supplies material without which the generaliser and unifier of knowledge could not work. And let us beware of undervaluing kinds of work which do not happen to appeal to our own individual tastes. I think no one can give atten- tive consideration to the topics that have been touched on this evening without seeing that our study has need of the morphologist, the physiologist, the field naturalist, the museum worker, the laboratory experimenter, the systematist, and— shall I add?—the arm-chair philosopher. Each one of these has his contribution to make to the common fabric of organised and unified knowledge. (wy )) GHNERAL INDEX. The Arabic figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions’; the Roman numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’ The President’s Address is not separately indexed. GENERAL SUBJECTS. Aberrant Lepidoptera, exhibited, Ixiv, ]xviii. Abruzzi, butterflies from the, exhibited, xlv. Abyssinian beetle, life tenacity of, exhibited, xliv. Acraea lycoa, and A. johnstont, on the specific distinctions between, xlil. Africa, book on Lycaenidae from South, exhibited, xxiii; descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or little-known larvae and pupae of Rhopa- locera from South, lii; revision of species of genus Lycaenesthes from, 1. Agriades coridon, double-brooded, exhibited, xxxvii; southern forms of, exhibited, xlvii. Agriades thetis (bellargus) and A. coridon, discussion of the affinities of, vi. Algeria, descriptions of new Hymenoptera-Aculeata (Sphegidae) from, xvii, xiv, 517; summer butterflies from, exhibited, liii. America, mimics and models from South, exhibited, liv, Ixviii; beetles from North, exhibited, Ixxi. Anthrocerids, British, exhibited, Ivii. Ants, association of, exhibited, xiii; and mimic beetle, exhibited, xx; and their nests, living, exhibited, xliv, xvii; host and guest, exhibited, 1x ; brachyterous, exhibited, Ixxii; further observations on temporary social parasitism, and slavery in, lxxiii; nests, some experiments with, 142. Apaturopsis cleocharis, exhibited, xvii. Argentine Republic, on the Geometridae of the, xxx, 204. Argynnid forms, Lycaenid and, exhibited, xii. Asilid (Promachus sp.), the oothecae of an, xxvii; and prey, exhibited, Ix. Auditors for 1910-11, appointed, Ixv. Australia, new fossorial Hymenoptera from, xli, 407. Beetle, male with female antennae, exhibited, xiii; teratological example of, exhibited, xiii; ant and mimic, exhibited, xx; rare British, exhibited, XXVili, xxxv, xliii, lvili, xvi; parasite on, exhibited, xxx; new, exhibited, xxxi, lviii; from crop of pheasant, exhibited, xxxvii; life tenacity of Abyssinian, exhibited, xliv; abnormal, exhibited, liii; collection of North American, exhibited, lxxi. Bignell, George Carter, notice of death of, xi. ( @wuat — }) Borneo, new earwig from, exhibited, ii; protective attitude of Mantis from, exhibited, 1; two new species of Lycaenopsis from Sarawak, | xxiii, Braconid, new British, exhibited, liii. Britain, Orta musculosa in, exhibited, xiii. British, Coleoptera, rare, exhibited, xxi; species of Hydroecta, separation of, xXxlii; beetle, rare, exhibited, xxvili, xxxv, xliii, lxvi; Hemiptera, rare, exhibited, xliii; .Xylophasia, rare, exhibited, xlvii; Braconid, new, exhibited, liii; Anthrocerids, exhibited, lvii; Lepidoptera, bred rare, exhibited, Ixxii. Butterflies, from the Carpathians, exhibited, xxviii; from the Abruzzi, exhibited, xlv; from Algeria, summer, exhibited, liii; from Dutch New Guinea, on some rare and undescribed, lviii; from South America, close resemblance of, | xviii. Callophrys avis, bred specimens of, exhibited, xxi; on, 85. Cameroons, mimetic Lepidoptera from the, exhibited, xxix. Canadian Coleoptera, paper on, xxiii. Carpathians, butterflies from the, exhibited, xxviii. Cetontidae from Uganda, exhibited, xxxvi. Chagos Isles, descriptions of Micro-Lepidoptera from Mauritius and the, XXxill, 366, Charaxes, error in account of breeding experiment with, xli. Cicadoid genera Lembeja, remarks on, lil. Coleoptera, rare British, exhibited, xxi; paper on Canadian, xxiii; during floods, on the behaviour of, xxx, 379; rare and variant, exhibited, ]xxi. Congress in August, 1910, announcement as to Entomological, i; delegates to, xxviii, xxxv; photograph of members at, exhibited, xliii. Conversazione, postponement of, xxxv, xlii. Council for 1910-11, nomination of, Ixv, ]xix. Darwin Medal, announcement as to, Ixv, Ixx. Dermaptera, revision of the Labiduridae, a family of the, xi, 161 ; revision of the Labtidae, a family of the, lxv. Deuterocopus, on the genus, 107, Diplatys, a revision of genus, xxx. Diptera, rare and variant, exhibited, ]xxi. Drepanopsaltria, remarks on, lii. Earwig from Borneo, new, exhibited, ii. Ematurga atomarta, melanism of, xxxvi. Envelopes for storing butterflies, exhibition of paper, ii. Euralia in Natal, experimental breeding of forms of Nymphaline genus, xiv, xli, 498. Fabre Memorial, plaquette for, exhibited, lviii. Fellows, election of, i, xii, xx, xxviii, xxxiv, xliii, lii, lviti, lxv, Ixx. Floods, on the behaviour of Coleoptera during, xxx, 379. France, living Jarvae from South of, exhibited, xxxvii; Pieridae from, exhibited, xlv. Geometridae of the Argentine Republic, on the, xxx, 204. Glow-worm pupa, exhibited, xxxvi. Goldthwait, O. C., notice of death of, liii. Hemiptera, rare British, exhibited, xliii. Heterocera from’ Japan, new species of, lviii. j (Gxcixa) Holoparamecus caularum, living examples of, exhibited, xxi. Hydvroecta, separation of British species of, xxiii. Hymenoptera, -Aculeata (Sphegidae), descriptions of new Algerian, xvii, Ixiv from Australia, new fossorial, xli, 407. Hymenopteron, rare, exhibited, xxxv; Lycaenid in attendance on, xxxviil, XXXIX. Ichneumon, rare, exhibited, xxxi, India, description of a new Nymphaline butterfly from British, lxxili. Insects, and their natural enemies, a few words respecting, xvii, 151; from Portugal, rare, exhibited, xxxviii; in the tropics, and their influence on mimicry, notes on enemies of, lxiv; introduced and new, exhibited, 1xx1. Italy, Pieridae from, exhibited, xlv; Rhopalocera from, exhibited, ]xix. Japan, new species of Heterocera from, lviii. Jubilee Celebration of Entomological Society of Russia, announcement as to, ii; address to, xi; account of, xviii. King, address to the, xxxili, xlii. Kirkaldy, George Willis, notice of death of, xi. Labiduridae, a family of the Dermaptera, revision of the, xi, 161. Labiidae, a family of the Dermaptera, revision of the, lxv. Larvae from South of France, and imago, living, exhibited, xxxvii. Lasiocampid nests, exhibited, xiv. Lasiocampidae, new genera and species of, Ixix. Latiorina (Lycaena) orbitulus, an amyrmecophelous Plebeiid butterfly, on the early stages of, Ixix. Lembeja, remarks on the Cicadoid genera, lii. Lepidoptera, from the Cameroons, mimetic, exhibited, xxix; edibility of larvae of, xxxi; improved photographic process for, exhibited, lii; aber- rant, exhibited, lxiv, lxviii; bred rare British, exhibited, ]xxii. Leucania l-album, bred, exhibited, 1xii. Luciola, description of two new species of, Ixxiii, 532. Luff, W. A., notice of death of, liii. Luperina guenéet, variation of, exhibited, xii. Lycaenesthes, revision of the African species of the genus, |. Lycaenid, forms, exhibited, xii; butterflies, on Zizeerta, a group of, xvii, 479; in attendance on Homopteron, xxxvili, xxxix. Lycaenidae, book on South-African, exhibited, xxiii; hybrid, exhibited, XXXvi; revision of the African species of the Lycaenesthes group of the, 1. Lycaenopsis from Sarawak, Borneo, two new species of, xxiii. Malayan Micro-Lepidoptera, descriptions of, xlii, 480. Mantis from Borneo, protective attitude of, exhibited, |. Mauritius and the Chagos Isles, descriptions of Micro-Lepidoptera from, XXxili, 366. Melanism, of Ematurga atomaria, xxxvi; in Melitaeids, exhibited, ]xxiii. Melitaea aurinia, new forms of, exhibited, liii. Melitaeid, variety, exhibited, lxiv; melanism in, exhibited, 1xxiii. Micro-Lepidoptera, from Mauritius and the Chagos Isles, descriptions of, Xxxlil, 366; descriptions of Malayan, xlii, 430. Mimicry, mimetic Lepidoptera from the Cameroons, exhibited, xxix ; mimics and models from South America, exhibited, liv, ]xviii; notes on insect ( cx ) enemies in the tropics, and their influence on, lxix; butterfly and mimic, exhibited, 1xxiii, Natal, experimental breeding of forms of Nymphaline genus Euralia in, xiv, xli, 498. New Guinea, on some rare and undescribed butterflies from Dutch, lviii. Nymphaline, genus Kwralia in Natal, experimental breeding of forms of, xiv, xli, 498; butterfly from British India, description of a new, ]xxiii. Obituary. Edward Saunders, F.R.S., G. W. Kirkaldy, G. C. Bignell, A, Piffard, xi; G. 8., Saunders, F.L.8., xxxi; O. C. Goldthwait, W. A. Luff, liii. Officers for 1910-11, nomination of, Ixv, xix. Orgyta splendida (dubia), on the larva of, lxix. Oria musculosa in Britain, exhibited, lxiii. Orthoptera, third paper on the Tetriginae in the Oxford University Museum, xvii, 346. Osmta-species of the adunca-group, further notes on two, xvii, 155. Oxford University Museum, third paper on the Tetrigznae (Orthoptera) in the, xvii, 346. Palaearctic moth, rare, exhibited, Ixvi. Paper envelopes for storing butterflies, exhibition of, ii. Parasite, on beetle, exhibited, xxx. Pheasant, beetles from crop of, exhibited, xxxvii. Photographic process for Lepidoptera, improved, exhibited, lii. Pieridae from France and Italy, exhibited, xlv. Piffard, Albert, notice of death of, xi. Portugal, rare insects from, exhibited, xxxviii. President for 1910-11, nomination of, Ixv, lxix. Promachus, the oothecae of an Asilid, xxvii. Ptinella britannica, example of, exhibited, xxx. Rhone Valley, Rhopalocera from, exhibited, 11. Rhopalocera, from Rhone Valley, exhibited, ii; descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or little-known larvae and pupae of South African, lii; Italian, exhibited, Ixix. Rhopalosomidae, with description of a second new species, on the position of the, xli, 386. Russia, Entomological Society of, pryarntersene as to Jubilee Celebr aot of, i; address to, xi; account of, xviii. Saunders, Edward, Bas of death of, xi. Saunders, G. S., notice of death of, xxxi. Saw-flies, on the saws of, xvii; oviposition of, xxxv. Scoltidae, notes on the, xli, 391. : Seal of the Society, new, exhibited, xlii. Sesta andreniformés, ova of, exhibited, xxxvi. Smerinthus, variation in, exhibited, xxxvii. Sphegidae, descriptions of new Algerian Hymenoptera-Aculeata, xvii, lxiv, 517. Striphnopterygidae, new genera and species of, lxix. Stylopidae from Australia, on a new genus of, lii, 514. Tapinostola, ova and appendages of, exhibited, xxi. Teratological specimens, exhibited, lx. (Ge=citem) Tetrzginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum, third paper on the, xvii, 346. Travel grant, announcement as to, xxi. Trimen, R., letter of congratulation to, Ixx. Uganda, Cetoniidae from, exhibited, xxxvi. Uropteryx sambucaria in connection with their colour surroundings, experi- ments with the larva and pupa of, lxiv. Variation, in Smerinthus, exhibited, xxxvii; in Xanthia ocellaris, exhibited, Ilvii; of Luperina guenéez, exhibited, 1x11. Vice-Presidents for 1910-11, nomination of, i. Xanthandrus comtus, notes on, xxv. Xanthia ocellaris, variation in, exhibited, lvii. Aylophasia, rare British, exhibited, xlvii. Zizeerta, a group of Lycaenid butterflies, on, xvii, 479, Zygaenid forms, exhibited, xiii. ( exii ) SPECIAL INDEX. The Arabic figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions’; the Roman numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings, abnormis (Cylindrogaster), 187 a (Rhopalosoma), 386, 388 Abraxas, Ixvill, 152, 153 Abraxinae, 280 abrupta (Tiphia), 395, 396 acaciae (Nordmannia), xlvi Acanthostethus, 428 Acasis, 243 acerbata (Anapalta), 249 achilles (Morpho), lu Achlora, 211 Acidalia, 205, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229 Acidalidae, 213 Acidaliinae, 213, 274 Acmophyllum, 346, 349, 355 Acraea, xlii Acraeidae, xxix, lxvili Acratodes, 222 Acrocercops, 373 Acronycta, ]xi Actinote, ]xviii actinote (Dismorphia), lxvili Actizera, 483, 494, 495, 496, 497 Aculeata, 389 acuminata (Melanophila), xliii adela (Acidalia), 222, 223 », (Hamalia), 222 », (Lipomelia), 222 adelaidae (Tachysphex), 425 adherbal (Lycaenesthes), 33, 38, 40 adippe, var. cleodoxa (Argynnis), xlvi adsciti (Ichneumones), 389 adumbrata (Spododes), 308 adunca (Osmia), xvil, 155, 158, 159 adusta (Tachynomyia), 407 » #£. uniformis (Tachynomyia), 408 adustus (Thynnus), 407 advena (Anisolabis), 176 advenaria (Epione), lxiv aegon (Lycaena), 487 aegon (Plebeius), xlvi Aelurus, 407 aemula (Herbita), 310 aenea (Honorana), 319, 321 », (Salpis), 320, 321 », (Tachytes), 523 aenigmatica (Sibyllina), 388 Aeolothynnus, 413, 416, 417 aequalis (Hypsaeus), 347, 350 aerata (Synchlora), 211 aetheria, var. algerica (Melitaea), liv aethiops (Erirrhinus), lxvi affinis (Stilicus), 384 affirmata (Calocalpe), 265, 266 es (Scotosia), 265 afra (Lycaenesthes), 16, 27 africanus (Prototettix), 361 afrum (Echinosoma), 164 Agaristidae, xxix agathon, var. phryxe (Aporia), Ixxili aggerata (Meridarchis), 430 agilis (Dielis), 404 aglaia (Argynnis), xlvi, lxiv A’griades, Vi, vil, Vill, 1x, X, Xl, Xil, XXXVi, xxxvii, xlvii, xlvili, xlix, ], xviii, xix Agriomyia, 408, 409, 410 alaris (Discolia), 403 albarita (Heterolocha), 289 », (Melinoides), 289 alberta (Lycaenesthes), 16, 28 albidulata (Acidalia), 227, 228, 229 x (Craspedia), 227 albimaculata (Amauris), xiv, xv, 499, 506, 508, 510 albipes (Anchomenus), 381, 383 », (Technomyrmex), 1xxii albipunctaria (Salpis), 320 albipunctatus (Deuterocopus), 112, 122 albipunctella (Sochchora), 141 albirenata (Ira), 310 albocoeruleus (Zizera), 486 (Gercxanis) albosignata (Philereme), 259 hs (Scotosia), 259 albovittata (Anisolabis), 176 albulata (Perizoma), 269 alceae (Krinnys), xlvi alcetas (Everes), xlvi Alcis, 335 Aletis, xxix alienus (Lasius), lxxii Alindria, xliv Allostethinae, 161, 162, 163, 176 Allostethus, 162, 163 Allotinus, xxxvili, xxxix, xl, xli Almodes, 209, 210 alniaria (Emnomos), 805 alope (Zizera), 486 alsus (Coenonympha), 496 », (Zizera), 479, 480 altaica (Crosita), xxxvii alternata (Coremia), 261 Oe (Epirrhoe), 249 althaeae (Erinnys), xlvi alveus (Hesperia), xlvi amanda (Polyommatus), xlvi amarah (Lycaenesthes), 17, 38 Amaurinia, 279 Amauris, xiv, xv, 498, 499, 501, 506, 508 amberia (Boarmia), 339 - (Hymenomima), 339 ambigua (Euborellia), 180 Amblurodes, 327 ‘Ameria, 233 americana (Forcipula), 186 me (Psalis), 181, 182 amethystata (Bassania), 308 ammorrhoa (Eupithecia), 278 amnicincta (Azelina), 315 - (Pero), 313, 315, 316, 317 amoena (Pachrophylla), 241 Amphidasys, 3438 amphitricha (Epiphractis), 373 amplificata (Heterusia), 234 anacardii (Salamis), 511 anadema (Lycaenesthes), 16, 22 Anaitis, 236 Anapalta, 249 Anaphantis, 472 Anaphe, xiv Anchomenus, 381, 383 Ancylometis, 371 andereggaria (Catascia), 330 andreinii (Anisolabis), 180 andreniformis (Sesia), xxxvi angulatus (Coptotettix), 363 5 (Hypsaeus), 347, 349 angulifera (Anisolabis), 176 anguliferata (Cidaria), 270 PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. 1910. angustatum (Sphecosoma), lv angustatus (Dyschirius), xxi angustivertex (Kuparatettix), 360 Anisodes, 214, 215 Anisolabis, 163, NOs, WG, UO, U7, 174, 175, 176, Ni Wels, U9, USO), 181, 188 Anisoperas, 806, 307 anisophthalma (Antizera), 494 annandalei (Euborellia), 181 annulata (Dielis), 405 » (Elis), 405 », var. ferrugineipes (Dielis), 405 99 29 oy) (Elis), 405 annulicornis (Anisolabis), 176 annulipes (Anisolabis), 175, 176, 177 a (Coptotettix), 364 anomala (Hammaptera), 246 Anomalon, 389, 390 Anomphax, 212 antanossa (Zizera), 481, 482, 484 a (Zizina), 483, 488, 492, 495, 497 antenna (Anisolabis), 176 antennata (Salpis), 320 Anteois, 217, 220, 221 anteviridata (Cidaria), 273 anthedon (Euralia), xvi, 498, 499, 507, 509, 510 Anthobosca, 391, 397, 398, 399 Anthrocera, xiii, lvi, lvii, lviii Anticlea, 252 antipodes (Cerceris), 422 antis (Astylus), lv Antizera, 481, 494 antoni (Anisolabis), 176 Antygophanes, 320, 324 Apaturopsis, xvii apicalis (Cymatophora), 341 », (Melanolophia), 341 apicata (Hammaptera), 245 Apicia, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306 apiciata (Geometra), 211 Apiciopsis, 306 apicitruncaria (Thysanopyga), 301 Apion, 385 Aplodes, 207, 210, 211 apollo (Parnassius), xxvili », var. carpaticus XXVili Aporia, xlvi, 1xxiii aporonoma (Anisolabis), 175, 176 apparitaria (Acidalia), 227 appendiculata (Haemonia), xliv approbata (Acidalia), 227 approximans (Atyria), 231 a (Atyriodes), 231 apricaria (Heterolocha), 288 H (Parnassius), ( @xiny )) apricaria (Melinoides), 288, 289 i (Metrocampa), 288 arabica (Anthobosea), 397, 399 arana (Caripeta), 326 », (KErilophodes), 326 ,, (Leucolithodes), 326 arcania (Coenonympha), xlvii »» var. insubrica (Coenonympha), xlvil arcanioides (Coenonympha), liv arciel (Epactiothynnus), 415 Ardiosteres, 476 arenisca (Macaria), 294 arenosa (Nematocampa), 287 arenularia (Sabulodes), 308 arescopa (Cupidesthes), 6, 9 argante (Catopsilia), lii argentilinea (Ratiaria), 287 argentina (Coremia), 257 (Ochyria), 256, 257, 269 i (Rhopalodes), 240 argia (Zizera), 486 argica (Eupithecia), 277, 278 argilaria (Cymatophora), 341 argiolus (Celastrina), xlvi », var. sikkima (Lycaenopsis), 490 argopa (Ethmia), 461 Argynnis, xlvi, lxiv areyrognomon ‘(Plebeius), xlvi argyrophaea (Tisis), 439 Argyroploce, 435, 436 Aricia, xlvi aridula (Cryptolechia), 456 arion (Lycaena), xlvi arispe (Caligo), li Arixenia, il Arizela, 207, 324, 325 Arlex, 189, 190, 191 armata (Euborellia), 180 armiger (Aeolothynnus), 417 arnobia (Amphidasys), 843 », (Phalaena Geometra), 343 », (Thyrinteina), 343 articulatum (Bembidium), 883 arundinis (Nonagria), xlvii ascanius (Papilio), lii asceta (Ptychopoda), 217 Ascotinae, 280 Asellodes, 213 asina (Drepanodes), 302 asinana (Herbita), 309 Aspuates, 208, 221, 273, 291, 326, 327 Aspitates, 221 assimile (Bembidium), 888 Astatus, 519, 520, 521 asthenaria (Acidalia), ai 216 50 (Deptalia), 21 Astheninae, 231 Asthenothynnus, 411, 413, 414, 415 astraea (Antizera), 494 astrarche (Aricia), xlvi Astylus, lv Atemeles, 148 aterrima (Phymatocera), xxxVv, XXXVI aterrimus (Pterostichus), lvili athalia (Melitaea), Ixiv Athrypsiastis, 457, 458 atlanticus (Hydroecia), xxiv atomaria (Acidalia), 227 99 (Kmaturga), xxxvi atrapex (Deuterocopus), 112, 115, 118, IPO, WAIL, Wes atrescens (Coryptilum), 475 atridiscata (Acidalia), 229 oy (Craspedia), 229 atrigemmata (Actizera), 483, 494, 496, 497 op (Antizera), 481, 495 . (Zizera) 482 atropesaria (Choerodes), 308 AA (Sabulodes), 308 | atrosignata (Imma), 465 Atteria, 433 Atteva, 470, 471 Atyria, 207, 229, 230, 231 Atyriodes, 230, 231 Auophylla, 211 aurantiaca (Cerceris), 420 aurea (Lycaenesthes), 20, 59 aurelia (Melitaea), xxviii auricularia (Forficula), 179 aurinia, var, aurunca (Melitaea), lili var. comacina (Melitaea), liii auritula (Luciola), 533 aurora (Kudule), 233 aurulenta (Dielis), 404 australis (Cerceris), 422 We (Spilomena), 418 austriacaria (Larentia), 252 Austrostylops, xliii, 514, 515 Autanepsia, 221 autonoma (Brachmia), 369 avia (Labiduromma), 188 avis (Callophrys), xxi, Xxli, Xxill, O.O.QBUN lip, LO, iy ley oh, HOR Wil. 92, 98, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 Azelina, 288, 307, 312, 8138, 314, 315, 316, 318, 320 azteca (Anisolabis), 169 baccata (Camptogramma), 261 Badister, Ixxii, 883 balanota (Atteva), 471 balistaria (Ptychopoda), 219 f ballus (Thestor), xxxvii (Giicsvan) balteolata (Larentia), 259 barberae (Lycaena), 495 Barylypa, 390 basina (Xanthyris), 230 Bassania, 308 Bassarodes, 459 bathychasma (Deuterocopus), 112, 130 batida (Eupithecia), 275 batis (Hammaptera), 245 baynei (Pseudobrephos), 328, 329 Baynia, 208, 242, 243 Bedellia, 374 bellargus (Agriades), vi, xlvili, Ixviii (Polyommatus), xlvi bellimar go (Hupithecia), 276 % (Tephroclystia), 276 Bembidium, xxi, lix, 382, 383 benesignata (Almodes), 210 bengalensis (Labidura), 185 (Lycaenesthes), 1, 14 benigna (Scoparia), 366 bernsteiniella (Dasycera), 440 beryllitis (Tortyra), 462 bicineta (Coricia), 290 », (Lomographa), 290 bicolorella (Tisis), 437, 440 bicornis (Hymenopus), Ne Ub bicurvata (Pero), 314, 315 bidentata (Odontopera), xxxi bifoveolata (Brachylabis), 196 (Metisolabis), 196 bigemma (Idioglossa), 373 bihe (Lycaenesthes), 17, 34 bilineatus (Coptotettix), 364 bimaculata (Snellenia), 440 bimaculatus (Stenus), 383 bipartitus (Epactiothynnus), 416 bipunctata (Tetrix), 359 bipunctatum (Conosoma), xxi bipunctatus (Stenus), 382, 383 bipustulatus (Badister), Ixxil, 383 biskrensis (Tachytes), 521 Biston, 152, 343 Bistoninae, 280 bitje (Lycaenesthes), 19, 50 bjerkandrella (Choreutis), 374 Boarmia, xxxi, 205, 209, 332, 333, 334, 335, 3387, 338, 339, 343 Boarmidae, 259 Boarmiinae, 208, 280 bogotata (Epione), 308 bolivari (Echinosoma), 164 boops (Astatus), 520, 521 Borellia, 168, 179 bormansi (Anisolabis), 176 Bormansia, 189 botydaria (Acidalia), 217 FXel MUMEXEXEXAVIIG botydata (Acidalia), 224 iP (Hamalia), 224 Braccinae, 207 brachicera (Dielis), 403 Brachmia, 369, 450, 451 Brachylabidae, 202 Brachylabinae, 161, 162, 188, 189, 190, 191 Brachylabis, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 198, 199, 201 brachymorpha (Platyptilia), 367 Braconidae, lv, 389 branchiodes (Argyroploce), 435 brasiliensis (Thermastris), 166 brassicae (Ganoris), 152 5 (Mamestra), 152 braueri (Isolabis), 196 », sub-sp. donisthorpii lepis), Ixxii Brenthia, 467, 468, 469 Brenthis, xiii, xxvili brevibractea (Echinopsalis), 166, 167 (Preno- _brevilinea (Sarracena), 273 britannica (Ptinella), xxx Bronchelia, 207, 342, 343 Brotis, 301 Bruchus, |xxii brunnea (Lycaenesthes), 13 », (Propyragra), 166, 167 brunneata (Sphacelodes), 301 brunneri (Anisolabis), 175, 177 brunneus (Cupidesthes), 7, 13 5 (Lycaenesthes), 18 brunnipes (Stenus), 383 bryifera (Syrtodes), 3827, 328 Bryoptera, 326, 332 buccholzi (Lycaenesthes), 19, 49, 50 bucculentus (Prototettix), 362 bucephala (Pygaera), 152, 153 bufo (Trachytettix), 348 buphthalmus (Stenus), 383, 384 burri (Psalis), 182 ,, (Pseudisolabis), 188 buscki (Propyragra), 166, 167 butleri (Lycaenesthes), 34, 35 Byssodes, 286, 287 Cacoecia, 432 Cacogamia, 437 caeca (Anisolabis), 176 caelicola (Brenthia), 468 caementaria (Osmia), 155, 157 caerulea (Lycaenesthes), 82 ee iriclem a) 72182 Calathus, xiii calbisaria (Apicia), 302, 304 e-album (Polygonia), lxiv Caligo, lii ' callichalca (Monopis), 474 H 2 (ONexevil oy) Callimorpha, 345 Callipia, 207, 238 Callipseustes, 327 Callophrys, xxi, Xxli, xxiii, xXXxXVill, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 Calocalpe, 265, 266 Calopteron, lv calycodes (Tinea), 474 Calyptocome, 225 Cambogia, 226, 280 camilla (Limenitis), xlvi campestris (Cicindela), xxx Campsomeris, 400, 403, 404 Camptogramma, 258, 259, 260, 261, 268 canadaria (Melanolophia), 341 canaliculata (Drusilla), 385 ae (Tiphia), 397 canis (Ctenocephalus), lxvi capitalis (Tachysphex), 526 capitaria (Nipteria), 290 capona (Herbita), 310 capucina (Xylolocha), 307 Capys, 3 Carabus, xliii carcharias (Crocanthes), 444 Carcinophora, 181, 183 carcinota (Lyonetia), 374 carfinia (Thysanopyga), 301 Caripeta, 326 carlinae, var. cirsil (Hesperia), xlv carnea (Catascia), 208, 330, 331 carneitincta (Salpis) 208, 320, 321, 822 Carphotricha, Ixxi Carposina, 431 Carposinidae, 430 Carsia, 236, 239, 257 carthami (Hesperia), xlvi cassiopeia (Pseudasellodes), 213 cassununga (Meganthopus), liv Castalius, 83, 495 castetsi (Psalis), 182 castina (Xanthyris), 230 Catascia, 208, 330, 331 Cataspilates, 291 Catocala, lii Catophoenissa, 328, 329 Catopsilia, lii caudelli (Metisolabis), 196 198 caularum (Holoparamecus), xxi cauquenensis (Scotosia), 267 Ae (Triphosa), 266, 267 Ran inca (Triphosa), 267 Celastrina, xlvi celosoides (Boarmia), 335 celosoides (Stenalcidia), 335 celtis (Libythea), lx censoria (Platyptilia), 367 centrifuga (Tortyra), 463 centrostrigaria (Coremia), 262 ct (Orthonama), 262, 263 cephise (Callimorpha), 345 eerberus (Trichura), lv Cerceris, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424 certata (Calocalpe), 265, 266 Cerura, 151 cervinalis (Calocalpe), 265, 266 cervinicolor (Anisoperas), 307 cervus (Lucanus), 1538 Cetoniidae, xxxvi Ceuthorrhynchideus, xxxv Ceuthorrhynchus, xxxv chalybaeella (Tisis), 437 chanchani (Cymatophora), 331 7 (Gnophos), 208 chandala (Zizera), 486, 487 charadraea (Tisis), 439 Charaxes, xv, xli, 506 Chelidura, 194 chelophora (Procalyptis), 431 chephise (Melanchroia), 345 Ae (Phalaena Geometra), 345 Chesias, 235, 236, 238 chibcha (Atyria), 207, 229 », (Flavinia), 229 », ab. cuneifera (Cyllopoda), 229, 230 chilenaria (Colotois), 320 » (Salpis), 320, 323 chilensis (Brachylabis), 190, 192, 193 chillanensis (Larentia), 266 Chilopora, 384 chincha (Kupithecia), 276 chirinda (Lycaenesthes), 16, 27 chlamydaria (Sarracena), 273 Chloraspilates, 273 Chloridolum, xiii chloroclystata (Amblurodes), 327 ae (Syrtodes), 327 chlorophaearia (Cidaria), 327, 328 Choerodes, 308 chomatias (Osphretica), 475 chontalia (Pyragra), 166 Choreutis, 374 Chrismopteryx, 208, 252, 253, 331 chryseostictus (Neurellipes), 66, 67, 68 Chrysididae, xix chrysitis (Plusia), 151 Chrysophanus, 3, 98 Ciampa, 255 Cicadula, xlii cicatriculata (Hoplolygris), 207, 255 pp (Cuyremtis), 258 ( @iatl )) cicatriculata (Pelurga), 255 Cicindela, xxx cicindeloides (Stenus), 379, 380, 381 Cidaria, 205, 244, 245, 248, 249, 250, 260, 261, 262, 270, 273, 327, 328 Cidariophanes, 327 cincticollis (Psalis), 182, 183 cinerascens (Tinissa), 476 Cionus, lix cisplatensis (Hueupithecia), 274, 275 citrata (Dysstroma), 268, 271 », (Geometra), 271 ,, (Phalaena), 271 citrinata (Perusia), 289 citrogaster (Leptodeuterocopus), 138 Cladonotae, 347, 355 Cladoramus, 346, 348, 354 claustrata (Lecithocera), 448 Clavelia, xxxv Claviger, lx, 145, 146 clavipennis (Pterygopterus), lv clavipes (Rhopalotettix), 357 cleistostoma (Tretothorax), lix cleocharis (Apaturopsis), xvii cleopatra (Gonopteryx), Ixix Cleora, 340 clorinde (Gonepteryx), lii clypeatus (Piezotettix), 347 Clysia, 307 Cnemodes, 214 Cnephora, 318 Cnethocampa, xxvii Coenocalpe, 262, 264 Coenonympha, xxvili, xlvi, xlvii, liv, 480 coerulea (Amaurinia), 279 coerulescens (Dianous), xxx, 379, 383, 384 Colias, lxix collaris (Myrmedonia), 385 Colobopsis, xx colonella (Kthimia), 462 colorata (Erilophodes), 326 colossea (Anisolabis), 168, 175, 176 Colotois, 320 colubraria (Pantherodes), 291 columbiana (Psalis), 183 combustaria (Kucosmia), 244 sa (Hammaptera), 244 (Larentia), 244 comitata (Pelurga), 255 comma (Pamphila), lxix comminuta (Marragodes), 281 (Narragodes), 281 “commixtata (Iridopsis), 340 commotaria (Cymatophora), 341 5 (Stenalcidia), 333 compensata (Acidalia), 227 | completa (Hypolepis), 272 compressa (Anisolabis), 177 comtus (Xanthandrus), xxv, XXV11 concophanes (Sobareutis), 470 concolor (Kchinosoma), 164 », (Tapinostola), xxi concoloraria (Acidalia), 226 concomitans (Dichromatopodia), 216 confertaria (Acidalia), 226 confrater (Sphex), 420 congo (Forcipula), 187 congoata (Scotosia), 265 congolense (Hchinosoma), 164 Conops, lxxi Conosoma, xxi conradti (Acmophyllum), 349, 355 a (Tiphia), 394 conspicua (Atteva), 471 constricta (Hammaptera), 245 continua (Myzine), 392 a (Plesia), 392 contorta (Azelina), 288 5 (Semiothisa), 288 convexus (Coptotettix), 364, 365 Coptotettix, 363, 364, 365 Coremia, 245, 257, 261, 262 coriacea (Brachylabis), 192, 193 coriacella (Stagmatophora), 372 coriarius (Odontomachus), lix Coricia, 290 coridon (Agriades), vi, vii, viii, ix, x, Xl, Xll, XXXVi, xxxVii, xlvili, lxix », var. albicans (Agriades), x » var, arragonensis (Agriades), x xii ,, ab. aurantia (Agriades), ix », var. borussia (Agriades), x », ab. caerulescens (Agriades), x XXvl, 5) xii »» var. caucasica (Agriades), ix, x », var. constanti (Agriades), x, XXXVHl, xlvii »» var. corydonis (Agriades), xi ,», var. corydonius (Agriades), ix, xe a », ab. excelsa (Agriades), ix ,, var. hafneri (Agriades), ix », var. hispana (Agriades), ix, x », var. et ab. marginata (Agri- ades), x », var. meridionalis (Agriades), x, xlvii, xlix, 1 eo wuvar meridionalis, f. constanti (Agriades), x, 1 var. meridionalis, f. rezniceki, (Agriades), x, xlix, 1 ( @xaiit coridon var. olympica (Agriades), x, xi{ culta (Scolia), 404 var. rezniceki (Agriades), x f. semisyngrapha (Agriades), ix ab. suavis (Agriades), xlviil var. syriaca (Agriades), ix, x, xi ab. unicolor (Agriades), ix (Polyommatus), xii, xlvi var. appennina (Polyommatus), xlvi, 1 Correbidia, lv corrivulata (Epirrhoe), 249, 250 3 (Kuphyia), 249 corticeata (Camptogramma), 268 corvaria (Phalaena), 345 Corycia, 289 Coryptilum, 475 Cosilidae, 390 Cosilinae, 397 Cosmopterygidae, 372, 452 Cosmopteryx, 372, 452 costata (Eudule), 231 costipuncta, ab. ocellata (Cyclomia), 300 Coydalla, 449 Crabro, 429, 525 crambalea (Epimactis), 458 Craspedia, 226, 227, 228, 229 Craspediopsis, 221 crataegi (Aporia), xlvi crawshayi (Lycaenesthes), 18, 45 Cremastogaster, xx crenulatus (Cladoramus), 348, 354 Crepidodera, lx crinanensis (Hydroecia), xxiv, xxv crinita (Dielis), 403 », (Hlis), 403 », (Scolia), 403 Criocephalus, lxvi crisiifrons (Xerophyllum), 352 cristifrons (Xerophyllum), 351 cristulata (Pantelia), 348 Crocanthes, 442, 448, 444, 445 Crocota, 231 Crosita, xxXxvil cruciata (Scordylia), 234 cruciferaria (Odontothera), 208 cruciferia (Aspilates), 327 bs (Odontothera), 327 erypsichola (Carposina), 431 Cryptolechia, 456, 458 Cryptophagus, xliv Cryptophasa, 457 Ctenisolabis, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198 Ctenocephalus, lxvi cubitalis (Sapheneutis), 377 culta (Discolia), 404 cultratus (Piezotettix), 347 Cupidesthes, 2) 4,°5,°6) 7, 9) 10) 11; 12, 13 Cupido, xlvi — cupraria (Crocota), 231 ,, (Eudule), 231, 232 curriei (Dasyleurotettix), 859 | curvicornis (Lissotes), lili curvifascia (Nipteria), 290 curvilinea (Bronchelia), 343 custodiata (Coenocalpe), 262 eyanae (Cicadula), xliii cyanolychna (Placoptila), 453 eyanoplaca (Ptilosticha), 440, 441 ceyanosoma (Hretmocera), 454 Cyclomia, 300 Cylindrogaster, 187, 197 Cyllopoda, 229, 230 Cyllopodinae, 213 Cymatophora, 331, 332, 333, 341 Cymopsis, 344 cynarae (Hesperia), xlv cynorta (Papilio), xxix cypridia (Tortyra), 462 Cyrtorrhinus,. xliii cytherea (Mennis), 232 cytis (Antizera), 494 dacryodes (Cosmopteryx), 372 daemona (Euralia), 509 daplidice (Pontia), xlvi dardanus, sub-sp. cenea (Papilio), xv, xvi, 508, 510 f. hippocoon (Papilio), 508, 510 A f. trophonius (Papilio), 508 Dasycera, 441 Dasyleurotettix, 359 debilis (Psalis), 182 Decadarchis, 473 deceptor (Euralia), xiv, xv, xvii, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 508, 511, 512 deceptrix (Numia), 289 declaratus (Stenus), 383, 384 decolyi (Forcipula), 186 decreta (Zizera), 489 decurtaria (Ira), 310 Dielis, 402, 403, 404, 405 definita (Hammaptera), 245 », (Lycaenesthes), 16, 26, 27 defixaria (Acidalia), 227 defixata (Rumia), 289 Deileptenia, 209 Deiliniinae, 280 delinquaria (Iridopsis), 340 delospila (Zizera), 495 demissaria (Ptychopoda), 217 Demogorgon, 185 33 ( . @xibs, >) densata (Hymenomima), 338 dentata (Thoradonta), 359 denticularia (Boarmia), 332 denticulata (Imma), 464 4 (Polygraphodes), 226 A (Spartopteryx), 327 dentilineata (Monoctenia), 820 a (Salpis), 320 dentipes (Dinetus), 530 Deptalia, 215, 216 derivata (Anticlea), 252 Dermaptera, xi, 161, 193 Dermatoptera, xix designata (Ochyria), 257 desilineata (Orthonama), 263 despecta (Stenalcidia), 335 detexta (Bronchelia), 342 Deuterocopus, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 118, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 181, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138 Deuteroscopus, 109, 111, 118 Devarodes, 344 Diadema, 498 diademata (Epeira), 152 Dianous, xxx, 379, 380, 383, 384 Dianthoecia, xxii dibapha (Catophoenissa), 329 », (Epimecis), 329 Dichromatopodia, 216 dictynna (Melitaea), xxviii, lxiv A var. vernetensis (Melitaea), xiv dictynnoides (Melitaea), xxviii didyma (Melitaea), xlvi differens (Stenalcidia), 333 diffusa (Euralia), 509 Diliacos, 400 dilucida (Ancylometis), 371 diluta (Zizera), 486, 487 dilutata (Oporinia), 269 dimidiaria (Boarmia), 333 a (Stenalcidia), 333 $5 (Tephrosia), 333 dimidiatipennis (Dielis), 403 dimidiatus (Aeolothynnus), 417 Dinetus, 530, 531 Diplatys, xxx, 189 Diplura, xxxviii Discolia, 403, 404 discolor (Coptotettix), 364 discreta (Decadarchis), 473 discriminaria (Acidalia), 229 Dismorphia, lxviii dismutata (Rhopalista), 243 dispar (Obila), 264 distans (Parasemia), 293 distanti (Echinosoma), 164 Dithalama, 221 Dithecodes, 221 ditiorana (Glyphipteryx), 374 ditrapezium (Noctua), lxiv divisaria (Thysanopyga), 301 divulsata (Scotosia), 264 doddii (Crabro), 429 dohrni (Psalis), 182 », (Pyragra), 166 doriae (Allostethus), 163 », (Forficula), 163 dorilis (Loweia), xlvi doris (Melodryas), 472 Drepanodes, 301, 302 Drepanopsaltria, lii drucei (EKuralia), 499, 509 Drusilla, 385 Dryas, liv dubia (Kuralia), xvi, 498, 499, 505, 509, 510 »» var. cerberus (Euralia), 499, 511 », (Flavinia), 230 », (Orgyia), lxix dubiferata (Scotosia), 265 | dubitata (Triphosa), 267 dubronii (Anisolabis), 178 duealis (Larrada), 425 », (Liris), 425 dukinfieldia (Boarmia), 334 ws (Stenalcidia), 334 dulcis (Arizela), 207, 325 », (Lycaenesthes), 37 durnfordi (Atyria), 207, 230 i (Flavinia), 230 Dyschirius, xxi, 384 Dyscia, 300 Dysstroma, 268, 270, 271 eatoni (Harpactopus), 518 » (Sphex), 518 », (Lachysphex), 525 eburneata (Acidalia), 226 echeria (Amauris), xiv, xv, 499 Echinopsalis, 165, 166, 167 Echinosoma, 163, 164 Echinosomatinae, 161, 168, 165 eclipes (Acidalia), 228 Ketropis, 342 edmondsii (Hypochroma), 257 Ws (Xanthorhoé), 208, 257 edna (Phibalapteryx), 286 eduardi (Tachysphex), 527 eductata (Cidaria), 245, 249 fe (Kuphyia), 249 edusa (Colias), lxix », ab. helice (Colias), lxix effluata (Orthonama), 262 ega (Morpho), lii egialea (Amauris), 499 ( Gx ) eion (Flavinia), 230 electa (Gonolabis), 169, 170, 171, 178, 174 electrica (Placoptila), 454 elegans (Tisis), 437 Elis, 401, 403 Elymnia, xxix Ematurga, xxxvl emberizata (Cidaria), 245 Ag (Hammaptera), 245, 249 Emmelesia, 270 Emmiltis, 226 emolus (Lycaenesthes), 1, 4, 14, 15, 30, 32 enana (Boarmia), 337 », (Physocleora), 337 Enicmus, lix ennomaria (Gynopteryx), 302, 303, 304, 305 Ennominae, 280 Ennomos, 205, 305 enotata (Macaria), 293 Entephria, 248 Eois, 217 Epactiothynnus, 415, 416 Epeira, 152 ephialtes (Anthrocera), lvi Ephyra, 215 epicurta (Cacoecia), 432 Epimactis, 458 Epimecis, 329 Epione, lxiv, 308 Epiphractis, 373 Epirrhoé, 248, 249 EKrebia, xxviii Kretmocera, 454, 455 ergane (Pieris), xlv, xlvi Ergavia, 210 Erilophodes, 325, 326 erina (Achlora), 211 », (Miantonota), 211 ,, ab. disjuncta (Miantonota), 211 Erinnys, xlvi Eriogaster, XXXVili Eriopygidia, 272 Krirrhinus, lxvi Eristalis, 153 eros (Polyommatus), xlv Erosina, 308, 309, 310 erosinata (Tetracis), 306 erschoffi (Plebeius), 494 erythrogaster (Crabro), 429 Erythrolophus, 221 erythropoecila (Lycaenesthes), 57 erythropoecilus (Lycaenesthes), 20, 57, 58, 59 esau (Arixenia), ii escharota (Argyroploce), 436 escheri (Polyommatus), xlvi Esphalmeninae, 161, 163, 169, 202 Esphalmenus, 163, 170 eteronoma (Anisolabis), 175, 177 Ethmia, 460, 461, 462 Ethmiadae, 460 Euacidalia, 220 Kubolia, 258 Euborellia, 168, 175, 176, 179, 180, 181 Kucestiinae, 231, 238 Euchloé, liv euchroma (Cerceris), 421, 424 Eucosmia, 244, 266 Eucosmidae, 368, 434 Eucymatoge, 274 eudora (Microdontopera), 322 », (Salpis), 320, 322, 323 Eudule, 231, 2382, 233 Eudulinae, 231 Eudulophasia, 233 Kueides, lxvili Euephyra, 215 Kueupithecia, 274, 275 Eulepidotus, 286 eumedon (Aricia), xlvi Euparatettix, 359, 360 Euphaedra, xxix Kuphanessa, 231 eupheno (Euchloé), liv Kuphyia, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 260 Hupileta, 280, 284 Eupithecia, 205, 274, 275, 276, 277, 978, 279 Euprepia, 152 Euralia, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xli, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513 euria (Camptogramma), 260 eurylampis (Tisis), 438 eurytus (Pseudacraea), 498 Eustroma, 270 Evaesthetus, 384 Everes, xlvi, 494 exacta (Calocalpe), 266 exagitata (Camptogramma), 261 exangulata (Hymenomima), 339 exanthista (Tortyra), 464 excavaria (Anisodes), 215 excavatum (Acmophyllum), 355 excavatus (Zaspilothynnus), 420 exhonorata (Sabulodes), 307, 308 exiguata (Eupithecia), 278, 279 expolita (Chrismopteryx), 252, 253 expositata (Tanagra), 345 exsecta (Formica), xliv, 146, 147 exsulatum (Labiduromma), 188 (GSR) extensum (Xerophyllum), 350, 351 extersaria (Hymenomima), 338 extrema (Tapinostola), Ixxii fagi (Stauropus), 152 famulus (Deuterocopus), 112 fasciata (Lycaenesthes), 81 fasciatipennis (Discolia), 403 fasciatus (Lycaenesthes), 81 Ee Guriclema)sui2eclnno fasciolata (Perizoma), 268 fausta (Lecithocera), 449 felderi (Azelina), 320 », (Salpis), 320 felis (Ctenocephalus), Ixvi felix (Anisolabis), 178 femoralis (Psalis), 182 fernandezi (Ctenisolabis), 197, 198 ferrugata (Ptychopoda), 217 i’ (Xanthorhoe), 269 5, ab, unidentaria (Xanthorhoé), 268 ferruginata (Hois), 217 ferrugineipes (Dielis), 404, 405 (Scolia), 404, 405 festae ’(Anisolabis), 175, 177 festiva (Psalis), 181, 182 Fidonia, 300 Fidoniinae, 280 figinii (Paralabidura), 185 filamentaria (Nematocampa), 288 filipendulae (Anthrocera), lvii, lviii Me var. chrysanthemi (Anthro- cera), xii ab. flava (Anthrocera), xiii fimbriata (Calocalpe), 266 i (Metachanda), 369 flammea (Meliana), xxiii Flavinia, 229, 230 flavipes (Stenus), 382, 384 ‘Aemiegmpennete (Eviopyg idia), 272 op (Spargania), 272 dlemonnpanllat (Lycaenesthes), 53 flavomaculatus (Lycaenesthes), 19, 53, 65 flavopicta (Anthobosca), 399 flavus (Lasius), Ixxii, 145, 146 fletcheri (Ctenisolabis), 197 flexicosta (Metasiopsis), 219, 221 », (Ptychopoda), 219, 220, 221 flexifascia (Hamalia), 222, 223 floccosaria (Pterocypha), 264 ¥ (Scotosia), 264 floridensis (Sphacelodes), 301 fluvialis (Cerceris), 421 fluviata (Geometra), 261, 263 », (Perenoptilota), 261 foedata (Camptogramma), 259 forbesi (Echinosoma), 164 Forcipula, 184, 186, 187 Forficula, 163, 179 Forficularia, 202 Forficulidae, 202 Formasimus, xxxvi Formica, xiii, xliv, xlv, xlvii, lxxii Formicomus, xx formosa (Dielis), 403, 404 », var. maculiceps (Dielis), 408 », (Scelolophia), 226 forticornis (Ilyobates), 381 fossulatus (Prototettix), 362 foveolatus (Claviger), 145 fragilis (Tephrinopsis), 295, 296 fragosa (Oinophila), 376 freygessneri (‘Tachytes), 521, 522, 523 fringillata (Cidaria), 245 ip (Hammaptera), 245 Frisilia, 446 frondaria (Aplodes), 210, 211 », (Synchlora), 210, 211 fugax (Solenopsis), 146 fuliginosus (Lasius), lxvii A (Quedius), 3884 fulva (Tapinostola), xxi fulvago (Xanthia), lvii fulvicornis (Tiphia), 396 fulvilinea (Drepanodes), 302 fulvimacula (Lycaenesthes), 68 fulvitincta (Cleora), 340 5 (Lridopsis), 340 i (Melinoides), 288 fumida (Hammaptera), 246 », (Nephodia), 290 », (Nipteria), 290 », (Upenora), 290 fumigrisea (Cymatophora), 331 fumipennis (Astatus), 519 furcata (Mesovelia), xliii furciferata (Larentia), 245 furva (Calocalpe), 265 furvipennis (Kupithecia), 276 .5 (Tephroclystia), 276 fusca (Azelina), 313 », (Formica), xliv, xlv, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150 55 (IReIRO), BIL ny (CeRalbis, il », (Stenalcidia), 333, 336 fuscata (Narragodes), 281 », (Pyragra), 165, 166, 167 fuscovariata (Disclisioprocta), 259 pe (Gnophos), 259 fuscum (Echinosoma), 164 », (Olophrum), xxxi », (Xerophyllum), 351 fusilinea (Apicea), 305 fusilineata (Brotis), 301 (Gaal) gabraria (Azelina), 307 », (Geitonia), 307 ig (Xylolocha), 307 gagatina (Psalis), 182, 183 gaika (Zizeeria), 481, 482 ,, (Zizera), 479, 482 ,, (Zizula), 483, 491, 492, 493, 495, 496, 497 galatea (Melanargia), xlvii galeatum (Xerophyllum), 351 Ganoris, 152 gariazzi (Forcipula), 187 Gastrosericus, 529 gaudens (Anisolabis), 176 Geitonia, 307 Gelasma, 210 Gelechiadae, 369, 437 geminus (Cyrtorrhinus), xlili gemmata (Geometra), 261 fe (Ptychopoda), 217 gemmifera (Neurellipes), 67, 70 geniculata (Brachylabis), 195 nS (Chelidura), 194 genuini (Ichneumones), 389 genurma (Hammaptera), 244 Geometra, 211, 261, 268, 271 Geometridae, xxx, 204, 205, 207, 255, 265, 268, 320, 344 Geometrinae, 210 germanica (Cicindela), xxx giacomellii (Lithostege), 234, 235 i ab. angulata (Lithostege), 234, 236 gigantata (Macaria), 292 giganteus (Goliathus), xxxvi gilesi (Cerceris), 422 gilvago (Xanthia), lvii glabrifrons (Trypophyllum), 348 gladiaria (Gynopteryx), 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 311 Glaucopteryx, 254, 268 glauculata (Amaurinia), 279 A (Thalassodes), 279, 280 globosus (Dyschirius), 384 glyphicarius (Aspilates), 327 Glyphipterygidae, 374, 462 Glyphipteryx, 374, 470 gnamptographa (Melanolophia), 341 gnoma (Anomphax), 212 » (Omphax), 212 Gnophos, 205, 208, 259, 330, 331 Gnypeta, 385 Godana, 432 Goliathus, xxxvi Gonaepa, 442 Gonepteryx, lii Gonolabidae, 169 Gonolabina, 161 Gonolabis, 163, 168, 169, 170,171, 172 173, 174, 175 gonopteraria (Azelina), 313 A (Pero), 318 Gonopteryx, lxix gordius (Loweia), xlvi Gracilariadae, 373 gracililinea (Geitonia), 307 gracilipes (Austrostylops), xlili, 515 gracilitarsis (Tachysphex), 527 grammica (Lycaenesthes), 83 granillosa (Cymatophora), 341 50 (Melanolophia), 341 Graphidipus, 239 Graphipidus, 239 greeni (Euborellia), 180 grisea (Stenalcidia), 334, 335, 338 griseata (Azelina), 318 », (Cnephora), 318 grosei (Lycaenesthes), 40 grossulariata (Abraxas), lxvili, 152, 153 a ab. varleyata (Abraxas), lxvili grumata (Hammaptera), 245 guanicola (Thomosis), lix gueéneei (Luperina), ]xii, lxiii guttata (Echinopsalis), 167 », (Psalis), 163 », (Stenus), 382, 383 guttularis (Carphotricha), lxxi gyda (Narragodes), 207, 281 Gynopteryx, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 311 Gypsochroa, 259 gyritis (Paramorpha), 431 hades (Triclema), 71, 74, 76 Haemalea, 222 Haemonia, xliv haesitata (Gypsochroa), 259 », (Scotosia), 259 Halictophagidae, 515 Halictus, 419 halisma (Hammaptera), 248 halixanta (Argyroploce), 435 Hamalia, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225 Hammaptera, 248, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 269 Harma, xxix Harpactopus, 518 Hasodima, 325 Hastula, xxv, xxvi hecate (Amauris), 499 », (Brenthis), xiii helcita (Aletis), xxix Helcon, lili heliarcha (Gonaepa), 442 heliaula (Atteria), 433 Heliconidae, Ixviii (| cxxiii_ ) helioclina (Tisis), 437 heliodoxa (Atteva), 471 hellmanni (Tapinostola), xxi, lxxii helopioides (Oodes), 381 hemiacma (Lecithocera), 448 hemicausta (Thriambeutis), 470 hemichlorata (Aspilates), 273 Hemimerus, ii Hemitheidae, 210 Hemitheinae, 210, 213 hemixysta (Tisis), 438 Heodes, xlvi, 3 Herbita, 309, 310 hermanni (Agriomyia), 408 hero (Coenonympha), xxviii Hesperia, xlv, xlvi hesperia (Nyctemera), xxix hesperina (Hudule), 231 Heterolocha, 288, 289 heterolocha (Hyperythra), 305 Heterothops, 384 Heterusia, 233, 2384 Heterusiinae, 231 hewitsoni (Lycaenesthes), 40 Hexadactilia, 107, 108 Hibernia, 205 Hieroxestis, 375 himalayensis (Tiphia), 896, 397 hippocrepidis (Anthrocera), lvii, lviii (Zygaena), xiii Hippodes, 346, 347 hirtaria (Biston), 2 histricus (Paratettix), 360 histrio (Enicmus), lix hobleyi (Lycaenesthes), 16, 24, 25 », (Pseudacraea), xxix hoedularia (Azelina), 312 Be (Pero), 312 holcias (Lycaenesthes), 83 holdausi (Nannisolabis), 194, 195 Holoparamecus, xxi Homalotae, 384 Homaloxestis, 446 Homona, 432 Honorana, 319, 321 Hoplolygris, 207, 254, 255 Horisme, 262 horridum (Echinosoma), 164 horsfieldi (Allotinus), xxxvili, xxxix, xl, od howardi (Leptisolabis), 199 humboldti (Dielis), 404 i (Scolia), 404 humeralis (Luciola), 5382 hyacinthina (Tisis), 439 hyberniaria (Tephrosia), 332 yberniata (Erosina), 309 | Hydata, 213 | Hydriomena, 263 | Hydriomeninae, 231 Hydroecia, xxiii, xxiv, xxv hyerana (Hastula), xxv, xxvi hylas (Polyommatus), xlvi Hylograptis, 450, 451 Hymenomima, 334, 338, 339 Hymenopus, ], li Hypera, 385 Hyperetis, 288 Hyperythra, 302, 304, 305 Hypochroma, 257 Hypolepis, 271, 272 Hypolimnas, xvi, 498 Hypsaeus, 346, 347, 349, 350 ‘| Hypsidae, xxix ianthes (Ypsolophus), 452 icarus (Lycaena), 487 302, 304, »» (Polyommatus), xlvi, xlviii, lxviii, lxix Ichneumones, 389 Ichneumonidae, 386, 389 Ichneumonides (Methoca), xxx Idialcis, 208, 284, 285, 286 Idioglossa, 373 iduna (Perizoma), 270 ilicis (Nordmannia), xlvi illineata (Stenalcidia), 334 Ilyobates, 381 imitata (Thamnonoma), 292 Imma, 464, 465, 466, 467 immanata (Dysstroma), 268 xs (Phalaena), 271 immissus (Biston), 343 imparata (Acidalia), 215 impauperata (Scotosia), 259 imperatrix (Tisis), 440 impressa (Crepidodera), lx i (Luciola), 532 impressus (Prototettix), 361 impromissata (Perizoma), 254, 267, 268 (Ypsipetes), 267 inaequalis (Hypsaeus), 347 inca (Gonolabis), 163, 170 incandescens (Ptilosticha), 441 incerta (Anisolabis), 175, 177 incolorata (Phrygionis), 286 incurvata (Stenodonta), 318 indefinita (Eupithecia), 276 56 (Lycaenesthes), 16, 25 indica (Zizera), 479, 481, 482, 484, 486, 488, 489 (Zizina), 488, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 495, 496, 497 indicum (Allostethus), 163 ineffectaria (Tephrosia), 332 inermis (Labidura), 185 39 ( inexcisa (Semiothisa), 294 inexpectata (Cerceris), 421 infelix (Anisolabis), 178 ,, (Sabulodes), 320; 321 », (Salpis), 320, 321 infuscata (Coptotettix), 365 insignis (Prosopigastra), 528 insolita (Gnophos), 208, 331 », (Scotopterix), 331 insulanum (Echinosoma), 164 insularia (Acidalia), 215, 216 a (Deptalia), 215 a (Pleuroprucha), 215 o (Ptychopoda), 216 insularis (Liacos), 400 es (Scolia), 400 intaminata (Piagetia), 426 intercalata (Cidaria), 245 interguttella (Coydalla), 449 (Onebala), 449 interlineata (Cymopsis), 344 5 (Devarodes), 344 internexata (Craspedia), 227 interrupta (Plesia), 392 interruptata (Cidaria), 262 interruptus (Euparatettix), 359 intestinata (Phibalaptertyx), 259 ns (Phibalapteryx), 259 intrudens (Syagrius), lxxi intrusata (Phibalapteryx), 261 invaria (Ameria), 233 », (Eudule), 233 », (Budulophasia), 233 invenusta (Stenalcidia), 334 iostrota (Limnoecia), 454 Ira, 310 Iridopsis, 340, 341 Tsanthrene, lv Ischnopteryx, 327, 328 isis (Atyria), 230 isochrysa (Anaphantis), 472 Isolabidae, 189, 190, 202 Isolabis, 190, 191, 195, 196 Issoria, xlvi ituria (Lycaenesthes), 16, 22 iveni (Catascia), 330 | ja (Lycaenesthes), 20, 58 jacintaria (Pachrophylla), 241 jacintha (Idialcis), 285, 286 jacintharia (Cidaria), 244 jacksoni (Deuterocopus), 124, 129 jacobsoni (Forcipula), 187 jamaicensis (Pero), 313, 314 Jamides, 1 janeirensis (Euborellia), 180 japonica (Zizera), 486 jatropharia (Cyllopoda), 230 javana (Anisolabis), 174 CXxiv ) javana (Gonolabis), 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174 jermyni (Parhestina), xxiii johnstoni (Acraea), xlii jonesaria (Azelina), 313 ap (Pero), 313 juba (Lycaenesthes), 20, 68, 64 jugurtharia (Cidaria), 244 (Hammaptera), 244 junctilinea (Alcis), 335 ne (Stenalcidia), 335 juno (Stenus), 382, 384 kamilila (Triclema), 71, 76, 78 kampala (Lycaenesthes), 19, 52 karsandra (Zizeeria), 480, 481, 482, 484, 485, 491, 495, 496, 497 (Zizera), 479, 480, 481, 482 karschi (Piezotettix), 347 Karschiella, 189 kersteni (Lycaenesthes), 44 kirbyi (Anisolabis), 171 », (Euralia), xvi, xvii », (Gonolabis), 169, 170, 171 », (Salius), lv kikuyu (Lycaenesthes), 17, 37 Klugia, xlvi knysna (Zizera), 486 korlana (Everes), 494 kudagae (Anisolabis), 178 kurandae (Nitela), 428, 429 kurandensis (Asthenothynuus), 411 labeculata (Cerceris), 421 Labidura, 175, 183, 184, 185, 187 Labiduridae, xi, 161 Labidurinae, 162, 165, 183 Labidurodes, 168 Labiduromma, 188 Labiidae, Ixv labilis (Gnypeta), 385 labradus, var. otis (Zizeeria), 481 (Zizeva), 482, 484, 486, 489 (Zizina), 483, 489, 490, 491, 492, 495, 497 66 var. dryina (Zizina), 489, 490, 491, 492, 495 M7 var. otis (Zizina), 489, 495 var. sangra (Zizina), 489, 495, 496, 497 Laccobius, lix lachares (Lycaenesthes), 3, 18, 19, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 66 », var. obsolescens (Lycaenes- thes), 48 lachrymosus (Aeolothynnus), 416 lacides (Lycaenesthes), 73 ee a (riclema)) Nw/aleudie lactevirens (Kupithecia), 276 99 ( cxxv ) lactevirens (Tephroclystia), 276 lacunata (Pseudasellodes), 213 lades (Macrocneme), liv, lv laeta (Anisolabis), 177 laetus (Astatus), 520 laevipennis (Apicia), 306 laevis (Narragodes), 280 laica (Cryptolechia), 456 l-album (Leucania), 1xii lamias (Lycaenesthes), 79 5) ((iNmelemre), 7/1, 7% Wo lamprocles (Lycaenesthes), 65 56 (Neurypexina), 49, 65 Lampyris, XXxXvi lanestris (Hriogaster), xxxvili lapidata (Coenocalpe), 262 lapillata (Camptogramma), 261 laqueata (Taragmarcha), 370 Larentia, 244, 245, 252, 254, 259, 260, 265, 266, 273 Larentiinae, 231, 235, 259, 269 Larrada, 425 larydas (Lycaenesthes), 8, 10, 15, 18, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50 5, (Pseudodypsas), 44 Lasiocampidae, ]xix Lasiops, 319, 820, 321 Lasius, lx, lxvii, ]xviii, Ixxii, 144, 145, 146, 147 lasti (Lycaenesthes), 17, 22, 29, 84 lateraria (Coremia), 245 laternaria (Asellodes), 213 lathonia (Issoria), xlvi Lathrobium, lix, lxvi latifasciella (Tisis), 437 latiorata (Ameria), 233 Latiorina, xlvili, lxix latirupta (Hydriomena), 263 53 (Phibalapteryx), 262 lativalvis (Tachysphex), 524 lativentris (Gonolabis), 169 lavaterae (Erinnys), xlvi Lecithocera, 447, 448, 449 Lembeja, lii lembula (Meridarchis), 430 lemnos (Lycaenesthes), 17, 30, 47, 88 leonina (Cupidesthes), 5, 6, 12 », (Lycaenesthes), 12, 13 Lepidoptera, lii leptines (Lycaenesthes), 20, 56, 57, 58, 64 Leptisolabis, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201 Leptodeuterocopus, 107, 188, 141 * Leptomeris, 217, 220, 222, 226 Leptostales, 219 Leucania, ]xii Leucochesias, 208, 326 leucoclora (Lecithocera), 448 Leucolithodes, 325, 326 leucostigma (Macrocneme), liv leukokescha (Lycaenesthes), 51 levis (Lycaenesthes), 18, 42 Liacos, 400 libanota (Tortyra), 463 librata (Parelliptis), 445 Libythea, lx ligea (Erebia), xxviii lignata (Orthonama), 262 (Pergama), 318 ab. obscurior (Pergama), 318 oy (CRD), Bly GUS ligulifera (Gynopteryx), 302, 304, 305 ligures (Lycaenesthes), 3, 16, 23, 25, 28, 83 limbata (Eudule), 232 (EKuphyia), 251 (Mennis), 232 », (Nematocampa), 288 Limenitis, xlvi limitata (Epirrhoé), 248 », (Ptychopoda), 217 Limnoecia, 458, 454 limosa (Melanolophia), 342 », (Tephrosia), 342 lindenii (Dielis), 404 linearis (Xylolocha), 307 Linoclostis, 458 liodes (Lycaenesthes), 17, 32, 34, 38 liparis (Lycaenesthes), 47, 48 Lipomelia, 222 Liris, 425 9? 9 99 99 | Lissochlora, 211 | Lissopsis, 239 Lissotes, lili lithas (Cupidesthes), 6, 11 » (Lycaenesthes), 11, 40 Lithina, 292 Lithostege, 208, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238 littorea (Anisolabis), 178 litura (Rhizobius), 385 liturata (Macaria), 293 livida (Lycaenesthes), 17, 34 lividipes (Paralabidura), 184, 185 lobiformis (Kudule), 232 lobulatus (Prototettix), 362 lochias (Lycaenesthes), 31 locra (Lycaenesthes), 43 locuples (Lycaenesthes), 19, 52 lombokianum (Allostethus), 162 Lomechusa, Ixxii, 144 Lomographa, 290 longicollis (Cionus), lix longicornis (Claviger), lx (Thynnus), 411 99 ( exxvi ) ongicornis (Zeleboria), 411 longipedata (Ptychopoda), 218, 220 longipenne (Lathrobium), lix, lxvi longipennis (Stenorrhoé), 274 longitarsis (Chilopora), 384 lonicerae (Zygaena), xiii lophopteryx (Deuterocopus), 112, 118, 121 lorquinii (Zizera), 479 loti (Diplura), xxxviii 35) (Osmania); 155,) 1156, 157 Loweia, xlvi Lozogramma, 292 Lucanus, 153 lucens (Hydroecia), xxiv, xxv lucida (Actizera),483, 494, 495, 496, 497 », (Antizera), 481, 494 Luciola, Ixxili, 532, 533 lucretia (Lycaenesthes), 80, 81 lucretilis (Lycaenesthes), 80 A (Triclema), 2, 71, 72, 80, 81 luctuosus (Agriomyia), 409 lugeus (Sphex), 519 lulu (Zizera), 495 lunulata (Lycaenesthes), 11, 17, 18, 32, 40, 42 a (Neolycaena), xxiii Luperina, lxii, Lxiii lurida (Forcipula), 186 luscinata (Cidaria), 262 lusones (Lycaenesthes), 68 », (Neurellipes), 66, 67, 68, 69 lustrator (Stenus), 388, 384 luteago, var. barrettii (Dianthoecia), lxxii luteela (Tisis), 4387 Lycaena, xlvi, xlviii, Ixviii, lxix, 14, 495 Lycaenesthes, iil, WA, a 20, 21, 30, 1, By 4 BW, B, WO, Ih Ns, NG, Mey ey Ws 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, BD, 3}, 4h, HS, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 Lycaenidae, xxiii, xxxviii lycaenina (Lycaenesthes), 4 Lycaenopsis, Ixxiii, 480, 490 lychnaptes (Lycaenesthes), 20, 61, 62 lychnides (Lycaenesthes), 19, 53 lychnoptera (Lycaenesthes), 62 lycoa (Acraea), xlii lycotas (Lycaenesthes), 51 Lygris, 255, 270 Lymantriadae, xxix Lyonetia, 374 ~I on lyrifera (Imma), 466 lysicles (Lycaenesthes), 3, 18, 46 lysigama (Tanychastis), 371 lysimon (Zizeeria), 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 491, 495, 496, 497 var. knysna (Zizeeria), 496 », (Zizera), 479 lyzanius (Lycaenesthes), 2, 64, 65 », (Neurypexina), 54, 64, 65, 66 maartensi (Allostethus), 163 Macaria, 292, 293, 294 macra (Periacma), 455 . macrochalea (Acrocercops), 373 Macrocneme, liv, lv Macrolyrcea, 319 Macronychus, lix maculata, var. variegata (Agriomyia), 410 maculicornis (Tachytes), 523 madagascariensis (Huralia), 509 maeander (Lycaenesthes), 69 3 (Neurellipes), 66, 69 maera (Pararge), xlvi ,, f. adrasta (Pararge), xlvi maha (Zizeeria), 480, 481, 482, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 490, 491, 492, 495, 496 mahallokoaena (Lycaena), 495 mahota (Lycaenesthes), 20, 59 major (Anisolabis), 176 », (Platylabia), 162 makala (Lycaenesthes), 20, 58 | malacodes (Nothris), 451 maldama (Apicia), 302, 803, 304, 305 maleformata (Sebastia), 275 malgacha (Metisolabis), 196 malvata (Larentia), 260 Mamestra, 152 manicata (Osmia), 155, 158, 159 manifesta (Agriomyia), 409 manni (Pieris), xlv ab. erganoides (Pieris), xlv », Var. rossii (Pieris), xlv, xlvi mansueta (Scolia), 402 Mantidae, li marginalis (Anisolabis), 176, 177 marginata (Nipteria), 290 Me (Zizera), 486 maritima (Anisolabis), 178 Marmarea, 312 Marragodes, 281 marshalli (Dielis), 402 (Lycaenesthes), 79 (Scolia), 402 \ a0 (Triclema), 72, 79 martena (Physocleora), 334 martharia (Acidalia), 227 93 9? ® 39 > ( @xeayll ) Mascora, 326 mathewi (Deuterocopus), 124 mathilda (Azelina), 314 iv (Pero), 314 mathina (Trichura), lv mauritanica (Anisolabis), 177 maurorufus (Quedius), 384 maxima (Anisolabis), 176, 178 Mecoceratinae, 209 mediata (Phibalapteryx), 262, 263 Medinophyllum, 346, 349, 355 medon (Aricia), xlvi medusa, var. hippomedusa (Erebia), XXVlll megalorma (Cryptophasa), 457 Meganthopus, liv meisteri (Rhynchopyga), lv melambrota (Lycaenesthes), 50 melambrotus (Lycaenesthes), 19, 50, 78 melanardis (Frisilia), 446 Melanargia, xlvii Melanchroia, 345 Melanippe, 247 melanocephalum (Pison), 419 Melanolophia, 388, 341, 342 Melanophila, xliii melanota (Deuterocopus), 112, 113 melas (Isanthrene), lv meleager (Polyommatus), xlvi Meliana, ]xxiii Melinoides, 207, 288, 289 meliorella (Tisis), 437 Melitaea, xxviii, xlvi, liii, liv, Ixiv, lxxill Melodryas, 472 menciana (Homona), 432 4 (Pandemis), 432 Mengeoidea, 515 Mennis, 232 Meridarchis, 430 meridionalis (Eubolia), 258 Mermis, Ixxii meropia (Hrosina), 308 Mesa, 394 mesargyrata (Leucochesias), 208, 326 meskearia (Stenaspilates), 312 mesoscia (Tephrinopsis), 298 Mesovelia, xliii messapus (Lycaena), 495 Metachanda, 369 Metachandidae, 369 metacrammata (Scotosia), 265 Metasiopsis, 219, 220, 221 Methoca, xxx Metisolabis, 191, 195, 196, 198, 200 metria (Idialcis), 284 Metrocampa, 288 Miantonota, 211 micacearia (Sphacelodes), 301 michaelseni (Gonolabis), 169, 170, 174 m var. dentata (Gonolabis), 174 Microdontopera, 320, 321, 324 Microgonia, 307, 310, 311 Micro-Lepidoptera, 366 Microxydia, 289 millari (Lycaenesthes), 17, 35 miltocosma (Polemograptis), 432 mima (Euralia), xiv, xv, xvi, 498, 499, 500, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508) 5095 510) S11 Sl2) 513 mimetica (Cupidesthes), 7, 13 mimetis (Cosinopteryx), 372 Mimophyle, 208, 288, 284, 286 miimnulus (Sphex), 419 minima (Anthobosca), 398 ,» (Lycaenesthes), 17, 36 minimus (Coenonympha), 480, 496 se (Cupido), xlvi ba (Zizera), 480 | minor (Astatus), 521 », (Pyragra), 166 minorata (Acidalia), 229 minuata (Aplodes), 211 ie (Thalera), 210 minuscula (Cerceris), 422 minuta (Anisolabis), 180 minutissimus (Asthenothynnus), 413 minutus (Coptotettix), 363 misippus (Diadema), 498 xs (Hypolimnas), xvi mixtus (Ceuthorrhynchideus), xxxv mnemosyne, var. friihstoferi (Parnas- sius), xix Mnesteria, 438 moesta (Kuborellia), 181 molaria (Odysia), 332 molleri (Parasapyga), 405 mollis (Calathus), xiii mollita (Byssodes), 287 monastica (Imma), 465 moncus (Lycaenesthes), 43 Monoctenia, 320 monomatapa (Tiphia), 396 Monopis, 473, 474 | monoplanetis (Atteva), 470 montana (Ctenisolabis), 197 monteironis (Lycaenesthes), 33 morawitzi (Osmia), 156, 157 moricei (Gastrosericus), 529 mormopa (Imma), 467 | Morpho, li mortuaria (Plemyria), 261 multiguttata (Cerceris), 421 multiplagiata (Auophylla), 211 ( @xxpiil )) munda (Gelasma), 210 mundaria (Bronchelia), 343 mundata (Microgonia), 307, 311 Ly ab. crassior (Microgonia), 311 3 (Oxydia), 311 musagetes (Lycaenesthes), 3, 16, 21, 23 muscilineata (Ptychopoda), 218 muscosaria (Rhopalodes), 240 muscosata (Perizoma), 268, 269 musculosa (Oria), lxiii se (Synia), lxiti musicodes (Linoclostis), 458 mutabilis (Cidaria), 250 5 (Ypsipetes), 251 Myriapoda, 191 Myrmedonia, 382, 385 Myrmica, 146 myrtillata (Catascia), 330 Myzine, 391, 392, 393 Myzininae, 391 Nacaduba, 1 Nannisolabis, 190, 191, 194, 195, 200 napi (Ganoris), 152 5» var, napaeae (Pieris), xlvi Narragodes, 207, 208, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284 natalensis (Lycaenesthes), 30 3 (Tiphia), 396 nazadaria (Apicia), 8302, 308, 304 ae ab. inapicata (Gynopteryx), 303 neanthes (Charaxes), xv, 506 neavel (Xerophyllum), 351, 352, 353 neglecta (Lycaenesthes), 31 Nematocampa, 287, 288 Neochesias, 236, 237, 238 Neolycaena, xxiii, 88 neoniger (Lasius), 1xxii Neopithecops, 495 Neotaxia, 286 nepalensis (Paralabidura), 185 nephalia (Boarmia), 338 a (Hymenomima), 334, 338 Nephodia, 290 Nephodiinae, 280, 290 Nephogenes, 455 Neurellipes, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 82 Neurypexina, 49, 54, 64, 65, 66 niavius (Amauris), 499 sub-sp. dominicanus (Amauris), xiv, 499, 506, 510 nicholsoni (Olophrum), xxxi nictitans (Hydroecia), xxiii, xxiv niger (Lasius), Ixvii, lxvili, xxii, 144, 146, 147 », var. americanus (Lasius), lxvili nigeriae (Lycaenesthes), 78 », (Triclema), 72, 78 Le) nigra (Brachylabis), 199, 201 », (Ctenisolabis), 197, 198 », (Heterothops), 384 », (Metisolabis), 200 », (Polybia), liv », (Psalis), 182, 183 nigrescens (Physocleora), 337 nigricans (Nitela), 428 nigricosta (Thysanopyga), 301 nigriplena (Bronchelia), 343 nigrirostris (Hypera), 385 nigrita (Myzine), 391 nigrocaudata (liycaenesthes), 26 nigrociliata (Hammaptera), 247 nigrolineata (Hammaptera), 246 nigropunctata (Lycaenesthes), 17, 36 nigro-punctatum (Acmophyllum), 355 nimbata (Microgonia), 310 a (Oxydia), 310 niobe (Argynnis), xlvi Nipteria, 290, 291 nisa (Lipomelia), 222 Nitela, 428, 429 nitida (Brachystichia), 303 », (Gynopteryx), 303 nitidus (Tachysphex), 524 nivalis (Allotinus), xxxviil, xxxix, x], xli niveata (Perizoma), 269 niveigutta (Hammaptera), 245 niveipennaria (Aspilates), 208, 326 noctiluca (Lampyris), xXxxvi Noctua, lxiv noctuata (Mimophyle), 283, 284 nodosa (Lecithocera), 447 Nomiades, lx Nonagria, xlvii Nordmannia, xlvi norma (Azelina), 316 Gero) ols mo lonmeslu) nossima (Amauris), 499 notata (Macaria), 293 notaturia (Honorana), 319 Nothris, 451 novae zeelandiae (Parisolabis), 188 noverca (Pseudosphex), liv nubigena (Imma), 466 Numia, 289 nupta (Catocala), li Nyctemera, xxix Nymphalidae, xxix obfuscaria (Catascia), 330 Obila, 264 obliquaria (Anteois), 220 6 (Apiciopsis), 306 obliquata (Iridopsis), 340 oblita (Gonolabis), 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174 obruptata (Coremia), 261 obseura (Ephyra), 215 ,, (Physocleora), 356 », (Triclema), 72, 82 obscurus (Pterophorus), 115 obsoletaria (Cidaria), 260 obstipata (Orthonama), 261, 262 A (Phalaena), 261 obtusaria (Hammaptera), 248 occidentale (Echinosoma), 164 occidentalis (Anisolabis), 177 occultaria (Pterocypha), 264 ocellaris (Xanthia), vii ocellata (Cyclomia), 300 ocellatus (Smerinthus), xxxvil ochlea (Amauris), xiv, 499, 501 ochribasis (Entephria), 248 . (Hammaptera), 248 ochrifascia (Thamnonoma), 299 ochritincta (Perizoma), 268 ochroleucata (Acidalia), 229 Ochyria, 256, 257, 259, 269 octonias (Lecithocera), 447 oculata (Lobophora), 241 », (Pachrophylla), 208, 241 oculatus (Lycaenesthes), 78 », (Iriclema), 72, 78 odatis (Cambogia), 280 Odites, 458 Odontomachus, lix Odontopera, xxxi odontota (Baynia), 242, 245 Odontothera, 208, 327 Odontothynnus, 399 Odysia, 382 Oecophoridae, 378, 455 Oecophylla, 15 Oenochrominae, 209 oenopodiata (Acidalia), 214 me (Semaeopus), 214 Oenothalia, 301 Oinophila, 375, 376, 377 olivacea (Pero), 315 olivata (Apicia), 305 Olophrum, xxxi olympusa (Lycaenesthes), 38 omphavina (Larentia), 273 Omphax, 212 Onebala, 449, 450 onopordi (Hesperia), xlvi Oodes, 381 opalina (Zizera), 486 operaria (Catascia), 330 Opisthograptis, 292 opistholeuca (Neochesias), 238 -Oporinia, 269 opposita (Cerceris), 420 oppositaria (Boarmia), 343 PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., v. L910. ( Cxxix ) opticus (Stenus), 383, 384 orbata (Brachmia), 450 orbiculosa (Oxytripia), Ixvi orbifera (Antygophanes), 324 », (Salpis), 820, 324 orbitulus (Latiorina), xlviii, lxix ws (Lycaena), xlviii, lxix oreas (Gnophos), 208, 331 Orgyia, lxix, 152 Oria, Ixiii Orneodidae, 111 orsitaria (Microxydia), 289 oy (Stegania), 289 Orthonama, 261, 262, 263, 264 Orthoptera, xvii, 346 Orthostixinae, 209 osiris (Atyria), 230, 231 », (Cyllopoda), 230 Osmia, xvii, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 Osphretica, 475 ossa (Zizeeria), 480, 481, 482, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 495, 496, 497 ossium (Stenus), 382 ossularia (Leptomeris), 220 otacilia (Lycaenesthes), 17, 36, 37, 38, 40 ,, var. kikuyu (Lycaenesthes), 37 otis (Zizeeria), 481, 484, 489, 490, 491 otophora (Rhopalodes), 208, 240, 241 Ourapteryginae, 280 Oxydia, 310, 311 Oxypoda, 384 Oxyptilus, 110, 111 Oxytelus, 385 Oxytripia, lxvi Pachrophylla, 208, 241 Pachycopsis, 211 pacifica (Anisolabis), 175, 176, 179 pales (Brenthis), xxviii », var. arsilache (Brenthis), xxviii Palex, 162 Palicinae, 161, 162 pallescens (Iridopsis), 340 pallidata (Xenoecista), 299 palmirensis (Azelina), 314 ne (Pero), 314 pa ee var. brevipennis (Pterostoma), 5 paludis (Hydroecia), xxiv Palyadinae, 207 Pamphila, lxix pamphilus (Coenonympha), xlvi panagaea (Actizera), 4838, 494, 496, 497 Pandemis, 432 pandora (Dryas), liv pannaria (Scelolophia), 226 panteata (Bryoptera), 326 495, (Givexsex) panteata (Leucolithodes), 326 | perfuscimargo (Hymenomima), 339 Pantelia, 346, 348 Pergama, 312, 315, 318 Panthera, 291 Periacma, 455 pantherata (Leucolithodes), 326 perichlora (Homaloxestis), 446 Pantherodes, 291 pericles (Lycaenesthes), 44 panzeri (Tachysphex), 527 periploca (Imma), 466 ,, var. oraniensi (Tachysphex), | perirrorata (Ptychopoda), 219 527 Perizoma, 208, 254, 267, 268, 269, 270 Papilio, xv, Xvi, xxix, lii, 508, 510 perkinsi (Anisolabis), 176, 178 paracyrta (Odites), 458 vi (Asthenothynnus), 414 paradoxata (Byssodes), 286, 287 (Cerceris), 420, 423 ss (Eulepidotus), 286 Pero, 311, 312, 318, 314, 315, 316, 317, A (Phrygionis), 286 318 incolorata(Phrygionis),207, | perornata (Phacelophora), 242 287 persimilata (Acidalia), 215 Paraethria, lv perspicuata (Cidaria), 245 paraguayensis (Propyragra), 166, 167 | persuasoria (Rhyssa), xxxi (Pyragra), 166 Perusia, 289 Paralabidura, 183, 184, 185, 187 peruviana (Euborellia), 180 parallelaria (Tephrinopsis), 297 peruviensis (Amaurinia), 279 Paramorpha, 431 petraria (Lithina), 292 paranensis (Plemyria), 262 Phacelophora, 242 paraptera (Schoenotenes), 433 Phaegorista, xxix Pararge, xlvi phaeochalea (Hieroxestis), 375 Parasapyg a, 405 phaeoleuca (Athrypsiastis), 458 Parasemia, 293 Phalaena, 261, 271, 345 Paratettix, 360, 361 ne Geometra, 3438, 345 Paratyria, 230 pharetrata (Mnesteria), 438 pardalaria (Panthera), 291 Phasis, 3 in ab. obliterata (Panthera), | phasmatopa (Stenoma), 460 291 Phibalaptertyx, 259 (Pantherodes), 291 Phibalapteryx, 259, 261, 262, 263, 286 Parelliptis, 445 philea (Catopsilia), li Parhestina, ]xxili Philereme, 259, 260, 265 parinotata (Hammaptera), 246 | philetas (Nannisolabis), 194, 200 Parisolabinae, 161, 162, 188 philippi (Tachysphex), 524 Parisolabis, 188 phlaeas var. eleus (Rumicia), xlvi phoebe (Melitaea), xlvi phoenicis (Lycaenesthes), 75 a (Triclema), 71, 75, 79 phorcaria (Scelolophia), 225 phrictodes (Tinissa), 477 Phrygionis, 207, 286, 287 Parnassius, xxviii, xix parthenie (Melitaea), xlvi, )xxili - ab. rhoio (Melitaea), Ixxili parvulum (Echinosoma), 164 parvulus (Coptotettix), 365 pauperula (Lycaenesthes), 84 pavana (Kueides), Ixviii Phymatocera, xXxv, XXXvi pax (Lithostege), 208, 235, 236, 237 | physalodes (Rhopobota), 368 pectinicornis (Bruchus), ]xxii Physocleora, 334, 336, 337, 338 pectinipes (Tachysphex), 524, 526 Piagetia, 407, 426 pectoralis (Anisolabis), 176 piagetioides (Tachysphex), 524 pedestris (Formicomus), xx picata (Euphyia), 249 a (Tiphia), 396 picea (Gonolabis), 169, 171, 174 Pelopaeus, 390 picina (Psalis), 183 peltigerata (Macaria), 293 picipes (Stenus), 382 Pelurga, 255 pictus (Dinetus), 530, 531 pentacarpa (Oinophila), 376 », _(Paratettix), 361 peracutata (Cidaria), 261 Pieridae, xlv percheron (Psalis), 181 Pieris, xlv, xlvi Percnoptilota, 261 Piezotettix, 346, 347 peregrina (Anisolabis), 176 Pigia, 220 (Giexexacis) pigrata (Coremia), 261 piligera (Anisolabis), 163, 176 piligerum (Allostethus), 163 pilosellus (Ceuthorrhynchus), xxxv oa (Sphodrotes), 427 pilosulus (Aelurus), 407 piperata (Ptychopoda), 216 Pison, 419, 427 pityocampa (Cnethocampa), XXvil Placoptila, 453, 454 plagioscia (Planema), XX1X plana (Neotaxia), 286° Planema, xxix, 498, 499 planeta (Deuterocopus), 112, 131, 132, 133, 134, 138 platensis (Hamalia), 224 platinata (Ratiaria), 287 5 (Urapteryx), 287 platycorys (Xerophyllum), 351 Platylabia, 162 Platylabiinae, 162 Platyptilia, 110, 367 Plebeius, xlvi, 494 plebeja (Psalis), 182 plebejata (Apicia), 301 a (Drepanodes), 301 Plemyria, 261, 262 plemyraria (Acidalia), 220 vr (Ptychopoda), 219, 220 plemyrata (Cidaria), 261 56 (Orthonama), 261 Plesia, 392, 393, 394 Pleuroprucha, 215 plinthiota (Stathmopoda), 454 plurilineata (Aspilates), 291 s (Cataspilates), 291 Plusia, 151 Plutellidae, 470 pluto (Anisolabis), 176 pluvialis (Labidura), 185 poeyi (Rhopalosoma), 388 poggei (Xanthospilopteryx), xxix Polemograptis, 4382 Polochrum, 405 polonus (Agriades), vill, 1x, Xxxvi Polybia, liv polydora (Epione), 308 a (Sabulodes), 308 Polygonia, xliv Polygraphodes, 226 Polyommatus, xii, Ixvili, lxix Polyphasia, 271 Polysemia, 209, 210 Pompilidae, liv pompiliformis (Clavelia), xxxv Pontia, xlvii pontina (Hammaptera), 247 | pontina (Melanippe), 247 populi (Smerinthus), xx xvii praeclara (Ethmia), 460, 461 praedura (Cerceris), 422 | praematura (Hieroxestis), 375 Prenolepis, 1xxii | pretiosa (Tortyra), 464 primaeva (Scardia), 478 princeps (Campsomeris), 403 | (Lycaenesthes), 17, 31, 32, 39, 40 prionogramma (Hypolepis), 271, 272 privignaria (Byssodes), 286, 287 probolactis (Lyonetia), 374 Procalyptis, 431 processionea (Thaumatopoea), xiv prodigella (Tortyra), 464 profugaria (Larentia), 273 progressata (Scotosia), 265 Promachus, xxvii Propyragra, 165, 166, 167 prosecusa (Everes), 494, 495 Prosena, 1xxi Prosopigastra, 528, 529 Prosopolophinae, 280 protona (Anaphantis), 472 Prototettix, 361, 362 prouti (Coenocalpe), 264 »» (Orthonama), 264 | providus (Stenus), 383, 384 Psalinae, 162, 167, 183 Psaliodes, 271, 272 Psalis, 163, 167, 168, 1175, 181, 182, 183 Pseudacraea, xxix, 498, 499 Pseudagenia, lv pseudaluma (Cataspilates), 291 Pseudasellodes, 213 Pseudisolabis, 188 Pseudobrephos, 328, 329 Pseudodypsas, 14, 43, 44 Pseudosalpis, 319, 320, 321 Pseudosphex, liv Psodopsis, 208, 282, 284 psychidia (Narragodes), 281, 282 psyttalea (Amauris), 499 Pterocypha, 264, 265 Pterophoridae, 107, 111, 367 Pterophorus, 110, 115 Pterostichus, lviii | 9? xlv, xlvi, xlviii, | Pterostoma, lx Pterygopterus, lv Ptilosticha, 440, 441 Ptinella, xxx Ptochoryctis, 458 Ptychopoda, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 224 ptychopoda (Hamalia), 219, 220, 223 12 (Geox) pudibunda (Orthonama), 264 quinquefasciata (Scolia), 402 pudicaria (Bronchelia), 342, 343 quisquiliaria (Stenalcidia), 336 puechi (Lasiops), 320 Racheospila, 212 ;, (Microdontopera), 32 radialis (Astatus), 520, 521 », (Salpis), 208, 320 radiata (Iuycaenesthes), 19, 55 puella (Perizoma), 268 radula (Dielis), 403 puellaria (Brouchelia), 342, 343 », (Scolia), 403 A ab. confertistriga (Bronche- ,, (Tiphia), 403 lia), 3438 ralaria (Cidaria), 248 pugnator (‘Tachysphex), 425 ,, (Hammaptera), 248 pugnax (Forcipula), 186 ramparia (Macaria), 294 5, var. minor (Forcipula), 186 a (Semiothisa), 294 pulcher (Lycaenesthes), 4, 48 . rapae (Ganoris), 152 pullata (Ethmia), 461 55, (reins), sdky, sdhyl pullatana (Tortrix), 432 », var. metra (Pieris), xlv. pulvillus (Euparatettix), 360 Ratiaria, 287 punctata (Brachylabis), 198 rectilineata (Tephrinopsis), 294, 295, ae (Leptisolabis), 199, 200 296 punctatissima (Prosopigastra), 529 ‘rectura (Iridopsis), 340 punctatus (Lissotes), liti recusataria (Acidalia), 227 punctilla (Physocleora), 337 regilla (Lycaenesthes), 65 * (Stenalcidia), 338 regillus (Lycaenesthes), 64, 65 punctum (Elis), 401 regularis (Laccobius), lix a (Trielis), 401 regulata (Macaria), 293 punctuosus (Sphodrotes), 428 repandaria (Hammaptera), 243 pustulatum (Bembidium), xxi ” (Rhopalista), 248 dian 152, 158 repetita (Macaria), 292 ygidialis (Tachysphex), 527, 528 resistaria (Nematocampa), 287 Desens 165 responsaria (Tephrina), 332 pygmaeata (Anteois), 217 revestita (Strangalia), xxix pygmaeus (Asthenothynnus), 414 Rhagigaster, 407 Pyragra, 165, 166, 167 rhamnata (Philereme), 265 Pyragropsis, 165, 167 Rhizobius, 385 Pyragrinae, 161, 163, 165, 185 Rhodostrophia, 221 Pyralidae, 205 rhombaria (Gynopteryx), 302, 304 Pyraustidae, 366 rhomboidaria (Boarmia), xxxi Pyrinia, 216 Rhopalista, 243 pyrochorda (Gonaepa), 442 Rhopalodes, 208, 240, 241, 242 pyroptera (Lycaenesthes), 20, 61 Rhopalosoma, 386, 388, 389 pythagoras (Lycaenesthes), 20, 64 Rhopalosomidae, xli, 389 pythonias (Rhopobota), 434 Rhopalotettix, 356 quadricostaria (Boarmia), 343 Rhopobota, 368, 434 i (Thyrinteina), 343 rhothia (Spilonota), 368 quadrifasciata (Strangalia), liti Rhynchopyga, lv quadrilineata (Hyperetis), 288 Rhynchotettix, 357 (Urepione), 288 Rhysopaussidae, lx quadrituber culatus (Macronychus), lix | Rhyssa, xxxi quadrispinosa (Forcipula), 187 rigida (Tinissa), 477 quadruplicaria (Heterusia), 233 riparia (Labidura), 175, 185 Be (Scordylia), 233 ritsemae (Deuterocopus), 112, 132, 134, PY var. latior (Seordylia), 136, 137 233 robusta (Carcinophora), 183 i var. latissima (Scor- », (Cupidesthes), 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, dylia), 234 12 Quedius, 384 ,, (Cymatophora), 341 quelchi (Forcipula), 187 ,, (Melanolophia), 341 querula (Lecithocera), 449 rosenbergi (Calocalpe), 365 quinquefasciata (Dielis), 402 5 (Beals), 1S ( voseoliva (Scelolophia), 225 rosula (Rhopalodes), 241 rotalis (Stagmatophora), 453 rotundiceps (Agriomyia), 409, 410 rubens (Salpis), 208, 320, 321, 322 rubi (Callophrys), XEXUI MERON EXONCLIT OD, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 var. fervida (Callophrys), 86, 87, On) 92 var. suaveola (Callophrys), 91, 92 ;, (Thecla), 91 rubricatus (Sphodrotes), 426 vubricineta (liycaenesthes), 21 rubricinctus (Lycaenesthes), 16, 21 rubrimaculata (Lycaenesthes), 29, 84 rubripuncta (Cnemodes), 214 (Semaeopus), 214 rubrodactylus (Deuterocopus), 112,126, 127, 131, 132, 134, 135 (Deuteroscopus), 134, 135, 136, 137 vubromaculatus (Aeolothynnus), 413 (Asthenothynnus), 413 ‘3 (Thynnus), 413 rufa (Formica), xiii, xliv, 143, 144, 146, 147, 150 tufibarbis, var. fusco-rufibarbis (For- mica), xiii, xliv, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150 ruficoesia (Anapalta), 249 », (Euphyia), 249 vuficorne (Pison), 427 ruficorpus (Anapalta), 249 a3 (Euphyia), 249 rufifimbriata (Microxydia), 289 rufifrons (Myzine), 392 rufinodis (Myzine), 392 rufipes (Astatus), 520 », (Coptotettix), 365 rufoluteus (Thynnus), 417 ns (Zaspilothynnus), 417 porate iets (Lycaenesthes), 19, 54, 9? 99 2? Be ota (Triclema), 71, 72 Rumia, 289 Rumicia, xlvi ruspator (Helcon), liii ruspina (Euphaedra), xxix russus (Formasimus), xxxvi rusticata (Ptychopoda), 218 - (Sabulodes), 309 rusticus (Criocephalus), Ixvi rutilellum (Coryptilum), 475 rutilus (Chrysophanus), 98 rytinatettix, 362 @XXXlll_ ) Sabulodes, 307, 308, 309, 320 sabulosa (Mimophyle), 283, 284 saeva (Cerceris), 422 salaconia (Brenthia), Salamis, 511 Salius, liv, lv Salpis, 208, 319, 324 sambucaria (Urapteryx), 152 a5 (Uropteryx), lxiv Sangalopsis, 207 sangra (Zizera), 481, 484, 486, 488,489 468 320, 321, 322, 323, | 5, (Zizina), 488, 489, 490, 491, | 492, 495 sanguinea (Formica), Ixvii, Ixxii, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150 A (Lycaenesthes), 18, 41 sanguinipunctata (Lissochlora), 211 Sapheneutis, 377 Sapyga, 405 Sapygidae, 405 Sarisophora, 445 Sarracena, 273 saturata (Nipteria), 291 satyrodes (Scardia), 477 Satyrus, lxix saussurel (Mesa), 394 (Plesia), 394 Nn (ayaa ora) ol G.6 scabrosa (Tiphia), 396 Scardia, 477 sceletopa (Crocanthes), 445 Scelolophia, 220, 225, 226 | Schoenotenes, 433 scintillula (Lycaenesthes), 3, 20, 60, 62 scioxantha (Crocanthes), 443 scodionoeata (Salpis), 320 Seolia, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405 Seoliidae, xli, 390, 391 Scoliinae, 400 scolopaiea (Bronchelia), | Scoparia, 366 | Scordylia, 207, 233, 234 | Scotopterix, 331 | Scotopteryginae, 280 | Scotosia, XXV, XXVi, XXVil, | 259, 264, 265, 267 | scotti (Br achylabis), 193 scudderi (Psalis), 182 | scutellaris (Cremastogaster), x A (Laccobius), lix | Sebastia, 275 secura (Cacoecia), 432 _sekalavum (Echinosoma), 164 selene (Brenthis), xiii | Selidoseminae, 280 Semaeopus, 214, 220 $9 345 250, 258, (( exzxiv? ) semiargus (Nomiades), lx semicana (Kctropis), 342 semidivisa (Atyria), 230, 231 i (Cyllopoda), 230 semilugens (Eupithecia), 276 ie (Tephroclystia), 276 Semiothisa, 288, 293, 294 Semiothisinae, 280 semiustus (Erythrolophus), 221 senescens (Tonica), 456 septemcincta (Scolia), 404 serena (Dyscia), 300 seriaria (Gynopteryx), 302, 304, 305 Sericophorus, 428 serraticeps (Ctenocephalus), Ixvi serratilinea (Hypolepis), 271, 272 ne (Psaliodes), 271 serratulae (Hesperia), xlvi serratum (Calopteron), lv serrulata (Huephyra), 215 servillei (Xerophyllum), 347, 350 Sesia, XXxvl setaria (Lozogramma), 292 setiger (Allostethus), 163 seudora (Salpis), 3822 sibylla (Eupithecia), 279 Sibyllina, 386, 388, 389 siecata (Oinophila), 875 sichela (Lycaenesthes), 33 sidonia (Crocanthes), 442 sigillaria (Racheospila), 212 sigillata (Dichromatopodia), 216 signata (Conops), 1xxi », (Scolia), 402 signataria (Camptogramma), 261 ny (Tephrina), 332 silvanus (Lycaenesthes), 15, 18, 45 ,, (Pseudodypsas), 45 Simaethis, 467 simile (Xerophyllum), 351 similis (Phaegorista), xxix simlaensis (Tiphia), 396, 397 simpliciata (Pterocypha), 265 simplicipes (Dinetus), 530 simulana (Godana), 432 sinensis (Neolycaena), xxiii Siosta, 207 siriaca (Bassarodes), 459 sitellata (Gypsochroa), 259 sjoestedti (Arlex), 189 sjostedti (Brachylabis), 191 smaragdina (Oecophylla), 15 Smerinthus, xxxvii smithi (Lycaenesthes), 17, 31 smithiana (Spilonota), 368 Snellenia, 440 Sobareutis, 469, 470 Sochchora, 141 | socotranus (Deuterocopus), Die: Wil) sochchoroides (Leptodeuterocopus), 138,” 140, 141 | sociata (Epirrhoé), 249 | socotrana (Dielis), 402 ‘ (Scolia), 402 ~ 124, 127, 128, 129 soleata (Dielis), 402 ‘Solenopsis, 146 somnulentella (Bedellia), 374 | sordescens (Perizoma), 208, 269 sparattoides (Palex), 162 | Spargania, 272 _Spartopteryx, 327 spectabilis (Anisolabis), 176 | spernata (Acidalia), 217 ae (Ptychopoda), 217 _Sphacelodes, 301 Sphaeridium, lix | Sphecosoma, ‘lv Sphegidae, xvii, lxiv, 390, 418 Sphegophaga, 390 | Sphenarches, 110 | Sphex, 419, 420, 518, 519 | Sphingidae, xxvii Sphodrotes, 407, 426, 427, 428 Spilomena, 407, 418, 419 Spilonota, 368, 434. spilosata (Hydata), 213 Spilosoma, 152 spini (Klugia), xlvi spintheritis (Brenthia), 469 splendida (Orgyia), Ixix Spododes, 308 squalida (Zizera), 486, 487 { squamigera (Boarmia), 209 nS (Deileptenia), 209 Stagmatophora, 372, 453 Stamnodes, 238, 239 Staphylinidae, 384 Stathmopoda, 454 statilinus (Satyrus), lxix staudingeri (Lycaenesthes), 69 i (Neurellipes), 67, 69, 82 Stauropus, 152 stefania (Apicia), 306 », (Apiciopsis), 306 Stegania, 289 | stellata (Actizera), 483, 494, 495, 496,. 497 ,, (Camptogramma), 258 », (Gypsochroa), 259 », (Scotosia), 258 | stellidaria (Almodes), 209 toy (Polysemia), 209 Stenalcidia, 331, 332, 335, 334, 335, 336, 338, 341 Stenaspilates, 312 ( omy) Stenodonta, 312, 3518 sumatranum (Kchinosoma), 164 Stenoma, 460 superjecta (Orthonama), 263 Stenomidae, 459 suquala (Lycaenesthes), 17, 38 Stenopla, 275, 276 Syagrius, Ixxi Stenorrhoé, 274 sybarita (Monopis), 474 Stenus, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384 &, (Prosena), Ixxi stephanitis (Atteria), ‘433 Sybarites, 273 stereodes (Themeliotis), 476 Sybillina, 389 Sterrhinae, 213 syllidus (Lycaenesthes), 43 stigma (Scolia), 401 sylvanus (Lycaenesthes), 30 — » (Trielis), 401 sylvatica (Cicindela), xxx stigmatica (Gelasma), 211 | Synchlora, 210, 211 Stilicus, 384 Synemia, 312 stollaria (Anisodes), 214 Synia, ]xiii straminea (Pelurga), 255 Synneuria, 208, 239 Strangalia, xxix, lili Syntomidae, liv, lv strepsizona (Imma), 467 syntricha (Oinophila), 377 striana (Tortyra), 464 syrniaria (Iridopsis), 340 strigata (Thysanopyga), 300 Syrtodes, 327, 328 strigosa (Brachmia), 450 Tachynomyia, 407, 408 Striphnopterygidae, xix strumosa (Lomechusa), 144 Stylopidae, lui, 514 subarmata (Anisolabis), 176 subcarnearia (Anisodes), 214 Tachypori, 384 Tachysphex, 425, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528 Tachytes, 521, 522, 523 tamiodes (Sarisophora), 445 As ab. grisea (Anisodes), 214 | Tanagra, 345 subcertaria (Larentia), 265 Tanychastis, 371 subcervinella (Hieroxestis), 375 Tapinostola, xxi, |xxii subclararia (Choerodes), 308 Taragmarcha, 370 subclathrata ‘Macaria), 294 tarsalis (Stenus), 379, 382, 384 (Semiothisa), 294 tarsata (Forcipula), 186 subcoeruleus (Zizera), 495 tartarea (Amauris), 499 subdepressus (Cryptophagus), xliv tasmanica (Euborellia), 181 subnitens (Lycaenesthes), 81, 82 Technomyrmex, |xxii subopaca (Campsomeris), 404 techowi (Scolia), 400, 401 », (Dielis), 404 » (Trielis), 400, 401 », (Scolia), 404 tectigera (Argyroploce), 436 subopalaria (Clysia), 307 tegularia (Cambogia), 280 subpallida (Anisodes), 214 teilinii (Anisolabis), 177 ‘ ab. figurata (Anisodes), 214 | telysaria (Gynopteryx), 302, 304 subpisciata (Graphidipus), 239 temeraria (Crocanthes), 443 e (Graphipidus), 239 tenax (Eristalis), 153 subpulverata (Hammaptera), 245 tenera (Hammaptera), 246, 269 subquadrata (Acidalia), 226 », (Pseudisolabis), 188 subseripta (Tephrinopsis), 208, 297, 298 | tengstroemi (Deuterocopus), 110, 112; subsordida (Hymenomima), 339 115, 117) 118; 120, 124, substrigata (Ptychopoda), 221 126, 127, 1385 subulata (Tetrix), 359 an (Deuteroscopus), 118 subumbrata (Tephrinopsis), 207, 296, a, (Neolycaena), xxiii 297, 298 tenuicornis (Paralabidura), 184, 185 subusta (Lipomelia), 222 tenuimargo (Racheospila), 212 subvinosa (Hammaptera), 247 tenuis (Cyllopoda), 229 suffocata (Xanthorhoé), 257 Tephrina, 332 suffusella (Cryptolechia), 458 Tephrinopsis, 207, 208, 294, 295, 296,. - (Epimactis), 458 297, 298 sulphurata (Corycia), 289 Tephroclystia, 276 sumatrana (Gonolabis), 169, 170, 172, | Tephroclystiinae, 231 17a, 74 Tephrosia, 254, 332, 333, 342 (Gye xaxexay,1) tepidata (Glaucopteryx), 254, 268 », (Larentia), 254 ternata (Pachrophylla), 241 tersata (Horisme), 262 testacea (Luperina), xii, Lxill ,, ab, nigrescens (Luperina), ]xii testaceum (Sphecosoma), lv Tetracis, 306 tetrica (Scotosia), 250 Tetriginae, xvii, 346 Tetrix, 359 thalassitis (Spilonota), 434 Thalassodes, 279 Thalera, 210 thalia (Actinote), xviii Thamnonoma, 292, 299, 300 ‘Thaumatopoea, xiv Thecla, 88, 91 Themeliotis, 476 theodota (Harma), xxix theoriae (Leptisolabis), 198, 201 Thermastris, 166 Thestor, xxxvil, 88 Thestoridi, 88, 105 thetis (Agriades), Vi, vii, Vill, 1X, X, Xi, XXXvi, xlvili, xlix, ]xviii, xix ;, ab. coelestis (Agriades), ix ,, ab. marginata (Agriades), ix 5, var. punctifera (Agriades), ix »» ab. unicolor (Agriades), ix (Lycaena), 487 (Polyommatus), xlvi thetopa (Nephogenes), 455 thiantha (Monopis), 473 Thomosis, lix thoracica (Platylabia), 162 3 (Psalis), 167, 183 Thoradonta, 858, 359 thoraea (Ethmia), 461 thrasydora (Crocanthes), 444 Thriambeutis, 470 thryptica (Hylograptis), 451 Thynnidae, 390, 407, 410, 416 Thynnus, 407, 411, 413, 417 Thyrinteina, 343 thyrsis (Cupidesthes), 6, 10, 11 », (Lycaenesthes), 10 Thysanopyga, 300, 301 tibiale (Bembidium), lix Tinea, 474, 475 Tineidae, 374, 473 Tineina, 430 Tingentera, 437 Tinissa, 476, 477 Tipha, 487 Tiphia, 392, 394, 395, 396, 397, 403 Tiphiinae, 394 | Tirallis, 437 tisamenus (Lycaenesthes), 74 (Triclema), 71, 74 Tisis, 437, 488, 439, 440 Titanolabis, 167, 168, 176 togoensis (Ctenisolabis), 190, 197 Tomopteryx, 241 Tomopygia, 184, 187 Tonica, 456 toraula (Cosmopteryx), 452 tortilinea (Psodopsis), 282 Tortricidae, 431 Tortricina, 430 Tortrix, 432 Tortyra, 462, 463, 464 Trachytettix, 346, 348, 354 transitaria (Bronchelia), 343 transversata (Philereme), 265 transvisata (Macaria), 293 Tretothoracidae, lix Tretothorax, lix triangularis (Anteois), 220, 221 a (Metasiopsis), 221 on (Ptychopoda), 221 trias (Acidalia), 227 Tricentra, 220 Trichoptery ginae, 231 Trichoptilus, 367 Trichura, lv Triclema, 2, 3, 66, 70, 71, 72, 73; 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83 ues (Acronycta), ]xi tridentata (Pachycopsis), 211 | Trielis, 400, 401 | trifolii-minor (Anthrocera), lvii, lviil | trigonodes (Ancylometis), 371 | trilobata (Hexadactilia), 108 | tripartita (Thamnonoma), 299 Triphosa, 260, 266, 267 Triptila, 242 trisecta (Callipseustes), 327 triseriata (Paraethria), lv trispinosa (Forcipula), 186 tristani (Pyragropsis), 167 trixysta (Oinophila), 376 Trogophloei, 384 truncata (Dysstroma), 271 | (Labidura), 185 | », trufibrunnea (Polyphasia), 271 | truncatipennis (Eupithecia), 276 rs (Tephroclystia), 276, ail truncatus (Colobopsis), xx Truxalis, xxxviil Trypophyllum, 346, 348 turbata (Cambogia), 226 ,. (Lyecaenesthes), 65 », (Scelolophia), 226 turbatus (Lycaenesthes), 2, 65 33 ( @xxxvii_ ) turbatus (Neurypexina), 65 turneri (Zeugophora), Ixvii tzaddi (Lithostege), 236 uganda (Lycaenesthes), 17, 32 ukerewensis (Ly caenesthes), 23, 30, 83 umbratus (Lasius), Ix, Ixvii, 144 umbrinata (Pterocypha), 264 (Scotosia), 264 9? ab. velutina (Scotosia), 264 umbripennis (Aeolothynnus), 417 undilinea (Anisoperas), 306, 307 undularia (Tephrosia), 254 undulata (Scotosia), xxv, XXVi, Xxvli undulatum (Acmophyllum), 349, 355 unicolor (Eudule), 233 * (Euphanessa), 231 r. f. lyelli (Rhagigaster), 407 os f. mutatus (Rhagigaster), 407 unicornata (Acidalia), 228, 229 (Craspedia), 228 uniformata (Carsia), 239 ae (Synneuria), wniformis (Pergama), 318 aA (Pero), 318 Upenora, 290 uranitis (Imma), 465 Urapteryx, 152, 287 Urepione, 288 Uropteryx, lxiv urticae (Aglais), xxvii usambarana (Leptisolabis), 198, 201 ustifumosa (Bryoptera), 352 as (Cymatophora), 35 * (Stenalcidia), 332, 341 uxilaria (Apicia), 302, 304 valloma (Urepione), 288 Vanessa, 151 varia (Luciola), 532 », (Melitaea), Ixxiii varians (Pachrophylla), 241 variaria (Pero), 313, 314 variegata (Mascora), 326 5 (Rhopalodes), 240 208, 239 ft ab. derufata (Rhopalodes), 240 varipes (Cerceris), 421 venusta (Cerceris), 421 Verhoeftia, 191 verhoeffi (Gonolabis), 169, 171, 175 versatilis (Lycaenesthes), 19, 49, 50 Vespidae, 389 vesta (Anisoperas), 307 vestita (Oenothalia), 301 vestitaria (Nematocampa), 287 vexans (Quedius), 384 Vicarius (Hippodes), 347 vicina (Chrismopteryx), 253 victrix (Cerceris), 420, 422 vinosa (Cyclomia), 300 », (Fidonia), 300 vinula (Cerura), 151 violacea (Campsomeris), 400 », (Diliacos), 400 », (Scolia), 400 violaceus (Carabus), xliii 5 var. exasperatus (Carabus),. xliii virescens (Phacelophora), 242 » a (Stenopla), 276 viretata (Acacis), 243 virgaureae (Heodes), xlvi virgellata (Synneuria), 239 vittata (Oxypoda), 384 vittulata (Orthonama), 263, 264 Me wey Phibalapter yx), 263 voeltzkowi (Brachylabis), 196 ie (Metisolabis), 196 voltae (Cupidesthes), 5, 6, 7, 11 », (Lycaenesthes), 7 », var. gabunica (Lycaenesthes), 8 vosseleri (Anisolabis), 176 vulgata (Eupithecia), 277 vulneraria (Brotis), 301 x (Sphacelodes), 301 waddyi (Psalis), 182 wahlbergi (Echinosoma), 164 Y, (Euralia), xiv, xv, xvi, 498, 499, 500, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513 a Vale madagascariensis (Biu- ralia), 499 ae (Trichoptilus), 367 walkeri (Forcipula), 187 westermanni (Echinosoma), 164 westwoodi (Hypsaeus), 347 weyenberghii (Eudule), 232 willeyi (Nannisolabis), 194 wilverthi (Paratettix), 361 woodwardi (Gonolabis), 169, 171, 178,. 174 is var, dentata (Gonolabis),174 Xanthandrus, xxv, XxvVi, xxvii Xanthia, lvii xanthochlorata (Sarracena), 273 m (Sybarites), 273 xanthonota (Eretmocera), 455 xanthopoecila (Lycaenesthes), 51 xanthopoecilus (Lycaenesthes), 19, 51 52 xanthopus (Labidura), 185 Xanthorhoé, 208, 257, 268, 269 Xanthospilopteryx, xxix Xanthyris, 230 xenia (Anisolabis), 176 Xenoecista, 299 ( oon») xerophylloides (Acmophyllum), 355 (Medinophylluin), 349 Xerophyllum, 346, 347, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354 xuthogastra (Cosmopteryx), 452 xylinata (Ischnopteryx), 328 », (Syrtodes), 328 Xylolocha, 307 Xylophasia, xlvii Xyloryctidae, 457 yorkense (Echinosoma), 164 Ypsipetes, 251, 267 Ypsolophus, 452 ytenensis (Laccobius), lix Zaspiulothynnus, 417, 420 Zeleboria, 411 zenkeri (Lycaenesthes), 20, 62 zenobia (Papilio), xxix Zerene, 205 zeritis (Heterusia), 234 zeritis (Scordylia), 234 Zeugophora, Ixvii Zizeeria, xvii, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 498, 494, 495, 496, 497 Zizeeriidi, 480, 481, 482, 483 Zizera, xvii, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 486, 495 — Zizina, 482, 483, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 495, 496, 497 Zizula, 488, 492, 493, 495, 496, 497 zollikoferi (Xylophasia), xl vii as ab. pallida (Xylophasia), xlvii zoolina (Charaxes), xv, xli, 506 ». #. neanthes (Charaxes), xli zona (Euphyia), 250 »» (Scotosia), 250 Zygaena, Xiil TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON For THE YEAR 1910. I. A Revision of the African species of the Lycaenesthes group of the Lycaenidae. By G. T. BETHUNE-BAKER, ELS. F.ZS. [Read October 6th, 1909. | ATS y lech. THE genus Lycaenesthes was created by Moore in 1865 (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 773) for the reception of his species L. bengalensis, 1.e. emolus, Godart. The neura- tion is quite ordinary, and is very closely allied to Vacaduba and Jamides, from which however, it may be known by the possession of three short hair-like tails in the secondaries, this characteristic will also separate it from almost all other genera of the Lycaenidae. The Oriental species require a good deal of sifting, whilst those obtaining in Africa are much in the same condition in spite of the fact that Aurivillius dealt with the genus so admirably in his able work, “Rhopalocera Aethiopica ” ; since the issue of that book, however, a considerable amount of material has come to hand, and we are thus in the position of being able to elucidate many points and species. Africa may be said to be the headquarters of the genus; it was the un- ravelling of many species from the West Coast, together with Doherty’s collection from the Mau Escarpment in the Tring Museum, that necessitated my taking up a more detailed study of the genus, and thus led to the present TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1910.—PART I. (JUNE) B 2 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker’s Revision of the Revision of the African species of the group. In 18938 Karsch divided the genus into two, creating a second, Triclema (Berlin Ent. Zeit., 1893, p. 227) with lueretilis, Hew., as its type; the difference in the two genera lying in the subcostal veins, Lycaenesthes having four, Triclema only three, whilst vein 11 anastomoses with 12 in Triclema but not in Lycaenesthes. Aurivillius (in op. cit.) objects to this subdivision on the ground that in one species vein 8° is very short and almost wanting. It is with very great hesitation that I venture to differ from so able and revered an authority as the celebrated Swedish professor, but the fact remains that in the species he cites—turbaius, Grose- Smith (a synonym that must fall before lyzanvus, Hew.)— the vein 8 remains: it is short, no doubt, but it remains, and therefore it does not belong to 7riclema. This opens a wide subject, viz. ‘On what characteristics may we found new genera?” It is now almost universally conceded that where structure differs, another genus should, or may be erected; and the learned professor himself acts on this theory, for in this group that we are dealing with he has created the genus Cupidesthes (Hint. Tid., xiv, 1895, p. 215), on the ground that the eyes are naked, that the shape of the wings differs slightly, and that the species robusta, Auriv., is, as 1ts names signifies, more robust. Now the neuration of the Lycaenidae is one of their most constant and reliable characters. Many years’ study of the group from all over the world has certainly revealed a remarkable constancy of this character, whilst the study of this one genus only has revealed the fact that in more than one species the eyes may be hairy or not in individuals of the same species. I hold the view that neuration is a very important structural point, and, generally speaking (apart, of course, from those exceptional genera where the sexes differ in neuration as also in some cases individuals like- wise, but these are probably imstances of change; the species and the genera being in a period mutation), is sufficient of itself to establish the validity of a genus. Under these circumstances I cannot do otherwise than maintain the validity of Karsch’s genus; but more than this, I am with some reluctance perhaps, raising two additional genera for the group. In several species vein 11 and 12 anastomoses and there are four subcostal veins, whilst in several other species veins 11 and 12 do not anastomose, but there are only three subcostals. -1 do not African species of the Lycaenesthes group of Lycaenidae. 3 consider that these can rightly be put in either Lycaenesthes or ZTriclema, so that for the sake of the observer of the future it appears to me to be advisable to further sub- divide the genus, then the man who follows me hereafter may be able to show whether the group has become more homogeneous, or whether it has been further subdivided in its struggle for existence. The whole group has proved to be very complex and most difficult to treat; the under- side pattern separates itself into two well-marked sections, the upperside separates itself into four or five equally well- marked sections, whilst there are individual species that stand out quite separate from these; unfortunately for the systematiser, however, these well-marked groups according to colour or pattern do not run structurally along similar lines, but fall somewhat indiscriminately into the various genera. The genus Lycacnesthes takes all the species (sens. strict.) and forms a most homogeneous section, but apart from these a large number of a quite different pat- tern and colour must be included in the genus in its wider application, so that we find no less than 56 species falling under its range. The other genera are more homogeneous on the whole, the one or two divergences occurring will be found mentioned under the respective species. I still con- sider that a genus should not be raised on the character of pattern and colour only ; our knowledge of the physiological changes required to produce an alteration in pigment colour or pattern is almost nz/, and therefore apart from structure it should not be used. The development of pattern of the underside is readily followed through the somewhat simple markings (simple for Lycaenidae) of the musagetes-ligures section, through the heavy pattern of the larydas group into the complex design of the lysicles-scintilulla sub- sections. It is also interesting to find in tropical Africa an almost precisely similar evolution of colour as obtains in the temperate regions of the world; we have in this small group blues of all shades, browns, and coppers—the latter a colour quite separable from the coppers of the Capys and Phasis genera of South Africa, and it also differs from Heodes (if the species usually cited under it really belong to that genus), which is more closely allied to our Palaearctic Chrysophanus. The sexes are occasionally somewhat different, this being more noticeable in the ‘species lachares originally described by Hewitson from a female, and being brown with a largish yellow patch, B2 4, Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker’s Revision of the whose male was unrecorded until Grose-Smith described it under the name pulcher, this being of a beautiful sub- dued lustrous blue sometimes variegated with a more subdued ochreous patch; the underside of the female at first sight is very different from the intricate and closely packed pattern of the male, but careful examination reveals the pattern in embryo, and its evolution into that of the male can be easily imagined. The life history is not known of any of the African species, but de Nicéville has given us the life history of two of the Hastern species, L. lycaenina (J. A. S. B., lxix, p. 237) and Z. emolus (Butl., India, vol. i, p. 129); they are both attended by ants. The scales of the wings present no points that call for special attention except for the fact that the long battle- dore scales are very few in number. All the species of the group are robustly built, with strong triangular primaries and fairly full roundish secondaries, betokening a brisk, restless habit ; the thorax is unusually robust considering the small size of the insects. They are all strong-flighted, wary little creatures, fond of sunning themselves on the foliage of trees, and all—of which we have observations—delighting in flowers and in settling on damp spots for the benefit of the moisture they can imbibe. Though small in size they are of a pugnacious disposition, and will often take up a position on a twig and give battle to any passer by, even though it may be an insect much larger than itself, returning very frequently to the same twig time after time. Iam greatly indebted to Dr. Holland for most beautiful coloured figures painted amidst very great pressure of work, by his own hands of his species now in the Carnegie Museum, which have saved me from more than one probable error; also to Mr. H. H. Druce for access at all times to his valuable collection, and to Prof. Aurivillius and M. Mabille for the loan of their types. Had it not been for the kindness of these gentlemen, it is doubtful if some of the species would have been properly identified, and I now accord them my hearty thanks, as also to Mr. Heron of the British Museum, for constant and unfailing courtesy and help at all times. Genus CUPIDESTHES, Aurivillius. Synonymy: Genus Cuwpidesthes, Auriv., Ent. Tid., 1895, p. 215; a. Rhop. Aethiop., p. 345 (1898); Lycaenesthes, African species of the Lycaenesthes growp of Lycaenidae. 5 Hew., Ill. Diurn., p. 224 (1878); id. H. H. Druce, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1890, p. 24; zd. id. Sharpe, p. 105 (1890) ; za. Crowley, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1890, p. 555; zd. Smith and Kirby, Rhop. Exot., p. 110 (1894); id. Auriv., 1. c. a parte ; id. Beth.-Baker, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1903, p. 333. In creating this genus Aurivillius stated that it was very near Lycaenesthes, but differed through its quite naked eyes, through the almost straight costa of the primary, through the truncated inner edge of the second- ary, and through the much stronger build of the whole insect. I define it as follows— Caput and frons hairy, eyes glabrous or hairy more or less, palpi scaled, end segment longish, nearly naked, 2.e. quite smooth. Thorax and wings robust. Wings: costa of primaries nearly straight, broad and triangular ; secondaries less ample, termen truncated, anal angle reduced. Neuration : primaries, vein 2 at a third from the lower angle, 3 frem just before, 4 from the angle, 5 from about the middle of the discocellulars, 6 from just beyond the upper angle of the cell, 8 stalked from 7 at half to a third from the apex, 9 absent, 10 and 11 free from the cell ; secondaries, with two inner veins, la and 16 ; vein 2 given off from beyond the middle of the cell, 3 and 4 from the lower angle, 5 from about the middle of the cell, 7 from the cell, 8 highly curved at the base and long. The genitalia are also very different to those of the following genera, the clasps especially being of a totally different structure, as will be seen from the descriptions of these organs. Type, Cupidesthes robusta, Auriv. Prof. Aurivillius has been so kind as to lend me his type, which is intermediate in size between the smaller leonina mihi and the larger voltae, Sharpe. Iam including several species in the genus with more or less hairy eyes they so obviously are of the same type of insect, being decidedly larger than Lycaenesthes in one or both of the sexes, with the same class of pattern on the underside and similarly restricted blue, generally bright, on the upperside, so that I find it impossible to locate them elsewhere. I shall consider the eyes under each individual species. 6 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker’s Revision of the Kerry to FIGURE FoR DESCRIPTION OF GENITALIA. Harpago (in pairs) ; also called clasps. . Cingula ; consisting of two arms or a girdle confluent with the tegumen, and jointed to the harpagines. Tegumen ; always divided into two sides or cheeks in the front. Falces (in pairs) ; also called hooks. e. Furca ; consisting of two arms from a common base in the har- pagines, the support to the penis. f. Penis sheath. I KEY TO SPECIES. A. Blue above. 1. Underside: primaries with a spot in middle of cell, secondaries with a series of sub-basal spots below Qe OHNE 595 4B os 6 3 6 ROME 2. Blue very restricted above in primaries. Below with markings large, postmedian stripe in primaries very broad, no sub-basal, SR QS series of spotsin secondaries . . voltae. 3. Palest bluish green above restricted WO FOROS 6 5 6 6 8 8 CURL, 4. Smallin size. Below pattern consist- oyeA Ove SONAL SOO 5 9g gh oo thyrsis. 5, Small in size. Below pattern with larger spots, postmedian stripe in primaries very broad . . . . . lythas. 6. Small in size. Brown with a deep leaden blue lustre above, pattern below very large on a dark ground in ¢, ona white ground inthe 2 leonina, African species of the Lycaenesthes group of Lycaenidae 7 B. Brown above. 1. Both wings uniformly brown above and below, the undersurface having -numerous fine white lines . . . brunneus. 2, Both wings white above ; secondaries with a terminal row of black spots. Below white with pattern small SiG! OMOEA TD G6. 6 6 6 6 9 WOOMAKO), Cupidesthes robusta, Auriv. (Plate I, fig. 3.) C. robusta, Auriv., Ent. Tid., 1895, p. 215; zd. Rhop. Aethiop., p. 345 (1898). ¢ Hyes almost glabrous ; under a low-power lens ( x 6) the eyes appeared to be glabrous, but under a higher power ( x 10) a few isolated hairs were visible. Both wings brown with restricted bright blue area. Primaries, with the blue occupying the cell, evenly curved off to about a quarter from the cell on the inner margin. Secondaries with the blue occupying the cell and nearly to the angle and termen, but leaving the apex broadly brown ; the cell closed by a dark mark. Underside very pale brown largely covered with white scales. Primaries with a spot in the cell and a larger L-shaped one at the end, postmedian stripe very irregular, first spot on the costa below which are two at an angle followed by a fourth shifted inwards, very oblique, fifth again inwards less oblique, sixth scarcely traceable, a very dbscure subterminal scalloped stripe. Secondaries with three sub-basal marks, below the third, which is a dash, are two round spots on the inner margin, the upper one being very pale; a large oblique spot closing the cell ; postmedian stripe divided into three parts, the first two spots near the large cell spot, spots 3 to 6 shifted right out in an irregular row, spots 7 and 8 angled and shifted right inwards ; a trace of a subterminal line ; marginal spots in the anal area iridescent. Expanse 36 mm. Hab. CAMEROONS (Kitta), April. Type, Mus. Holmiae (Stockholm). Cupidesthes voltae, KE. M. Sharpe. (Plates I, fig. 1; IV, fig. 1.) Lycaenesthes voltae, Sharpe, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1890, p- 105; zd. Crowley, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1890, p. 555, Pl. 18, #6; zd. Auriv., Rhop. Aethiop., p. 849 (1898). 8 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker’s Revision of the 6. Primaries brown with the area below the cell and to about half vein 2 palish violet blue. Secondaries entirely violet blue as in the primaries with a short apical dark brown dash. Underside : both wings greyish white, with the usual markings of the ground-colour with a double edging first broadly of pale brown then finely of white. Primaries, with the postmedian stripe irregular, very broad, the four subcostal spots confluent oblique, fifth spot ovate shifted inwards, sixth spot very broad its inner margin shifted far inwards, seventh spot waved quadrangular shifted well in, its inner edge reaching the angle of vein 2. Secondaries with the post- median stripe twice fractured, not so broad as in the primaries, the third, fourth, and fifth spots confluent shifted well outwards, sixth spot large its inner edge shifted well inwards, seventh and eighth angled spots inwards again—anal spots reduced to very small dimen- sions. Q@. Primaries brownish with a large white patch occupying the cell the fold and lower radial area to the inner margin. Secondaries entirely white with termen broadly brownish with an obscure row of scalloped brown spots. Underside of both wings white, pattern as in the male, but obscure with fine obscure outlines. Genitalia.—Harpago very specialised, of very moderate breadth at the base, very rapidly tapering down to a long, narrowish arm, the whole of the upper edge straight, tip terminating in a blunt point with its upper edge dentated. Cingula rather narrow, expanding but little to the tegumen, which is well excised at the front of the dorsum, cheeks with a straightish front edge. Falces very fine and long, highly curved at a third. Furca with short arms curved backwards rising directly from their base. Penis sheath very long and exceedingly narrow, the hinder two-fifths being of moderate width. Tegumen and harpagines with very long, strong bristles extending far down the latter. The genitalia alone of this genus are so specialised, especially in the harpagones and penis sheath, as to be almost sufficient alone to substantiate Aurivillius’ genus. Var. gabunica, Auriv. Differs only in that it has no white patch. Hab. VOLTA RIVER ; SIERRA LEONE; ASHANTI; UGANDA. Type in the British Museum. This species should be readily known by its large size and palish violet blue colour. It was: originally described from a female, the only male I have seen being that from Ashanti in the British Museum. African species of the Lycaenesthes group of Lycaenidae. 9 Cupidesthes arescopa, sp. nov. (Plates I, fig. 2; IV, fig. Z.) ¢. Both wings blackish brown. Primaries with a restricted area of very pale silvery greenish blue, restricted to below the cell. Secondaries with the pale bluish area below vein 6, extending well beyond the cell and up to the abdominal margin and the tornus, these latter areas becoming whitish. Underside: both wings pale brownish almost entirely covered with white scales, so as to look whitish, the spots being only marked out by their brown margins, but being filled in with white. Primaries with a spot closing the cell ; postmedian stripe very broad, the third and fourth spots confluent shifted outwards, fifth and sixth each slightly inwards ; to this point the spots form one continuous band, but the first spot on the costa is absent, the seventh spot is isolated and shifted right inwards so as to be below the spot closing the cell. Secondaries with a sub-basal subcostal pale brown spot, an oblique spot closing the cell; postmedian stripe with the third spot shifted out on to the outer edge of the second, fourth and fifth confluent shifted slightly out, sixth oblique shifted slightly in, seventh and eighth angled spot shifted far in below and almost to touch the spot closing the cell, an indefinite subterminal brown line interrupted at the veins, a trace of a preterminal interrupted line, a small black terminal spot between veins 2 and 3 anda larger one at the angle, with a trace of a few metallic scales and slight yellow internal edges, 2. Both wings darkish brown. Primaries with a white central roundish patch. Secondaries with a larger patch below vein 6 to the inner margin, and occupying about half the radial area. Under- side as in the male. Expanse ¢ 37, P 42 mm. Hab. BitseE; JA RIVER, CAMEROONS. Type in the National Collection. Mr. H. H. Druce has a series of this species from the same locality with females, and my description of this sex is from one of his specimens. I have no doubt in my own mind as to the determination of the sexes. Genitalia.— Harpago somewhat roughly and narrowly reniform at the extreme base, suddenly reduced to an exceedingly fine, narrow, long point, with long, strong bristles most of its length. Cingula rather narrow, tapering wider towards the tegumen, which is well excised in the front of the dorsum (or dorsal apex). Falces very long and narrow, well curved at a quarter from their sockets. Furca with short, narrow arms rising directly from the harpagines, and 10 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker’s Revision of the evenly curved backwards. Penis sheath with the hinder half rather Indian-club shaped, the fore half very narrow with a blunt, rounded tip, Oupidesthes thyrsis, (Plate IV, fig. 3.) Lycaenesthes thyrsis, Hew., Ul. Diurn. Lep., p. 224, Pl. 92, ff. 42-44 (1878); id, Auriv., Rhop. Aethiop., p. 349 (1898). This species is easily distinguished by its smaller size, the blue in the primaries is confined to the cell, to below vein 2 including all the area below the cell, but not reaching into the tornus; in the secondaries the whole of the wing is bright blue to vein 6. The underside pattern is very typical, very irregular as to its postmedian stripes, but not absolutely fractured as in the type of the genus. The species should be easily recognisable. The female is entirely brown above. Hab. GABOON, FERNANDO Po; Ogowg, FRENCH ConGco (Coll. B.-B.). Type in Mus. Brit. Though this species is decidedly smaller than the type species, I have no hesitation in placing it in this genus, the pattern obtaining in precisely similar fascies ; the eyes of my male, whilst not glabrous, yet are not hairy—in the female they are hairy. I do not, however, trust this character, my doubting it seriously has made me test it, and I have found it very easily removed. JLycaenesthes larydas, Cram., has densely hairy eyes; in one specimen of this insect I removed the hairs with a gentle application of a soft camel-hair brush, i two other specimens this failed, but they immediately yielded to a quite gentle treatment from a small hogs-hair brush. This shows that as a character it should be used with very great caution as it is open to accidental alteration. Genitalia.—The harpago is reduced to an exceedingly narrow process for the basal half being highly and sharply excavated on its upper edge, forming a sharp tooth, the curve below being very rapid, the lower portion is then produced forward into a long, sharp point rather longer than the basal part; the cingula is well developed, its basal hind extremity being projected backwards into a long, bluntly ended tube, its girdle expands rapidly to the cheeks of the tegumen which are very fully developed with a fairly African species of the Lycaenesthes growp of Lycaenidae. 11 erect but uneven front edge; the falces are very long, sharply curved, almost at a right angle at a third from their sockets, the extremity forming a small talon; the dorsal apex is very highly excavated as to its fore margin only; the furea is very short, divided almost from its base, and sharply curved backwards from its base also, ‘The penis sheath is very “‘Strymonid” in shape, its hinder two-fifths being broadish, the fore three-fifths tapering narrowly to its orifice which suddenly expands and is somewhat trumpet-shaped. The cheeks of the tegumen are well furnished with strong, long hairs, the harpagines being scantily furnished with them, a few of which are, however, of exceptional length. Cupidesthes lithas, H. H. Druce. (Plate IV, fig. 4.) Lycaenesthes lithas, H. H. Druce, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1890, p. 24; 2d. Smith and Kirby, Rhop. Exot., p. 110, Pl. 24, ff. 3, 4 (1894); zd. Auriv., Rhop. Aethiop., p. 348 (1898). A species very close on the upperside to the previous one, but the blue is less bright, not lustrous, and in the secondaries it often extends up to vein 7, and generally beyond vein 6, On the under- side it differs more, the pattern is not composed of small spots, but of large ones, the postmedian fasciae, especially of the primaries consisting of very broad conjoined spots after the style of C. voltae, whereas (©. thyrsis has the pattern more like that obtaining in C. robusta. There is also the subcostal spot near the base on the secondaries which is lacking in thyrsis. The blue of this species may be variable, as I have a specimen in which it is quite mauve in tone. The female is entirely brown in both wings, with a trace of white showing beyond the cell in the primaries, and a row of four scalloped marginal black spots in the anal area of the secondaries, the underside being like the male but slightly modified. Hab. SIERRA LEONE; ASHANTI (Adda). Type, Coll. Druce. The insect described by Grose-Smith as the female of this species is the male of ldunulata, Trimen, a species widely distributed and equally widely confused by authors. Writers, however, of even twenty years ago ought to be excused much, the material available and the means of identification were very different then to what they are to-day. The female is brown without any blue, this 12 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker’s Revision of the obtains throughout the genus where both sexes are known, and may be expected to prove to be the case in robusta also. Genitalia.—Harpago of moderate width at base, but rapidly and evenly tapering to a point. Cingula well developed, the basal hind extremity produced far backwards, and ending in a small globose termination, the girdle or arms taper gradually up to the cheeks of the tegumen, which have erect front edges ; the falces are very long and fine, highly curved at about a third from their socket ; the dorsal front apex is deeply excavated. Furca shortish, with fine erect arms. Penis sheath somewhat ‘‘Strymonid” in shape, with the hinder two-thirds broadish, then gradually tapering narrowly to an oblique apex ; both the cheeks of the tegumen and the harpagines are well furnished with longish hairs, the latter having them almost to the base. Cupidesthes leonina, B.-B. Lycaenesthes leonina, Beth.-Baker, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1903, p. 333. ¢. Both wings dark brown. Secondaries with a leaden lustre in the cell and below it, and with four or five terminal dark spots edged palely internally. Underside: both wings dark brown with spots palely edged. Primaries with a spot closing the cell and one above it. Postmedian stripe broad, third and fourth spots confluent shifted outwards, fifth well inwards, sixth inwards again and largish, seventh very large right inwards, terminal area broadly whitish, with an internervular series of scalloped marks. Second- aries with a sub-basal spot below the costa and on inner margin, a spot closing the cell ; postmedian stripe beginning and ending right over and under the cell spot, second spot shifted outwards, third and fourth confluent shifted outwards, the fourth being slightly further out than the third, fifth and sixth small, and each shifted in, seventh and eighth angled spot right in; terminal area broadly whitish with alunular dividing line, a black terminal spot between veins 2 and 3, and at the angle edged internally with yellow, with a trace of iridescent scales. Expanse 32 mm. The female is entirely brown, but I have a specimen from Busoga with a white postmedian area in the primaries and a whitish curved postmedian stripe in the secondaries. Hab. SterRA LEONE; UPPER Conco ; BusoGa ; UGANDA African species of the Lycaenesthes group of Lycaenidae. 18 (Minchin); Gotp Coast (Dudgeon); Vouta River (wn Mus. Brit.). Types, f in my collection, ? in coll. Cator. When I described this species originally, from Sierra Leone, I was much puzzled as to the sex in the absence of the forelegs; since that time, however, I have received an undoubted male from the Upper Congo, and the British Museum have also received a male, which though entirely brown above is certainly the same species, the latter mates well with my Busoga &. Cupidesthes brunneus, Smith and Kirby. Lycaenesthes brunneus, 8. & K., Rhop. Exot. p. 106, Pl. XXIII, ff 18,14; Z. brunnea, Auriv., Rhop. Aethiop., p. 348 (1898). 2. Upperside uniformly brown in both wings. Secondaries with a terminal row of black spots, decreasing rapidly to the apex where they become minute, the row is finely edged Jaterally with whitish. Underside uniformly brown with numerous whitish lines in both wings. Secondaries with two small dark spots on the costa. Hab. OGowE River. Type in the Carnegie Museum. I only know this species from Smith and Kirby’s figures, but it is evidently near my C. leonina. The pattern below is, however, quite different, and it has no white ground-colour at all, either above or below. I think there is not much doubt that I am right in placing the species in this genus. Cupidesthes mimetic, Druce. (M.S.) This species differs from the preceding in being practically all white both above and below, the pattern below is also different, being much broken up. Hab. BrrsE; JA RIVER, CAMEROONS. Type in the Druce collection. Mr. Druce has let me see this species before his descrip- tion has appeared. It is a very distinct msect, quite different from others of the genus. Its clear, cream-white wings should make it recognisable at a glance, and as I 14 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker’s Revision of the understand he will figure it in his paper, I would refer my readers to his plate and description. Genus LycAENESTHES, Moore. Synonymy : Zycacna, Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Aust., p. 234 (1866) ; Lycaenesthes, Moore, P. Z.S., 1866, p. 773; zd. Hew., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 343; Ill. Diurn. Lep., p. 219 (1878) ; id. Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i, p. 87 (1881); id. Distant, Rhop. Malay, p. 232 (1884); 7d. Trimen, 8. A. Butt., 1, p. 93 (1887) ; zd. de Nicéville, Butt. Ind., 111, p. 127 (1890) ; 2d. Karsch, B. i. Z., p. 214 (1893); 2d. Reuter, Act. SOG We, Ie, 2, Ty yo, Ie CkSYO)) 3 aa, Auimuiny,, leslneyo. Aethiop., p. 345 (1898) ; ¢d. ed. Arkiv. Zool., 11, p. 16 (1905) ; id. Holland, Psyche, vi, p. 50 (1891); zd. id. Ent. News, iv, p. 25 (1893); 2d. Smith and Kirby, Rhop. Exot., 11, p. 97 (1893) ; td. 2d. i, p. 187 (1901); Pseudodypsas, Reuter, l. ¢. “yes hairy. Palpi long, compressed porrect; third joint long, attenuated, half the length of the second. Legs moderate ; femora slightly pilose beneath ; mid and hind tibiae with two short apical spurs. Antennae slender at the base, thickened near the end which is finely pointed. ‘Thorax and abdomen robust. Wings moderately broad; f.w. with costal margin arched at the base ; apex rather acute; exterior margin slightly oblique; subcostal vein with first branch arising at one-third the length of the wing, second and third equidistant, fourth remote, fifth joined at the base to the third; h.w. rounded exteriorly; two small very fine tail-like fascicles of hair near anal angle. Lycaenesthes bengalensis type (= emolus).”—(P. Z.8., 1865, p. 773.) The African species agree entirely in neuration and other generic characters with the type named by Moore, whilst the species themselves (sens. strict.) follow the general pattern of the underside in a remarkably constant manner. The neuration has nothing remarkable about it, and may be defined thus— ‘“‘ Primaries with vein 2 from well beyond the middle of the cell, 3 from in front of the lower angle, 4 from the angle, 5 from just above the middle of the discocellulars, 6 from the upper angle, 7 and 8 stalked about a third from the apex, 7 being emitted from near the end of the cell, 9 absent, 10 and 11 from the cell ; secondaries, 2 from just beyond the middle of the cell, 3 from close to the angle, 4 African species of the Lycaenesthes group of Lycaenidae. 15 from the angle, 5 from directly above the middle of the discocellu- lars, 7 stalked from 6 from the cell.” De Nicéville describes the larva of the Kastern species emolus, Godart, thus— “Larva when full fed ‘62 of an inch in length, somewhat dark ereen in colour of a darker shade than most Lycaenid larva, smooth and shining, the whole upper surface covered with minute pits to be seen only under a strong magnifying glass. The head is very small and retractile as usual, and of a pale green colour, the second segment is unmarked, the third to sixth segments inclusive have some obscure reddish-brown dorsal blotches, the three following segments are unmarked, the tenth to twelfth have somewhat similar blotches to those on the third to sixth, but they are more distinct and darker in shade. There is a pale yellow lateral line just above the legs. All the segments are irregularly and broadly pitted at the sides ; these pits seem more or less to assume the form of a longitudinal subdorsal depression, below which to the lateral line the colour of the insect is slightly paler. The whole larva is much depressed, somewhat wider than high, and seems to gradually increase in breadth to the segment 10, the last segment is almost as broad and rounded. The larva varies greatly in colour and markings, some being pale green throughout and unmarked, others again are reddish brown throughout. It feeds, in Calcutta, on Nephelium litchi, Lamb, Cassia fistula, Linn:, Heynea trijuga, Roxb., and not im- probably, as it feeds on so many bushes, it will eat others. Dr. Forel identifies the ant which attends the larva as O6ccophylla smaragdina, Fab., the large red and green ant that makes immense nests of growing leaves in trees. “ Pupa ‘4 of an inch in length of the usual Lycaenid shape, the tail pointed, the thorax slightly humped, and ending in a somewhat sharp ridge line on the back ; it is coloured pale ochreous and bears a prominent diamond-shaped mark posteriorly. It is smooth throughout, reddish brown, sprinkled with minute darker dots,”— (Butt. India, i, p. 129.) We have no information about the ova, and there are one or two points in the brief life history that would be interesting to elucidate by a more critical examination of both larva and pupa—these gaps we hope by degrees will be filled. Silvanus and larydas appear to be common in many parts of Africa, so that it ought to be possible to obtain a more detailed record of their metamorphoses; at present nothing is known of these details of any of the 16 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker’s Revision of the Ethiopian species. I would appeal to observers in the field to give us these records. Many Eastern species have been described, some of which de Nicéville deals with; whilst he admits three Indian ones he states he believes there are only two, and it is to my mind clear that, when carefully sifted, the number of species now standing in the Oriental region will have to be considerably reduced. A study of the genitalia of the section we are now considering has been of great assistance in checking the natural groups into which the individual species fall, and it bears out previous experience that they are of the utmost value both specifically and generically. KEY TO SPECIES. I. Lycaenesthes (sens. strict.). Blue above, spotted below. A. No basal spots in either wings. 1. Brown above, secondaries with broad yellow semuntnell ban eee rubricinctus. 2. Blue above, below spots plain Tinos as ground-colour. . . musagetes. 3. Blue Bie below spots u ee filled i in Wtin weClalisn 5 4 6 0 ituria. 4. Blue above, below one i spot on costa and one red one on inner margin in secondaries . . . . . anadema. B. Basal spots in secondaries only. 1. Deep blue above, below spots almost as ground-colour. . . ligures. 2. Deep blue above, below suas <a traces of red in primaries, much WEL Tih JSONCAWES 5 5 o « hobleyi. 3. Deep blue above, postmedian eine broad almost confluent very nea AONE, 5 5 4 indefinita. 4. Blue lillacine, below aay, no Basal spot in cell of secondaries . . definita. 5. Mauve blue above, with fine termen in both wings . chirinda. 6. Dark blue anon aath ‘ond seule apex and termen in both wings . afra. 7. Dark blue above, with Ibreandl dark apex and termen ; below spots large, primaries with postmedian stripe very oblique asto costal spots 1 to 4, twice strongly fractured . . . . alberia. African species of the Lycaenesthes growp of Lycaenidae. 8. 10. Wik, 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Oe 18. 19: 20. 21. 22. 23. TRANS. ENT. SOC, LOND. 1910.—PART I. Dark blue above, secondaries with two red costal and two red ee nal spots . Mauve blue paler Ahonen melon <i three basal chestnut ee in secondaries Blue cupreous above, nelle no > haga spot in cell, costal spot bright blue Cupreous ee above, below secon- daries with two dark costal but no basal spot in cell . Leaden lilac above . Mauve blue above, below mite ; sec- ondaries with no basal spot in cell, spot at base of costa and inner margin dark and definite : Blue darkish above, apex broadly brown, anal spots edged with red, below no basal spot in cell Greyish blue above, apex and termen broadly brown, below secondaries with only one small dark basal spot on costa . Blue very restricted above, Below oath three small dark basal spots . Mauve blue above, below all marks obsolete except dark basal spot below costa Brown above, pale Boanih helow with pattern near to otacilia . Blue restricted to cell and below ; sec- ondaries below with four basal spots, a dark one on costa, two paler in cell, and one below . Blue not restricted . Brown above, underside like ee without black spots : Shining grey above, below primaries with black basal bar below cell, secondaries with three black costal and four black basal or sub-basal spots . 6 Lustrous blue ae eine secwndanies with two strongly emphasised round lastt. lemnos. smith. princeps. uganda. liodes. bihe. livida. millart. nigropunctata. minima. otacilia. kikuyw. suquala. amarah. (JUNE) C 17 18 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker’s Revision of the black or crimson subcostal spots and one inner-marginal 24. Blue lilacine evanescent somewhat restricted, anal spots surmounted with orange; below, costal and inner-marginal spots small scarlet . 25. Blue restricted in both wings above. In primaries below postmedian stripe strongly fractured, costal part very oblique; in secondaries a blackish subcostal spot and a similar smaller spot on the inner margin, no sub-basal spots in cell . 26. Deep purplish above. In primaries below postmedian stripe irregular but confluent ; in secondaries three largish round sub-basal spots, post- median stripe strongly accentuated 27. Blue dark indigo purple above. Prim- aries below with a large angled basal mark, secondaries with four largish sub-basal spots often con- joined, both wings much covered with the pattern . x na ts 28. Blue pale lilacine above. Both wings below pale with scarcely darker spots somewhat similar in pattern tolarydas . . II. (Sens. lat.). A. Above blue or brown, below with patches as well as spots. 1. Both wings with blue patches, pri- maries with blue restricted to cell and below ; secondaries, blue. restricted below cell interrupted by a black bar. Below, subterminal line in pri- maries invaded obliquely by both first and second portion of post- median stripe . 2. Blue lilacine paler sonaauibeth ne sparent above, primaries occasion- ally with a subdued yellow spot. Below postmedian stripe not oblique, subterminal line not invaded. . . lunulata. sanguinea. levis. silvanus. larydas. crawshay. lysicles. lachares. African species of the Lycaenesthes group of Lycaenidae. 19 3. Brown aboye, with lustrous blue in fold of primaries, trace of yellow in blue below vein 2; secondaries with a sub-lustrous bhue ne from SIT 2}