THOMAS LINCOLN CASEY LIBRARY 1925 Ps 3 — 7 bic = + rs a ' in = TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Page 104, for Page 104, for Page 105, for Page 107, for Page 109, for Page 110, for Page 116, for Page 116, for Page 167, for Page 180, for Page 181, for Page 181, for Page 221, for Page 223, for Page 249, for Page 273, for Page 310, for Page 510, for Page xxxvii, for ERRATA. TRANSACTIONS. Wotogenta subtesselata prurvosus read Votogonia. read subtessellata. read = pruinosus. crassiscornis read crass?cornts. Droylus read Dorylus. V. armata read SS. armata. (Estuans read stuans. read Apis. Gynandroph halna read Gynandrophthalma, Metotoplax read Metopoplax. P. strichnocera read WD, strichnocera. Megalocerea read Megalocerwa. sp.nov. vead gen. nov. Evichoma read Evirchoma, Hybocompa read Hybocampa. Lyceenide read Lycenide. T. binghami read J. binghamt, Ur ys read Urowxys, Aphis PROCEEDINGS. Fuliginose read fuliginosa. Page xxxvii, for Poncra read Ponera. Page xlvi, for Mrs. Nicholls read Mrs. Nicholl. Page xvii, for (orthocladius) read (Orthocladius). Page lvi, for 16 ceratinia read 16 Ceratinia. Page lvi, for 4ceratinia read 4 Ceratinia. Page lviii, for JANSEN read JANSON. Page lix, for Anisolobis read Anisolabis. Page lix, for Huntingford read Huntingfield THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LOIN DON I (Ma IRIs Peis ee la: Os. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY. SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET CAVENDISH SQUARE, W., AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. ; AND NEW YORK. 1903-1904, DATES OF PUBLICATION IN PARTS. . Part I. (Trans., pp. 1-140, Proc., i-xii) was published 29th April, 1903. tC. ee 141-238, ,, xXlli-xxiv) » gndJune, ,, eit. (. F 239-498, ,, XXV—xxxil) » odth Oct., 2 »1V-( 4» 499-575, ,, xxxiii-Ixiv) . 4thDec, ,, » We (———_————__ ,,__ I xv-ellxi) . 16th Mar., 1904. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. FOUNDED, 1833. INCORPORATED BY RoyaLt CHARTER, 1885. OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the Session 1903-1904. President. Pror. EDWARD B. POULTON, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Vice-Presidents. THe Rev. CANON FOWLER, M.A., D.Sc., F.LS. Pror. RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R.S., F.C.S. Dr. DAVID SHARP, M.A., F.R.S., F.LS. Treasurer. ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F.LS. Secretaries. HERBERT GOSS, F.L:S. HENRY ROWLAND-BROWN, M.A. Wibrarian. GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.ZS. Otber Members of Council. CotonEL CHARLES T. BINGHAM, F.ZS. MALCOLM BURR, B.A., F.LS., F.Z.S. Dr. THOMAS ALGERNON CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S. ARTHUR JOHN CHITTY, M.A. HAMILTON H.C. J. DRUCE, F.Z.S. Pror. LOUIS COMPTON MIALL, F.R.S. THe Rev. FRANCIS DAVID MORICE, M.A. CoLtoneEL CHARLES SWINHOE, M.A, F.L.S., F.Z.S. CotonEL JOHN W. YERBURY, R.A., F.ZS. Resident Librarian. WILLIAM R. HALL. (ay THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY O# LONDON. 1834—1903. The Transactions can now be obtained by Fellows at the following reduced prices :— PUBLIC, FELLOWS. 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PAGE Errata ae ii Explanation of the slefion viil List of Fellows... ; ix Additions to the Library XXliL MEMOIRS. I. A further contribution to our knowledge of African Phyto- phagous Coleoptera, Part II. By Martin Jacopy, F.E.S.... 1 II. On the life history of Drilus flavescens, Rossi. By Lioner R. CrawsHay, M.A. Oxon. Communicated by CHARLES OWEN WarteruHOUSE, F.E.S. ase a aes eo a0 ld) III. On the genus Dedlemera, Hiibner. By CoLoneL CHARLES SWINHOE, M.A., F.L.S., IAG) és <0 08 IV. Some notes on the habits of WManophyes ing irene! as observed in Central Spain. By GrorGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S., and Dr. THomas A. Cuapman, M.D., F.Z.8., with a description of the larva and pupa by Dr. T. A.CHapman, M.D. 87 V. The <Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore, Spaces By GEORGE ALEXANDER JAMES ROTHNEY, F.E.S.. 93 VI. Descriptions of nineteen new species of Lar ae (Ouener us end Apidz from Barrackpore. By PETER CAMERON. Communi- cated by GrORGE ALEXANDER JAMES ROTHNEY, F.E.S. 117 VIL. Notes on the nests of Bees of the genus Trigona. By CHARLES OwrEN WATERHOUSE, F.E.S. nea : . 133 VIII. A remarkable new Lepidopterous Insect on alalandl By Srr Grorce F. Hampson, Bart., B.A., F.Z.S. 5 Ms}? IX. On Lepidoptera from the White ale! eollected by Mr. W. L.8 Loat, F.Z.8.; together with further Notes on Mee Dimorphism in Butterflies. By Dr. Freperick A. DIxeEy, M.A., M.D., Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford ... 141 X. An Entomological Excursion to Bejar, Central eeu By GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S.... 207 . 165 XI. An Account of a Collection of Rhopalocera made on the Anambara Creek in Nigeria, West Africa. By Percy I. Latuy, F.Z.8., F.E.S. 183 XII. Rigi iae aculeata, collected i. the Rev. AueeED E. Eaton, M.A., in Madeira and Tenerife, in the spring of 1902, including notes on species taken by the late T. VERNON Wottaston and F. A. BreLiamy. ah EpWwARD SAUNDERS, F.R.S., F.L.S., ete. . 207 XIII. Deceripuars of twelve new genera aad species Gf We acernonil (Herestarchint and Amblypygt), and three species of Ampulex from the Khasia Hills, India. By Prrer Cameron. Com- municated by GrorGe ALEXANDER JAMES RoTHNEY, F.E.S. 219 XIV. On a collection of Le ae een a from Arctic America. at HENRY Joun Etwes, F.R.S., ¥.L.8., ete. ee . 239 XV. A contribution to the life iisbae of Orina (Chr eden loa) tr eh, Fabr., var. smaragdina, Weise. By Dr. THomas ALGERNON CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S. 245 ( viii ) PAGE XVI. The Butterflies of Chile. By Henry Joun Etwes, F.R.S., F.L.S., ete. : ss a6 Ao ASE 50 ..- 263 XVII. On the genus ‘Theodosia and other Eastern Goliathidcs, with descriptions of some new species By, OLIvER E. JANSON, F.E.S. Py ae a3 ss o0 on ... 303 XVIII. Experiments in 1893, 1894, and 1896 upon the colour-relation between lepidopterous larvee and their surroundings, and especially the effect of lichen-covered bark upon Odontopera bidentata, Gastropacha quercifolia, etc. By Professor Epwarp B. Poutton, D.Sc., M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., etce., Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford, Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford 900 ee . oll XIX. A Revision of the Old World Lymantriidz in the National Collection. a COLONEL CHARLES SwInHOE, M.A., F.L.S., eles =. > oo XX. On the antennz of ee Gresca ees adee _) By AMBROSE QUAIL, F.E.S. ... Ae ah ee Ee . 499 XXI. On the Laparostict Lamellicorn Galsepters of Grenada Me St. Vincent (W. Indies). By Girpert J. Arrow, F.E.S8. 509 XXII. Note on the habits of Chtronomus (Orthocladius) sordidellus. By THomas Harotp Taytor, M.A., F.E.S. ... ap .- O21 XXIII. Additions to the Rhynchotal fauna of Central America. By Weel DISTANT hb sHiS.. ures ea a sce 230 wee O20 XXIV. Notes on some Central and South American Eryctnide, with descriptions of new species. By Freprerick Du CANE Gopman, D.C.L., F.R.S., etc. ... oes aa “ss Sen PAY) XXYV. Supplementary Note to a Paper entitled Hymenoptera aculeata, collected by the Rev. Arrrep E, Eaton, M.A., in Madeira and Tenerife, in the aes of 1902. By Epwarp SAUNDERS, BRS, ELS: : re sas eee Apo GIL XXVI. Protective Gbieation in its eeaon to Mimicry, Common Warning Colours, and Sexual Selection. By Assorr H. TuHayEerR. Communicated by Professor Epwarp B. Poutton, M.A., D.Sce., F-R.S. 36C ee 2 nbd 500 w. 593 XXVII. A brief discussion of A. H. THayeEr’s suggestions as to the meaving of colour and pattern in insect bionomics. By Professor Epwarp B. Pouttron, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Boo ek) Proceedings for 1903 Fas 2 se ae $53 oe: .. 1—Ixvill Annual Meeting ... see tte ons a a sae “oe Ixviii President’s Address sd wee ise ae es sh des xxiii Index ae sea He oe oa A aes oH wee exvil EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PlatesI XII. See pages 39—51 Plates X & XI. See pages 245—261 Plates III & IV. - 58—84 Plates XII to XV. ,, 268—801 Plate V. 3 87—182 Plates XVI to ) 311374 Plate VI. | 138186 KV f 2 Ke Plate VII. Me 141—163 Plate XIX. 5 499—508 Plate VIII. . 183—206 Plates XX to ) 529.550 Plate IX. a 239—243 LOCH J 2 a Wist of Fellows OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Date of HONORARY FELLOWS. Election. 1900 AvRIVILLIUS, Professor Christopher, Stockholm. 1900 Braver, Professor Friedrich Moritz, Mayerhofyasse 6, Viennu. 1901 Fapre, J. H., Sérignan, Vaucluse, France. 1894 Foret, Professor Auguste, M.D., Chigny, prés Morges, Switzerland. 1898 Grassi, Professor Battista, The University, Rome. 1884 OsTEN SACKEN, Baron C. R., Bunsenstrasse 8, Heidelberg. 1884 PackarD, Dr. Alpheus S., Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A. 1872 Saussure, Henri F. de, Tertasse 2, Geneva. 1895 ScuppER, Samuel Hubbard, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. 1885 SNELLEN, Pieter Carl T., Rotterdam. 1893 WatrENwyL, Hofrath Dr. Carl Brunner Von, Lerchenfeldstrasse 28, Vienna. 1898 Weismann, Dr. August, Frevburg, Baden. FELLOWS. Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions. Date of Election. 1901 + Aparr, Sir Frederick E. 8., Bart., Flixton Hall, Bungay. 1877 Apams, Frederick Charlstrom, F.Z.S., 50, Ashley-gardens, Victoria- street, S.W. 1877 Apams, Herbert J., Roseneath, London-road, Enfield, N. 1902 ADKIN, Benaiah Whitley, Trenoweth, Hope-park, Bromley, Kent. 1885 ADKIN, Robert, Welljeld, Lingards-road, Lewisham, 8.E. 1899 ANnpDREws, Henry W., Shirley, Welling, S.O., Kent. 1901 Awnine, William, 39, Lime Street, E.C. 1899 + ARRow, Gilbert J., 87, Union-grove, Clapham, S.W.; and British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell-road, S.W. 1886 ArmorE, E. A., 48, High-street, King’s Lynn. 1850 f AveBuRY, The Right Honble. Lord, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., etc., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent. 1901 Bacor, Arthur W., 154 Lower Clapton-road, N.E. 1903 Batpock, G. R., 71, Hertford-road, Lower Edmonton, N. 1886 Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., Norden, Corfe Castle, Wareham. 1890 1886 1895 1887 1902 1884 (2a) Barcuay, Francis H., F.G.S., The Warren, Cromer. BarGaGul, Marchese Piero, Piazza S. Maria, Palazzo Tempi No. 1, Florence, Italy. BarkER, Cecil W., Rownham, Malvern, Natal, South Africa. Barker, H. W., 147, Gordon-road, Peckham, S.E. BaRRAvD, Philip J., Bushey Heath, Watford. Barrett, Charles Golding, Tremont, Peckham Rye, 8.E. 1894 — Bateson, William, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge, Merton House, Grantchester, Cambridge. 1896 | Beare, Prof. T. Hudson, B.Sc, F.R.S.E., 10 Regent Terrace, Edinburgh, 1851 + Beaumont, Alfred, Gosfield, Halstead, Essex. 1899 1903 1897 1885 1895 1880 1895 1891 BEDWELL, Ernest C., Elinlea, Clevedon-roud, Norbiton, Surrey. Bewi-Marzey, H. W., 50, Winder-street, Buyside, Durham, Natal. Bennett, W. H., 15, Wellington-place, Hastings. BretHune-Baker, George T., F.L.S., 19, Clarendon-road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Bevan, Lieutenant H. G. R., R.N., H.M.S. “ Doris,” Channel Squadron. BIGNELL, George Carter, The Ierns, Homepark-road, Saltash. Bryenam, Lieut.-Col. Charles T., F.Z.8., Bombay Staff Corps, 6 Gwendwr-road, West Kensington, 8.W. BuaBer, W. H., F.L.S., 12, Great Castle-street, Regent-street, W. 1894 | BuackBuRNE- Maze, W. P., Shaw House, Newbury. 1889 1885 1886 1903 1891 1876 1875 1902 1892 1888 BuanprorpD, Walter F. H., M.A., F.Z.S., 12, Arundel Gardens, Ladbroke-qrove, W. Buatuwayt, Lieut.-Col. Linley, F.L.8., Eagle House, Batheaston, Bath. BLOOMFIELD, The Rev. Edwin Newson, M.A., Guestling Rectory, Hastings. ; Bogus, W. A., Wilts and Dorset Bank, Shepton Mallet Boorn, George A., Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands, Carnforth. Borre, Alfred Preudhomme de, Villa la Fauvette, Petit Saconnex, Geneva. Borrer, Win, F.GS., Pakyns Manor House, Hurstpierpoint, Hassocks, R1S.O., Sussex. Bostock, E. D., Holly House, Stone, Staffs. BouskE.L, Frank, Market Bosworth, Nuneaton. Bower, Benjamin A., Langley, Willow Grove, Chislehurst. 1894 + Bowuss, E. Augustus, M.A., Myddelton House, Waltham Cross. 1852 + Boyp, Thos., Woodvale Lodge, South Norwood Hill, 8.E. 1893 1877 1870 1894 BraBant, Edouard, Chateaw de Morenchies, par Cambrai (Nord), France. Briaas, Charles Adolphus, Rock House, Lynmouth, R.S.O., N. Devon. Briaes, Thomas Henry, M.A., Rock House, Lynmouth, RS.O., N. Devon. Bricut, Percy M., Chumar, Lansdowne-road, Bournemouth, ot a) 1897 BricHtTweEn, Mrs. E., The Grove, Great Stanmore. 1890 Bristow, B. A., The Cottage, Stoke D’ Abernon, Cobham, Surrey. 1878 Broun, Capt. Thomas, Drury, Auckland, New Zealand. 1902 Brovuauton, Captain T. Delves, R.E., Alderney. 1886 Brown, John, 5, King’s Parade, Cambridge. 1892 Browne, Major Clement Alfred Righy, R.E., Lahore, India. 1898 | BucHan-Heprsurn, Sir Archibald, Bart., J.P., D.L., Smeaton- Hepburn, Prestonkirk. 1883 Bucxron, George Bowdler, F.R.S., F.L.S., Weycombe, Haslemere, S.0., Surrey. 1902 Buuurr, Arthur Percival, Wellington, New Zealand. 1896 | Burr, Malcolm, B.A., F.LS., F.Z.S., Royal Societies Club, St. James's, 8.W. 1868 , Butter, Arthur G., Ph.D., F.LS., F.Z.8., The Lilies, Penge-road, Beckenham. 1883 Burier, Edward Albert, B.A., B.Sc., 53, Tollington Purk, N. 1902. BurieEr, William E., Hayling House, Oxford-road, Reading. 1886 CaLveRT, Win. Bartlett, Liceo de Quillota, Quillota, Chili. 1902. Cameron, Malcolm, M.B., R.N., H.M.S. “ Harrier,” Mediterranean Station. 1885 CampBELL, Francis: Maule, F.LS8., F.Z.S., &¢., Brynllwydwyn, Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire. 1898 CANDEZE, Léon, 64, Rue de ? Ouest, Liege. 1880 CanspaLE, W. D., Sunny Bank, South Norwood, S.E. 1889 Cant, A., c/o Fredk. DuCane Godman, Esq., F.R.S., 10, Chandos- street, Cavendish-square, W. 1890 Capper, Samuel James (President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society), Huyton Park, Liverpool. 1894 Caraccrtoto, H., H.M. Customs, Port of Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies. 1892 CARPENTER, The Honble. Mrs. Beatrice, Avplin, Northallerton. 1895 CARPENTER, G. H., B.Se., Museum of Science and Art, Dublin. 1898 CaRPENTER, J. H., Riverdale, Leatherhead. 1868 CaARRINGTON, Charles, Hailey Hall, Hertford. 1890 Carrer, George Wm., M.A., F.L.S., Clif End House, Scarboro’. 1895 Carter, Sir Gilbert, K.C.M.G., 43, Charing Cross, W.C.; and Government House, Nassau, Bahamas. 1900 Carter, J. W., 25, Glenholme-road, Manningham, Bradford. 1900 Cassat, R. T., M.R.C.S., Ballaugh, Isle of Man. 1903 Carrne, John Rowland, 59 and 61, Chancery Lane, E.C. 1889 + Cave, Charles J. T., Binstead, Cambridge. ° 1900 CHAMBERLAIN, Neville, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham. 1871 CHampion, George C., F.Z.S., Liprartan, Heatherside, Horsell, Woking ; and 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W. 1891 CHAPMAN, Thomas Algernon, M.D., F.Z.S8., Vick-PRESIDENT, Betula, Reigate. Cites) 1902 CHARNLEY, James Roland, Howick House, Howick, nr. Preston, Lancashire. 1890 CHaATTERTON, Frederick J.S.,5, Camden Studios, Camden-street, N.W. 1897 CHAWNER, Miss Ethel F., Forest Bank, Lyndhurst, R.S.O., Hants. 1898 CHAWNER, Lawrence C., Forest Bank, tao R.S.O., ene 1902 CHEESMAN, E. M., c/o J. Garson, 63, Railway-street, Durban, Natal. 1891 + Carrry, Arthur John, M.A., 27, Hereford-square, 8S.W.; and Hunt- ingfield, Faversham, ieee 1890 CHortEy, Mrs. H. S8., MJoorville Cottage, Bur ie in- Wharfedale, Leeds. 1889 CuHristy, William M., M.A., F.L.S., Watergate, Emsworth. 1886 + CLaRK, John Adolphus, 57, Weston Park, Crouch End, N. 1867 CLaRKE, Alex. Henry, 109, Warwick-road, Earls Court, S.W. 1886 CLARKE, Charles Baron, M.A., F.RS, F.LS, F.GS., 13, Kew Gardens-road, Kew, S.W. 1891 OLaRKE, Henry Shortridge, 2, Osborne-terrace, Douglas, Isle of Man. 1873 Coxe, William, F.L.S., Springfield, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. 1899 Coin, James E., Sussex Lodge, Newmarket. 1901 Connotp, Edward, 7, Magdalen Terrace, St. Leonards-on-Sea. 1900 Corton, Dr. John, 126, Prescot-road, St. Helens. 1892 Cowan, Thomas William, F.L.S., F.GS., F.R.MS., Pinehurst, Pacific Grove, California. 1886 CoweELL, Peter (Librarian of the Liverpool Free Public Library), William Brown-street, Liverpool. 1867 Cox, Herbert Ed., c/o Mrs. Eve, 125, Harley-street, W. 1895 CRABTREE, Benjamin Hill, The Oaklands, Levenshulme, Manchester. 1888 CrecoEr, J. P., Tredinick, Mayow-road, Sydenham, S.E. 1890 CREWE, Sir ieee Harpur, Bart., Ci tlke Abbey, Derbyshire. 1880 + Crisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., J.P., ieeeaee L.S., 17, Throgmorton- avenue, EC, and Heir Park ‘Henley on- Thames. 1902 CrutTtwELLt, The Rev. Canon Charles Thomas, M.A., Eivelme Rectory, Wallingford. 1901 Dapp, Edward Martin, Bismarckstrasse 1, Charlottenburg, Germany. 1873 Dats, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne, Dorset. 1900 DateisH, Andrew Adie, 21, Prince’s-street, Glasgow. 1887 Dattry, The Rev. Thomas W., M.A., F.L.S., Madeley Vicarage, Newcastle, Staffordshire. 1886 Dannatt, Walter, Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh Parl:, Blackheath, S.¥E. 1903 Day, F. H., 27, Currock-road, Carlisle. 1898 Day, G. O., Parr’s Bank-house, Knutsford. 1875 Distant, Wm. Lucas, Steine House, Selhurst-road, South Norwood,S.E. 1887 Drxey, Frederick Augustus, M.A., M.D., Fellow and Bursar of Wadham College, VicE-PRESIDENT, Wadham College, Oxford. 1898 Drxon, G. B., St. Peter’s-road, Leicester. 1895 Dosson, H. T., Ivy House, Acacia Grove, New Malden, S.0., Surrey. 1903 Dotuman, J. C., Hove House, Newton-grove, Bedford-park, W. 1891 1885 1873 1845 1899 1884 1867 1900 1894 1883 1890 1865 1902 1886 1884 1900 1900 1886 1903 1878 1886 1903 1899 1890 1900 1861 1886 1889 1898 1878 1900 1874 1886 1900 1898 ( xiii ) DonistHoRPE, Horace St. John K., F.Z.S., 58, Kensington-mansions, South Kensington, S.W. Donovan, Major Charles, M.D., R.A.M.C., c/o Messrs. P, Macfadyen & Co., Winchester House, Old Broad-street, E.C. Dorta, Marchese Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa. Dovatas, John Wm., 61, Craven Park, Harlesden, N.W. Drewitt, Frederic G. Dawtrey, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.ZS., 14, Palace Gardens-terrace, Kensington, W. Druce, Hamilton H. C. J., F.Z.S., 43, Circus-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S8., 43, Circus-road, St. John’s Wood, NCW: Drory, W. D., Rocquaine, West Hill Park, Woking. DupcGeon, G. C., Holia, Kangra Valley, P.O. Palimpur, Punjab, India. Durrant, John Hartley, The Cottage, Merton Hall, Thetford. Eastwoop, John Edmund, Enton Lodge, Witley, Godalming. Eaton, The Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A., Woodlands, Seaton, Devon. EpDEtstEN, Hubert M., The Elms, Forty Hill, Enfield, Middlesex. Epwarps, James, Colesborne, Cheltenham. Epwarps, Stanley, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 15, St. Germans-place, Black- heath, S.E. Extiort, E. A., 41, Holland Park, W. Exuis, H. Willoughby, Knowle, Birmingham. Ettis, John W., M.B., L.R.C.P., 18, Rodney-street, Liverpool. ELTRINGHAM, Harry, Eastgarth, Westoe, South Shields. Etwes, Henry John, J.P., F.RS. F.LS., F.Z.S., Colesborne, Cheltenham. Enock, Frederick, F.L.S., 13, Tufnell Park-road, Holloway, N. ETHERIDGE, Robert, Curator, Australian Museum, Sydney, N.S.W. FaRMBOROUGH, Percy W., F.Z.S., Lower Edmonton, N. Farn, Albert Brydges, Mount Nod, Greenhithe, Kent ; and Medical Department, Local Government Board, Whitehall, S.W. Fettuam, H. L. L., P. 0. Box, 46, Johannesburg, Transvaal. FENN, Charles, Hversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, 8.E, Fenwick, Nicolas Percival, 7’e Gables, New-road, Esher. FERNALD, Prof. C. H., Amherst, Mass., U.S.A. Finer, F. E., 122, Stockwell Park-road, Brixton, 8.W. Finzi, John A., 53, Hamilton-terrace, N.W. Firts, J. Digby, F.L.S., Boys’ Modern School, Leeds. Fitcu, Edward A., F.L.S., Brick House, Maldon. Fircu, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park, N. FLeMyNnG, The Rev. W. Westropp, M.A., Coolfin, Portlaw, Co. Waterford. FLetcaer, T. B., R.N., St. Catherines, Salishbury-road, Wimbledon. (bake )) 1883 + FLetcHer, William Holland B., M.A., Aldwick Manor, Bognor. 1885 FoxKeEr, A. J. F., Zierikzee, Zeeland, Netherlands. 1900 FouxnKss, P. Hedworth, B.Sc., Harper-Adams Agricultiral College, Newport, Salop. 1898 Fountaine, Miss Margaret, 7, Lansdowne-place, Bath. 1880 FowtrerR, The Rey. Canon, M.A., D.Sc, F.LS., Rotherfield Peppard Rectory, Henley-on-Thames. 1883. FREEMAN, Francis Ford, Abbotsfield, Tavistock. 1896 FREKE, Percy Evans, Southpoint, Limes-road, Folkestone. 1888 FRemutn, H. Stuart, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Mereworth, Maidstone. 1903 FReNcH, Charles, F.L.S., Government Entomologist, Victoria, Australia. 1891 FRowawk, F. W., Rose Cottage, Hockley, S.O., Essex. 1855 Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Vhornhill House, Dulwich Wood Park, Norwood, 8.E. 1900° Fryer, H. Fortescue, The Priory, Chatteris, Cambs. 1884 Funnier, The Rev. Alfred, M.A., The Lodge, 7, Sydenham-hill, Sydenham, S.E. 1898 Fuiier, Claude, Government Entomologist, Pietermaritzburg, Natal. 1887 GanHan, Charles Joseph, M.A., Whyola, Lonsdale-road, Bedford Park, W.; and British Museum (Natural History), Cromovell- road, S.W. 1892 GarRDE, Philip de la, R.N., H.M.S. “ Pegasus,” Mediterranean. 1890 GarRDNER, John, 6, Friars-gate, Hartlepool. 1901 | GARDNER, Willoughby, F.L.S., Deganwy, N. Wales. 1899 GAYNER, Francis, 20, Q@ueen-square, W.C. 1899 GeELDART, William Martin, M.A., Trinity College, Oxford. 1902 GiLLaNDERS, A. T., Park Cottage, Alnwick. 1865 | GopMan, Frederick Du Cane, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., South Lodge, Lower Beeding, Horsham; 7, Carlos-place, Grosvenor- square; and 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W. 1890 GonLpruwalrt, Oliver C., 5, Queen’s-road, South Norwood, S.E. 1886 f GoopRicH, Captain Arthur Mainwaring, Lennox Lodge, Malvern Link, Malvern. 1898 Gorpon, J. G. McH., Corsemalzie, Whauphill, R.S.O., Wigtownshire. 1898 Gorpon, R. 8. G. McH., Corsemalzie, Whauphill, R.S.O., Wigtown- shire. 1855 GoruaMm, The Rev. Henry Stephen, F.Z.8., The Chestnuts, Shirley Warren, Southampton. 1874 Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., Secretary, The Avenue, Surbiton-hill, Surrey. 1886 GREEN, A. P., c/o 8. Green, Esq., 1, Gordon-place, Kensington, W. 1891 | GreEN, E. Ernest, Government Entomologist, Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon. 1850 GREENE, The Rey. Joseph, M.A., Rostrevor, Clifton, Bristol. 1898 GREENSHIELDS, Alexander, 38, Blenheim-gardens, Willesden, N.W. 1899 ( xv ) GreEeNwoop, Edgar, Bellevue, Riffel-road, Willesden Green, N.W. 1893 + Gremnwoop, Henry Powys, F.L.S., Sandhill Lodge, Fordingbridge, 1888 1894 1900 1869 1899 1897 Salisbury. GriFFitus, G. C., F.Z.S., 48, Caledonian-place, Clifton, Bristol. GrimsHaw, Percy H., Natural History Department, Museum of Science and Art, Edinburgh. Groom, Prof. Perey, M.A., F.L.S., Royal Indian Engineering College, Cooper's Hill, Staines. GrosE-SmitH, Henley, J.P., B.A., F.Z.8.,5, Bryanston-square, Hyde Park, W. GunninG, Montague, Narborough, Leicester. Haaug, Henry, 2, First-place, Brooklyn, U.S.A. 1890 + Haut, A. E., Norbury, Pitsmoor, Sheffield. 1885 1898 1891 1891 1903 Hat, Thomas William, Stanhope, The Crescent, Croydon, Hamuyn- Harris, R., D.Se., F.Z.8., F.R.M.S., Toowoomba Grammar School, Queensland, Australia. Hampson, Sir George Francis, Bart., B.A., F.Z.S., 62, Stanhope- gardens, S.W. Hansury, Frederick J., F.L.8., Stainforth House, Upper Clapton, N.E. Hare, E. J., 8, Hillsborough-road, East Dulwich, 8.E. 1897 | Harrison, Albert, F.LS., F.C.8., Delamere, Grove-road, South 1889 1892 1881 1903 1898 1888 Woodford, Essex. Harrison, John, 7, Gawlber-road, Burnsley. HeApD.Ly, Charles Burnard, Two Elms, Alewandra-road, Stoneygate, Leicester. Henry, George, 38, Wellington-square, Hastings. Herron, William, Horticultural College, Swanley, Kent. Heron, Francis A., B.A., British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell-road, 8.W. Hiaes, Martin Stanger, F.C.S., F.G.8., Mine Office, Venterskroon, Transvaal. 1876 | Hittman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes. 1888 1902 1887 1898 1897 1901 Hopson, The Rev. J. H., B.A., B.D., Harefield, Ansdell-road, Lythum. Hor, R. 8., Indian Forest Service, c/o Messrs. King, King and Co., Bombay. Houianpd, The Rev. W. J., D.D., Ph.D., 5th Avenue, Pittsburg, ent. OS. Al. Hotman-Hunt, C. B., Aneimandi Esp., Munaar, P.O., Travancore, S. India. Horne, Arthur, 58, Gladstone-place, Aberdeen. Hopson, Montagu F., L.D.S., R.C.S.Eng., F.L.S., 30, Thurlow-road, Rosslyn Hill, N.W. 1876 | Horniman, Fredk. John, M.P., F.LS., F.Z.S., &e., Surrey Mount, Forest Hill, S.E. 1903 Hovuenton, J. T., 1, Portland-place, Worksop. (xvi. a) 1900 Howes, George H., Box 180, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1865 Hupp, A. E., Clinton, Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol. 1888 Hupson, George Vernon, The Post Office, Wellington, New Zealand, 1902. Hurron, Captain Frederick W., F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand. 1897 ImaceE, Selwyn, M.A., 20, Fifzroy-street, Fitzroy-square, W. 1893 Irpy, Lieutenant-Colonel Leonard Howard Loyd, F.L.S., F.ZS., 14, Cornwall-terrace, Regent's Park, N.W. 1891 IsaBELL, The Rey. John, Sunnycroft, St. Sennen, R.S.O., Cornwall. 1886 Jacopy, Martin, 7, Hemstall-road, West Hampstead, N.W. 1869 Janson, Oliver E., Cestria, Claremont-road, Highgate, N.; and 44, Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C. 1898 Janson, Oliver J., Cestria, Claremont-road, Highgate, N. 1886 JENNER, James Herbert Augustus, 209, School Hill, Lewes. 1899 Jenntnes, F. B., 152, Silver-street, Upper Edmonton, N. 1886 Joun, Evan, Llantrisant, R S.O., Glamorganshire. 1889 Jounson, The Rev. W. F., M.A., Acton Rectory, Poyntz Pass, Co. Armagh. 1888 Jonss, Albert H., Shrublands, Eltham. 1894 + Jorpan, Dr. K., The Museum, Tring. 1902 Joy, Norman H., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Bradfield, Reading. 1884 Kane, W. F. de Vismes, M.A., M.R.I.A., Drumleaske House, Monaghan. 1884 Kappet, A. W., F.L.S., Hilden, 18, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick, W. 1876 F Kay, John Dunning, Leeds. 1896 | Kaye, William James, Caracas, Ditton Hill, Surbiton. 1884 Keays, Lovell. 1902 Kemp, Stanley W., Trinity College, Dublin. 1890 Kenrick, G. H., Whetstone, Somerset-road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. 1898 KerrsHaw,J.A., Morton Banks, Lewisham-road, Windsor, Melbourne Victoria. 1901 KerrsHaw, John C. W., c/o F. W. Styan, Esq., Shanghai, China. 1900 Keys, James H., Morwell, Freedom-villas, Lipson-road, Plymouth. 1889 Kune, J. J. F. X., Lecturer on Economie Entomology at the West of Scotland Agricultural College, 1, Athole Gardens-terrace, Kelvin- side, Glasgow. 1861 Kuirsy, William F., F.L.S., Wilden, 18, Sutton Court-road, Chiswick,W. 1893 KirRKALDY, George Willis, Board of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1889 KLAPALEK, Professor Franz, Karlin 263, Prague, Bohemia. 1887 + KLEIN, Sydney T., F.L.S.,F.R.A.S., Hatherlow, Raglan-road, Reigate. 1876 Kraatz, Dr. G., 28, Link-strasse, Berlin. 1901 Lane, E. W., Parkholme, 40, Fletching-road, Clapton, N.E. 1868 Lane, Colonel A. M., R.E., Box Grove Lodge, Guildford, ( xvii ) 1960 Lane, The Rev. H. C., M.D., All Saints’ Vicarage, Southend-on-Sea, 1901 Laruy, Percy I., Lynton Villa, Sydney-road, Enfield. 1895 Larter, Oswald H., M.A., Charterhouse, Godalming. 1899 Lea, Arthur M., Government Entomologist, Hobart, Tasmania. 1900 Lerroy, H. Maxwell, B.A., Court, Crondall, Hants. 1901 Leicu, George F., corner of Sydenham and Essenwood-roads, Durban, Natal. 1883 LeMmany, Fredk. Charles, Blackfriars House, Plymouth. 1892 Lesuiez, J. H., Bryn Glas, 33, Streathbourne-road, Upper Tooting, S.W. 1898 LetupripcEe, Ambrose G., Knowle, Dunster, Taunton. 1903 Levert, The Rev. Thomas Prinsep, Frenchgate, Richmond, Yorks. 1898 Lewis, E. J., F.L.8., Hadingford, Yalding, Kent. 1876 Lewis, George, F.L.S., 87, Frant-road, Tunbridge Wells. 1902 Lewis, J. H., Ophir, Otago, New Zealand. 1892 Liearroot, R. M., Bree-st., Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. 1903 Lirrier, Frank M., Althorne, High-street, Launceston, Tasmania. 1865 | LuEwetyy, Sir John Talbot Dillwyn, Bart, M.A. F.LS., Penllergare, Swansea. 1881 + Luoyp, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome, Bognor. 1885 + Luoyp, Robert Wylie, St. Cuthberts, Thurleigh-road, Balham, S.W. 1903 LorrHousg, Thomas Ashton, The Croft, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough. - 1899 Lounsspury, Charles P., B.Sc., Government Entomologist, Cape Town, S. Africa. 1894 Lows, The Rev. Frank E., M.A., St. Stephen’s Vicarage, Guernsey. 1893 Lower, Oswald B., St. Oswald’s, Bartley-crescent, Wayville, South Australia. 1901 Lower, Rupert 8., Bantley Crescent, Wayville, South Australia. 1898 Lucas, William John, B.A., 28, Knights Park, Kingston-on- Thames. 1880 Lupron, Henry, Lyndhurst, North Grange-road, Headingley, Leeds. 1903 Lyett, G., Junr., Gisborne, Victoria, Australia. 1901 Lyman, Henry H., M.A., F.R.G.S., 74, McTavish-street, Montreal, Canada. 1902 Macponatp, George B. Douglas, M.B. 1887 M‘Doveatt, James Thomas, Dunolly, Morden-road, Blackheath, S.E. 1901 McGrecor, T. M., 48, Glasgow-road, Perth. 1888 Mackinnon, P. W., Lynndale, Mussoorie, N.W.P., India. 1900 Macxkwoop, The Hon. F. M., M.L.C., Colombo, Ceylon. 1858 McLacuuan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.S8., F.Z.S., TREASURER, Westview, 23, Clarendon-road, Lewisham, S.E. i898 Mappison, T., South Bailey, Durham. 1899 + Mary, Hugh, B.Sc., Almondale, Buckingham-road, South Woodford, N.E. 1887 ManpeErs, Major Neville, R.A.M.C., c/o Sir Charles McGrigor, Bart., and Co., 25, Charles-street, St. James’s-square, S.W. 1892 Manssripex, William, 27, Elmbank-road, Sefton-park, Liverpool. 1894 + MarsHatt, Alick, Auchinraith, Bexley, S.O., Kent. ; ( xvii) 1895 MarsHatt, G. A. K., P.O. Box 149, Salisbury, Mashonaland, S. Africa. 1896 MarsHat., P., M.A., B.Sc, F.G.S., University School of Mines, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1856 + MarsHA.L, William, Auchinraith, Bexley, S.O., Kent. 1897 Martineau, Alfred H., Solihull, Birmingham. 1895 Massy, Herbert, Zvy-Lea, Burnage, Withington, Manchester. 1865 Maruew, Gervase F., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Paymaster-in-chief, R.N., Lee House, Dovercourt, Harwich. 1887 MatrHews, Coryndon, Stentaway, Plymstock, Plymouth. 1899 May, Harry Haden, 6, Citadel Terrace, Plymouth. 1872 + Metpoua, Professor Raphael, F.R.S., F.C.S., 6, Brunswick- square, W.C. 1885 Metviti, James Cosmo, M.A., F.L.S., 36, George-street, Manchester. 1887 MERRIFIELD, Frederic, 24, Vernon-terrace, Brighton. 1888 Meyer-Darcts, G., c/o Sogin and Meyer, Wohlen, Switzerland. 1880 Meyrick, Edward, B.A., F.Z.S., Elmswood, Marlborough. 1894 Murat, Professor Louis Compton, F.R.S., 1, Richmond Mount, Headingley, Leeds. 1883 Miss, W. H., The New Club, Calcutta. 1896 Moserty, J. C., M.A., 9, Rockstone-place, Southampton. 1879 Monrerro, Dr. Antonio Augusto de Carvalho, 70, Rua do Alecrinar, Lisbon. 1902 Monteomery, Arthur Meadows, 83, Osborne-road, Forest Gate, E. 1853 Moors, Frederic, D.Sc., A.L.S., F.Z.S., 17, Maple-road, Penge, S.E. 1899 Moors, Harry, 12, Lower-road, Rotherhithe. 1886 Morean, A. C. F., F.LS., 24, Leinster-square, W. 1889 | Morice, The Rev. F. D., M.A., Fellow of Queen’s College, Oxford, VicE-PRESIDENT, Brunswick, Mount Hermon, Woking. 1895 + Morey, Claude, Jpswich. 1893 Morroyn, Kenneth J., 13, Blackford-road, Edinburgh. 1900 Moser, Julius, 90, Bulow-strasse, Berlin. 1882 Mostey, 8. L., Beaumont Park, Huddersfield. 1898 Mousey, H., Burnfoot, Buxton. 1901 Murr, Frederick, EH. and 8S. African Telegraph Co., Mozambique. 1869 + Méiuer, Albert, F.R.G.S., c/o Herr A. Miiller-Mechel, Gren- zacherstrasse, 60, Basle, Switzerland. 1872 + Murray, Lieut.-Col. H., 43, Cromwell Houses, Cromwell-road, S.W. 1903 Neavg, 8. A., B.A., Magdalen College, Oxford. 1896 NesHAwm, Robert, Utrecht House, Queen’s-road, Clapham Park, S.W. 1889 Nervinson, Basil George, M.A., F.ZS., 3, Tedworth-square, Chelsea, S.W. 1901 Nevinson, E.G.B., 5, Bentinck-terruce, Regent’s Park, N.W. 1890 Newstead, R., The Museum, Chester. 1900 NicHox1, Mrs. M. Dela B., Merthyr Mawr, Bridgend, Glamorganshire. 1886 NicHotson, William E., School Hill, Lewes. (pcb 1) 1893 NonrrieD, A. F., Rakonitz, Bohemia. 1886 Norris, Herbert E., 15, Market-place, Cirencester. 1878 Norrrmes, Thomas, Ashford, Kent. 1895 Nurse, Major C. G., Indian Staff Corps, Quetta, Baluchistan, India. 1869 OpsrrtHiir, Charles, Rennes (Ille et Vilaine), France. 1877 OsertHir, René, Rennes (Ille et Vilaine), France. 1893 + OcLE, Bertram S., Steeple Aston, Oafordshire. 1893. Outver, John Baxter, Elmleigh, Elm-row, Hampstead, N.W. 1873 Ouivier, Ernest, Ramillons, prés Moulins (Allier), France. 1895 Pacx, Herbert E., Bertrose, Gellatly-road, St. Catherine’s Park, 5.E. -1898 PauuisER, H. G., Holmwood, Addlestone, Surrey. 1901 Prat, Henry Woolner, Indian Museum, Calcutta. 1883 PséRINGUEY, Louis, South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa. 1903 + Perkins, R. C. L., B.A., Board of Agriculture, Division of Ento- mology, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1879 PrRKINS, Vincent Robt., Wotton-under- Edge. 1900 Pures, The Rev. W. J. Leigh, 7'he Cottage, Parkwood-road, Tavistock. 1897 Purnies, Hubert C., M.R.C.S., M. and L.8.A., 262, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde-park, W. 1903 Parutrs, Montagu A., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., 22, Petherton-road, Canon- bury, N. ; 1901 Pickert, C. P., 99, Dawlish-road, Leyton, Essex. 1891 Prerce, Frank Nelson, 1, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool. 1901 Prrrarp, Albert, Felden, Bowmoor, Hemel Hempstead. 1903 PrincuER, Colonel Jesse George, I.M.S., F.R.C.S., 133, Gloucester- road, Kensington, W. 1885 Pott, J. R. H. Neerwort van de, Drishergen, Netherlands. 1870 + Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.S., Mayfield, Edgerton, Huddersfield. 1884 + Poutton, Professor Edward B., M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S., Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford, PRESIDENT, Wykeham House, Banbury-road, Oxford. 1851 Preston, The Rev. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.8., Thurcaston Rectory, Leicester. 1878 Prick, David, 48, West-street, Horsham. 1893 Prout, Louis Beethoven, 246, Richmond-road, Dalston, N.E. 1898 QuatiL, Ambrose, 15, Stamford-hiil, N. 1900 Ratnsow, William J., The Australian Museum, Sydiey, NS.W. 1874 Reep, E. C., Director del Museo de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. 1900 Retp, Percy Charles, Feering Bury, Kelvedon, Essex. 1893 Rep, Captain Savile G., late R.E., Zhe Elms, Yalding, Maidstone, 1891 Rerp, William, St. Andrews-road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa. 1898 Re.toy, R. H., c/o Perkins and Co., Ltd., Brisbane, Queensland. (==) 1890 RENDLESHAM, The Right Honble. Lord, Rendlesham Hall, Wood- bridge. 1898 Reuter, Professor Enzio, Helsingfors, Finland. 1894 Rriprne, William Steer, B.A., M.D., Buckerell Lodge, Honiton. 1853 Ripon, The Most Honble. the Marquis of, K.G., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., ete., 9, Chelsea Embankment, S.W. 1892 Roprnson, Sydney C., Goldsmiths’ Hall, F.C. 1869 + Roprnson-Dovueras, William Douglas, M.A., F.LS.,. F.R.G.S., Orchardton, Castle Douglas. 1899 Rosson, John Emmerson, 15, Northgate, Hartlepool. 1886 Ross, Arthur J., 37, Church Crescent, Muswell Hill, N. 1868 Rotrunery, George Alexander James, Pembury, Tudor-road, Upper Norwood, 8.E. 1894 + Rorascainp, The Honble. Nathaniel Charles, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 148, Piccadilly, W. ; and Tring Park, Tring. 1888 + Roruscuitp, The Honble. Walter, D.Sc., M.P., F.LS., F.Z.8,, 148, Piccadilly, W.; and Tring Park, Tring. 1890 RovutiepeGE, G. B., Tarn Lodge, Heads Nook, Carlisle. 1887 RownaNnp-Brown, Henry, M.A., Secretary, Oxhey-grove, Harrow Weald. 1903 Rowtanps, Osbert William, Lickey Grange, nr. Bromsgrove. 1898 RussEtL, A., The Limes, Southend, Catford, 8.E. 1892 RussEtt, 8. G. C., 19, Lombard-street, E.C. 1899 Rywes, William E., B.A., 11, Waverley Mount, Nottingham. 1865 + SaunpERS, Edward, F.R.S.,F.L.8.,S4 Ain’s, Mount Hermon, Woking. 1861 | SaunpERS, G. S., F.LS., 20, Dents-road, Wandsworth Common, S.W. 1886 SaunpERs, Prof. Wm., Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. 1901 ScwHaus, W., F.Z.8S., Trentham House, Twickenham. 1881 Scoxnutck, A. J., The Hazels, Babington-road, Streatham. 1864 SempER, George, Klopstock-strasse 23, Altona, Hlbe, Germany. 1862 SwHarp, David, M.A., M.B., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Hawthorndene, Hills-road, Cambridge ; and University Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge. 1902 SHarp, W. E., 9, Queen’s-road, South Norwood, S.E. 1883 SHaw, A. Eland, M.R.C.S., Overdale, Laxey, Isle of Man. 1901 SHELFORD, R., M.A., C.M.Z.S., The Musewm, Sarawak, Borneo. 1883 + SHELLEY, Capt. George Ernest, F.G.S., F.Z.S., 39, Eyerton-gardens, S.W. 1900 + SHEPHEARD-Watwyy, H. W., M.A., Dalwhinnie, Kenley, Surrey. 1887 SricuH, Alfred, Corney House, Chiswick, W. 1901 SxkertcuHty, Ethelbert Forbes, c/o ‘Penang Gazette, Penang, Straits Settlements. 1902 SLapEN, Frederick William Lambart, 2, Sydney-road, Walmer, Deal. 1902 Storer, Gerard Orby, Westrop House, Highworth, Wilts. 1901 1901 1895 1898 1885 1897 1889 1898 1890 1897 1898 1889 1896 1900 1895 1903 1882 1884 1894 1876 1893 1892 1903 1901 1892 1897 (xx) Situ, Arthur, 16, Hdward-street, Grimsby. Smitu, W. G., Rosebank, Brecknock-road, Knowle, Bristol. Samira, W. W., Ashburton, Canterbury, New Zealand. Sopp, Erasmus John Burgess, F.R.Met.S., 104, Liverpool-road, Birkdale, Lancashire. SourtH, Richard, 96, Drakefield-road, Upper Tooting, 8.W. SparKE, E. G. J., B.A., 1, Christchurch-Villas, Tooting Bec-road, S.W. STANDEN, Richard 8., F.L.S., Townlands, Lindfield, Sussex. Srares, C. L. B., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., The Infirmary, Wandsworth, S.W. Srearns, A. E., 99, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde-park, W. Sreppine, E. P., Indian Forest Service, c/o King, Hamilton and Co., Calcutta. STEBBING, Henry, 134, Westbowrne-grove, W. Srraton, C. R., F.R.C.S., West Lodge, Wilton, Salisbury. STRICKLAND, T. A. Gerald, 21, Kensington Gate, W. Strupp, BE. A. C., Downton, near Salisbury. Stupp, E. F., M.A., B.C.L., Oxton, Exeter. Swag, Harold, M.B., Arawa House, Rotorua, New Zealand. Swanzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks. SWINHOE, Colonel Charles, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 7, Gloucester Walk, Kensington, W. SwinHog, Ernest, 37, Addison-gardens, Kensington, W. Swinton, A. H., c/o General Callender, Vineyard, Totnes. Tayior, Charles B., Rae-street, Rae Town, Kingston, Jamaica. Taytor, The Rev. George W., F.R.S. (Canada), St. Mutthew’s Rectory, Wellington, British Columbia. Taytor, Thomas Harold, M.A., Yorkshire College, Leeds. THompson, Matthew Lawson, 2, Thornclitf Villas, Saltburn-by-the- Sea. THoRNLEY, The Rev. A., M.A., F.L.S., South Leverton Vicarage, Lincoln. Tomuin, B., M.A., Estyn, Chester. 1859 + TrimEN, Roland, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., 26, Campden-grove, Campden 1895 1897 1898 1893 1894 1886 1893 Hill, Kensington, W. TuUNALEY, Henry, 30, Pairmont-road, Brixton Hill, S.W. TunstaLL, Wilmot, Brook House, Meltham, Huddersfield. Turner, A. J., M.D., Wickham Terrace, Brisbaue, Australia. TuRNER, Henry Jerome, 98, Drakefell-road, St. Catherine's Park, Hatcham, 8.E. TuRNER, Thomas, Cullompton, Devon. Turt, James W., Rayleigh Villa, Westcomble Hill, S.E. Uric, Frederick William, Port of Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies. 1900 1866 1897 1895 1901 1899 1897 1870 1878 (= xxii") Urwick, W. F., 34, Great Tower-street, E.C. VERRALL, George Henry, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket. Vice, William A., M.B., 19, Belvoir-street, Leicester. WacHER, Sidney, F.R.C.S., Dane John, Canterbury. WappinetTon, John, Park Holme, Harehill-avenue, Leeds. Wane, Albert, 20, Frenchwood-street, Preston, Lancashire. WatxwricGat, Colbran J., 57, Handsworth Wood-road, Handsworth, Birmingham. Watker, The Rev. Francis Augustus, D.D., F.L.S., Dun Mallard, Cricklewood, N.W. WALKER, James J., R.N., F.LS., c/o Admiralty, Whitehall, S.W. 1863 , Wattace, Alfred Russel, D.C.L., Oxon., F.R.S., F.LS., F.Z.S., Broadstone, Wimborne, Dorset. 1866 | WaLsINGHAM, The Right Honble. Lord, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.LS., 1886 1869 1901 1900 1893 F.Z.S., High Steward of the University of Cambridge, . Merton Hall, Thetford ; and 66a, Eaton-square, S.W. WaRREN, Win, M.A., 61, Wilton-avenue, Chiswick-lane, W. WatTERHOUSE, Charles O., Ingleside, Avenue-gardens, Acten, W. ; and British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell-road, S.W. WATERHOUSE, Gustavus A., B.Se., F.C.S., Royal Mint, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Watkins, C. J., King’s Mill House, Painswick, Stroud, Gloucester- shire. Wess, John Cooper, 218, Upland-road, Dulwich, S.E. 1876 | WESTERN, E. Young, 36, Lancaster Gute, Hyde Park, W. 1886 1884 1903 1896 1894 1894 1900 1881 1901 1899 1891 1888 1892 WHEELER, Francis D., M.A., LL.D., Paragon House School, Norwich. Wuire, William, 75, Thurlow Park-road, West Dulwich, S.E. Wicetns, Clare A., M.R.CS., Kiswmu, Lake Victoria Nyanza, British East Africa. WILeMay, A. E., c/o H.B.M.’s Consul, Kobe, Japan. WILson, Edwin, Mill-lane, Cambridge. Wottey-Dop, F. H., Millarville P. 0., Alberta, N.W.T., Canada. Woop, H., The Old Grammar School, Ashford, Kent. Woon, The Rev. Theodore, The Vicarage, Lyford-road, Wandsworth Common, S.W. WoopForDkE, F. C., Market Drayton. Woo ttey, H. 8., 7, Park-row, Greenwich, S.E.; and P. 0. Box 1047, Waterbury, Conn., U.S.A. Wrovueuton, R. C., Inspector General of Forests, Indian Forest Service, c/o Army and Navy Co-operative Society, Ltd., 105, Victoria-street, S.W. Yersury, Colonel John W., late R.A., F.Z.S., Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall, 8.W. Youpa.e, William Henry, F.R.M.S., Daltonleigh, Cockermouth. (Texte *) ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY DuRING THE YEAR 1903. AvSsTEN (E. E.). A Monograph of the Tsetse-flies. Svo, London, 1903. [Published by the Trustees of the British Museum. ] By Exchange. Banxs (Nathan). A List of Spiders collected in Arizona by Messrs. Schwarz and Barber during the Summer of 1901. [Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXV.] The Smithsonian Institution. BarGacwi (P.). Adolfo Targioni-Tozzeti (Obituary notice of). [Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1902. ] The Society. Barrett (C. G.). The Lepidoptera of the British Islands. Vol. VIII. 8vo, London, 1902. The Publishers. BETHUNE-BakER (G. T.). A Revision of the Amblypodia Group of Butter- flies of the Family Lycaenidae. [Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., Vol. XVI, Part I, 1903.] The Author. Borxeat (H.). Notes sur quelques Lucanides. [Soc. Ent. Belg., Mém. ix, 1902.] By Exchange. BouskeEtt (F.). Three Weeks in South Kerry, June 1902. [Irish Naturalist., Vol. XII, 1903.] H. St. J. Donisthorpe. Burr (Malcolm). Orthoptera. [Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum.] 4to, Bruxelles, 1903. The Author. CatvEert (P. P.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. ] CaMBRIDGE (F. O. Pickard). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali- Americana. | CARPENTER © a ). Injurious Insects observed in Ireland during the Year (Roy. Dublin Soc., Economic Proc. 1902. ] By Exchange. CaupDELt (A. N.). Notes on Orthoptera from Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, He Texas, with descriptions of new species. [Proc. U. 8. N. Mus., Vol. XXVI.] 8vo, Washington, 1903. The Phasmidz or Walking-sticks of the United States. [Proc. U. S. N. Mus. eV ol. XXVI .] 8vo, Washington, 1901. The Smithsonian Institution. Cuampron (G.C.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. ] Coqurttett (D. W.). New Diptera from North America. [Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXV.] (ayy) Distant (W. L.). Insecta Transvaaliensia. Parts I—IV. 4to, London, 1900—1903. Purchased. Dyar (H. G.). List of North American Lepidoptera, and Key to the Literature of this order of Insects. [Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 52.] 8vo, Washington, 1902. The Author. Descriptions of the Larve of some Moths from Colorado. [Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXV.] The Sinithsonian Institution. FarrMaire (L.). Coléoptéres. d H [Histoire Naturelle de la France, 8° partie.] S8vo, Paris, 1902. The Editors. Fisker (W. F.). The Parasites of the American Tent Caterpillar. [N. Hampshire Coll. Agric. Exp. Stn. Techn. Bull. 6. 1903. | The Author. Forpes (8. A.). Report (22nd) of the State Entomologist on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of the State of Illinois. S8vo, Champaign, 1903. The Author. Foret (A.). Les Formicides de l’Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. (Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc., Vol. XIV. | Fourmis nouvelles d’ Australie. [Revue Suisse Zool.] 8vo, Genéve, 1902. Faune Myrmécologique des Noyers dans le Canton de Vaud. Svo, Lausanne, 1903. Recherches biologiques récentes de Malle Adéle Fielde sur les Fourmis. (Bull. Soc. Vaud Sc. Nat., XX XIX, 146.] 8vo, Lausanne, 1903. Mélanges Entomologiques, biologiques et autres. [Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, T. XLVII.] 8vo, Bruxelles, 1903. Les Fourmis des iles Andamans et Nicobares. [Rev. Suisse Zool., Tome II.] 8vo, Genéve, 1903. ‘ The Author. Fow er (W. W.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. | Gopman (F. Ducane). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Parts CLXXVI— CLXXX. The Editor. Arachnida Araneidea, by F. O. Pickard, Cambridge. Diplopoda Araneidea, by R. I. Pocock. Insecta, by P. P. Calvert, G. C. Champion, W. W. Fowler, F. M. van der Wulp, and 8. W. Williston. Guturikz (J. E.). The Collembola of Minnesota. 8vo, Minneapolis, 1903. The Editor. Hasert (J. N.). [See Jounson (W. F.).] Hampson (Sir George, Bt.). Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalzenz in the British Museum, Vol. IV. Text and Plates. 8vo, London, 1903. By Exchange. Herz (Otto). Verzeichniss der auf der Mammuth Expedition gesammelten Lepidopteren. [Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp., T. VIII.] 8vo, St. Petersburg, 1903. The Author. Hinps (W. E.). Contributions to a Monograph of the Insects of the Order Thysanoptera inhabiting North America. [Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX VT. ] The Smithsonian Institution. Hine (J. 8.). Tabanidze of Ohio. [Ohio Acad. Sci., Sp. Papers, No. 5.] 8vo, Columbus, 1903. The Author, (Sexxy) ‘*Hopre Reports,” edited by Prof. E. B. Poulton, Vol. III, 1902. 8vo, Oxford, 1903. edited by Prof. E. B. Poulton, Vol. IV, 1900—03. 8vo, Oxford, 19038. The Editor. Hovusert (C.). Les insectes ennemis des livres. 8vo, Paris, 1903. The Author. ILtipGk (R.) and Quarn (A.). Australian Wood-boring Cosside. ie Roy. Soc. Queensland, 1903. | The Authors. Inns (A. D.). Clunio bicolor, Kieff ; marine Chironomid New to the Fauna of Great Britain. ['Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., Vol. XVII.] 8vo, Liverpool, 1903. The Author. Jacoby (M.). Descriptions of the New Genera and Species of Phytophagovs Coleoptera obtained by Messrs. Andrews and Bell from the Nilgiri Hills and Kanara. [Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, T. XLVII, 1903. ] Coleoptera Phytophaga. [Wytsman’s Gen. Insectorum.] 4to, Bruxelles, 1903. Phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Prof. Sjéstedt in the Camer- oons. [Ark, Zool. Bd. I., K. Svenska Vet. Akad. ] The Author. Jounson (W. W.) and Harperr (J. N.). <A List of the Beetles of Ireland. [Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., 3 Ser., Vol. VI, No. 4.] 8vo, Dublin, 1902. The Authors. Jorvan (Karl). [See Roruscui~p (Hon. Walter). ] Kirpy (W, F.). A Handbook to the Order Lepidoptera, Vols. I—IV. [Allen’s Naturalists’ Library.] 8vo, London, 1894—97. Purchased. LAMEERE (A.). Edmond de Selys Longchamps (Obituary notice). Révision des Prionides. [Soc. Ent. Belge. Mém., IX, 1903. ] By Exchange. Lorruovuse (T. A.). Cleveland Lepidoptera in 1901. [Proc. Cleveland Naturalists’ Field Club, 1901.] The Author. Marcuar (P.). Les Tarsonemus des Graminées, [Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1902. ] Le Parasitisme des Jnostemma. [Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1902. Rapport sur la Tenthréde de Ja Rave. [Ann. Ministére de ’Agric., 1902.] The Author. Mayor (A.G.)._ Effects of Natural Selection and Race-Tendency upon the Color-Patterns of Lepidoptera. { Bull. Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sci., 1902. ] The Institute. Morpivitxo (A.). Zur Biologie und Morphologie der Pflanzenliuse (Fam. Aphididx, Pass.) (Entirely in Russian.) 8vo, St. Petersburg, 1901. I’, Merrifield. Morey (Claude). The Ichneumons of Great Britain. 8vo, Plymouth, ‘ Purchased. NrEDHAM (James G.). A genealogic Study of Dragon-fly wing Venation. (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. NOX V Ee] The Smithsonian Institution. NewstkEab (Robert). Monograph of the Coccids of the British Isles, Vol. II. [Ray Society.] 8vo, 1903. Purchased. ( xxvi ) OsTEN-SackEN (C. R.). Record of My Life Work in Entomology. Svo, Cambridge, Mass., 1903. The Author. Packarp (A. 8.). Obituary Notice of Alpheus Hyatt. [Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, 1902. ] Hints on the Classification of the Arthropoda; the Group a Polyphylitic one. [Proe. Am. Philos. Soe., Vol. XIII, No. 173, 1903. ] The Author. Perincuey (L.). Descriptive Catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa. Fam. Scarabzeide. [Trans. 8. African Phil. Soc., Vol. XII.] 8vo, London, 1902. The Author. Perkins (R. C. L.). The Leaf-Hopper of the Sugar Cane. 8vo, Honolulu, 1903. The Author. Pocock (R. I.). [See Gopman (F. D.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. | Quart (A.). [See IttipGe (R.).] Ropztanko (W. N.). Some Observations on Parmene rediella, Clerck. (Tortricina, Lepidoptera.) Svo, Moscow, 1903. The Author. RoruscHiLD (Hon. Walter) and JorDaAn (Karl), A Revision of the Lepido- pterous Family Sphingidz, 2 Vols., 8vo, London, 1903. [Novitates Zoologicae, Vol. IX, Supplement. The Hon, Walter Rothschild, Saussure (Henri de). Analecta Entomologica II. Notice sur la tribu des Eumastaciens. [Rev. Suisse Zool., T. II.] 8vo, Genéve, 1903. The Author. 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It deals with the groups Halticinze and Galerucine. HALTICINE. Haltica malvernensis, sp. 0. Metallic green with brassy reflection, the basal three joints of the antenne more or less fulvous, thorax impunctate, the basal sulcus sinuate, extending to the sides, elytra strongly and closely punctured in semiregular rows, the interstices slightly rugose, tibise rather broad and deeply sulcate. Length 4 millim. Of a brassy green colour, the head impunctate, the frontal tuber- cles very strongly raised, the carina very narrow, acutely raised and elongate, labrum and palpi blackish, antenne extending rather beyond the middle of the elytra, black, the lower three joints more or less fulvous, the basal joint stained with w#neous above, third joint one-half shorter than the fourth ; thorax about one-half broader than long, distinctly narrowed anteriorly, the sides very feebly TRANS. ENT. SOC, LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 1 2 Mr. M. Jacoby on rounded, the anterior angles thickened, obtuse, the dise convex and shining, impunctate, the basal sulcus sinuate, not foveolate at the sides but extending to the latter and placed at a proportionately broad distance from the basal margin, scutellum blackish ; elytra with very closely approached irregular rows of distinct punctures which are getting smaller towards the apex, the interstices, especially at the sides, rather uneven with some faint traces of longitudinal costee below the shoulders, the latter prominent, the tibize of the male rather strongly widened anteriorly and suleate, the male organ slender, slightly narrowed at the middle, the anterior margin nearly truncate, with a small central point, the upper surface suleate at each side near the apex. Hab. Malvern, NATAL (C. Barker) ; also Sedhion, WEST AFRICA (C. Alluand). The general colour of this species, of which I have eight specimens before me, is not blue as is mostly the case in this genus, but a brassy green, and the punctuation of the elytra is proportionately strong and very close, and the tibize (at least in the male) are more dilated and more strongly sulcate than is usually the case, they may almost be called triangularly compressed. Haltica pyritosa, Krichs. It is at present almost impossible to refer with certainty any of the numerous species of Haltica from different parts of Africa which are before me, to Erichson’s species without the type for comparison ; I look, however, upon specimens from Mozambique, Zambesi R., Mashonaland, and West Africa as representing Erichson’s species. ‘The author gives the colour as “neous”; all the specimens before me are cupreous above, and the elytral punctuation is comparatively strong and arranged in nearly regular and closely- approached rows; the “male organ does not differ from that of several other closely- -allied or perhaps identical species, but all the specimens from the above localities are decidedly of more elongate and_ parallel shape than those from South Africa before me, and I am able to separate them also by the sculpturing of the elytra. Haltica cuprea, Jac. This species was described by me in the Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1895, founded on specimens of entirely African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 3 cupreous colour above, and in which the elytral punctu- ation is extremely fine and irregular as_ well as close; numerous specimens since received from Natal differ in having the thorax of a bright metallic brassy colour, but I am unable to find any other differences of importance, nor in that of the male organ; the latter is elongate and parallel, the apex rounded with a small projecting point at the middle, the upper surface below the anterior cavity is finely transversely wrinkled ; the size of the insects differs rather considerably, some being much larger than others, but all are more oblong and convex than the species I refer to H. pyritosa. Haltica cyanicollis, Jac. The description of this species was published at the same time and in the same Journal as the preceding one, but whether the insect is really specifically distinct or only represents a local form I am unable to say, The size is larger than the largest specimens of HH. cuprea, the thorax is metallic blue or greenish, and the basal sulcus is placed at a longer distance from the basal margin than is the case in the allied species; other differences consist in the strongly-punctured space in front of the eyes and the more distinctly-punctured elytra. Dibolia thoraciea, sp. n. Black, the basal joints of the antenne and the legs fulvous, head and thorax dark greenish, minutely transversely wrinkled, elytra dark bluish, microscopically punctured, posterior femora black at the apex. Leneth 23-3 millim. Head greenish, minutely granulate or wrinkled, eyes elongate, occupying the entire sides of the head, frontal elevations absent, clypeus broad, antennze not extending to the middle of the elytra, the lower fou joints flavous, the others black, basal joint elongate, the following three nearly equal, terminal joints short; thorax nearly three times broader than long, the sides obliquely narrowed anteriorly, the anterior angles thickened, the entire surface covered with very fine transverse wrinkles, greenish, basal margin broadly and evenly rounded, scutellum small, black ; elytra strongly convex, evenly rounded and widened towards the middle, bluish, with some extremely fine punctures, only visible under a strong lens, legs flavous, the apex of the posterior femora black, posterior tibie 4 Mr. M. Jacoby on widened near the apex and strongly sulcate with a broad emarginate spur. Hab. Frere, NATAL. The colour of the thorax which differs from that of the elytra, and the peculiar finely-wrinkled surface form the principal characteristic characters of this species, of which two exactly similar specimens are contamed m my collection. Dibolia abdominalis, sp. n. Piceous below, the basal joints of the antennze and the abdomen more or less testaceous, above obscure ceneous, eyes closely approached, upper surface finely or scarcely perceptibly punctured, the tibize and tarsi obscure flavons. Length 3 millim. Ovate and very convex, the head impunctate, greenish-zneous, the eyes very large and closely approached at the vertex, the inter- mediate space smaller than their diameter, antennz flavous, the apical joints darker, second and third joint short, equal, the fourth the longest ; thorax very short, three times broader than long, the sides straight, the anterior angles thickened, the median lobe somewhat pointed, the disc minutely transversely wrinkled, without punctures, elytra very convex, widened towards the middle, minutely punctured and obsoletely longitudinally sulcate, legs flavous, the posterior femora and the breast piceous, abdomen partly flavous. Hab, Grahamstown and Dunbrody, S. Arrica (Rev. O Neil). The punctuation in this species seems to vary from extreme fineness to absence of punctures, but I am not able to separate the specimens on account of any other differences ; in most of them, the elytral punctuation is very fine and closely placed, but in one specimen no trace of punctures can be seen and the interstices are obsoletely sulcate; in all, the eyes are approached at the vertex (in one, probably the male, much more closely so), but the space separating them gradually widens. Dibolia bimaculata, Jac. (Proc. Zool, Soc., 1900). Whether this species is identical with D. maculata, Har. (Coleopter. Hefte, xvi. p. 232), or a variety of it I am not able to say without seeing the type, but Harold describes - African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 5 the insect as obscure zwneous with the elytra blue pos- teriorly only, and with the interstices of the elytral punc- tured striz likewise punctured. In D. bimaculata the first five joints of the antenne (not four) are flavous, the entire upper surface is metallic-blue, and the elytra are punctured in closely-approached rows of rather irregular shape without extra punctures in the interstices. In other respects Harold’s description is too short and gives no other details. Dibolia affinis, sp. n. Blackish-blue, the antennae and legs black, thorax closely and sirongly punctured, elytra very finely punctate-striate, each with a large fulvous spot near the apex. Length 3 millim. Of elongate, subcylindrical shape, the head finely and sparingly punctured, dark blue, eyes widely s2parated, the intermediate space with a transverse groove, antenne black, the second, third and fourth joints of nearly equal length, fifth slightly longer, four terminal joints thickened ; thorax very strongly transverse, the sides rounded, narrowly margined, the disc strongly, evenly and closely punc- tured, the interstices slightly aciculate ; scutellum smooth ; elytra subeylindrical, slightly narrowed posteriorly, finely punctate-striate, the strie not very distinct, and irregular, each elytren with a bright fulvous, nearly round spot near the apex ; legs black, the tibial spur fulvous. Hab. Bothaville, ORANGE FREE STATE (Dr. Brauns). Again closely allied in coloration to the preceding species but differing in its larger size, the entirely. black antenne and legs, the strong punctuation of the thorax and the impunctate elytral interstices. I received a_ single ‘specimen from Dr. Brauns in 8. Africa. espera maculicollis, sp. 0. Pale testaceous, finely pubescent, antennz fuscous, thorax finely rugosely punctured, the sides with a fuscous stripe, elytra microsco- pically punctured, the lateral inargins narrowly piceous, the breast, the apex of the posterior femora and the posterior tibia and tarsi piceous. Length 2-3 millim. Head finely rugose, obscure fulvous, frontal tubercles distinet but rather flat, antenne extending beyond the apex of the elytra, fuscous, the base of each joint pale, second joint small, third shorter than 6 Mr. M. Jacoby on the fourth, rather widened as well as the following three joints, terminal joints more elongate and slender; thorax nearly twice as broad as long, the sides straight, the surface rather depressed, very obsoletely transversely suleate at the middle, finely punctured and pubescent, rather darker than tbe elytra, the sides with a narrow fuscous stripe, scutellum piceous ; elytra pale testaceous, clothed with pale fulvous pubescence, the interstices minutely punctured, the lateral margins narrowly black, this colour however not quite extending to the apex ; legs rather slender, tibize mucronate, the metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following joints together, claws appendiculate, anterior cavities open. Hab. Malvern, Natat (C. Barker). In the specimen, which I look upon as the female, the antennz are more slender, without widened intermediate joints, and the general size of the insect is larger. Hespera pallida, sp. ua. Pale testaceous, the antenne fuscous, the base of each joint pale, upper surface pubescent, thorax transverse, minutely punctured and wrinkled, elytra extremely finely punctured. Length 3 millim. Head scarcely perceptibly punctured, frontal tubercles small and obsolete, antenne extending beyond the apex of the elytra, fuscous, the base of each joint pale, the third joint slightly shorter than the fourth, all the rest elongate and slender ; thorax twice as broad as long, the sides straight, the anterior angles slightly tuberculate, the surface minutely punctured and wrinkled and finely pubescent ; elytra with a shallow depression below the base, sculptured like the thorax, under-side and the legs pale flavous, Hab, Grahamstown, Pt. Alfred, S. AFRICA (Licv. O'Neil). This species scarcely differs from the preceding in any other point except the coloration, in having no black markings of any kind; there are, however, four specimens before me which all agree with each other, and it is there- fore unlikely that the insect is only a pale variety of HZ. maculicollis. Lutornus picturatus, sp. 0. Black, thorax testaceous, with several small black spots, strongly and remotely punctured, elytra very closely and finely punetured, black, a round spot near the scutellum, a transverse band at the middle, another semicircular band near the apex and the Jateral margins, testaceous, African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 7 Length 5-6 millim. Head strongly punctured near the eyes, black, shining, with a deep, concave groove between the eyes, clypeus very broad, convex, antennee short, black, the second and fourth joint small and equal, the third elongate, the others transversely widened ; thorax more than twice as broad as long, the sides feebly rounded, broadly flattened, the anterior angles thickened but not produced, basal margin sinuate, preceded by a shallow transverse sulcus, the surface irregularly and rather deeply punctured, testaceous, with two small black spots at the middle near the anterior margin ; another more indistinct spot is placed at the sides near the base; scutellum black ; elytra very closely and distinctly punctured, the black colour interrupted by a round spot near the scutellum, a transverse regular band at the middle not quite extending to the suture and another V-shaped band near the apex of each elytron, under-side and the legs black, posterior femora strongly widened, their tibizee with a small tooth near the apex, claw joint strongly inflated, apical segments of the abdomen and the prosternum more or less testaceous. Hab. Salisbury, MASHONALAND (G. Marshall). Longitarsus barkert, sp. 0. Apterous, ovate, black, shining, the antenne, the anterior and intermediate legs and the posterior tibiee and tarsi flavous, thorax impunetate, elytra very finely punctate-striate anteriorly, the punctures obsolete near the apex. Length 2 millim. Head impunctate, the frontal elevations small and transverse, bounded by a straight groove behind, the carina acute, antennze extending beyond the middle of the elytra, flavous, the terminal joints slightly fuscous at their apex, basal joint thick and sub- eylindrical, the following three of equal length, fifth joint much longer, apical ones slightly thickened ; thorax subquadrate, the sides straight, the anterior angles strongly oblique, forming a slight tubercle before the middle, the dise rather convex, impunctate, black, shining, scutellum strongly transverse ; elytra ovate, convex, distinctly widened at the middle, the apex of each rounded, the punctuation very fine and arranged in irregular rows anteriorly, irregular and scarcely per- ceptible near the apex ; under-side and the posterior femora black, the rest of the legs flavous, metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following joints together. Hab. Malvern, Nata (C. Barker). Smaller than Z. nigritula, the antenne entirely flavous, 8 Mr. M. Jacoby on the head differently sculptured, and the elytra more distinctly punctured in rows. Longitarsus apricupes, sp. 0. Apterous, ovate, convex, black, the basal joints of the antenna, the apex of the tibize and the tarsi, fulvous, thorax impunctate, elytra strongly punctured in irregular double rows. Length 2 millim. Head inipunctate, black, shining, obliquely grooved above the eyes, frontal elevations indistinct, carina long and distinct, antennz rather short, the lower five or six joints flavous, the rest black, the basal joint black above, the second and the following two joints equal in length, the fifth, longer ; thorax transversely subquadrate, convex, the sides straight, the anterior angles oblique, the surface impunetate ; elytra gradually rounded and widened towards the apex, strongly convex, the shoulders not prominent, the punctuation comparatively strong, arranged in irregular double rows which get gradually finer towards the apex, the lateral margins accompanied by a distinct single row of punctures, under-side and the legs black, the extreme apex of the tibia and the ta‘si fulvous, the metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following joints together, Hab, Dunbrody, Cape CoLony (Rev. O' Nei/). The shape of this species differs from many others of this genus in the posteriorly-widened elytra, which attain the greatest width at the apex instead of the middle; the sculpture of the same parts and the colour of the legs are other distinguishing features of this species. Longitarsus dunbrodensis, sp. 0. Apterous, elongate and narrow, dark greenish-neous, the basal joints of the antennw, the base of the femora and the tibice and tarsi fulvous, head and thorax minutely granulate and punctured, elytra truncate at the apex, sculptured like the thorax. Length 2 millim. Head rather broad, without any frontal elevations, dark greenish, lower portion of the face obscure fulvous, antennee extending beyond the middle of the elytra, the lower six joints fulvous, the others black, the second and third joint equal in length, the terminal joints distinctly thickened, subquadrate ; thorax scarcely one-half broader than long, subquadrate, the sides straight, or nearly so, the anterior angles slightly obliquely thickened, the dise rather flat, extremely minutely and closely punctured, not very shining, seutellum broad, African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 9 bluish black, impunctate, elytra slightly widened towards the middle, the apex of each almost truncate, the punctuation similar to that of the thorax ; posterior femora eeneous at the apex, the base fulvous as well as the other legs and the posterior tibize, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the following joints together. Hab. Dunbrody, CAPE CoLony (Lev, O'Nei/). This species is of a more peculiar shape and depressed appearance than any of its allies from the same country ; the absence of any frontal tubercles, the extremely fine punctuation of the upper surface, the truncate elytra and comparatively short metatarsus will assist further in its recognition. Aphihona barkert, sp. 1. Ovate, black, thorax transverse, closely punctured, elytva very closely, strongly and irregularly punctate, posterior femora short and very thick, their tibice with a strong spur. Length 3 millim. Head broad, nearly impunetate, shining, the frontal elevations broadly transverse, bounded behind by deep grooves, the carina short, antenne extending beyond the middle of the elytra, black, the second and third joint short, more or less flavous, the fourth and fifth as long as the preceding two joints together, the following slightly shorter ; thorax transversely subquadrate, twice as broad as long, the sides feebly rounded, the anterior angles thickened and somewhat oblique, the posterior ones rather obtuse, the sides with a narrow margin, the surface rather convex, closely and strongly punctured, the punctures irregularly placed, somewhat more closely at the sides than at the middle, scutellum broad, triangular, im- punctate, elytra much wider at the base than the thorax, much more strongly and more closely punctured than the latter, under-side and the legs black, the posterior femora strongly thickened, ovate, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the following two joints together. Hab. Malvern, NATAL (C. Barker) This species is well distinguished by its entirely deep black and shining colour and the strong and close elytral punctuation; the structural characters all agree with Aphthona; the anterior tibie have a very small spine, the claws are appendiculate and the anterior coxal cavities are open; the prosternum is very narrow. Iam not able to say anything with regard to the male organ as I seem to have only female specimens before me. 10 Mr. M. Jacoby on Aphthona similis, sp. n. Black, shining, the lower four joints of the antennz flavous, thorax transverse, finely and sub-remotely punctured, elytra more strongly punctured in closely approximate rows. Length 3 millim. Head impunetate, shining, black, the frontal tubercles obliquely transverse, the carina acutely raised, antennae extending to about the middle of the elytra, black, the second to the sixth joint flavous, the second and third joints short, equal, terminal joints slightly thickened and shortened ; thorax twice as broad as long, with the sides feebly rounded, the anterior angles thickened and slightly obliquely produced, and the surface very distinctly but not very closely punctured; scutellum broad, impunctate, elytra scarcely more strongly punctured than the thorax, the punctures arranged in closely approxi- mate rows, distinct to the apex, under-side and the legs black, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the following three joints together. Hab. Malvern, Nata (C. Barker). At first sight this species exactly resembles A. barkeri, but it is quite «distinct, the thorax has not the narrow Jateral margin of the allied species, and the sculpturing of the upper parts is different and much less strong, the antenne have the second and the following five joints flavous, and the metatarsus of the posterior legs is elongate. I have received three specimens from Mr. Barker. Aphthona senegalensis, sp. n. Flavous, shining, the apical joints of the antenne and the posterior femora piceous, head and thorax impuncetate, the sides of the latter straight, elytra not perceptibly punctured. Length 33 millim. Of broadly ovate shape, the head impunctate, the frontal tubercles small but broad, deeply grooved behind, the clypeus very broad, the space between the antennze but little constricted, the labrum and palpi obscure piceous, antennae not extending to the middle of the elytra, piceous, the lower four joints flavous, third and fourth joints equal, not much longer than the second one, the apical joints slightly thicker and scarcely shorter, thorax about one-half broader than long, the sides straight, the anterior angles oblique, the surface impunctate with an obsolete longitudinal groove near the lateral margins, elytra smooth and impunctate, flavous, under-side of the latter colour, the posterior femora piceous, their tibize strongly widened African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 11 towards the apex, with a strong spur placed at the outer edge, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the following three joints together ; abdomen finely pubescent. Hab. SENEGAL. A comparatively robust and large species, distinguished by the straight lateral margins of the thorax and the impunetate upper surface; the prosternum is extremely n-rrow, and the legs with the exception of the posterior femora are of entirely flavous colour, Aphthona bimaculata, sp. n. Head and the under-side obscure piceous, the basal joints of the antenne and the thorax pale fulvous, the latter finely punctured, elytra pale flavous, very closely and distinctly punciured, the suture, the sides and an elongate spot below the middle, piceous. Length 3 millim. Head impunctate, the vertex nearly black, the lower portion fulvous, frontal tubercles obsolete, clypeus thickened, very broad at the base, pale fulvous, antennse short, not extending to the middle of the elytra, black, the lower four joints fulvous, the second joint thicker but not-shorter than the third one, terminal joints slightly thickened, about one-half longer than broad ; thorax transverse, twice as broad as long, the sides very feebly rounded, anterior angles slightly oblique, the dise with a very obsolete transverse groove near the base, remotely and finely punctured, the punctures rather shallow, the surface pale fulvous, stained with some very obsolete darker spots, scutellum piceous ; elytra pale flavous, very closely and finely punctured with an obsolete short longitudinal costa below the shoulders, the suture and lateral margins narrowly piceous, each elytron with another short piceous longitudinal stripe below the middle, under-side and the posterior femora piceous, tibiee and tarsi fulvous, the first named widened towards the apex, armed with a distinct spine ; the spine of the posterior tibize is placed at_the outer margin ; prosternum narrow, coxal cavities open. Hab. Malvern, Nata (C. Barker). It will not be difficult to distinguish this proportionately large and well-marked species, of ‘which I received a single specimen from Mr. Barker. Podagrica vmpressipennis, sp. 0. Ovately rounded, very convex, black, the basal joints of the antenne, the head, thorax and legs fulvous, thorax transverse, impunctate, elytra extremely finely and irregularly punctured with 12 Mr. M. Jacoby on a short transverse depression below the shoulders impressed with some deeper punctures. Length 45 millim. Of the shape of a species of Sphaeroderma ; the head impunctate, with a transverse groove between the eyes, frontal elevations small, clypeus rather widened between the antenne, palpi thickened, the apical joint conical, antennie filiform, the lower six and part of the seventh joint pale fulvous, the rest black, second and third joint short, equal, the following elongate ; thorax twice as broad as long, the sides straight at the base, rounded from the middle to the apex, the anterior angles blunt, the median lobe of the posterior margin nearly straight at the middle, each side of the same margin provided with a small notch, the surface entirely impunetate, reddish-fulvous, seutellum black, elytra wider at the base than the thorax, strongly convex, finely punctured in irregular rows, with a short but deep transverse depression below the shoulders within which the com- mencement of deeper rows of punctures are placed, apex of the elytra nearly impunctate, legs rather robust, fulvous, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the following two joints together, anterior coxal cavities closed, prosternum elongate and narrow. Hab. Malvern, NATAL (C. Barker). This species has entirely the shape and coloration of P. indica, Fab., but differs in the short second and third joints of the antenne and the deeply punctured elytral depression. I received a single specimen from Mr. Barker; another one in my collection has only the first four joints of the antennze fulvous but agrees in all other respects. Crepidodera carinipennis, Sp. 1. Fulvous, the outer joints of the antennie black, thorax with very deep and broad suleus, finely punctured, elytra very closely and rather strongly punctate-striate, metallic dark green, with an acute ridve from the shoulders downwards. Mus. Antenne long and robust, the basal joint strongly thickened. Fem. Antenne shorter and thinner. Var. Thorax and elytra dark blue. Length 4 millim. Elongate and parallel, the head finely wrinkled at the vertex, the frontal elevations very strongly raised, subquadrate, clypeus triangu- larly raised, antennie black, the lower four joints fulvons, the basal joint strongly thickened and subquadrate in the male insect, fourth African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 15 joint very slightly longer than the third ; thorax one-half broader than long, the sides straight, the anterior angles obliquely thickened and produced outwards, the surface convex, finely and sparingly punctured, the basal sulcus very broad, bounded at the sides by an acute, sightly-curved ridge, the suleus with some deeper punctures anteriorly, scutellum black; elytra wider at the base than the thorax, the base slightly raised, the disc very closely punctured in rows, bluish green, the shoulders prominent and joined by an acute ridge which extends nearly to the apex ; this ridge is preceded by a more feebly raised one near the apex, and the space between the outer ridge and the lateral margin is concave ; legs robust, fulvous, all the femora thickened, the intermediate tibiw dilated at the apex. Hab. Drakensberg, Nata (@. Marshall); Malvern, NATAL (C. Barker). This is rather an aberrant species, the male of which resembles much in shape and colour the Central American genus Plectotetra especially in the structure of the antenne. The sculpturing of the elytra will at once distinguish the species. The single specimen sent by Mr. Barker only differs in the entirely blue upper surface and the less strongly developed elytral costze. Crepidodera marshall, sp. n. Obscure piceous below, the basal joints of the antenna, the head (the vertex excepted) thorax and the legs fulvous, elytra very strongly and closely punctate-striate, metallic green. Length 3 millim. Head rather elongate, impunctate, the vertex metallic green, frontal elevations broad and strongly raised, carina acute, antenne extending beyond the middle of the elytra, black, the lower four joints fulvons, the third joint one-half longer than the second one ; thorax scarcely twice as broad as long, rather convex, the sidesrounded, narrowly margined, anterior angles thickened, the base with a deep transverse groove which does not extend to the lateral margins, the entire surface impunctate, scutellum black; elytra slightly wider at the base than the thorax, the shoulders rather prominent, the base slightly raised, the punctuation very strong and closely arranged in not very regular double rows here and there, finer at the apex, legs and the extreme apex of the abdomen more or less fulvous ; posterior tibia with a small spine ; prosternum rather narrow Hab. Drakensberg, Nata (G. Marshall). 14 Mr. M. Jacoby on The general coloration of this little species agrees with that of many of its allies, but the metallic-green vertex of the head and the strong and close elytral punctuation distinguish the species from any of its African congeners. Crepidodera uniforms, sp. 0. Flavous, the apical joint of the antenne infuscate, thorax trans- verse, impunctate, the basal sulcus deep, elytra strongly punctate- striate, the interstices finely punctured, flavous, the sutural margin narrowly obscure piceous. Length 35 millim. Head impunctate, of darker colour than the re-t of the upper surface, obliquely grooved between the eyes, without any frontal tubercles, the clypeus broad and flat, impunctate, antennee about half the length of the body, flavous, the apical joint fuscous, the second one about one-half shorter than the third, terminal joints slightly thickened ; thorax twice as broad as long, narrower in front than at the base, the sides rounded, the angles distinct but not produced, the surface impunctate, with a deep transverse sulcus at the base, bounded at the sides by a perpendicular groove which extends upwards a little way beyond the sulcus, scutellum triangular, flavous ; elytra not wider at the base than the thorax, rather strongly punctate-striate, the punctures much finer at the apex, the interstices extremely finely punctate, only visible under a strong lens, the sutural margins narrowly piceous, under-side and the legs flavous, the metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following three joints together. Hab. Malvern, Nata (C. Barker’). I have received two specimens of this species which will be easily recognized by the general flavous coloration, the dark elytral suture, and the absence of any frontal elevations. Lypnea africana, sp. n. Elongate, flavous, the outer joints of the antenne and the tibia and tarsi black, thorax transverse, nearly impunctate, the base with a transverse sulcus, elytra finely punctate-striate, Length 5 millim. Head impunctate, the frontal elevations nearly contiguous, trans- verse, antenne filiform, black, the lower two joints flavous, third joint one-half longer than the second one, terminal joint more slender and elongate ; thorax about one-half broader than long, the sides very feebly rounded, the anterior angles oblique, the base with African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 15 a shallow transverse sulcus, bounded at the sides by a short perpen- dicular groove, the surface with a few minute punctures, shining, flavous ; elytra slightly wider at the shoulders than the thorax, elongate, subcylindrical and parallel, finely punctate-striate, the interstices flat and impunctate ; under-side and the femora flavous, antertor and intermediate tibise unarmed, posterior ones with a minute tooth, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the following joints together, claws appendiculate, anterior coxal cavities open. Hab. Umtali, MASHONALAND (G. Marshall). I can find no characters of any importance to separate this species generically from Baly’s Eastern genus Lypnea, with which it has not only the structural characters in common but also the coloration, except that of the tibiz and tarsi; the elytral punctuation also is very fine, not strong. Poéphila, Weise, differs in_ the finely pubescent eyes, ‘the quadrate thorax, and the shape of its sulcus and in the longer metatarsus; the present is the first African representative of this genus, Livolia, gen, n. Body narrowly elongate, glabrous, head broad, the frontal tubercles obsolete, eyes small, antennie filiform, the terminal joints slightly thickened, thorax subquadrate, constricted at the base, the surface with a transverse groove near the base, extending to the lateral margins, elytra wider at the base than the thorax, punctate-striate, posterior femora very moderately thickened, their tibiae with a small spine, the metatarsus scarcely as long as the following two joints together, claws appendiculate, prosternum narrow between the coxee, the anterior cotyloid cavities closed. This genus is proposed for a very small species of Halticide, having the appearance of a species of Corticaria and affinities with Crepidodera; the very obsolete frontal tubercles of the head, the thoracic sulcus which is placed close to the basal margin and extends to the sides, as well as the but slightly thickened posterior femora and un- armed anterior tibiz separate the genus from the last- named one and those allied to it; it seems a transitional form between the Halticine and Galerucine. Livolia sulcicollis, sp. n. Fulvous, the breast and abdomen black, thorax strongly and 16 Mr. M. Jacoby on remotely punctured, elytra finely punctate-striate, the interstices impunctate. Length 2 millim. Head broad, impunctate, fulvous, shining, the eyes small, widely separated, clypeus wide at the base, palpi thin and slender, antenne half the length of the insect, fulvous, the basal joint strongly and suddenly thickened at the apex, the second joint longer than the third, the latter and the fourth equal, the terminal joints thickened, thorax about one-third broader than long, the sides rounded and widened at the middle, the base distinctly narrower than the anterior portion, the angles acute, the basal suleus narrow but deep, the dise rather convex, strongly but remotely punctured, scutellum broad, impunetate ; elytra wider at the base than the thorax, rather depressed, finely punctate-striate, the punctures closely placed, elytral epipleure broad ; under-side black, legs fulvous, tibize shghtly widened towards the apex, non-sulcate, the four anterior femora searcely less widened than the posterior ones, the first joint of the anterior tarsi of the male, dilated. Hab. Salisbury, MASHONALAND (G, Marshall). I have received three specimens of this curious little species from Mr. Marshall. Weiseana barkert, sp. 0. Under-side nearly black, upper-side obscure testaceous, finely pube- scent, terminal joints of the antenne and the head fuscous or piceous, thorax with three piceous spots (more or less connected), elytra opaque, narrowly margined with black, legs testaceous, tarsi piceous. Length 33-4 millim. Head rugose, the vertex blackish, the clypeus strongly triangularly convex, flavous, labrum piceous, margined with testaceous, antennze robust, blackish, the lower three or four joints testaceous at the base, third joint slightly longer than the fourth, the folowing joints thickened ; thorax rather more than twice as broad as long, the sides nearly straight, the angles obtuse, the disc with three obsolete depressions, rugosely punctured, the interstices minutely granulate, the surface with a central marking and two lateral black markings, sometimes connected in shape of /\ ; scutellum fuscous; elytra clothed with very fine silky pubescence, opaque, very finely transversely wrinkled, without distinct punctuation, obscure testaceous, the sutural and lateral margins narrowly black ; legs testaceous, the femora stained with fuscous as well as the apex of the tibiz and the tarsi, claws with a basal tooth. African Phytophagous Coleoptera. iki Hab. Malvern, Natau (C. Barker). I received four specimens from Mr, Barker. GALERUCIN A. Genus Diacantha, Chev. I cannot agree with Weise in his definition of this and the allied genera (Deutsche Ent. Zeitsch. 1901, p. 274). He has evidently overlooked the type D. bispinosa, Oliv. Chevrolat in his diagnosis of the genus in D’Orbigny, Dict. Univ. d’Hist. Naturelle, p. 718, iv, quotes 12 species mentioned by Dejean in his catalogue. These are—D. picea, Fab.; spinosa, Oliv.; (bispinosa) festiva, Dalm. ; unifasciata, Oliv.; 11 punctata, De}. ; Dreget (6 pustulata = tricincta, Chev.) ; fuscitarsis, gloriosa, testudinaria, De}. ; unipunctata, Chev., et generosa, De}. Of all these only D. bispinosa and D. dreger belong to Dacantha as defined by Chapuis, and the first named must undoubtedly be taken for the type. In this species the claws are bifid and the male has two elytral tubercles at the base; most of the other species named above belong to entirely different genera, thus picea is the genus Stenoplatys, Baly, 11 punctata, De}j., is an Awlacophora, ete. Harold gives D. bidentuta, Fab., as the type of the genus Diacantha, but as this is not one of the species mentioned either by Chevrolat or Dejean, it cannot be looked upon as the type. Chapuis was therefore perfectly right when he established the genus Hyperacantha, in which the claws are appendiculate, and his genus must be accepted. Weise has not said which species he looks upon as the type, and has not mentioned the only true Diacantha of Chevrolat’s list D. bispinosa. A typical specimen of this species is contained in the British Museum, and J am indebted to Mr. Gahan for his examination of the specim:n and the other details given above concerning the genus. Hyperacantha bituberculata, Fab. According to Mr. Gahan the specimen contained in the British Museum is certainly the typical bitwberculata, Fab., and ramed so by Dejean himself and also by Chevrolat. Weise expresses a doubt that I had this species before me when I remarked on it in Novitates, 1894, and gives the last abdominal segment of the 2 with three deep TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903. PARTI. (APRIL) 2 , 18 Mr. M. Jacoby on incisions; this is a mistake, as in HZ. bitwherculata this part is ce very slizhtly concave, and Weise’s insect must represent another species. In the British Museum speci- men the elytral fulvous margin is only just visible. Hyperacantha abdominalis, Duy., C. Rend. Belg. Entom. Soc. (1891, July). Hyperacantha abdominalis, Jac., the Entomologist (1891, May). On account of my name having the priority of two months, I alter that of Duvivier’s to H. duvivieri. Hyperacantha abdominalis, Jac. In the Entomologist for 1891, I have described this species from specimens obtained at the Transvaal and other localities in Africa. The typical form has a reddish fulvous upper surface, the elytra are narrowly margined with black, and have a transverse black band at the middle, the under-side is black with the exception of the flavous last segment. I have lately received other specimens from the Umkomaas Mountains in Natal, obtained by Mr. Guy Marshall, which Iam quite unable to separate from the type structurally, although one specimen only resembles it in the coloration of the upper surface ; in this specimen, however, the under-side is entirely flavous; the others represent the following varieties. Var. (a) Elytra margined with black at the anterior half only, the transverse band narrower, not extending to the suture, under- side flavous, general size much smaller. Var. (b) Elytra with a small black stripe at the lateral margins from the base to the shoulders and a small spot at the middle of each elytron, under-side and the femora black. Var. (c) Upper- and under-sides entirely flavous. In all these varieties the tibia have the apex black and the tarsi are entirely of that colour as is the case in the type. The insect seems to be subject to a very great amount of variation in regard to colour and also to size; the general shape is broadly ovate and convex. I cannot find any differences in the antenne or the sculpture. Hyperacantha apicipes, sp. 0. Broadly oblong, testaceous, the antennie (the basal joints excepted) the breast, the apex of the tibie and the tarsi black, thorax strongly African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 19 transverse and sulcate, impunctate, elytra finely and closely punc- tured, black. Length 6 millim. Of broadly ovate and convex shape, the head impunctate, testace- ous, strongly transversely grooved between the eyes, the carina narrowly acute, palpi piceous, antenne slender, the third and following joints elongate and nearly equal, terminal joints more slender, the basal two testaceous, the rest, black ; thorax twice as broad as long, the sides nearly straight, the anterior angles slightly produced outwards but blunt, the disc impunctate, with a deep and straight transverse sulcus near the middle, pale testaceous, scutellum black ; elytra very convex, widened towards the middle, extremely finely and rather closely punctured, black and shining ; under-side and the legs testaceous, the breast, the apex of the tibice and the tarsi ‘black, the tibize all mucronate, the claws appendiculate ; the last abdominal segment of the male trilobate, the median lobe with a deep fovea. Hab, Ulundi, Navan (@, Marshall). A species of broadly ovate shape of which I received two specimens, one of which showing traces of paler spots on the elytra, probably due to immaturity. Hyperacantha militaris, sp. n. Testaceous or fulvous, the terminal joints of the antennie, the apex of the tibie and the tarsi black, thorax transverse, impunctate, deeply sulcate at the sides, elytra impunctate, with basal depression, black, the basal third portion fulvous. Length 6 millim. Head impunctate, the vertex fulvous, the lower portion generally paler in colour, frontal elevations transverse, carina acute, antenne black, the lower three joints more or less testaceous, the third joint slightly longer than the fourth ; thorax twice as broad as long, the sides feebly rounded anteriorly, slightly constricted at the base, the dise impunctate, with a rather deep transverse sulcus at each side, scutellum fulvous or testaceous, elytra widened posteriorly, the lateral margins flattened and widened below the shoulders, the base with a distinct transverse depression, fulvous or testaceous, this colour occupying the basal third portion, the rest of the surface black ; under-side, the femora and the base of the tibize testaceous, their lower portion and the tarsi black, the latter appendiculate, all the tibize mucronate. Hiab. Dar es Salaam, East Arrica; also ZANZIBAR and DELAGOA Bay. 20 Mr. M. Jacoby on This is one of the smaller species which is well dis- tinguished by its coloration ; in some specimens, however, the black elytral portion includes a larger or smaller spot or space of the fulvous ground-colour; in the male, the last abdominal segment has the median lobe of transversely subquadrate and flattened shape. Luperodes nigrotibialis, sp. 0. Oblong, very convex, the antenna, tibia and tarsi and the under- side black, upperside testaceous, thorax subquadrate, impunctate like the elytra. Length 5 millim. Head impunctate, pale fulvous, shining, frontal tubercles strongly raised, trigonate, carina broad, convex, labrum black, antennae ex- tending below the middle of the elytra, black, the base of each joint more or less fulvous, second one one-third lower than the third, the latter about half the length of the fourth joint ; thorax scarcely broader than long, convex, the sides sightly rounded before the middle, the anterior angles thickened, the surface entirely im- punctate, testaceous; elytra scarcely wider at the base than the thorax, very slightly widened below the middle, impunctate, their epipleure continued below the middle ; under-side black, the femora flavous, tibize with a long spine, black like the tarsi, the metatarsus of the posterior legs rather longer than the following joints together, anterior coxal cavities open. Hab. Grahamstown, 8. AFrrica (Rev. O'Neil). Of less than half the size of Z. sulphuripennis, Jac., and with black antenne tibiz and tarsi, but otherwise similar to the last-named species. Luperus dunbrodyensis, sp. 0. Narrowly elongate, subdepressed, flavous, thorax subquadrate, nearly impunctate, elytra extremely minutely punctured, rather flattened. Length 24-3 millim. Head impunctate, the vertex more or less obscure piceous, shining, frontal tubercles strongly raised, transverse, carina small but distinct, antennie entirely flavous, extending below the middle of the elytra, the third joint one-half longer than the second one ; thorax one- half broader than long, the sides slightly rounded at the middle, with a very narrow margin, anterior angles slightly thickened, not produced, the disc only perceptibly punctured when seen under a African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 21 strong lens, the sides with an obsolete fovea, scutellum flavous ; elytra somewhat flattened, very finely but distinctly punctured, the suture slightly infuscate, legs flavous, all the tibive mucronate, the metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following joints together, Hab. Dunbrody, CAPE CoLony (fev. O'Nei/). Of this species I received a male and female specimen from the Rev. O'Neil, taken “in cop.” ; the first-named sex is smaller than the female, the under-side is stained with piceous, and the last segment of the abdomen is rather deeply suicate. The species is very closely allied to Z, weiser, Jac., and LZ. verticalis, Jac., but differs from both in being of narrower, smaller, and more depressed shape, and in the entirely flavous antennz ; the sides of the thorax in L. weiset are also more strongly constricted at the base, and the disc is more convex and without any depressions. Luperus tugelaensis, sp. D. Black, the antennee very long, their basal three joints, the thorax and the anterior legs, flavous, thorax impunctate, elytra minutely punctured, flavous, narrowly margined with black. Length 4 millim. Narrow and elongate, the head black, impunctate, the clypeus, labrum and the palpi flavous, frontal elevations strongly raised, broad, antennie extending to the apex of the elytra, black, the lower three joints and the apex of the fourth and fifth joint flavous, the third longer than the second but much shorter than the fourth joint ; thorax scarcely broader than long, the sides straight at the base, slightly rounded before the middle, the angles distinct, the surface impunctate, flavous, scutelluin black ; elytra slightly wider at the base than the thorax, very finely and closely punctured, margined with black, the suture more broadly so ; under-side and the legs black, the anterior ones flavous, all the tibie mucronate, the metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following joints together. Hab. Upper Tugela, Nata (C. Barker). Of this distinctly-marked species I received a single specimen (4) of Mr. C. Barker; the protruding apex “of the penis is straight and acutely pointed. Luperus malvernensis, sp. n. Below black, above testaceous, clypeus, thorax and the femora flavous, antenne piceous, thorax subquadrate, with a shallow lateral yap Mr. M. Jacoby on fovea, minutely punctured, elytra very closely and finely punctured, the suture narrowly fuscous. Length 3-4 millim. Head black at the vertex, impunctate and shining, the frontal tubercles transverse, strongly raised, carina acute, flavous lke the elypeus, labrum and palpi black, antennie rather long and slender, piceous, the third but slightly longer than the second but much shorter than the fourth ; thorax but little broader than long, flavous, very minutely g ssa es and punctured, with an obsolete depression at each side, lateral mareins feebly rounded at the middle, anterior angles thickened, sentellum black ; elytra wider at the base than the thorax, very feebly transversely depressed below the base, ex- tremely closely and finely punctured, obscure testaceous (sometimes fuscous) with the suture narrowly piceous or fuscous ; under-side black, the femora flavous, metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following joints together. Hab. Malvern, Natau (C. Barker); Dunbrody, CAPE CoLony (fev. O'Neil), This Luperws may easily be mistaken for LZ. cnconspiewus, Jac., from Mashonaland, with which it has the same colora- tion in common, but in that species the vertex of the head is finely eranulate and not shining, the clypeus is black and very “broad as well as the frontal elevations, the thorax is more transversely shaped, and the legs are generally entirely dark coloured. Apophylia, Chev. (nee Chapuis). This genus has been entirely mistaken by Chapuis, Allard, and myself. The description given by Chapuis of Apophylia does not apply to the type at all; the latter is the .A. chloroptera, Thoms., who is the first who char- acterized the genus, and that insect belongs to the genus known at present as Malaxia, Fairm. = G Lyptolus, Jac. This latter name, therefore, cannot stand,.and all the species placed in it must be placed in Apophylia, A. tricolor, Fab., and others must receive another generic name as they do not belong to Apophylia. It is difficult to know what insect Chapuis had before him when he drew up _ his description of the genus; he gives as the type A. smarag- dina, De}. (a catalooue name), and says that the anterior and intermediate tibixe are mucronate; but this isan error, African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 23 as A. smaragdina, Dej., undoubtedly is also a Malaaia in which the tibize are all unarmed. I have seen specimens, named by Chevrolat A. smaragdina, which certainly re- present the last-named genus. This is also the case with A, murina, Gerst., and A. nobilitata, Gerst., of which a figure is given and which belong to Malaxia. I am indebted to Mr. Gahan for his assistance in clearing up the above synonyms. Pseudapophylia, gen. n. Elongate, antennz filiform, thorax transverse and short, with an obsolete transverse depression, scutellum broad ; elytra elongate and parallel, finely rugose, their epipleurze broad anteriorly, indistinct below the middle; legs robust, the anterior and intermediate tibice with a small spine, the posterior ones unarmed, their metatarsus as long as the following joints together, claws appendiculate, prosternum invisible between the coxe, the anterior cavities open. Type. P. smaragdipennis, Jac. (sub Apophylia). I am obliged to place this species in a special genus, as it has nothing to do with Apophylia (now Palewophylia), under which name I described it (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1888) ; the thorax differs quite in shape, being transverse and short as well as obsoletely sulcate. It was perhaps this species which Chapuis referred to Apophylia. Paleophylia, gen. n. Antenne filiform, the second to the fourth joint gradually lengthened, eyes entire, thorax transverse, the sides, the posterior angles and margin rounded, the surface rather convex, without de- pression, elytra generally metallic, finely rugosely punctured, their epipleurze very broad, gradually narrowed towards the apex, the anterior and the intermediate tibiz mucronate, the posterior ones unarmed, the metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the follow- ing two joints together, claws appendiculate ; prosternum invisible, anterior coxal cavities open. Type. LP. tricolor, Fab. In this genus will have to be placed, besides the type (the oldest described species) the Apophylia tricolor of Gemminger’s Catal., the following species, all described under Apophylia—P. berret, Alld.; P. maculicollis, Alld.; P. bipunctata, Alld.; P. viridiniteus, Alld.; P. nigritarsis, Jac, 24 Mr. M. Jacoby on Whether the other species described by Allard belong to the same genus, is doubtful. Of those mentioned above, however, I was able to compare the types, so that there is no doubt about it. A. marginata, Jac., has, as 1 now find, entirely unarmed tibie and elytral epiplearee which are absent below the middle; this insect must therefore find another place, although the general appearance and structure is that of the genus here proposed. Paleophylia granilosa, sp. v. Metallie green below, the antenne and legs fulvous, above less shining, minutely granulate, thorax subquadrate, the extreme lateral margins fulvous, elytra minutely punctured and granulate. Length 5 millim. Head entirely impunctate, the frontal tubercles trigonate, strongly raised and shining, carina short but distinct, labrum flavous, antennwe extending beyond the middle of the elytra, fulvous, the second joint half the length of the third, fourth and following joints slightly longer than the third; thorax scarcely one-half broader than long, the sides rounded, the angles obtuse, the surface rather convex, without impressions, bright green, minutely granulate, scutellum impunctate ; elytra parallel, sculptured like the thorax but with some minute punctures ; underside more shining, green, the legs fulvous, the anterior and intermediate tibize with a small spine, posterior ones unarmed, the first joint of their tarsi as long as the following two joints together, anterior coxal cavities open. Hab. Upper Tongaat, Upper Tugela, Navan (C. Barker). Of this species I received several specimens which may be known by the silky green and finely granulate upper surface, and by the narrow flavous margin of the thorax ; the last segment of the abdomen in the male has a longi- tudinal suleus of fulvous colour; the antennze in the female are shorter, and the abdominal sulcus is absent. I cannot identify this species with A. Duvivieri, Alld. (Comptes-rendus Ent. Soc. Belg. 1889), although it is evidently closely allied, but Allard makes no mention of the flavous labrum nor similarly-coloured thoracic margins, nor does lie mention the fine elytral punctuation, Palxophylia semirugosa, sp. n. Metallic green, the labrum, antenne and the legs flavous, thorax finely granulate, the sides broadly flavous, elytra finely punctured and transversely wrinkled. bro or African Phytophagous Coleoptera. Length 6 millim. Of exactly similar coloration to A. granulosa but larger, the frontal elevations transverse, the antenn extending to the apex of the elytra, the second and following joints gradually elongate ; thorax one-half broader than long, the sides strongly rounded, the dise minutely granulate, with some extremely fine punctures, bright green, the sides broadly flavous, this colour narrowed posteriorly ; near the middle of the anterior margin a shght depression is visible ; elytra closely and finely punctured, the interstices finely transversely rugose, legs flavous, the first joint of the anterior tarsi of the male dilated, the last segment of the abdomen deeply triangularly emarginate. Hab. Upper Tongaat, Navan (C. Barker). Of this species I received a single specimen from Mr. Barker ; the broad flavous margin of the thorax and the sculpture of the elytra will at once distinguish it from A. granulosa, which is also of general smaller size. Malacosoma, Chev Although this name has been in use for a genus of Galerucine ever since 1846, it is high time to change it, since it has long before that time been employed by Hiibner for a genus of Lepidoptera. I am _ therefore reluctantly obliged to change it to Hxosoma. Exosoma barhkert, sp. 0. Under-side black or piceous, upper-side flavous, thorax trans- versely subquadrate, impunctate, elytra microscopically punctured. Length 4-5 millim. Head impunetate, frontal elevations transverse, nearly contiguous, carina acutely raised, labrum and palpi flavous, antennee in the male long and slender, extending beyond the middle of the elytra, flavous, the terminal joints slightly darkened, third joint twice as long as the second one, fourth joint distinctly longer than the third ; thorax about one-half broader than long, of equal width, the sides rounded at the middle, the anterior angles thickened but not produced, the dise rather convex, not perceptibly punctured, scutellum triangular, flavous, elytra slightly wider at the base than the thorax, closely and extremely finely punctured when seen under a very strong lens ; breast and abdomen nearly black, legs flavous, the first joint of the anterior tarsi in the male dilated, that of the posterior legs nearly as long as the following joints together, ‘all the tibie with a small spine. 26 Mr. M. Jacoby on Hab. Malvern, NATAL (C. Barker). At once to be distinguished from other nearly similarly- coloured species by the black under-side in connection with the flavous head; the female insect is larger, the antenn have the basal joints flavous only, and the tarsi are more or less infuscate; the male organ has a very elongate and pointed apex with the lateral margins acute and subangulate, and a slender filiform process is placed at the anterior cavity. Monocida thoracica, sp. n. Upper-side black, the clypeus, antennz, femora and apex of the tibiz testaceous ; thorax minutely punctured, with a small fovea at each side; elytra extremely closely and finely punctured, the extreme suture piceous. Var. Head, antenne, the elytra and the tibiz and tarsi, black. Length 4 millim. Head impunctate, the vertex black, frontal tubercles transverse, strongly raised, bounded behind by a deep, transverse groove, clypeus flavous, labrum piceous, antenn slender and filiform, testaceous, the third joint one-half longer than the second one, the following joints more elongate; thorax subquadrate, one-half broader than long, the sides feebly rounded, the angles thickened, the surface with a shallow fovea at each side, very minutely granulate and punctured, scutellum black; elytra with a very shallow depression below the base, very finely but more distinctly punctured than the thorax, their epipleure broad, continued below the middle, under-side black, legs pale fulvous, the base of the tibiz black. Hab. Lower Tugela, Nata (C. Bavier). Closely allied to I. inornata, Jac., but differmg in the following points:—the head is black at the vertex, not fulvous, the frontal tubercles are not subquadrate but strongly transverse, the thorax has a lateral fovea and the elytra a shallow basal depression of which there is no trace in I. inornata. Sardoides transvalensis, sp. n. Metallic green, the lower part of the face, the antenne and legs fulvous, thorax subquadrate, rugosely punctured, elytra elongate, of similar sculpture, abdomen piceous. Length 6 millim. African Phytophagous Coleoptera. a | Head coarsely punctured and slightly wrinkled, frontal elevations strongly raised, subquadrate, divided by a deep central groove, clypeus and labrum flavous, antennze fulvous, the terminal three joints black, fourth joint longer than the third and the longest ; thorax about one-half broader than long, slightly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, the angles tuberculate, the surface rugose and strongly punctured, with three obsolete small fovez, scutellum black ; elytra much wider at the base than the thorax, very closely punctured and finely transversely rugose throughout, their epipleurz broad and concave anteriorly, disappearing below the middle, breast metallic green, abdomen piceous, legs fulvous, the tibie unarmed, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the following joints together, claws appendiculate, anterior coxal cavities open. Hab, TRANSVAAL. There are some slight structural differences to be noticed in this species in comparing it with the type, S. viridicollis, Jac.; in the latter the thorax is deeply bifoveolate and narrower at the base, and the elytral epipleurez, although very narrow below the base, are visible; in the present species they are absent, but as all these differences are but one of degree, and the unarmed tibiz and open cavities agree with the generical characters, it would not be wise to separate the insect, of which I possess three specimens. In the male, which may be known by the dilated first joint of the anterior tarsi, the last abdominal segment is rather deeply foveolate and slightly emarginate at the apex with thickened sides. Megalognatha, Baly. The type of this genus is JM. elegans, Baly, which has been described from apparently female specimens, now in the British Museum. In the male insect the terminal joints are considerably thickened, much more so than in the other sex. Apophylia elegantula, Jac. (the Entomo- logist, 1591), is identical with this species, and must be omitted altogether. Baly’s description of his Jf elegans differs somewhat from my specimens, as the lower part of the face is not “nigro-piceous” but fulvcus, nor does Baly mention the narrow fulvous lateral elytral margins. Megalognatha bohemani, Baly (Cneorane foveicollis, Jac.). This is another species which scarcely fits into the genus, as the thorax is transverse and not subquadrate, 28 Mr. M. Jacoby on although there is a fovea as in most species of the genus. I have described this in the Entomologist, 1891, under the above name, as Baly described his species from meee specimens, in which the antenne are but little dilated ; the male they are considerably so, and the terminal canis are fulvous. As Baly’s name is the oldest, mine cannot stand, although Cneorane is as good a genus for the species as that of Baly’s. Megalognatha hirticollis, sp. n. Black, the abdomen flavous; thorax finely rugose and pubescent, foveolate anteriorly, elytra closely punctured and finely wrinkled. Mas. Antenne very long, the seventh joint dilated anteriorly, hatchet shaped, thorax with a small triangular fovea. Fem. Antenne shorter and simple, thorax of nearly similar structure. Length 8 millim. Head impunctate, the frontal elevations very strongly raised, narrowly oblong, antenne nearly extending to the apex of the elytra, black, the third joint rather longer and more slender than the following three joints, the seventh more strongly dilated at the apex than the rest in the male; thorax as long as broad, all the margins nearly straight, the anterior margin thickened at the middle and followed by a small triangular fovea, rest of the surface finely Tugose and pubescent ; elytra sculptured like the thorax but with- out the pubescence, the sutural margin accompanied by another ridge near the apex, under-side and the legs black, abdomen flavous, the last segment more or less black. Hab. Salisbury, MASHONALAND, on Zizyphus (G4. Marshall). From JL, rufiventris, Baly, Ml. abyssinica, Jac., and J, imbecilla, Weise, this species may at once be distinguished by the pubescent thorax and its sculpture. Megalognatha granulicollis, sp. 1. Head, antennz, the breast and legs black, thorax rufous, minutely punctured and granulate, elytra flavous, convex posteriorly, very finely punctured with a small piceous spot below the middle, abdomen flavous, Mas. Thorax with a shallow triangular depression, minutely punctured and granulate. Fem. Thorax coarsely rugose with a.very deep triangular excava- tion. African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 29 Length 6 millim. Mas. Head black, impunctate, labrum flavous, antenne black, the sixth to the ninth joint dilated, the eighth with a flattened appendage below, the preceding two joints hollowed at the sides ; thorax not broader than long, of usual shape with an acute but shallow triangular depression before the middle and a shallow transverse sulcus in front of the depression, the surface very minutely punctured and granulate, scutellum piceous, elytra strongly convex at the posterior portion, constricted at the sides, extremely finely and closely punctured ; legs and the breast black. V. Reenen’s Pass, Malvern, NataL (C. Barker). In spite of the great resemblance of this species to J. suturalis, Baly, and M. bipunctata, Jac., 1 cannot identify it with either of them, as the thorax is quite differently sculptured and punctured in both sexes, and the head is black. In the first-named species the thorax is strongly punctured and shining and without the triangular groove. M. bipunctata has a fulvous head and differently-punctured thorax. The thorax in the female has the depression very deep, bounded at the sides by strongly-raised ridges of perfectly triangular shape, and there are also some raised feeble smooth lines visible at each side ; the elytral spot in the specimen before me is just indicated and the suture in both sexes has the usual ridge at the posterior portion. Megalognatha natalensis, sp. 0. Head, antenne and the breast black, thorax pale fulvous, strongly punctured, deeply transversely sulcate anteriorly ; elytra flavous, finely and closely punctured, strongly depressed below the hase. Length 6 millim. Fem. Head black, impunctate, antennee with the apical joints widened, the third and fourth joints more slender, equal ; thorax subquadrate, narrowed at the base, the surface strongly and deeply punctured, deeply transversely sulcate anteriorly and to a less extent near the base, the anterior edge of the anterior sulcus strongly raised, scutellum piceous and pubescent at the base ; elytra rather deeply depressed below the base, very finely and closely punctured, legs obscure testaceous, stained with fuscous and pubescent, abdomen flavous. Hab. Frere, NATAL. Of this species I only know a single female specimen, like M. melanocephala the head is black, but the thorax has no tubercles, is less strongly punctured, and altogether 30 Mr. M. Jacoby on of different sculpture; as in the allied species, the elytral suture has a narrow ridge at the posterior portion. Megalognatha niyrofasciata, sp. n. Head and thorax rufous, antennze, the breast and the legs black, thorax closely punctured, triangularly depressed anteriorly, elytra testaceous, finely and closely punctured, the suture narrowly and a broader lateral band black, abdomen flavous. Length 5 millim. Mas. Head impunetate, rufous, the frontal elevations highly raised, trigonate, antennie black, the seventh joint widened at the apex, the eighth shorter, triangularly produced into a sharp point at the middle, thorax as long as broad, the sides straight at the base, -the disc rather closely and distinctly punctured, with a triangular rather deep depression below the anterior margin, the latter thickened, but not acutely margined, scutellum piceous ;— elytra searcely depressed below the base, finely and very closely punctured, testaceous, the suture narrowly piceous, the sides with a broad black band which does not quite extend to the apex ; legs and breast black. TTab. CAPE (my collection). M. bicostata, Alld., is evidently a closely-allied species, but is described with fulvous legs and antennz and with lateral elytral costs, not with a broad black lateral band. The female is unknown to me. Megalognatha melanocephala, sp. n. Testaceous, the head, antenne, the breast and the legs black ; thorax subquadrate, elytra finely and closely punctured, Mas. Thorax impunetate, the anterior margin thickened, the dise obsoletely depressed at the sides and the middle. Fem. Thorax rufous, strongly punctured, deeply transversely suleate anteriorly, the suleus bounded in front by a strongly-raised ridge, the dise with three round tubercles. Length 7 millim. ¢. Head longer than broad, impunctate, black, shining, frontal tubercles strongly raised, carina acute, antennie black, the third and fourth joints equal, the following three joints shorter and wider, the rest more slender and elongate ; thorax scarcely broader than long, the sides slightly narrowed at the base, the surface impunctate, testaceous, the anterior portion slightly transversely thickened and followed by a lateral and median very feeble depression, seutellum pubescent, piceous; elytra distinctly transversely depressed below African Phytophagous Coleoptera, 31 the base, very closely and somewhat rugosely punctured ; the breast and legs black, closely pubescent, the abdomen testaceous, the anterior margin of the last segment rather deeply concave. 2. Antenne simple, the terminal joints slightly widened ; thorax rufous, strongly punctured, the dise with three blunt tubercles and preceded by a deep transverse sulcus which is anteriorly limited by a strongly-raised ridge. Hab. TRANSVAAL. The black head, testaceous colour, the transverse depression of the elytra and their fine punctuation will distinguish this species from Jf. rujficollis, Alld., and the other species. Pseudolognatha, gen. n. Body elongate and parallel, head not longer than broad, frontal elevations transverse, antenne filiform, the second joint small, the others nearly equal, of normal structure, thorax transverse, sub- quadrate, the surface more or less foveolate, elytra irregularly punctured and granulate, tibiz unarmed, metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following joints together ; claws appendiculate, the anterior coxal cavities open. Type. LP. immaculata, Jac. (sub Megalognatha). In comparing this insect with a species of Megalognatha and the type JZ elegans, Baly, to which it is generically closely allied, there will be found differences sufficient to justify the separation of the two genera. In the present genus, the head is broad, not produced or longer than broad as in Megalognatha, the antenne in the male have no abnormal joints, and the thorax is distinctly transverse ; there is also no thickening of the suture near the apex of the elytra as is nearly always the case in the allied genus, nor are the elytra widened and convex at the posterior portion, but the short and deflexed head will form the principal character of separation between the two genera. Pseudolognatha salisburiensis, sp. u. Fulvous, the apical three joits of the antennc fuscous, thorax transversely subquadrate, impunctate, elytra metallic blue, extremely minutely granulate and microscopically punctured, Length 4 millim. Head impunctate, fulvous, frontal elevations transverse, narrow, labrum black, antennz about half the length of the body, fulvous, 32 Mr. M. Jacoby on the terminal three joints blackish, the intermediate joints shghtly triangularly widened, of equal length, the second one short, thorax” one-half broader than long or rather broader, the sides feebly rounded, the anterior angles more distinct than the posterior ones, the surface with a very short and obsolete depression anteriorly and a slightly more distinct one at each side, entirely impunctate, fulvous ; scutellum of the latter colour ; elytra with a distinct depression below the base, metallic blue, minutely punetured and extremely finely granulate, under-side and the legs fulvous. Hah, Salisbury, MASHONALAND (@. Marshall). The above description applies to what seems to be the male insect; in the female, the thorax has a deep, trans- verse fovea near the anterior margin and the antenne are somewhat thinner, otherwise there is no difference. Hurycycla, gen. n. Body elongate, glabrous, antenne filiform ; thorax transverse, broader than the head and as broad as the elytra, narrowed anteriorly, elytra metallic, irregularly punctured, epipleure prolonged, pos- teriorly, tibizw unarmed, the metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following joints together, claws appendiculate, anterior coxal cavities open, Type. L. balyi, Jac. (sub Megalognatha). It is impossible to leave this species in Megalognatha, as the thorax is of totally different shape without any depressions, strongly transverse and narrowed anteriorly ; in other respects the generic characters agree; I know of no other African genus having a similar-shaped thorax. Hemixantha flavicornis, sp. 0. Black below, upper-side testaceous, the antennze very long, flavous, thorax subquadrately transverse, impunctate, elytra subcylindrical, extremely minutely punctured, tibiz unarmed. Length 45 millim. Elongate and parallel, the head impunctate, the frontal elevations strongly raised, transverse, clypeus triangularly convex, antennie nearly as long as the body, flavous, the apical joint stained with fuscous, the third twice as long as the second, but shorter than the fourth joint ; thorax one-half broader than long, the sides rather strongly rounded at the middle, the anterior angles obliquely thickened and slightly produced, posterior margin sinuate, oblique at the angles, the dise with some minute punctures, only visible under a strong African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 33 lens, seutellum smooth ; elytra subeylindrical and parallel, extremely closely and finely punctured, under-side black, legs testaceous, the metatarsus longer than the following joints together ; anterior cavities closed. Hab. Malvern, Nata (C. Barker). A comparatively small species, allied to H. piceipes, Jac., likewise from Natal, but smaller, with entirely flavous and much more slender and longer antenni, the legs differently coloured and the metatarsus longer. I received two specimens from Mr. Barker. Platyxantha varicornis, sp. 0. Pale testaceous, the head, thorax and the femora darker, the basal and the apical two or three joints of the antennie black, thorax bifo- veolate, impunctate ; elytra extremely finely punctured, tibiwe and tarsi black. Length 5 millim. Head as broad as long, the vertex piccous or pale fulvous, unpunetate, frontal elevations broadly transverse, divided by a short groove which extends a little way upwards, clypeus acutely carinate, palpi thickened, antennw nearly extending to the apex of the elytra, the basal joint or two joints black, the following six fulvous, the apical joints black, second joint very small, the rest nearly equal in length ; thorax subquadrate, scarcely one-half broader than long, slightly con- stricted at the base, the angles slightly oblique; the disc bifoveolate, impunctate, pale fulvous ; elytra pale testaceous, extremely finely but not very closely punctured, femora, the base of the tibice and the abdomen pale fulvous, the breast, the lower part of the tibiae and the tarsi black. Hab. Malvern, NATAL (C. Barker). In one specimen ( 2 ) of this species the extreme vertex of the head and the greater part of the breast is blackish, in the other these parts are fulvous ; the coloration of the antenne and that of the legs are the principal characters of distinction in this species; the tibiz are, as usual, unarmed and the metatarsus of the posterior legs is as long as the following joints together. Monolepta punctipeninis, sp. n. Under-side black, the basal joints of the antennze, the head, thorax and legs flavous, head and thorax distinctly punctured, elytra dark blue, strongly and closely punctured. Var. Elytra testaceous. ; TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 3 34 Mr. M. Jacoby on Length 3 millim. Head obscure fulvous, distinctly but not closely punetured, minutely granulose, frontal elevations broad and flattened, carina not very acute, labrum flavous, palpi piceous, antenné long and slender, extending to the middle of the elytra, black, the lower four joints flavous, basal joint long and slender, the second, third and fourth, gradually lengthened ; thorax twice as broad as long, the sides straight, narrowed anteriorly, anterior angles slightly oblique, the surface very closely and comparatively strongly punctured, scutellum small, black ; elytra not wider at the base than the thorax, much more strongly punctured than the latter, the punctures arranged in very close irregular rows, epipleur indistinct below the middle, breast and abdomen black, legs flavous, the metatarsus very elongate. Hab. Malvern, NATAL (C. Barker). This Monolepta may be known by the strong and close punctuation of the elytra, which differs in that respect trom any other species of the genus or those placed in Candezea which I am acquainted with. I received two blue and two flavous specimens in regard to the elytra, but these agree in all other respects except colour. Monelepta cerulea, sp. n. Under-side black, upper-side metallic dark blue, the basal joints of the antennie and the legs fulvous ; thorax subquadrate, impunctate, elytra very closely punctured, the interstices likewise very finely punctate and wrinkled. Length 4 millim. Oblong-ovate, the head impunctate, frontal tubercles transverse, narrow, elypeus broad and thickened, blackish, the space below the eyes at the sides fulvous, antenne extending to about the middle of the elytra, the lower three or four joints fulvous, the rest black, third joint one-half longer than the second but shorter than the fourth joint; thorax about one-half broader than long, the sides feebly rounded, posterior margin nearly straight, the anterior angles thickened, the dise convex, impunctate, metallic dark blue, seutellum black ; elytra strongly convex, their epipleura absent below the middle, the punctuation very fine and close, slightly arranged in rows, the interstices everywhere very minutely punctured and wrinkled ; below black, legs fulvous, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as nan as the follows joints together. Hab. Dunbrody, Carr CoLony (Rev. O'Neil). The metatarsus of the posterior legs in this species is African Phytophagous Coleoptera. 35 shorter than is generally the case in this genus, with which it agrees in all other characters; the unifor mly blue upper surface and the sculpture of the elytra will comparatively easily distinguish this species, of which two specimens were forwarded by the Rev. O'Neil. Candezxea (Iphidea) capensis, Baly. In a publication by the late Miss Ormerod (Observat. on African injur. Insects, 1889, p. 34), Baly has described the above insect and placed it in Jphidea, a genus he him- self had already withdrawn and considered identical with Luperodes in 1873 (Trans. Ent. Soc., 1, p. 187). Miss Ormerod some time ago kindly presented me with the type, and on examination I find the anterior coxal cavities closed and all the other characters identical with Candezea. The species agrees in coloration with several others from Africa ; it is testaceous above, black below, the thorax is narrowed in front, transverse and impunctate, the scutel- lum is black, and the elytra are finely and closely punc- tured with the extreme sutural and lateral margins piceous. I have also received this insect from Grahamstown where the type was obtained, as well as from Malvern, Natal. C. nigrosuturalis, Jac., is another closely-allied species, but is amuch more narrowly-shaped insect, the antenne are longer, and the elytra are distinctly margined with black. Candezea braunsi, sp. 0. Under-side black, upper-side testaceous, antennze fuscous, legs fulvous, thorax transverse with three small fovez, elytra extremely closely and finely punctured, their epipleurz continued to the apex. Length 7 millim. Very convex and elongate, the vertex fulvous, impunctate, frontal elevations trigonate, small, carina acute, lower portion of face testace- ous, antennz long and slender, the lower three jointsand the base of the fourth and fifth, flavous, the rest fuscous, third joint twice as long as the second, fourth joint longer than the preceding one ; thorax twice as broad as long, the sides and the posterior margin rounded, the angles distinct, the disc convex, finely granulate, with three very small foveze, placed triangularly, scutellum rather small, testaceous ; elytra wider at the base than the thorax, extremely closely impressed with small piceous punctures, under-side black, closely covered with grey pubescence, legs robust, fulvous, the coxee and the extreme base 36 Mr. M. Jacoby on of each joint black, the metatarsus of the posterior legs much longer than the following joints together. Hab. AuGoa Bay (Dr. Brauwns). Of nearly similar shape and coloration to C. hamatura, Fairm., but the sculpture of the head quite different, the labrum testaceous, not black, the antenne differently coloured as well as the scutellum, and the elytra more distinctly punctured ; from C. j/laveola, Gerst., the species may be at once distinguished by the black under-side. Candezea scutellata, sp. 1. Under-side black, the basal joints of the antennie and the head and thorax pale fulvous, impunctate, seutellum black, elytra testaceous, extremely minutely punctured, tarsi and the posterior femora more or less black. Length 7 millim. Again closely allied to CL Braunsi and C. hematiura, but with the frontal elevations scarcely raised and the elypeus very broad and flat, without carina, the antennie rather shorter, black, the lower three or four joints flavous ; the thorax twice as broad as long, slightly narrowed anteriorly, the sides nearly straight, the surface entirely impunctate, without depressions, scutellum black ; elytra somewhat narrowed posteriorly, their punctuation scarcely perceptible, of paler coloration than the thorax, legs fulvous, the posterior femora and the tarsi black, as well as the under-side ; metatarsus very elongate. Hab, AuGoA Bay, Care (Dr. Brauns). Of the two specimens, kindly sent by Dr. Brauns, one has the tarsi almost concolorous with the legs; the sculpture of the head and the black scutellum will distinguish this species from its allies. Candezea infuscata, sp. n. Bluish-black, the basal joints of the antenni and the thorax flavous, the latter very finely and obsoletely punctured, elytra bluish-black, very closely and distinctly punctured in irregular rows, legs flavous, the femora and the tarsi more or less fuscous. Length 3 millim. Head blackish, impunctate, the frontal elevations strongly raised, transverse, clypeus highly convex between the antennze, the latter of about half the length of the body, black, the lower three or four joints flavous, the third joint about one-half longer than the second ; thorax about twice as broad as long, the sides very feebly rounded, the anterior angles slightly obliquely thickened, the surface very or African Piytophagous Coleoptera. 37 minutely, closely and obsoletely punctured, flavous; elytra very closely and much more strongly punctured than the thorax, the inter- stices very slightly wrinkled, bluish-black ; under-side of the latter colour, the legs flavous, the femora and the tarsi obscure fuscous to a greater or smaller degree ; the metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the following three joints together. Hah. Malvern, NATAL. Closely allied to C. nigroerrulea, Jac., and nearly similarly coloured, but the thorax more obliquely narrowed and the sides quite straight in the last-named species, the elytral punctures finer, and the legs entirely flavous. Buphonella, gen, n. Body narrowly elongate, pubescent above, antenne subfiliform, eyes entire ; thorax transversely subquadrate, finely rugose like the elytra, the latter with the lateral margins deflexed, their epipleuree extremely narrow; anterior cox raised, closely approximate, legs slender, the tibizs unarmed, the metatarsus of the posterior legs as long as the three following joints together, claws bifid at the extreme tip only, prosternum invisible between the coxze, the anterior cavities closed. At first sight, this genus here proposed bears a greater resemblance to the Hwmolpidx, and more especially to the group Leprotine than to that of the Galerucidx, as the antennze are more widely apart than is the rule in this last- named tribe ; these organs are, however, inserted in front and a little below the eyes; there are the usual frontal elevations, and most important of all, the anterior coxze are almost united, and hide the prosternum ;. they resemble in that respect the genus Buphonida, Baly, which has likewise closed coxal cavities and bifid claws, but the thorax in that genus is transversely sulcate and of different shape; the claws in the present genus are also rather peculiar, as cach claw has the division united and bifid to a small extent at the tip only. MJombasica, Fairm., seems also more nearly allied to Buphonella than to any other genus of Calerucide. Buphonella elongata, sp. n. Narrowly elongate and parallel, black, finely pubescent above, the basal joint of the antenne and the femora fulvous, thorax subquadrate, very finely rugose, elytra still more finely sculptured, clothed with short grey pubescence ; tibize unarmed. Length 5 millim, 38 Mr. M. Jacoby on African Phiytophagous Coleoptera. Head broad, closely rugose, the middle. with a narrow, elongate, smooth raised space, eyes rounded, entire, frontal tubercles trigonates smooth and tubereulate, clypeus transverse, antenne about two-thirds the length of the body, black, the basal joint fulvous, the third joint more than twice as long as the second, slightly shorter than the fourth, the following joints slightly thickened, terminal ones thinner ; thorax transversely subquadrate, one-half broader than long, the base shghtly constricted, the anterior angles’ obtuse, thickened, the surfaee seulp- tured like the head, the rugosities partly confluent, scutellum broader than long, finely rugose ; elytra opaque like the rest of the upper surface, extremely finely rugose and pubescent, body below and the tibise and tarsi black, the femora fulvous, the last abdominal segment triangularly emarginate (9 ). Hab. Salisbury, MASHONALAND (G. Marshall), Two exactly similar specimens were obtained by Mr. Marshall. Lrgana fulvipes, sp. n. Under-side black, upper-side dark metallic blue, basal joints of the antenne and the legs fulvous, thorax transverse, very minutely punctured, elytra closely and strongly punctured. Length 43 millim. Head broad and short, impunctate, deeply transversely grooved, frontal elevations strongly convex, trigonate, clypeus very broad and swollen, labrum and palpi blackish, the penultimate joint of the latter dilated, antenne extending to half the length of the body, black, the lower four joints flavous, third jomt longer than the second, the intermediate ones slightly widened; thorax more than one-half broader than long, the sides strongly rounded, the posterior margin to a less extent, the surface convex, very finely and closely punctured, scutellum black, impunctate, elytra slightly wider at the base ‘than the thorax, posteriorly widened, extremely closely and more strongly punctured than the thorax, the interstices finely wrinkled and furnished with still smaller punctures ; legs fulvous, all the tibie mucronate, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the following joints together, claws appendiculate, anterior coxal cavities closed, Hab. Dunbrody, CAPE Cotony (fev. O'Neil). A typical species, and distinguished by its system of coloration. II. On the Life History of Drilus flavescens, Rossi. By LIoNEL R. CrawsHay, M.A. Oxon. Communicated by CHARLES OWEN WATERHOUSE, F.E.S. [Read November 5th, 1902. ] PuaTes I anp II. THE following notes on Drilus flavescens are collected from observations made during the past three years. In July 1900 I first found the larva on the Downs, near Seaford, Sussex, and in this year reared five larvae (all females), four of them emerging in the following spring, and the fifth continuing its growth for another summer. In 1901 I collected several more larvee from the same locality, and from these I obtained in the spring of the present year (1902) a single male, and afew females, the remainder reappearing as larvee. In spots where snails—/felicella itala and Helicella virgata especially—cover the ground in immense numbers, it is not surprising that the larva thrives on its food- supply, and it may often be seen during the summer months, running hastily over the ground in search of food. Before passing to its life history, the form of the larva deserves some notice. The larva, which is narrowed in front and much widened behind, has the upper surface of the abdomen rather thickly covered with coarse hairs of a bright burnt-sienna colour, springing chiefly from four longitudinal rows of fleshy processes, the processes increasing in length towards the posterior. The head is reddish-brown, flat above, with strong sharp mandibles, curving upwards and crossing one another above the labrum; the eyes consist of a single ocellus on either side. The antenne (Plate I, fig. 1; Plate II, fig. 1) are two-jointed with a supplement to the second joint, and can be partially extended or withdrawn by the larva by means of a collapsible membranous tube which carries the first joint, the latter being thrust forward or partially withdrawn within the tube by a muscle which passes up the centre of it to the apex of the first joint. The second joint is somewhat flattened and bears at its TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903 —PART I. (APRIL) 40 Mr. L. R. Crawshay on apex—on the inner margin a two-jointed supplementary process terminated by a long seta, and on the outer margin a smaller colourless process. The thoracic segments have a reddish-brown corneous covering above—marked with dark patches—with a few hairs. On each of the abdominal segments to the penultimate one the soft white body of the larva is protected above by a dark brown dorsal shield, sparsely hairy, bearing a bristly process on each margin, and by a pair of similar processes outside these, arising from the sides. The last segment has a single pair of larger bristly processes extending behind, with a spine at the apex of each, completing a covering which doubtless goes far to protect the larva from attack during its occu- pation of the snail-shell. The spiracles (Plate I, fig. 2) lie in an uncovered space between the dorsal shields and lateral processes, and project from small horny encase- ments which lie along the surface of the segments. A fleshy nipple on the under-side of the last segment aids the progression of the larva, and enables it to cling firmly to the surface of the snail-shell. It moves rapidly about the outside of the shell, aided also by a pair of small colourless pulvilli, attached by slender stalks to the base of the tarsal claw (Plate I, fig. 3). ; The young larva, which is hatched about the middle of July, feeds till September, and then hibernates in the shell it has last occupied, attaining only a small size in the first year. This shell is evacuated in the following spring, and after this the larva may continue feeding at regular intervals till September. But owing to the exist- ence of a distinct, inactive form for hibernation, and the fact that this may be assumed at any time of the summer, it is equally liable to pass nearly the whole of the year in a dormant state in the shell. Doubtless the larva often becomes full-fed in the year after hatching, but it probably more often feeds fora third summer. The full-fed larva then changes into a second hibernating form, pupating in the following spring, shortly before the appearance of the imago in May or June of the third or fourth year, as the case may be. The snails which chiefly constitute its food in the locality referred to are Helicella itala, Linné; Helicella virgata, Da Costa; and Helicella caperata, Montagu; but the larva has shown the same readiness to attack any other species that I have hitherto tried, including :— The Life History of Drilus flavescens. 4] Helicella cantiana, Montagu ; Hygremia rufescens, Pennant ; Vitrea cellaria, Miiller; Helix nemcralis, Linné; and even the largest examples of Helix aspersa, Miiller; passing indifferently from one to another in the course of its growth. When a snail is found, the larva raises itself at once on to the shell and examines it carefully, assuring itself of the presence of its occupant. If unsuited to the size of the larva, the snail is left and the search resumed. If it is satisfactory, the larva (more especially in its earlier stages at least) then proceeds to sound the surroundings, reaching out to its full length and ranging about on all sides above and below, but retaining all the while its hold on the shell by means of the anal clasping-organ. This is done with a view to secreting the snail before attacking it. Ifthe position is found to afford sufficient cover, the snail is soon pushed or dragged into it, till out of sight; otherwise, if it is too much exposed (as on a roadway, for example), the larva endeavours to remove it to a better one. This removal of the snail to a place of hiding may prove a difficult matter, and remarkable perseverance is often shown in the endeavour to accomplish it. The larva takes a firm anal grip on the outer surface of the shell, and bending over the side, plants its head on the ground beneath; then, taking hold of the ground with its man- dibles, it proceeds to “punt” the snail backwards over the ground, so far as possible in a straight line. Where an obstruction occurs, in the endeavour to pass it, the larva will often raise the snail entirely into the air and throw it forward bodily, but never losing its hold upon the shell. Ifin the meantime the snail appears and attempts to crawl away it is attacked with the mandibles and driven back. From time to time the larva returns to the summit of the shell to try the surroundings as before, afterwards going back to its task, which, if no cover should be found, may often be continued for an hour, or, as I have once noticed, for as much as three hours before the snail is attacked. It is advisable, when feeding the larva, to provide some loosely placed moss, into which it will soon carry the snail out of sight. In the case of larger larvee (about 14 mm. and over) the snail is generally attacked very soon, without any attempt to remove it, however exposed the position may be. Larger snails (and I refer especially to H. cantiana) seem instinctively to 42 Mr. L. R. Crawshay on know their danger when this horrible parasite has attached itself to their shells, and will do their utmost to dislodge it by making rapid contortions of their shells around them as they crawl, even to the extent of overbalancing them- selves, and while the larva perhaps lies motionless on the shell. It is surprising that at such times the larva retains its hold or escapes injury, but it quickly takes up a position near the orifice and makes a ferocious onslaught with its mandibles, which probably soon overpowers its wretched victim ; I have, however, more than once seen a large H. cantiana throw off its assailant and escape. When the larva enters the shell it lies inside, against the outer wall, and gradually absorbs the moisture, finally consuming the whole or the greater part of the body of the molluse. After a period varying from eight to sixteen days the shell is thoroughly cleaned out, preparatory to a succeeding period of inactivity and moulting. The larva may then be heard scraping with its mandibles within the shell, and may be seen making a number of journeys backwards, from the centre of the spire to the orifice, to eject from the shell the accumulated and wneon- sumed matter. The hairy processes seem to aid the work, as a brush, while the larva shuffles backwards down the shell. As the terminal segment reaches the orifice, the anal clasper grips hold of the edge, and, by an undulating movement of the body, the slimy matter 1s ejected from the shell. I once found a very large larva thus engaged at 10.30 p.m. (having already been working for perhaps half-an-hour). I then watched it for an hour and a half, while it made nine journeys down to the orifice, mostly at intervals of three to five minutes, and with generally about twenty to twenty-five of these undulating move- ments at the end of a journey. After this J] ceased observing it, but I have found that with varying intervals the work may extend over the greater part of a day. In this way the interior of the shell is at length thoroughly cleaned out and made fit for habitation. The larva, which has become gorged with food almost beyond recognition (the dark scuta appearing as isolated patches on the distended white body), then thrusts itself up, with its head towards the centre of the spire, and prepares for moulting, which takes place about four or five weeks from the time of entering the shell, the skin being then cast towards the orifice, “where it sometimes closely stops up The Life History of Drilus flavescens. 43 the entrance. While the summer lasts, the undeveloped larva, as a rule, evacuates the shell about forty days after entering it, and goes off in search of another. Excluding the shorter feeding interval (July to September) in the year of hatching, it may thus devour as many as three, or perhaps four snails in the course of the summer, moulting once in each case before leaving the shell. But it often ceases feeding as early as July, and in one example, at least, under notice this year, the first shell entered by the larva on June 2nd, after hibernation, was not left after- wards. In such cases the larva, on moulting, reassumes the winter form (which is referred to below), and the growth is again suspended until the following year, From examples under observation, this early return to the winter form seems to be caused by a period of low temperature preceding the time of moulting. An instance of it occurs in the following incomplete record of a remarkable larva: 1900, July 8th: Larva (length about 8 mm.) entered HT, virgata (greatest diameter 8 mm.) ; 1901, May 30th: evacuated this shell (length about 10 mm.), and entered H. aspersa (greatest diameter 8 mm.) ; » duly 10th: left this shell (length about 13 mm.), and entered //. aspersa (greatest diameter 28 mm.) ; , August 18th: left this shell (length 21 mm.), and entered Hf. aspersa (greatest diameter 25 mm.); a », olst: seen to be cleaning out this shell (length, at the time, fully 30 mm.). Unfortunately, in the spring of 1902, it died while still in the winter stage. The larva was doubtless hatched in July. 1899, and must therefore have become full-fed in the third year, as seems to be more often the case. The winter form, into which the undeveloped larva changes about the middle of September, or often earlier, as stated, is incapable of feeding or of more than a heavy grub-like motion, when disturbed. In general outline it much resembles the ordinary form of the larva, but it rather perhaps deserves the term “false pupa.” The scuta are absent, the body being almost entirely soft, of a dingy whitish colour, and, except on the last three or four segments, almost hairless. The head is small, rather soft, 44 Mr. L. R. Crawshay on and pale, with the mouth parts rudimentary, and the antenne very short and much modified. The legs are soft and short, with the claws absent and replaced by a small prominence. The processes on the body are much smaller and less distinct, with only a few fine hairs, until the last three or four segments, where they become longer and rather thickly hairy, but with the hairs shorter than in the larva. The terminal processes are likewise shorter, but with the spines long (Plate IJ, fig. 2a). This skin is cast about the middle of May, and the larva then reappears from the shell in its ordinary form, continuing its life as before, until it is full-fed, in the second, or, probably in most cases, the third summer. When full-fed, it changes into a second inactive - winter form, which more nearly approaches the pupa, and which, like the other, may be assumed early or late in the year, often as early, at least, as July. Though this is very similar to the previous one, it differs from it especially in the much more stumpy form of the antenne and of the processes on the last three or four segments; the hairs also on the latter are finer and shorter, and the spines on the terminal pair are very short (Plate II, fig. 3a). Points of difference in the head and last segment of the two forms are figured in the accompanying drawings beside the corresponding parts in the ordinary form of the larva (Plate IT). The two small apical processes in the antenne of the larva are retained in both winter forms; but what is the “outer” process in the larva becomes inferior and invisible from above in the first form, and partly inferior while visible on the dnne7 side in the second form. These sluggish winter forms (or “ false-pupz,” if they may be so termed) appear to possess a strange tenacity of life. A specimen of the sezond form, lately kept out for examination, passed a day and a half in a solution one-third alcohol and two-thirds glycerine; then, two days afterwards, an hour in turpentine, followed by a day in alcohol and glycerine. Three days after removal from the latter, it seemed so little the worse that, after washing it in alcohol and in water, I put it into an empty shell, which it entered without difficulty, and it appeared to have its usual amount of vitality when examined a week afterwards. Though in a much lesser degree, the same point is noticeable in the 2 imago, which will live for two The Life History of Drilus flavescens. 45 or three hours in the same preservative solution, or return to its dull existence apparently unaffected by an immersion of an hour and a half in whisky half diluted. An offensive acrid fluid is emitted from both extremities of the body by the two winter forms of the larva, when disturbed ; the active form does not seem to possess this resource, but rolls itself into a ring. In Mulsant’s account of the insect (“ Histoire Naturelle des Coléopteres de France; Mollipennes:” pp. 422 ff), pupation is said to take place fifteen to eighteen days before the imago appears. Prior to this, the position within the shell is reversed, so that the head lies in the direction of the orifice (in which respect this second winter form differs from the earlier one). In a single instance this change of position had already occurred when I ex- amined the shell on October 8th, but ordinarily it appears to be made in the spring. At the time of pupation, the skin is cast far back, near the centre of the spire. The skin of the pupa is soft and unprotected, and merely displays rather distinctly the enclosed form of the imago. When the final change takes place, about the middle of May, the imago moves forward and occupies the inter- vening space between the pupa and the larva-skin of the previous year, lying with its head thrust against the anterior part of the latter. There are thus, at this point, four stages of the insect represented in the shell. Here the imago remains for some days before it is able to leave the shell. In three female examples observed in the present year, at least eight days were passed in this way, and the case of a male, referred to below, was similar. The 1mago appears at the end of May or beginning of June, about the same time as the hibernated larva. The apterous female (Plate I, fig. 4} is elongate and broader behind, with the abdominal segments sharply explanate under the spiracles, so that the sides have a scalloped appearance. It is of a tawny testaceous colour, marked on each segment, except the last, with a pair of large dark-brown digitate patches more or less regular in shape, and thinly covered, especially above, with fine short rufous hairs. The last segment is terminated by two processes with a small palpiform appendage at the apex of each. The supplement to the antenne found in the larva and retained in both winter forms, reappears very similarly in the female imago. At the apex of the tenth 46 Mr. L. R. Crawshay on joint there isa small inner supplementary joint, terminated by a short seta (which is sometimes scarcely apparent), and a smaller process at the outer margin. The antennz of the female are normally composed of ten joints (omitting the supplement), but the ninth joint is often imperfectly formed, being sometimes confounded with the preceding one, so as to be scarcely visible, and sometimes entirely absent. This deformity may even appear in different degrees in the two antennze of the same insect. Among the imagines that emerged this year I obtained only a single male, and this one happened to occupy one of two shells which I examined on May 18th. It seemed inclined to leave the shell, so I removed it, but it proved to be quite helpless and could only le on its side, in a curved position, twisting the distended abdomen about like a pupa. I put it on some moss in a shady place, and its condition gradually advanced till, seven days afterwards, it was quite strong. For breeding purposes I had there- fore to rely on this male alone, and it paired successively with four females (twice over with one of them) on May 25th, 31st, June 2nd, 4th, and 9th, respectively. ~ In the spring of the previous year a few eggs had been laid by some infertile females, a week after emerging, on the moss in which they were kept; but this year, under similar conditions, the first female that paired passed six days without laying: there was also reason for believing that the eggs are naturally secreted. I therefore cut a piece of fine turf from the Downs, ten inches by six inches and two inches deep, which I fitted closely into a shallow deal box, and on this the females were after- wards kept near an open window. The following is an account of the movements of these four females which I reserved, and the attempt to breed from them. The first ?, as stated, was not put on the turf till six days after pairing, namely on May 31st. From May 31st till June 4th she was up about the surface, generally resting in an exposed position on the short herbage, during each day, but going down every evening under the grass. On June 5th she came up in the morning and rested in the usual attitude on a short blade of grass, with the heavy body curving under her, and thus remained, never leaving the position, so far as I know, day or night, until June th, when she fell off and died without having laid. A second 2 emerged on May 26th and paired on the The Life History of Drilus flavescens. 47 turf on June 2nd, at 11.80 am. She continued to move restlessly about the surface till 3.30 p.m., when she dived down a hole between the turf and the side of the box, and did not appear again. A third emerged on June 2nd and paired on the turf on June 4th, disappearing on the same day. A fourth emerged and paired on May 31st, but was not put on the turf till five hours afterwards. From this date, this 2, like the first, was about the surface (generally resting on the herbage) regularly during the daytime, but always going down under the grass in the evening, until June 9th. I then tried the % again, and she paired a second time, disappearing soon afterwards on the same day. ‘After June 9th none of them appeared again. Though it is to a great extent the instinct of the @ to hide herself, she seems, in fact, after emerging, to choose more often some exposed position on the ‘short herbage, and to remain clinging to this for hours at a time without moving. From the moment of pairing she proceeds at once to make her way down under the grass (the probably sharing the same instinct), and after separation—7. v. after about forty mimutes—disappears very shortly, as 1t seems, into the turf, where she lays her eggs and dies. The failure of the first of these tour was perhaps due to the absence of natural conditions in the first week. On June 20th I examined the turf in search of ova. The body of one 2 was found resting in a perpendicular position between the turf and the side of the box. The body seemed half empty, but I could find no eggs that had been laid. Probably this was the second 2 mentioned above. The bodies of the other two I found in the bottom of the turf (2. e. two inches deep), each lying with its contents emptied in a compact heap within a distance of half-an- inch from it. Doubtless both had died very soon after laying. The egg is nearly spherical, about 1 mm. in diameter, and of a pale yellow colour. Roughly speaking, there were about thirty to thirty-five eggs in each heap. It was a mistake to disturb them so soon, but the period of development proved to be much longer than I expected, and to leave them as they were, and unobserved, was unsatisfactory. In an endeavour to preserve natural 48 Mr. L. R. Crawshay on conditions, the evils of excessive moisture and excessive dryness crept in, and worked serious injury in the first week or ten days. On July 2nd the embryo began to show signs of development, and on July 8th the form of the young larva was discernible. After this they advanced rapidly till the first hatched on July 20th, or about six weeks from the approximate date of laying. But mean- time the greater number had fallen off in various stages of development, and only five, out ‘of perhaps sixty-five, survived, hatching respectively on July 20th, 22nd, 24th, 25th, and 26th. One of these was a cripple and another was lost by an accident. At the time of hatching, with the exception of the conspicuous black ocelli and a few reddish hairs, they were nearly white, the head and the shields about the segments attaining their darker colour several hours afterwards. The length is about 25 mm. Of the three that remained, two began to feed about thirty-six hours after hatching; the third clung to its egg- shell for twenty-four hours, and refused food for three and a half days. The snails at length given them were Helicella caperata, and Hygromia rufescens, 3 to 4 mm. in diameter. In these three examples (as also the one that was lost) I noticed most of the instincts of the older larva, including the feigning of death for as long as fifteen or twenty minutes at a time. There was no attempt to push the snail away, but a decided tendency to work underneath it, perbaps with the same purpose. More than once a snail that began to appear from the shell was sharply struck with the mandibles and driven back; in another case the hardened film quickly thrown by the snail as a barrier across the orifice was cut away by the larva after an hour and a half’s work, and the shell was then entered. The ultimate loss of these larvae was perhaps largely due to the period of exceptionally cold weather that followed the time of hatching, and particularly so in the Cotswolds, where I happened to be staying. The fragmentary account of them, so far as it goes, may, however, be worth recording. Larva (a) hatched on July 20th, and entered the first shell on July 21st; partly devoured this snail; left it and entered another on August 2nd, but afterwards became en- tangled inside the shell, and died without having moulted. The Life History of Drilus flavescens. 49 Larva ()) hatched on July 22nd, and on July 25th entered the first shell, in which it became entangled, and died without moulting. Larva (e) hatched on July 25th, entered the first shell on July 26th, and, after partly devouring the occupant, left it and attacked a second on July 28th; was ejected some hours afterwards by the latter, and left entangled ; I released it and put it back on the first shell, which it at once re-entered, but it afterwards died without having moulted. I have nevertheless found the exuvie of the young larva at about 3 mm. in very small snail-shells (8-4 mm. in diameter), and it seems more probable that the economy of the larva in its infancy is the same as in its later growth, and that under ordinary circumstances the first shell is not left till after moulting, in the usual manner. It would thus be able to attain a length of about 4 mm. at the time of entering the second shell, at which point it is to be found feeding, about the middle of September, prior to hibernation. After this, the growth of the larva is regulated by the size of the snails it happens to meet with, its length being increased, as I have found in most cases observed, roughly by about half the greatest diameter of the snail attacked. The female imago may thus be no more than 8 mm. in length, or, on the other hand, probably not far short of 830 mm. On the Downs, larger snails such as H. cantiana are seldom met with by the larva, and the average length of nine naturally-reared females which emerged this year was 10°7 mm. only. In regard to the life history of the male, Mulsant mentions the fact that out of one hundred and fifty shells containing larvae, Desmarest obtained only two males, while M. Rouget obtained only one male among about two hundred females. Appended are a few details bearing on this point. As already mentioned, all of five larvae which I reared in 1900 were females. The shells collected in the autumn of 1901 and early in 1902 varied from 4 to 12 mm. in their greatest diameter (i.e. the measurement across the shell to the outermost point of the orifice). Of those larvae that were full-fed, nine were females and five were males. All of the females emerged, but four of the males died as pupx (the fifth was taken in February ; the others in September). _TRANS, ENT. SOC, LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 4 50 Mr. L. R. Crawshay on Another shell contained the remains of a male pupa which had probably failed to emerge in the previous spring. The shells containing these six males were :— Two of them Helicella virgata, Da Costa; 8 and 9 mm. in diameter respectively. Four of them /elicella caperata, Montagu, 7, 7, 7, and S mm. in diameter respectively. Another shell found at the same time, containing a male pupa skin, was that of Helicella caperata, 6 mm. in diameter. The following table shows the greatest diameter of thirty-seven winter shells {all naturally occupied by larvee), and the state of the insect after hibernation :— 2 shells of 4 mm. in diam. produced 2 undeveloped larve. 9) = ” Dy ” ” 2 ” ” a) ” 6 5, ” ” es ” ” and 1 or 6 ” 7 ” ” ; 3 ” ” » 36. 6 ” 8 ” ” 4 ” F) » 26. 5 ” 9s, ” ” 4 ” ” Lt 11 ” 10-12 ” 9 2 ” ” ” 9 ce e In other words, all full-fed larvee occupying shells of 6—9 mm., and averaging 7} mm., were males, and all those occupying shells over 9 mm. were females; which result might, in fact, be expected approximately, considering that the male imago never perhaps attains the minimum length of the female. The females probably outnumber the males very consider- ably, while the male larva must be sought for in shells of a small size only. But, apart from these considerations, the male seems, for some reason, to be more difficult to rear than the female—possibly owing to the fact that it is more likely to complete its limited growth early in the year, and so to be subject to a longer “period of exposure to the exigencies of weather. The number of eggs laid by the female may be as many as three hundred, or even more; but the female, which is little more than an ege-magazine, varies in size to an extraordinary degree, and the number of eggs must vary greatly in proportion. In a female of 19 mm. I found two hundred and sixty-seven, but in smaller examples the numbers were far short of this. The two that laid (presumably 10 mm. and 13 mm. respectively) cannot either of them have laid more than about forty; the abdo- — The Life History of Drilus flavescens. 51 men of another (11 mm.), nine days after leaving the shell, contained thirty-three; while in another (8 mm.), seven days after leaving the shell, there were only four or five developed ova, and the abdomen could hardly have contained more than fifteen or twenty. The following case of cannibalism occurred in the present year :— Two larve, “A” and “B,” were due to leave their shells about the same date, early in July, and both had already moulted. “A” left its shell first, and escaping unobserved into the division of “B,’ entered the shell and attacked and devoured the unfortunate occupant. The unconsumed remains of “B” were afterwards cast back and left near the orifice of the shell, and the larva “A” in due time moulted, evacuating the shell thirty-five days after the probable date of entering it. Among a number of shells examined, which have con- tained larve, I have not noticed any clear case of parasitic attack on the species. I am indebted to Mr. C. O. Water- house for his kind assistance in connection with the subject of this paper. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Figure 1, Left antenna of larva, partially withdrawn. 2. Spiracle of larva, projecting from horny encasement. 3. Part of intermediate leg of larva. » 4 Female imago. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. Figure 1. Active form of larva; part of head, showing antennze and mandibles (antennze extended), 2. Winter form of undeveloped larva; part of head, showing antenn and mandibles. 3. Winter form of full-fed larva; part of head, showing antennee and mandibles, », la. Active form of larva ; last segment. 2a. Winter form of undeveloped larva ; last segment. oe oa: ES » 9) full-fed larva ; last segment. +P) Ill. On the Genus Deilemera, Hiibner. By CoLONEL CHARLES SWINHOE, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S. [Read Feb. 4th, 1903.] _Puates IIT anp IV. THE genus Nyctemera was erected by Hiibner in the Verzeichniss, p. 178, and diagnosed as “ Die Fliigel weiss und weissfleckig schwarz gesaiumt.” Under this genus Hiibner put seven species in the following order :— hesperia, Cram., Pap. Exot., iui, pl. 251, f. A. B. (1780). cajras Orin Wl Nx. Hat.ai1, pl..p, fF 780): nerina, Drury, l.c., f. 2. coleta, Cram., ].c., iv, pl. 368, f. D. H. (1782). jamal, Drury, le. u, pl. 1 £3 A773): atralba, Hiibner = tripunctaria, Linn., Syst. Nat., i, p. 523 (1758). lacticinia, Cram., |. c., 11, pl. 128, f. E. (1779). Walker in the 2nd vol. of his Catalogue, p. 402, erected the genus Ofroeda, placing therein in the following order :— hesperia, Cram., |. ¢., occidentis, Walker, 11, 403, vesperina, Walker, 1, 403, caffra, Drury, 1. c., nerina, Drury, |. c., leaving coleta, Cram., as the type of Hiibner’s genus Vycte- mera; and this seems to have been followed ever since, except that Hampson makes /acficinia, the seventh in the list of Hubner’s named species, the type of the genus. No author in erecting a new genus can be justified in removing the first three species, including of course the type, of a genus already in existence, yet this is what Walker did. It is not only that hesperia, being the first species in the seven under the genus Nyctemera, is thus made the type of the genus, but Hiibner’s diagnosis, “ wings white with white-spotted black borders,” is a good description of hesperia, and not of any one of Walker’s so-called Nyctemeras; consequently as hesperiais the type of the genus Nyctemera TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 54 Colonel C. Swinhoe on Walker’s genus Otvoeda becomes asynonym, and as hesperia is a Lymantrid, another name must be found for the species hitherto erroneously referred to WV; ye temera. This is not far to seek ; Hiibner’s next genus Deilemera contains a single species only, evergisia, Cram. .. and about this type there can be no mistake. For some of the other species in this genus five genera have been erected by different authors. I have had one or two examples of species in each genus denuded of their wing scales, and after carefully working through the species have come to the conclusion that structurally there is no essential difference* between them, and that the genus Deilemera, Hiibner, must include them all. The scheme of neuration of the fore-wings is practically the same throughout; the length of the areole, by which Hampson separates Deilemera from the rest of the species, appears to be as variable as its breadth, in fact both its size and shape vary not only in individuals ‘of the same species, but in the right and left wing of the same individual. In the hind-wings veins 6 and 7 are generally stalked ; in the few instances where 6 and 7 arise from the cell, this difference is found to be correlated with a difference in the structure of the antenne and palpi, and may be legitimately employed for the purposes of sub-division ; thus the species included under Pitasi/a, Moore, and Atasea, Swinhoe, which have veins 6 and 7 arising from the cell, agree in also having the palpi much shorter than the others, Atasca being separated from Pitasi/a by the antenne in both sexes being simply pubescent, with a short bristle from each joint, whereas in Pitasila they are bipectinate in both sexes, the pectinations being short. Tn the large majority of cases, those with veins 6 and 7 of the hind-wings stalked, with longer palpi and more fully pectinated antennie, secondary sexual characters are avail- able for sub-division; thus a few species with evergista, Cram., the type of the genus, have in the male the inner margin of the fore-wings strongly convex, and the inner margin of hind-wings amplified and containing a fold and furrow, the outer margin produced and straight from the anal angle, not rounded, so that the hind-wing becomes oblong im shape. Again in coleta, Craim., the fore tibia in the male bears a long pencil of hairs, and the species is further separated by * Except in coleta, where vein 11 is short stalked with 9 and 10. IU The Genus Deilemera. 55 a slight difference in neuration, vein 11 of fore-wings being stalked with 9 and 10. A third sub-division of Section IL is necessary for the African species, including lewconoé, Hoptter; in this the hind-legs of the male sutfer great modification, the coxe are greatly elongated, the femora still more so, the tibiz are all but obsolete and without spurs, while the tarsi are much attenuated and almost equal to the femora in length, and are accompanied by a tuft of hairs as long as them- selves, from the femoro-tibial joint. The fourth sub-division contains species without second- ary sexual characteristics, and will include all the species heretofore placed under TZvripheromera, Zonosoma, and Leptosoma, amongst which there is no ditference whatever, except in the pattern and sometimes as in cenis in the length of the wings. As might be expected with moths of weak flight, nearly every island contains its own peculiar form; this of course does not of a necessity make each a good species, as in baulus, Boisd.= mundipicta, Walker, forms of which are found in nearly all the islands (probably in all), from the Philippines to the Solomon Group, and although one can generally trace some small difference in each, the differences are too slight for any attempt to make any distinctions. The Family NYCTEMERID stood for many years by itself, next to the CALLIDULIDA, where Kirby puts it in his catalogue of Heterocera. Meyrick, in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1886, p. 687, put the members of this group into the Family HYPSIDA = AGANAIDA, and though Hampson, in his Moths of India, vol. 11, put them into the ARCTIIDA, they have now been put in the National Collection with the Aganaidz, which is evidently their proper place, and they form a sub-division of that Family. KEY TO THE SUB-DIVISIONS OF Deilemera. Section I, Veins 6 and 7 of hind-wings not stalked, palpi short. A. Antenne not pectimated. -. . . . .. . (Atasca) p. Antenne shortly pectinated. . . . . . (Pitasild) Section II. Veins 6 and 7 of hind-wings stalked, palpi longer, antenne with long pectinations. A, Both wings of male abnormally developed. (Deilemera) B. Male with long tuft of hair to fore tibia. (coleta group) c. Male with abnormal hind-legs. . . . . (lewconoé group) D. Without secondary sexual characters. (Tripheromera* ) * Leptosoma and Zoiosoma being praeoecupied. 56 Colonel C. Swinhoe on Genus DEtLeMERA, Hiibner, Verz. Schmett, p. 178 (1815). Leptosoma, Boisd., Voy de l Astrolabe Lep., p. 197 (1832) (pracoce. ). Pitasila, Moore, P.Z. 8., 1877, p. 599. Zonosoma, Butler, Ill. Het. B. M., v, p. 44 (1881) (praeocc.). Tripheromera, Butler, l.c., p. 45. Tristania, Kirby, Cat. Het., i, p. 423 (1892). Atasca, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., i, p. 139 (1892). SECTION 1. Veins 6 and 7 of hind-wings not stalked, palpi short. A, ANTENNA NOT PECTINATED. . . . . (Atascc) DEILEMERA PELLEX. Phalena (Noctua) pellex, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, p. 530 (1758). Leptosoma pellex, Aurivillius, Ree. Crit. in Sv. Ak. Handl., xix (5), p. 161, pl. 1, £ 5 (1882). Atasca pellex, Swinhoe, |. c. Nyctemera artemis, Walker, 1, 394 (1854). Nyctemera separata, Walker, xxxi, 204 (1864). Sixteen examples from Batjan, Ceram, Aru, N. Guinea, Fergusson Isl., and N. Ireland. Type separate from Gilolo is in Mus. Oxon. DEILEMERA ALBIPUNCTA. (PI. III, f. 8.) Deilemera albipuncta, Druce, P. Z.S., 1888, p. 573. x . Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 164. Two examples from Guadaleanar Island (J/eck). A very distinct species. DEILEMERA SIGNATA. Deilemera signata, Butler, P. Z.8., 1878, p. 586. Nyctemera signata, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1891, p. 152. The type female from Darnley Island; it may be ar extreme form of pe//ex, but it is impossible to say, without seeing more examples. DEILEMERA EGROTA. Leptosoma xgrotum, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p- 145, pl. v, f. 15 (1892). The Genus Deilemera. al Nyctemera xgrotwm, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, QF p: 135. Two females from Queensland and one male from S.E. Australia. Type from N.S. Wales in Mus. Oxon. DEILEMERA SIMPLEX. Nyctemera simplex, Walker, xxxi, 207 (1864). Atasea simplex, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., i, p. 140, pl. 5, £ 18 (1892). Nyctemera dovix, Oberth., Ann. Mus. Genov., xv, pl. 4, f. 2 (1883). The type from N. Guinea is in Mus. Oxon. Oberthiir’s type came from the same locality. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA QUADRIPLAGA. Nyctemera quadriplaga, Walker, xxxi, 207 (1864). Atasca quadriplaga, Swinhoc, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 140, plo, & 991892). The type from New Guinea is in Mus. Oxon. It is not in the B. M. B. ANTENNE SHORTLY PECTINATED. . . (P2tasilw) DEILEMERA VARIANS. Nyctemera varians, Walker, 11, 400 (1854). Pitasila varians, Butler, Ill. Het. B. M., v, p. 46, pl. 88, f. 4 (1881). Pitasila moolaica, Moore, P. Z.8., 1878, p. 847, pl. 53, f. 10. Fourteen examples from Kashmir, Sikkim, Cachar, Karen Hills, Toungyen and Tenasserim, including both types. DEILEMERA INCONSTANS. Pitasila inconstans, Butler, P. Z.S., 1880, p. 672. 5 Es Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon.,i, p. 139. (1892). Six examples from Formosa, including the type, one from Carniguen, and one from Tizard Bank, China. DEILEMERA SEMPERT, nov. d. Palpi black, face, frons, head and fore part of thorax ochreous, a black spot on the frons, one on top of head, two on the collar, two 58 Colonel C. Swinhoe on on each patagia, two transverse black bands on the thorax in front, and a black spot behind, lower half of thorax and abdomen white, the latter with a dorsal row of black spots, one on each segment, and lateral double rows of black dots, anal tuft ochreous ; fore-wings black, with white markings, much as in P. disrupta, Butler, from the Solomon Islands, but there is an additional band of three white spots between the basal streak and the discal band, the latter is entire and is composed of five large spots: the hind-wings are white with a black marginal band containing two apical spots, and another a little below the middle, as in disrupte. Expanse of wings 2,'; inches. Hab, PALAWAN (Doherty). One example; there are several from the Philippines in Mr. Herbert Druce’s coll. It is the insect figured by Herr Semper as Pitasila leucospilota, Moore, in his great work on the Phil. Schmett, Heterocera, pl. 59, f. 6; though of course allied to that species it is absolutely distinct from it. DEILEMERA BIJUNCTELLA. Nyctemera bijunetella, Walker, xxxv, 1880 (1866). Pitasila bijunctella, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 139 (1892), Leptosoma maculosum, Felder (nec Walker), Reise Nov. Lep., pl. 1038, f. 2 (1869). The type example from the Philippines. DEILEMERA BURICA, Nyctemera burica, Holland, Nov. Zool., vu, p. 560 (1900). be » Lag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 156. One example from Sula Mangoli. The type came from Buru. DEILEMERA DISTINCTA, nov. (Pl. IV, f. 4.) d ¢@. White, head, thorax and tip of abdomen tinged with ochreous, last joint of palpi brown, one black spot on frons, two on collar and five on thorax, and a duplex row of black dots on the sides of the pure white abdomen ; wings with pale black bands, very much thinner in the female than in the male ; on the fore-wings the basal two-thirds of the subeostal vein is broadly black and is joined to a spot on the costa before its end, and connected with the hinder The Genus Deilemera. 59 margin by two bands, forming a circle ; there is a spot on the costa near the base, another on the hinder margin beyond the middle, submarginal and marginal irregular bands, the former almost con- nected by a streak with a spot on the costa above the end of the cell ; hind-wings with an outer marginal band, which is disconnected in its middle and has an apical white spot in the male, and is disconnected both at the middle and near the apex in the female. Expanse of wings 2 inches. Hab, SANGIR (Doherty). Two males and one female. DEILEMERA OROYA, nov. (PI. LV, f. 8.) Q. Palpi with the second and third joints black, first joint white, antennze black ; head, body, legs and wings white, a tinge of ochreous on face, head, shoulders, and tip of abdomen ; a black spot on the frons, one on the head, two on the collar, five on the thorax, a black dot on each segment of the abdomen on the sides, and a black line below them divided by the segments : wings with the bands and spots pale black ; fore-wings with a spot on costa before the middle, one at upper end of cell, a submarginal irregular band, ending at the hinder angle and joined to the outer margin below the apex, forming a large subapical white spot or space, a thickening on the basal half of subcostal vein, a slight thickening at the origin of vein 2 and another on the discoidal vein; hind-wings with an outer marginal band, containing two submarginal spots, subapical and medial. Expanse of wings 1 8, inches. Hab. SULA Best (Voherty). Two examples. DEILEMERA ABRAXOIDES. Nyctemera abraxoides, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., vi, p. 93 (1862). Pitasila abravoides, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., i, p. 139 (1892). Two examples from Borneo, including the type. DEILEMERA AMOSA, nov. (Pl. IV, f.6.) 3 2. Palpi, head and thorax yellow, a black spot between the antennee, another behind it, four on the collar and four on the thorax, abdomen white, anal tuft yellow ; fore-wings pale chocolate-erey, a white spot before the middle divided by the median vein, a longer 60 Colonel C. Swinhoe on white spot beneath it in the hinder margin, a broad discal white band, from the costa a little beyond the middle, widening in its centre and attenuated towards the hinder margin, three white sub- marginal spots as in Atasca pellex, Linn. ; hind-wings white with a broad chocolate-grey even band, containing two submarginal white spots, one subapical, the other beyond the middle. Expanse of wings 13 inches. Hab. DAMMA ISLAND. DEILEMERA DISRUPTA. Pitasila disrupta, Butler, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), xix, p. 223 (1887). Six examples from the Duke of York Island, Kiriwini and Alu, including the type. DEILEMERA SELECTA. Nyctemera selecta, Walker, 1, 399 (1854). ~ » Lag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 156. . Six examples from Alu, and the type without locality. DEILEMERA VARIOLOSA. Nyctemera variolosa, Felder, Reise Nov. Lep., pl. 129, f. 15 (1875). Pitasila variolosa, Cotes and Swinhoe, Cat. Het., p. 80 (1887). Two examples from the Andaman Islands and one from the Nicobars. DEILEMERA LEUCOSPILOTA. Nyctemera leucospilota, Moore, P. Z.8., 1887, p. 509, pl. 58, tee Pitasila leucospilota, Kirby, Cat., p. 422 (1892). Hight examples from the Andaman Islands, including the type. This form and disrupia, Pagenstecher sinks as synonyms to selecta (p. 156): Sir George Hampson sinks abraxoides, byunetella, and disrupta, omittiug inconstans. I cannot agree with either. Semper reared some from larve, but there is nothing to show that the eggs of one female produced two forms: dijunctella and inconstans are nearest to each The Genus Deilemera. 61 other in pattern, and may be local forms of the same thing, abraxoides seems to be very distinct: the members of each species shown above do not vary, there is not one inter- mediate form amongst them, and therefore unless proved otherwise by breeding they must be kept distinct. DEILEMERA GUTTULOSA. Nyctemera guttulosa, Walker, xxxi, 201 (1864). Pitasila guttulosa, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., i, p. 138 (1892), Nyctemera abrazxata, Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent., xxii, p. 73, pl. 6, f. 6 (1879). One example (the type) from Celebes; there are two from the same locality in Mus. Oxon. DEILEMERA SPECULARIS. Nyctemera specularis, Walker, vii, 1665 (1856). Pitasila specularis, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., i, p. 139 (1892). Two examples including the type from Ceram; there are two also from the same locality in Mus. Oxon. SECTION II. Veins 6 and 7 of hind-wings stalked, palpi longer, antennze with long pectinations. A, BOTH WINGS OF MALE ABNORMALLY DEVELOPED, (Deilemera) DEILEMERA EVERGISTA. Phalena (Geometra) evergista, Cram., Pap. Exot., iv, p. 155, pl. 369, f. E (1781). Deilemera evergista, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon.,1, p. 147 (1892). Two examples from Amboina. DEILEMERA UNIPLAGA, nov. (PI. III, f. 2.) é- Palpi with first joint ochreous, second and third joints black, ochreous inside and with ochreous tips; antenne black ; head, thorax and abdomen dark ochreous with black bands and spots, a spot on the frons, one behind base of antenne, four on the collar, three on the thorax, and a band on each segment of the abdomen ; fore-wings blackish-brown with a large white patch in the disc, extending from below vein 3 across the end of the cell to the costa where it is narrowest ; hind-wings white with a broad blackish-brown 62 Colonel C. Swinhoe on marginal border, which suddenly becomes diffuse and ends after rounding the angle: on the under-side the wings are as on the upper- side, quite as dark, the veins in the fore-wings pale and a subapical white dot. Expanse of wings 2;'; inches. Hab, Frerausson Ist. (A. S. Meek). Two examples; wings shaped as in D. evergista, Cram. Pagenstecher in Jahrb, Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 165, sinks mutabilis, Walker, from Ternate (noted in Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 147), to evergista, Cram., but this cannot hold, the white patch in the disc of fore-wing inclines inwards, whereas in evergista it inclines outwards and is altogether of a different nature. DEILEMERA INTERCISA. Nyctemera wntercisa, Walker, xxxi, 205 (1864). Deilemera intercisa, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 147 (1892). The type from Amboina is in Mus, Oxon. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA MACULATA. Nyctemera maculata, Walker, 11, 396 (1854). . a Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 1682, 1.0: Nyctemera noviespunctatum, Voll., Tid. v. Dierk., 1, p. 42 (1863). One example (the type) without locality, from Children’s coll., probably Java. DEILEMERA ZRES. Leptosoma exes, Boisd., Voy. de lAstrolabe Lep., p. 198 (1832). Nyctemera mutabilis, var., Walker, xxxi, 206 (1864). Deilemera mutabilis, Swinhoe (note), Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., i, p. 147 (1892). Walker’s type from Ternate and one example from Buru. DEILEMERA LEUCTRA, nov. (PI. IV, f. 5.) 49. Palpi with the first joint yellow, second and third black, head, thorax and abdomen ochreous yellow, with black spots and The Genus Deilemera. 63 bands, a spot on the frons, one behind the base of the antenne, four on the collar, five on the thorax and broad segmental bands on the abdomen ; fore-wings black, witha large white patch (as in D. miilleri, Voll.) at the base, a larger white patch covering the whole of the dise, extending from near the costa to near the hinder margin, its inner margin recurved, its outer margin outwardly dentated, its lower side having a small square projection, two submarginal white spots, one a little above the middle, the other larger and subapical ; hind-wings white with a broad black band, with two white spots as in the fore- wings, the band complete in the female, but in the male it terminates abruptly at vein 2, and is followed by two black spots. Expanse of wings 2,1; inches. Hab. SANGIR (Doherty); TALAUT (Doherty). Allied to D. miilleri, Voll, from Borneo, which is very distinct from D. cavissima, Swinhoe, from Assam. Pagen- stecher on p. 164 puts them together ; though the pattern of the wings is somewhat similar the shape of the two insects is very different, carissima having long narrow wings and in the male an excavation in the hind-wings a little before the anal angle, making the angle produced hindwards. DEILEMERA GERRA, nov. (PI. IV, f. 1.) ¢ 2. Palpi, head and body as in D. leuctra ; fore-wings blackish- brown, a white basal patch narrower than in Jevctra, a narrow discal white patch with a round excavation on its inner side, toothed on its outer side, but with no square projection hind-wards ; hind-wings white with a broad blackish-brown band with the white spots as in leuctra, but without the two black spots in the male in continuation of the marginal band. Expanse of wings 2 inches. Hab, TALAvT (Doherty). The white bands on the fore-wings of the female are rather broader than those in the male. DEILEMERA MULLERI. Leptosoma miilleri, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk, i, p. 41 (1863). Deilemera miilleri, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 164. Two males and three females from Borneo. 64 Colonel C. Swinhoe on DEILEMERA CARISSIMA. Deilemera carissima, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1891, p. 447, pl. 19, f. 1. Deilemera carissina, Hampson, Moths, India, ii, p. 46 (1894). - One male and one female (types) from the Khasia Hills; T have also a pair from the same locality in my museum. DEILEMERA ZERENOIDES. Tripheromera zerenoides, Butler, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 380 (1881). One female (the type) from Sumatyra. It more nearly resembles carisstma, Swinhoe, than anything else. DEILEMERA ARCTATA. Nyetemera arctata, Walker, vii, 1664 (1856). Deilemera arctuta, Hampson, Moths, India, ui, p. 45, f. 21 2 (1894). Nyctemera maculosa, Walker, xxxi, 198 (1864). Five examples from Sikkim, Assam, and Burma; the type from Cherra Punji in the Khasia Hills, Assam, is in Mus. Oxon. B. MALE WITH LONG TUFT OF HAIR TO FORE TIBI&. (coleta group) DEILEMERA COLETA. Phalena coleta, Cram., Pap. Exot., iv, pl. 368, f. H-(1781). Nyctemera coleta, Hiibner, Verz. Schmett., p. 178 (1818). _ _ Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 142. Sixteen examples from Tenasserim, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Amboina and Ceram. DEILEMERA NIGROVENOSA. Nyctemera nigrovenosa, Moore, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 394. Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. > 141 (1892). The Genus Deilemera. 65 Seven examples from Ceylon, including the type; Pagenstecher following Hampson has put it as a synonym to coleta. DEILEMERA MELANEURA. Leptosoma melaneura, Butler, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), xii, p. 160 (1888). 2 “5 Weymer, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xlvi, p. 974 (1885). The type example from Nias. In my collection are two from Nias and some in Mr. Herbert Druce’s collection ; it seems to be confined to the Island and is quite distinct from either coleta or nigrovenosa. C, MALE WITH ABNORMAL HIND LEGS. . (leucono’ group) DEILEMERA LEUCONOE. Nyctemera leuconoé, Hopfter, Berl. Mon. Acad., p. 422 (1857). Leptosoma leuconoé, Butler, P. Z.8., 1898, p. 419. Three examples from Abyssinia, one from Foda, four labelled E. Africa, two from Nyassa Land, two from Zomba, one from Delagoa Bay, and six from Natal. DEILEMERA INSULARIS, Leptosoma insulare, Boisd., Faun. Madag., p. 84, pl. 12, f 1 (1833). ; Three examples from Madagascar. DEILEMERA CONSORS. Leptosoma consors, Butler, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), xv, p. 192 GUSTO): The type from the Island of Johanna. DEILEMERA FALLAX. Nyctemera fallax, Holland, Ent. News. and Proc. Ent. Soc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., iv, p. 59 (1893). F Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 147. One example from Ogove River ; the type came from the same locality and is in coll. Holland. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 5 66 Colonel C. Swinhoe on DEILEMERA PERSPICUA. Nyctemera perspicua, Walker, 11, 898 (1854). Ten examples from Sierra Leone, Old Calabar, and the Congo, including the type. DEILEMERA BIFORMIS. Nychthemera biformis, Mab., Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., ii, p. 87 (1878). Nyctemera biformis, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 149. Nyctemera mabillei, Butler, Ent. Mo, Mag., xix, p. 57 (1882). Two males and one female (Butler's type) from Madagascar. In Ent. Mo. Mag., xix, p. 57, Butler says, that as they have received in the B. M. a black female from Madagascar almost exactly like the male, the white insect described by Mabille cannot be the female of biformis. J have care- fully examined thisso-called black female ; it is not a female, but a male with frenulum and retinaculum complete, and I cannot therefore see why this white female should not be the female of Jiformis, and it must stand as such until proved otherwise. DEILEMERA APICALIS. Nyctemera apicalis, Walker, 1, 395 (1854). - 2 Waterhouse, Aid, pl. 178, f. 4 (1880). . A Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 145. One example (type) from W. Africa, and one from Ashanti. Kirby put tricolor, Felder, as a var. of this species, and Pagenstecher does the same; but judging from Felder’s figure I do not believe this to be correct, apicalis having a very broad discal pure white band. DEILEMERA RESTRICTA. Leptosoma restrictum, Butler, P. Z.S., 1894, p. 585. Nyctemera restrictum, Pag. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 146. Four examples from E. Africa, including the type. The Genus Deilemera. 67 DEILEMERA ANTINORILI. Nyetemera antinorii, Oberthiir, Ann. Mus. Genova, xv, po les; plot; fT (sso): Two from Sierra Leone, two from Mongo-ma-Lobak, nine from Old Calabar, three from the River Nigra, and one from the Cameroons. DEILEMERA ACRAINA. Nyctemera acreina, Druce, P. Z. 8., 1882, p. 780. Type, Calabar in coll. Druce. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA CHROMIS. Nyctemera chromis, Druce, P. Z. S., 1882, p. 780, pl. 65, f. 2. The type from W. Africa is in coll. Druce. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA FULLERL. Nyctemera fulleri, Drace, Ent. Mo. Mag., xx, p. 157 (1883). The type from the Cameroons is in coll. Druce. It is not in the B. M. D. WITHOUT SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS. — (7'ripheromera) DEILEMERA PLAGIFERA. Nyctemera plagifera, Walker, u, 400 (1854). Tripheromera plagifera, Butler, Il. Het. B. M., v, p. 45, pl. 88, f. 3 (1881). Twenty-five examp'es from W. China, Loochoo, Hong Kong, Nepaul, Darjiling, Assam, Silhet (type), and the Nilgiri Hills. DEILEMERA LUDEKINGII. Leptosoma ludekingit, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk., 1, p. 49 (1863). F Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent., xlii, p. 108, pl os b. t h (1S99) > ys Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., Osea pleat, Lill, One example from Sumatra. Pagenstecher’s figure is better than Snellen’s, Pagenstecher puts zerenoides, 68 Colonel C. Swinhoe on Butler, as a synonym, but that species belongs to a dif- ferent section of the Family. DEILEMERA CENIS. Phalena cenis, Cram., Pap. Exot., 1, pl. 147, f. E (1777). Nyctemera interlectum, Walker, 11,400 (1854). Fifteen examples from Loo Choo, Shan States, Kashmir, Dera Dhun, Chin Hills, Jawai Hills, Darjiling, Sikkim, Assam, and Walker's type from Silhet. DEILEMERA ANNULATA. Leptosoma annulatum, Boisd., Voy. de Astrolabe Lep., p. MES alloaay ih, 2) (iets 74) Nyctemera annulata, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, pe Nyctemera doubledayi, Walker, 11,392 (1854). Fourteen examples from New Zealand including Walker's type. DEILEMERA AMICA. Aglages amicus, White in Grey’s Journ. Exped. Austral., ii, p. 482 (1841). Nyctemera amica, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2), 1, p. 760 (1886). Nyctemera annulata, Walker (nec Boisd.), 11, 391 (1854). Leptosoma plagiatum, Guen., Ent. Mo. Mag., v, p. 2 (1868). Nyetemera conica, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, (oe Eleven examples from $.E. Australia; Pagenstecher’s conica is evidently a misprint for @mzcc. DEILEMERA SECUNDARIA. Leptosoma secundariwm, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vi, p. 280 (1891). Four examples from Queensland, ditfering nearly as much from amica as amica does from annulata. DEILEMERA LATEMARGINATA. (PI. III, fi 4.) Nyctemera latemarginata, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901;-p) 14: One example from N. Guinea. The Genus Deilemera. 69 It has only two spots on the fore-wings, and is therefore not absolutely identical with Pagenstecher’s type, but I am convinced it must belong to the same species. DEILEMERA DISTINCTA. Nyctemera distincta, Walker, 11, 892 (1854). -f : Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, PaclO SH ole 2ecteele Five examples from Java including the type. Pagen- stecher’s figure does not well represent the typical form ; the type has hardly an indication of the white discal band of fore-wings, and in none of the examples in this Museum is the band plainly shown, and the yellow streaks are very faintly indicated. DEILEMERA Poplya, nov. (PI. III, figs. 3 and 7.) ¢ Q. First joint of palpi bright ochreous, second and third black, a large black spot on frons, one behind the base of antennz, twoon collar, one on each shoulder, three black longitudinal stripes on the thorax, all the spots and stripes edged with bright ochreous ; fore-wings dark blackish-brown above and below, a broad white discal band on the under-side, from vein 2 to the costa; vein 1, the median and sub-costal veins white ; on the upper-side the broad white band can be very dis- tinctly seen, and all the veins on the basal third are yellow ; the hind- wings are white with a broad blackish-brown border and with some brown suffusion at the base; cilia whitish ; abdomen grey with white segmental bands and gold tip. Expanse of wings 1;%5 inches. Hab. JAVA, six examples. On the upper-side it is something lke distincta, but the band on the hind-wings is much narrower, and the abdomen is whiter, pure white beneath, with a double row of black spots on each side ; underneath the markings of fore-wings are very distinctive. DEILEMERA TRITA. Nyctemera trita, Walker, u, 394 (1854). rr 7 Moore, Cat; ep. EAC. ix) p. 331, pl. 8a, f. 9 (1858). Leptosoma tritum, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 148 (1892). Nine examples from Java, including the type. 70 Colonel ©. Swinhoe on DEILEMERA SUBVELATA. Nyctemera subvelata, Walker, xxx1, 200 (1864). Leptosoma subvelatwm, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 144 (1892). Leptosoma infuscata, Hoptier, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xxxv, p. 44 (1874). Nyctemera infuscata, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p: 129. Three examples from Celebes, including Walker’s type. I have examples in my own Museum from Celebes that have been identified as in/uscata by Pagenstecher. DEILEMERA CLATHRATA. Leptosoma clathratum, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk., 1, p. 48 (1863). Nyctemera clathratum, Pag. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., TOOM os USC ipl 2a 2s One male from Ceram which seems identical with Pagenstecher’s figure 1s in my coll. lt is not in the B. M. D&EILEMERA ASSIMILE. Leptosoma assinile, Voll.. Tijd. v. Dierk., 1, p. 89 (1863). Nyetemera assimile, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, pe LOS ple 2. Leptosoma confusum, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 144 (1892) One example from Java. The types of confusum from Java are in Mus. Oxon. DEILEMERA ALTERNATA. Nyctemera alternata, Walker, xxxv, 1879 (1866). * - Semper, Phil. Sclimett., p. 495, pl. 58, Peo Los S99): The type example from the Philippines. DEILEMERA RADIATA. Nyctemera radiata, Walker, vu, 1664 (1856). 7 Semper, Phil. Schmett., p. 494, pl. 58, f, 8, 2 (1899). Leptosoma radiata, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., i, p. 142, luo, f LOEIS02); The Genus Deilemera. 71 Two females from the Philippines. The type from Manilla is in Mus. Oxon. DEILEMERA VELANS. Nyctemera velans, Walker, xxxi, 200 (1864). Leptosoma velans, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 144, pl. 5,.f£ 7 (1892). Nyctemera velans, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 131. The type from Celebes is in Mus. Oxon. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA LOMBOKIANA, Nov. ¢ 2. Palpi with first joint ochreous, second and third black, frons and head pale ochreous, nearly white, a black spot on frons, one on head and two on collar, all large ; thorax and abdomen dark brown, the former with longitudinal pale yellow lines, the latter with white hairs and indistinct whitish segmental bands and ochreous tip ; wings of auniform dark brown ; fore-wings with veins yellowish on basal third, an indistinct discal band of six inconspicuous small spots, the last two the largest, the others uniform in size and very small, all of them suffused more or less with brown ; hind-wings with a small central space whitish. Expanse of wings 1,5, inches. Hab. LOMBOCK, one pair. Received from a Continental dealer as NV. lombokiana, Fruhstorfer; but I can find no reference: it is allied to assimile, Voll., and propria, Swinhoe. DEILEMERA PROPRIA. Leptosoma proprium, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 144, pl. 5, f. 12 (1892). Nyctemera proprium, Semper, Phil. Schmett., p. 495, pl. 58, fi 11 3; 12; 13; 14 2 899). The types f 9 from the Philippines are in Mus. Oxon. Semper records it from the Babuyan Islands, Bohol, Camotes, and East Mindanao. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA QUADRIGUTTATA. Leptosoma quadriguttatwm, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk., 1, p. 40 (1863). Nyctemera quadriguttatum, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 114, pl. 2, f. 9. ~T SJ) 2 Colonel C. Swinhoe on One example from Java. Not the same as hondekwm, Swinhoe, as Pagenstecher says: that species being more nearly allied to distincta, Walker. DEILEMERA SEXMACULATA, Leptosoma seemaculatum, Butler, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), xix, 222 (1887). Nyctemera aolensis, Druce, P. Z.8., 1888, p. 573. Two males and four females, Alu, Solomon Islands, including Butler’s type ; Druce’s type came from Guadal- canar, Solomon Islands; there is much less white in the females than in the males, especially on the hind-wings. DEILEMERA EXTENDENS. Nyetemera extendens, Walker, vii, 1666 (1856). . Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. L2G plo eel Nyctemera horites, Druce, P. Z.8., 1888, p. 573. Walker’s type from New Hebrides and nine examples from Alu, Solomon Islands; Druce’s type, a female, also came from the Solomon Islands. I have it in my coll. from Treasury Isl. and New Georgia. DEILEMERA SYRNIA, nov. (PI. III, f. 6.) 2. Palpi with the first joint dull orange, second and third joints black, large deep black spots edged with pale orange, filling up all the spaces, one on the frons, one behind the base of antenne, two on the collar, one on each shoulder, and three longitudinal stripes similarly edged filling up the entire surface of the thorax ; abdomen black, tip ochreous, segmental bands thin and white above, broad and ochreous beneath ; fore-wings deep black, vein 1 and the median vein slightly ochreous towards the base, a discal white band, divided by the veins into seven spots, much indented, almost dislocated at the lower end of the cell, the upper spot near the costa very small, the fourth and seventh much smaller than the rest, the seventh just below vein 2; hind-wings with a broad deep black marginal band, scooped inwards from veins 2 to 5, extending along the costa and partly up the abdominal margin. Expanse of wings 1,8, inches. Hab, FERGUSSON ISLAND (Meek). Two examples. The Genus Deilemera. ie DEILEMERA KAPAURENSIS, nov. (PI. IIT, f. 1.) Q. Allied to syrnia, fore-wings not quite so deep black, all the veins in the basal half whitish, the discal band similarly shaped, but broader, the subcostal spot as large as the lowest spot, the band extending below vein 1 forming eight spots, a white stripe in the basal two-thirds of the hinder margin ; hind-wings as in syrnia, but the costal band with a short production hindwards in its centre ; the abdomen also differs in being ochreous below, with black segmental macular bands. Expanse of wings 1,5, inches. Hab. Kapaur, N. Guinea (Doherty). One example. DEILEMERA DRUCEI, nov. ¢ 9. Palpi black, ochreous beneath and at the base, face and head ochreous, but with the spots so large as to make them look black, thorax black with ochreous longitudinal stripes, abdomen black ; with ochreous segmental bands and ochreous tip ; fore-wings deep black, in the male there is a white mark below end of cell which looks like the termination of a stripe from the base, this is wanting in the female ; a white discal band, not macular, fairly uniform in width, curved in- wards, with two indentations on its inner side ; on the basal third the veins are s'ightly ochreous, and there is a white streak on the hinder margin, from the base to two-thirds its length ; hind-wings white with the usual black marginal band, without any spots. Expanse of wings 1,°; inches. Hab, N. AUSTRALIA, types in Mus. Druce ; not in B. M. The only species in the Family I have yet seen with the discal band of fore-wings curving inwards. DEILEMERA DISPAR, nov. ¢. Palpi with first and second joints ochreous, last joint black, frons, head and collar ochreous, frons with one black spot, head with a large black spot, and the collar with two, oecupying nearly the whole space, thorax and abdomen black, the former with ochreous longitudinal stripes, the latter with segmental white bands, which go completely round the abdomen, are ochreous in the last two segments, and there is an ochreous stripe along each side containing black spots ; tip orange ; fore-wings black, veins without markings, the discal white band broad, extending almost to the hinder margin near the angle, divided by the veins into seven spots, much as in D. alwensis, 74 Colonel C. Swinhoe on Butler, but closer together and more compact ; hind-wings white, with the usual black band on the margins. Expanse of wings 1,§, inches. Hab, Rosset IsLtaAnp, Louisiade Group. Its black colour, without any vein markings, separates it from the mundipicta group, which it otherwise somewhat resembles. DEILEMERA LACTICINIA. Phalena (Geometra) lacticinia, Cram., Pap. Exot., ii, pl. 128, ee DOW iCO Leptosomna lacticinia, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p- 141 (1892). Fifteen examples from Hong Kong, Canara, Cachar, Malabar, Nilgiri Hills, Ceylon, and Penang; the Penang examples have the discal band of the fore-wings rather wide, but seem otherwise identically the same as those from India. DEILEMERA SIMULATRIX. Nyctemera simulatrix, Walker, xxxi, 198 (1864). Leptosoma simulatriz, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 143 (1892). One example from Celebes. The type from Celebes is in Mus. Oxon. DEILEMERA NIGROVENA, nov. (Pl. IV, fig. 2.) Q. First two joints of palpi dull orange-yellow, last joint black, head and thorax orange-yellow, one black spot on the frons, one behind the base of antennze, two black bands on the collar, a spot on each shoulder, and three longitudinal bands on the thorax ; abdomen white above with black segmental bands, below slightly yellow tinged, with the bands macular ; fore-wings black, the veins on the basal half white, discal band composed of eight spots as in mundipicta, but well separated from each other by the veins, except the spot at the end of the cell, which is joined to the spot outside the end ; hind-wings white, with the usual broad marginal band, with all the veins black ; veins 1, la, the median, and subcostal veins with a thin band of black suffusion on each side. Expanse of wings 2,°, inches, Hab, SoutH CELEBES (Pruhstorfer). One example. The Genus Deilemera. SY OU DEILEMERA KALA. Leptosoma kala, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 143, pl. 5, f. 8 (1892): The type from Ké Island is in Mus. Oxon. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA BAULUS. Leptosoma baulus, Boisd., Voy. de Astrolabe Lep., p. 200 (18382). Nyctemera mundipicta, Walker, Saran Linn. Soc. Lond., il, p. 184 (1859). Leptosoma mundipicta, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1 p. 141, pl. 5, f. 14 (1892). Nyetemera herklotsit, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk., 1, p. 39 (1863 " fr Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., L901, joe LST OL ai, Thirty-five examples from New Britain, New Ireland, Borneo, Singapore, Ternate, Amboina, Trobriand Island, Fergusson Island, Sumatra, Java and Ceram; in the Oxford Museum it is also from Flores, Gilolo, New Guinea, Mysol, and New Caledonia. It seems to have a very wide range, and is variable as to the width of the discal white wa arlhire band of the fore-wings and the marginal band of hind-wings. There are in the B. M. ten examples from Java, some identical with Pagenstecher’s figure of herh/otsi, and none of them separable from baulus, and also many examples from Buru (where Boisduval’s type came from) are in the Tring Museum, some of which I have examined. DEILEMERA FASCIATA. Nyctemera fasciata, Walker, vu, 1665 (1856). Nyetemera latistriga, Snellen (nec Walker), Tijd. v. Ent., Oth tO, Ceol Gp a, 5) CUS) . x Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 120. Nyetemera latistriya, var. fasciata, Rober, Tijd. v. Ent., LOSING ]on Bd (SSH), Nyctemera tertiana, Meyrick, Ent. Mo..Mag., xxii, p. 15 (1886). ~ . Fags lec, ps Lan The type from Aneitum, and six examples from Fiji 76 Colonel ©. Swinhoe on and Adelaide: it has been recorded from Celebes, Ceram, Aru, N. Guinea, Flores, Timorlaut, Ulasser, Shortland Island, and Solomon Islands; it 1s very doubtfully distinct from baulus. DEILEMERA INTEGRA. (PI. III, f. 5.) Nyctemera integra, Walker, xxxv, 1879 (1866). Leptosoma integra, Kirby, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), ii, p. 187 (1889). Leptosoma imundipicta, Swinhoe (part), Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon ip. alee otal (1892). Semper, Phil. Schmett., p. 498, pl. 50, f. 4 2 (1899). One female example (the type) from the Philippines, one from Alu, Solomon Islands, and two from the Caroline Islands. This species is very similar in some respects to avwndi- preta, Walker, but it is blacker, and the spots forming the discal band of the fore-wings are closer together and more compact, the veins dividing them being white, not black ; the latter have the abdomen yellower, but are otherwise identical. The figure represents one of the Caroline Island examples. DEILEMERA ALUENSIS. Nyctemera aluensis, Butler, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), xix, p. 222 (1887). , Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, peo. Two male and three female examples from Alu, Solomon Islands, including the types. 5 DEILEMERA KINAGANANGA, nov. gd @. Palpi with first joint ochreous, last two black ; frons, lead and thorax ochreous, the first with one spot, one on the head, two on the collar ; thorax with longitudinal black stripes, and a black spot at the base ; abdomen white with black segmental bands above, three rows of black spots on each side ; wings very much as in D, baulus, 3o0isd, = mundipicta, Walker, except that the hinder margin of fore-wings has a white stripe from base to below the discal band, and A . Land The Genus Deilemera. mm a prominent white streak in the interno-median interspace, also from the base to near the discal band; the black band on the hind-wings is as narrow as it 1s in lacticinia, Cram. Expanse of wings 1,°, inches. Hab. KINAGANANG, New Britain. DEILEMERA KONDEKA. Leptosoma kondekum, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 144 (1892). One example from Java. Types from Java in Mus. Oxon. DEILEMERA ILLUSTRIS, nov. ¢ @. Last joint of palpi black, first and second joints, the head and collar bright ochreous, a black spot on the frons, one on top of head and four on the collar ; thorax and abdomen white, tinged with yellow in parts, the last two joints of abdomen bright ochreous ; thorax with three longitudinal black bands, abdomen with a black band on each segment ; fore-wings brown, blackish on the outer half, pale and tinged with green on the basal half; a white streak on hinder margin for two-thirds its length, the veins on the basal half white, a white streak through the middle of the cell, another white streak much broader in the interno-median interspace from the base to the discal band, where it runs into and forms the lowest spot of the six that form the band; the second spot is large and kidney- shaped, the first and third are the smallest, the fourth longer, the fifth longest ; hind-wings with a black outer border, as in mundipicta. Expanse of wings 2 inches. Hab, Atv, Solomon Islands. Two pairs, described by Dr. Butler as a/uensis, var., but they are certainly quite distinct from that species. DEILEMERA NISA, nov. (PI. IV, f. 7.) 6 ¢@. Palpi with the first joint ochreous, second and third black, head and collar ochreous, a black spot on the frons, one on top of head, two on the collar, one on each shoulder ; thorax and abdomen white, the hind part of the former and the last two segments of the latter ochreous ; three longitudinal black bands on thorax, and a black spot on the yellow part ; abdomen with black segmental bands above, and a double row of black spots on each side; fore-wings black, veins on the basal half pure white, a white streak throughout the middle of 78 Colonel C, Swinhoe on the cell to the diseal band, a much broader and prominent white streak in the interno-median interspace, also from base to discal band, the latter composed of white spots much as in bawlus, but broader than usual, the large spot second from the costa nearly round, hinder marginal border with a white streak for two-thirds its length ; hind-wings white with marginal black band as in bavlus. Expanse of wings 1,3, inches. Hab. SANGIR (Doherty). Male and female, the types, and one male marked Celebes. It somewhat resembles a@/wensis, Butler. DEILEMERA OBTUSA. Nyctemera obtusa, Walker, vu, 1666 (1856). - ie Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, joe dhs Three examples from Celebes, including the type. In Kiikenthal’s Reise (Abhandl. Senckenbergschen Gesellschaft), p. 440, pl. 18, f 4, Pagenstecher described and figured NV. consobiina, Hopffer. In Jahrb. Nass. Ver. 1901, p. 115, he says that this was a mistake, and that the description and figure represent 1. obtusa, Walker; but this also is an error, the figure being very unlike Walker’s species, and representing a species with which I am not acquainted. DEILEMERA LATISTRIGA. Nyctemera latistriga, Walker, 11, 397 (1854). Leptosoma latistriga, Butler, Hl. Het. B. M., v., p. 44, pl. 88, f. 1 (1881). Nyctemera inconstans, Voll, Tijd. v. Dierk., 1, p. 47 (1863). Nyctemera consobrina, Hopter, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1874, p. 45. Nyctemera arcuatum, Swinhoe (nec Voll.), Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., i, p. 142 (1892). Twenty-two examples from Borneo, Silhet, Ceylon, Burma, Sumatra, Java, Pulo Laut, and the type from Maulmein. Arcuatum, Voll., was wrongly identified in the B. M., and this led me to sink itas asynonym to datistriga in Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. Snellen in Tijd. v. Ent., xli, p. 26, pl. 1, £3, 4, 5 (1898), says it belongs to the Chalcosiide ; Pagenstecher (p. 114) makes consobrina, Hopfter, a distinct species ; he The Genus Deilemera. 79 does not say he has seen Hopffer’s type, but the description exactly fits /atistriga: “Der Raum zwischen mediana und submediana ist auf der innern Fliigelhalfte durch eine spindelformige oder ein langgezogenes Dreieck bildende Liingsbinde ausgefiillt die aber die weisse Querbinde nicht erreicht.” If this does not describe latistviga it describes something very near it; the elongated white triangle in the interno-median interspace together with the dese ription of the discal band of fore-wings is peculiarly distinctive to latistriga. DEILEMERA ACCEPTA. Leptosoma acceptum, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 143, pl. byt. 3.1892). Pag., Kiikenthal’s Reise in Abh, Senckenb. Naturf, Ges. ., 1897, p. 440. The type from Celebes, a female, is in Mus. Oxon. I have in my collection a male from Flores (Everett), which seems to me to be identical. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA SONTICA. Leptosoma sonticum, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 142 (1892). Nyctemera sonticum, Semper, Phil. Schmett., p. 494, pl. f. 5 2 (1898). The types ? 2 from the Philippines are in Mus. Oxon. ; it is recorded by Semper from Luzon, Mindoro and Bohol ; I have in my collection a male from Mindoro and a female from Palawan. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA ABSURDA. Leptosoma absurdum, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., i, p. 143 (1892). Nyctemera absurdum, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 135. The male type, from Salawatti Island, is im Mus. Oxon.; it is not in the B. M. SO Colonel C. Swinhoe on DEILEMERA LUCTUOSA. Leptosoma luctuosum, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk., 1, p. 42 (1863). Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxons 1p: 146 (1892). Nyctemera crescens, Walker, xxxi, 204 (1864). ? > One example from Morova, one from Batjan, and one from Sula; the type of evescens from Morty is in Mus. Oxon. DEILEMERA GALBANA. Leptosoma galbanum, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 146 (1892). Nyctemera galbanum, Semper, Phil. Schmett., p. 429, pl. 58, heel 899): The types ¢ 2 from the Philippines are in Mus. Oxon. Semper records it from Luzon. It is not in the B. M. DEILEMERA ONETHA. Leptosoma onetha, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), vu, p. 466 (1901). The type example from New Britain. DEILEMERA TRIPUNCTARIA. Phalena tripunctaria, Linn., Syst. Nat., x, p. 523 (1758). Phalena petulea, Sparrm. Ameen. Acad., xii, p. 500 (1769). Nyetemera atralba, Hiibn., Verz. Schmett., p- 178 (1818). Nyctemera suimatrensis, Heylarts, Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxxiv, p. xvii (1890). Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p= 139s pl 2.1..6: Eleven examples from Penang, Malacca, Lankawi, Singa- pore. Sumatra, Borneo, and Siam. The example from Sumatra in the National Collection is identical with Pagenstecher’s figure of swmatrensis and is not separable from the other examples of tr7punctaria. The Genus Deilemera. 81 DEILEMERA CELSA. Nyetemera celsa, Walker, xxxi, 199 (1864). Leptosoma celsum, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., 1, p. 144 (1892). Four examples from Hong Kong and Foo-Chow; the type from Siam is in Mus. Oxon.; it is the extreme Eastern form of tripunctaria. DEILEMERA PICATA. Secusto picatus, Butler, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), vii, p. 380 (1881). The type example from Sumatra. This is much hke regularis, but it is I think distinct; the type example is that of a female with a white streak in the interno-median interspace on fore-wimgs, and the discal band is much broader ; regu/aris, of which there are both sexes in the National Collection, has no sign whatever of a discal streak and is well figured by Pagenstecher. DEILEMERA REGULARIS. Leptosoma regularis, Snellen, Mid. Sum. Lep., p. 384 (1880). Nyetemera regularis, Pag., Pp 1395 ple ra 5: Three examples from Sumatra. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, DEILEMERA KINABALINA. Nyctemera kinabalina, Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent., xlii, p. 110, pl. 5 B, f. 2 (1899). One female example marked Borneo; it is considerably larger then Snellen’s figure of the male, but is undoubtedly the same species, DEILEMERA HARCA. Leptosoma harca, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xii, p. 215 (1893). Nyctemera herce (sic), .Holland (sic), Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 138. Nine examples from Malacca, including the type. There are some curious printer’s errors in Pagenstecher’s paper. 2g TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 6 82 Colonel C. Swinhoe on DEILEMERA OVADA, Nov. 2. Palpi white, third joint and top of second black ; frons, thorax and abdomen white, slightly tinged in parts with yellow, a black spot on frons, one on head, two on collar and one on each shoulder ; thorax with brown longitudinal stripes, abdomen with no markings above, a double row of brown stripes on each side, tip ochreous; fore- wings pale bronzy-brown, a white spot on the costa with an indistinct small streak below it, indicating the commencement of the usual discal band, no other markings above ; below, the discal band is more apparent, consisting of two large wedge-shaped spots disconnected from each other; hind-wings white, with the usual marginal band, of the same colour as the fore-wings. Expanse of wings 15 inches. Hab. WAINGAPO, Sumba Isls. I have also a female from the same locality in my coll. ; it is allied to nothing I know of. DEILEMERA OPTATA. (PI. IV, f. 3.) ¢. First joint of palpi ochreous, second and third brown, frons pure white with a black spot, top of head and collar ochreous, the former with one black spot, the latter with two ; thorax white with three longitudinal black stripes, abdomen white with grey dorsal spots and some blackish spots on the sides towards the tip, which is ochreous ; fore-wings pale greyish-fawn colour, a white stripe in the interno-median interspace from base to near hinder angle, the diseal band white, divided by the fawn-coloured veins and all run- ning on to the margin, with the exception of the costal spot above end of cell which is small ; hind-wings white with short fawn-coloured indistinct streaks in the interspaces near the outer margin; under-side same as above but with the fawn-coloured parts darker. Expanse of wings 1;‘s inches. Hab. SUMATRA, one example. DEILEMERA AMPLIFICATA. Tanada (?) amplificata, Walker, xxxii, 377 (1865). Tripheromera amplificata, Kirby, Cat. Moths, 1, p. 423 (1892). Nyctemera cydippe, Weymer, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xlvi, p. 274, pl. 2, f. 8 (1885). = es Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 134. ‘Three examples from Nias and the type without locality ; The Genus Deilemera. 83 seems to be contined to the Island of Nias; there are a number in Mr. Herbert Druce’s collection and in mine. DEILEMERA ALBA. Nyctemera alba, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 135. Three examples from Viti and Samoa. The following species, described as such, do not belong to this Genus or Family :— Nyectemera (2) vagata, Walker, xxxi, 208 (1864), N. Australia. Is a Noctuid near the genus Ipana, Jordan, Nov. Zool., iii, p. 54 (1896). Nyctemera arcuatwm, Voll, Tijd. v. Dierkunde, 1, p. 45 (1863), Lombok. This is said to be a Chalcosia, vide Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent., xli, p. 26, pl. i, f. 3 (1898) ; it was wrongly identified in the B. M. collection. Nyctemera (2) contructa, Walker, xxxi, 208 (1864), Mysol. This is a Boarmid belonging to the genus Bursada. The following species are not in the National Collection, and are unknown to me :— Nyctemera confiuens, Felder, Sitz. Ac. Wien., xliii, p. 38 (1861), Amboina. Nyctemera aurwillu, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1901, p. 154 (note)=W. fasciata, Aurivillius, Ent. Tidskrift, 1897, p. 220, text f. 5 (praeocc.), Nyasaland. Nyctemera melaneura, var. melas, Rober, Tijd. v. Ent., 1891, p. 326, Ceram. Nyctemera mesolychna, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 466, N. Guinea. Nyctemera pagenstecheri, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk., 1898, p. 199, Lombok. Nyctemera quaternarium, Pag., Lep. Fauna, Bismark-Arch., li, p. 54, pl. 2, f 29 (1900), N. Ireland. 84 Colonel C. Swinhoe on Leptosoma pallens, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk., i, p. 45 (1863), Java. Nyctemera apensis, Semper, Phil. Schmett., p. 496, pl. 55 f. 9, Mindanao. Leptosoma fuscipenne, Wallgn., Wien. Ent. Mon., iv., p. 161 (1860), Caffraria. Leptosoma tricolor, Felder, Reise Nov. Lep., pl. 103, f. 3 (1874), Africa. Nyctemera rasana, Mab., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1879, p. 304, Madagascar. Nyctemera vollenhovii, Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent., xxxiii, p. 276, pl ii, f. 4 (1890), Tanah Djampea. Nyetemera tenuifascia, Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent. xh, p. 26, pl. , ft. 2 (1898), Lombok. Nye ae ‘a dentifascia, Snellen, |. ¢., p. 24, f. 1, Sumatra. Leptosoma anthracinum, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk, i, p. 38 (1863), Java. Nyctemera tritoides, Heylarts, Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXIV, p. xvii (1890), Sumatra. Leptosoma macklotti, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk., 1, p. 18 (1868), =N. latifascia, Hopffer (teste Pag.), Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1874, p. 45, recorded from Ceram, Flores, Amboina, and Celebes and is probably some well-known species, but I am unable to identify it. Nyctemera menes, Felder, Sitz. Ac.,Wiss. Wien., xlii, p. 38 (1861), Amboina. Leptosoma agagles, Boisd., Voy. de l Astrolabe Lep., p. 198 (1832), Amboina. Deilemera uniformis, Plotz, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xl, p. 38 (1880), W. Africa. Leptosoma flavescens, Voll., Tijd. v. Dierk., 1, p. 64 (1863), Sumatra. Leptosoma leucostigma, Voll., 1. ¢., p. 44, Java. = Leptosoma nubecula, Voll. (teste Rao.) te. pao: Nuctemera McKieana, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soe, Queensland, x1, p. 60 (1898). Tne Genus Deilemera. EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. Fie. 1. Deilemera kapaurensis, Swinhve. 2. z 3 ’ 4. - 5. 9 6. » Z (. ” 8, * uniplaga, Swinhoe. popiya, Swinhoe. lutemarginata, Pag. integra, Walker. syrmia, Swinhoe, popiya, Swinhoe (under-side). albipuncta, Druce. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. Fia. . Deilemera gerra, Swinhoe. 1 2? Z. ” 3. ” 4. ” v0. ” 6. ” = (. ” 8. nigrovena, Swinhoe. optata, Swinhoe. distincta, Swinhoe. leuctra, Swinhoe. amosa, Swinhoe. nisa, Swinhoe. oroya, Swinhoe, 55 IV. Some notes on the habits of Nanophyes durieui, Lucas, as observed in Central Spain. By GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.Z.S., and Dr. THomas A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S., with a description of the larva and pupa by Dr. T. A. CHApman, M.D. [Read Noy. 19th, 1902,] BEATE a, DURING a recent visit to Bejar, Central Spain, June 26th— July 17th, 1902, we noticed numerous large fleshy excre- scences or galls on the stems of a Coty/edon, a plant growing abundantly between the crevices of the stone walls in the outskirts of the town. Many of these galls, on examin- ation, were found to contain specimens of a Nanophyes, subsequently identified as V. duriewr, Lucas, in the larval, pupal,and imaginal condition. The beetles, at the beginning of July, were mostly immature, and we therefore contented ourselves by bringing home a supply of the galls, from which, during August and September, quite two hundred examples have emerged, accompanied, in September, by a few Apion sedi, Germ. In the accompanying plate an illustration is given of the perfect insect, the larva, pupa, and gall, the beetle only having been previously figured by Lucas, who, in his description of the species, from a few specimens found at Oran, Algeria, merely states that the insect passes its metamorphosis in swellings on the stems of Cotyledon (Umbilicus) horizontalis. Our observation, therefore, is not new, still it is interesting as confirming the statements of MM. Lucas and Durieu, and will no doubt induce entomologists to search for the insect in other European localities. . duriewi is recorded from Southern Spain in Heyden, Reitter and Weise’s “ Catalogus Coleopterorum Europe ” (1891), but on what authority we know not, as MM. Brisout and Xambeu, both of whom have described or noticed the species, simply refer to Lucas’ work. M. Xambeu (Le Naturaliste, 1901, pp. 224, 225) has recently described the larva and pupa of three species of the genus: J. lythri, Fabr., on Lythrum salicaria ; N. telephii, Bedel, on Sedum telephiwum, an insect that. is TRANS. ENT. SOC, LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 88 Mr. G. C. Champion’s Notes on not unlikely to occur in England, if its food-plant was searched in various places; and V. hemisphxricum, Oliv., on Lythrum hyssopifolium. He also notes (loc. cit.) the larva of WV. tamarisci, Gyll., as attacking Tamarix, that of NV. siculus, Boh., on Erica scoparia, and that of V. durieut, Lue., on Cotyledon (Umlilicus) pendulinus. The habits of JV. telephii appear to be very similar to those of V. duriewi, both species making galls on the stems of the plants a little above the roots. Apion sedi has not, we believe, been previously recorded as attacking Cotyledon, though it is known to pass its metamorphoses in the stems of Sedum. The galls formed by .V. duriewi are very conspicuous, owing to their large size. They are somewhat kidney -shaped, several of them being often clustered together, green in colour, more or less streaked with reddish or purple, and marked here and there with a minute scar, showing the original punctures made by the parent insect in the stem of the plant. The beetle is attacked by a small Chalcid, of which a number of specimens emerged from the galls. The larva of Nanophyes duriewi is a footless maggot very like many other weevil larve. Its length is, or rather would be if straightened out, about 3:0 mm., but as it lies curled up into an arc of about 100 degrees, its actual measure when full-grown is a little over 200 mm. The thoracic segments are decidedly thicker than the others, and here the diameter of the larva approaches 1:00. In the preserved specimens examined to find them, no spiracles can be detected, if they exist they are very small and have no coloured chitinous surroundings. The larva is white or colourless, except the jaws and some other chitinous portions in connection with the mouth parts. There is a very definite ventral prominence of each of the thoracic segments representing the true legs, but no actual fore-legs exist; at what may be supposed to be the site of each, is a rather stronger hair than exists anywhere else on the larva, but there is nothing to show whether this surviving hair corre- sponds to one that naturally (7.¢. where the fore-legs are present) exists at the base of the fore-legs, or is one of those arming some joint of the fore-leg itself, The marginal flange is well developed in three definite prominences on each segment, a lower one that is almost ventral, rather flat and well delimited, a median one, full and rounded and almost continuous with the next above, which forms the the habits of Nanophyes duriew. 89 lower part of the dorsal area, but is marked off by a longitudinal depression from the portion next above it. This carries at least on the hinder abdominal segment a minute colourless bristle. The sulci above this are rather complicated; they mark off an anterior and posterior subseg- ment, of which the anterior is dorsally the higher, each carries a minute bristle, the anterior the larger—one or two more are present on the prothorax. The interseg- mental sulcus branches downwards and there is also a small eminence, at the anterior margin of the segment immediately above the flange. The 10th abdominal segment cannot be seen, but is probably present, retracted. The hairs or bristles made out are very small and very colourless, and cannot be detected without considerable search, so that it is possible that others exist; of these others the only ones supposed to have been observed are abdominal ones continuing the thoracic pedal series. The head is comparatively large and well developed, rounded. Looked at from the front there is a median suture, losing itself below, without definitely ending in sutures marking off a clypeus. The head is faintly if at all tinted, but the clypeal region has some faint fuscous clouds. The front ends below ina brown chitinous margin, arched upward centrally over the labrum, and again laterally into rather more than semicircles round the antennal origins. In the area projecting between the Jabrum and antenna, a short bristle arises, and another, still in the clypeal region, higher up and nearer the middle line. Marginally (as seen from in front) are three bristles on each side at about equal intervals, the lower and smaller behind the antenna, and the highest one about half-way to the vertex. The antenne have a very large colourless circular basal region, bounded by the chitinous semicircle already alluded to above, a less marked chitinous margin behind, and the bases of the jaw in front. The antenna itself, arising im the centre of this area, is very minute and slender, and deflexed, and appears to consist of a large basal and a minute terminal joint. The jaws are large and strong, broad at base, about half that width at their cutting margin, which consists of two sharp teeth below (as seen from front), separated from another above by a smooth hollowed margin. The maxilla is full and fleshy, has two fine bristles 90) Mr. G. C. Champion’s Wotes on externally and in front a palpus rising from the middle of a clear area surrounded by a brown chitinous circle, and apparently of two joints, below this and more central 1 the labrum formed of two round processes each having in front a minute palpus, looking (in front view) like two small concentric circles. Below this the gular region is swollen and carries two bristles on either side. The pupa of Nanophyes duriewt has much the appearance and outline of the larva, is rather shorter and wider, and is absolutely without any hard, coloured, or chitinous parts. Whilst the dorsum has much the same curve as in the larva, the ventral aspect is nearly straight, the (larval) concavity being filled by the various projections of the appendages. The head is deflexed, and the rostrum extends downwards ventrally, to about the-middle (antero-posteriorly) of the pupa, the anterior end of the pupa being the front margin of the prothorax. From each side of the rostrum extend out- wards, first at its base the antenna, then the first femur, and against it the tibia completely flexed, then similarly the second femur and tibia, the tarsi (Ast and 2nd) lie close against the rostrum, the end of the second being slightly beyond it. The femoro-tibial articulation of these legs hes outside the elytra cases, which however, with the wing cases directed backwards, ventrally, and finally in- wards cover the third legs, except the femoro-tibial articula- tion which just projects ; dorsally from beneath them. The wings nearly meet in the middle just beyond the end of the rostrum. On the prothorax are a series of bristles, remarkable in being perched each on the summit of a conical projection, giving an armed appearance to the front of the pupa. These appear to be arranged as a row towards the anterior border and another towards the po terior border of the segment, two on either side in the front and four in the back row, but the marginal two of the latter are not so directly placed in the row as to prevent their position being otherwise described. The antennz have a thick basal piece lying agaist the head or rostrum, from the anterior (position if the head were extended) end of this the flagellar joints extend outwards as above noted, to the number of 10 Corsldaye: each being larger than the preceding. The joints are somewhat angular, and at about the fourth or filth the angles appear as definite projections; on the fifth from the the habits of Nanophyes duriewi. ol extremity these appear as one or two very definite mammil- lary projections, and on the three next they form on each a ring of seven or eight sharp projecting angular points, with picturesque effect, reminding one strongly of the similarly studded clubs ‘and chained balls anciently used as weapons. Very similar conical projections occur on the tibize, to the number of three or four on each, and a hair at the exposed extremity of the first and second femora. Two pairs of conical points are present on the front of the head (or base of rostrum) basal to the antennal origin. Some very minute hairs are with difficulty seen on the abdominal segments. There is a rather larger conical eminence or two between the projecting elytral bases on the dorsal centre of the mesothorax. EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Fra. 1. Nanophyes duriewi, larva, x 15. la. 5 55 », head, from in front. 2. % 5 pupa, x 16. 3. - 5 imago, x 12. 3a. ss 5 hind tarsus. 3b. \ a antenna. 4,5. The galls made by the beetle on the stems of Cotyledon, natural size. N.B.—These figures do not show the minute scars that suggest that each egg is separately laid. ( 93) V. The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore, Bengal. By GrorGE ALEXANDER JAMES RorTHney, F.E.S. [Read March 4th, 1903.] As it is a somewhat uncommon feature for a definite limited area within the tropics to be worked continuously for a number of years, I have ventured to hope that a thoroughly representative list of the Acu/eate Hymenoptera collected by me inthecantonment of Barrackpore may prove of some interest to the Society, as this order has of late become so much more popular, and the Indian and Far Eastern fauna in particular has attracted an unusual amount of attention. My list represents the result of steady collecting from 1872 to 1886, and a flying visit in 1893. Barrackpore, Bengal, is situated on the east bank of the Hooghly ; lat. 22° 40° 30”, long. 88° 22’ 45” and 88° 30’. Area, forty-two square miles, and about sixteen miles north of Calcutta. It is practically contained within a bend of the river, and includes Monirampore, Pulta, Ischa- pur Park, Tittaghur, Neilgunge, but above all the beautiful Barrackpore Park, one of the most charming spots in Lower Bengal, and one which offers many attractions to the entomologist. There are practically three seasons in the year—the “cold weather” lasting from the end of October to the beginning of March, the “hot weather” from the middle of March to the middle of June, when the “rains” set in and last till October. Very few Hymenoptera (except ants) are about in the cold season. The hot and rainy seasons are the best for the collector, and the choicest time of all, a bright little interval in October, just as the rains are clearing up, and before the mornings and evenings show signs of the coming cold weather. The sun then shines out with beautiful brightness but without the severity of the hot weather, vegetation is unsoiled by dust, and there is everywhere a splendid burst and buzz of insect life. The most attractive spots for collecting are undoubtedly Barrackpore Park and the jungly ground round the Pulta powder magazine, for curiously, Ischapur Park and Sam- nagar (with its extensive earthworks, the ruins of an old TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 94 Mr. G, A. J. Rethney on fort), Neilgunge and Tittaghur, though apparently possess- ing equally attractive features, never proved as rich in the number and variety of species, but Monirampore water- works, with its heaps of white sand, used for filtering purposes, was always a sure find for the Muti//idz, and the only spot where they could be looked for with confidence. The flowers most frequented in the Park are Duranta plumieri, Quisqualis indica, Poinciana pulcherrima, Mus- senda macrophylla, Thevetia nereifolia, and a tree with a small white hanging blossom (probably a variety of Duranta). At Pulta, a species of Pulicaria which grew in quantities was very attractive to a variety of species; and a low jungle shrub with a shiny leaf and greeny-white flowers, not unlike the privet (but the name* of which I could never find out), was a still greater favourite, and especially with the larger species of Hymenoptera. The Castor-oil plant, Ricinus communis, wasalso much frequented. The following is a summary of the collection :— ANALYSIS OF SPECIES. Species. Percentage. Species. Percentage. Chrysidide. 13 2-7 13 2°78 Formicide. aT = Doryline. 3 “64 Ponerine. 15 3°20 Miurmicine. 44 9°40 Dolichoderine. 5 1°07 Camponotine. 25 5°34 92 19°65 Fossores. =3 Mutillide. 54 11°54 Thynnide. 2 “43 Scoliide. 18 3°84 Pompilide. 48 - 10°26 Sphegide. 128 27°35 250 53-42 Diloptera. = Eumenide. 27 577 Vespidz. 13 2°78 40 8°55 Anthophila. == Colletide. 4 "85 Apide. 69 14°75 73 15°60 Total 468 * Since writing this, Col. Bingham has very kindly named this plant for me at the Museum Herbarium, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Corr. I estimate that 407 of the species of the Fossores and Apide were captured at the flowers of this jungle plant. The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. 95 From this it will be seen that the Fossoves are much the strongest group, though it is only fair to state that the number of species of Mutilide, which help to swell the total, is out of proportion to the specimens, and they have, too, been much more:closely collected than other families, for there is always something irresistibly attractive to the collector about Mutilla. Tiphia and Myzine, on the other hand, are very poorly represented, aud both appear to affect northern, or at least mountain, localities rather than the plains. The Scoliide, Pompilide, and Sphegide are all well represented, both in numbers and species, many being exceedingly common and familiar objects of the bungalow and compound, as also are several species of Humenide and Vespide. The Apidex are the poorest both in species and numbers in the Barrackpore district (they distinctly strengthen as you go up-country to the North-West Provinces at ; Allaha- bad, ‘and still more so at the Mussoorie Hills) ; and with the exception of Yy/locopa, a few species of Megachile, Crocisa, and Anthophora, there are no species sutticiently common to attract general attention; and even with Aylocopa it is more their great size, noisy booming ways, and the brilliant effulgence of their wings rather than their actual numbers which makes them so conspicuous. In the Formicide, Camponotus, cophylla, Prenolepis, MNacamma, Solenopsis, Cremastogaster, and Sima are most in evidence, the three commonest species being Camponotus compressus, Solenopsis geminata, and Simarufonigra. Pheidole curiously is not so strongly represented as itis in the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. Species of other genera are either local and uncertain in their appearance, or really uncommon and rare. I never came across any Jchnewmons in Barrackpore. No doubt they are to be found if carefully sought for, fut they must, at least, be exceedingly rare. On the other hand, in hill-stations like Mussoorie and Darjeeling, they are fairly common. Several species of Chrysididz are not uncommon. I am greatly indebted to Colonel C. T. Bingham, for his kindness in revising my list of Formicide, and to Mr, Peter Cameron for revising the Fossores and Apide, ete. With very few exceptions, the types of all Mr, Cameron’s Species are in my collection. 96 Mr. G. A. J. Rothney on CATALOGUE OF SPECIES.* CHRYSIDID&. Chrysis, Lin. Perfecta, Cam. Rare. Furiosa, Cam. Rare. Mendicalis, Cam. Rare. Cotesi, Dubuy. Common. Disparilis, Cam. Rare. Oculata, Fab. Common. Principalis, Sm. Rare. Oricntalis, Guer. Rare. Stilbuim, Fab. Splendidum, Fab, Type, common. ei var. Ainethystinum, Fab. Parnopes, Latr. Viridis, Bé. Rare. Hedychrum, Latr. Lugubre, Cam. Rare. Flammulatum, Dubuysson. Rare. Family FORMICID. Subfamily DORYVLINA. Dorylus orientalis, Westw. f and 9% common. Anictus pachycerus, Smith. Rare. Ainictus brevicornis, Mayr. Rare. Subfamily PONERIN AE. Anochetus punctiventris, Mayr. Rare; found under bricks. Bothroponera tesserinoda, Mayr. Common. Platythyrea victoriv, Forel. Rare Diacamma vagans, Smith. Common. Diacamma sculptum, Jerdon. Rare. * The number of Aculeata (other than ants) recorded from British India in Colonel Bingham’s work published in 1897 is 995, but a considerable number of species have been described since. The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. 97 Col. Bingham writes:—“I have carefully compared specimens in your collection with Smith’s type of D. versicolor, D. versicolor is not an Indian species. The larger form of Diacamma found in India is, according to my ideas, J. sew/ptwin. Brachyponera jerdoni, Forel. Rare. Ponera confinis, Roger, var. Aitkeni, Forel. Lobopelta ocellifera, Roger. Rare. chinensis, Mayr. Common, minchini, Forel. Rare. punctiventris, Mayr. Rare. diminuta, Smith. Rare. kittelit, Mayr. Rare. Lioponera longitarsus, Mayr. Rare. Stigmatomma rothneyi, Forel.= Amblyopone vothneyi. Rare. Subfamily J7V RIVICIN AZ, Cataulacus taprobane, Smith. Rare. Meranoplus bicolor, Guer. Common. Triglyphotrix striatidens, Emery. Rare. Folcomyrmex scabriceps, Mayr. Common, Myrmicaria brunnea, Saunders. Common. Col. Bingham writes me :—“ JZ. fodiens, Jerdon = AZ, brunnea, Saunders; latter has priority. JL. subcarinata, Smith, is a local variety.” Tetramorium obeswm, Andre. Rare. smitht, Mayr. Rare. simillimwim, Smith. Rare. denticulatwm, Forel. Rare. ” » In Col. Bingham’s opinion the latter is only a var. of simillimum. Monomorium salomonis, Linn. Common. vastator, Smith = JZ. destructor, Jerdon. Common. pharaonis, Linn. Common, atomus, Forel. Rare. latinoda, Mayr. Common. orientale, Mayr. Rare. 3 floricola, Jerdon=M. speculare, Mayr. Col. Bingham writes :—“Jerdon’s name has priority.” Rare. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1908.—PART I. (APRIL) 7 98 Mr. G, A. J. Rothney on Cardiocondyla nuda, Mayr. Rare. Solenopsis geminata, Fabr. Very common. S. armata is only a var. A very variable species. Pheidologeton diversus, Jerdon = P. ocellifera, Mayr. Col. Bingham writes :—“ Jerdon’s name has _ priority.” Rare. Pheidologeton afinis, Jerdon =P. laboriosus, Smith, Col. Bingham writes :—“Jerdon’s name has priority.”, Common, Pheidole latinoda, Roger. Common. » vrhombinoda, Mayr. Common. striativentris, Mayr. Rare. indica, Mayr. Common. » parva, Mayr. Rare. » javana, Mayr. Rare. », watsoni, Forel. Rare. », spathifera, Forel. Rare. » smythiest, Forel, var. bengalensis, Forel. Rare. Cremastogaster subnuda, Mayr. Common. e rabula, Forel. Rare. . rogenhoffert, Mayr. Common. _ rothneyt, Mayr. Common. contemta, Mayr. Common. % aberrans, Forel. Rare. 6 minchint, Forel. in lit. Rare. Lophomyrmex 4-spinosus, Jerdon. Rare. Sima rufonigra, Jerdon. Very common. , nigra, Jerdon. Common. ,, allaborans, Walker = S. compressa, Roger. Col. Bingham writes:—“ Walker’s name has priority.” Rare. Atopomyrmex ceylonicus, Emery, two, §. Oligomyrmex bengalensis, Forel. Rare. 2 rothneyt, Forel. Rare. Leptothorax taylori, Forel. Rare. Subfamily DOLICHODERIN A. Technomyrmex albipes, Smith. Rare. Iridomyrmex anceps, Roger = J. excisus, Mayr. Col. e 9; 5 > Bingham writes :—* Roger’s name has priority.” Rare. is) 5 Bothriomyrmex wroughtoni, Forel. Rare. Tapinoma melanoeephalum, Fabr. Common. The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore, 99 Dolichoderus taprobane, Smith = D. gracilipes, Mayr. Col. Bingham writes :—‘Smith’s name has priority. JD. “Je OF . . 9 . ” gracilipes is only a variety of Smith’s insect.” Common. Subfamily C4 AZPONOTIN AL. Camponotus compressus, Fabr. Very common. mitis, Smith. Col. Bingham writes :—*“ Var. Juscithorax grades into genuine itis when you get a big enough series.” Common, arrogans, Smith = C. junctus, Forel. Col. Bingham writes :—“ It stands thus in my book. I have compared your specimens with the type.” Rare. paria, Emery. Common. sericeus, Fabr. Var. opaceventris, Mayr. Common. - taylori, Forel. Rare. Colobopsis rothneyt, Forel. Rare. Polyrhachis levissima, Smith. Common. bicolor, Smith. Rare. argentea, Mayr. acasta, Smith. + Rare. iba, Shatin |) ¥ spunagerd, ad Onion simplex, Mayr. ‘ thrinax, Roger. Rare. tubericeps, Forel. Rare. CEcoph ylla smaragdina, Fabr. Common. Prenolepis bengalensis, Forel. Common. longicormis, Latr. Common, andica, Forel. Rare. z yerburyt, Forel. Rare. Plagiolepis longipes, Serdon, Common. » vothneyt, Forel. Rare. Acantholepis frauenfeldi, Mayr. Common. bipartita, Smith. Rare. capensis, Mayr. Common. ” ” 9) +P] ” ” > > 100 Mr, G, A. J. Rothney on Tribe FOSSORES. Family MUTILLID. Mutilla sexmaculata, Swed. For # see Cameron, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., iv (7), 61. Common. A-carinata, Cam. f Rare. cona, Cam. & Rare. interrupta, Lep. Common. perverst, Cam. ff Rare. dilecta, Cam. ¢. Rare. discreta, Cam. 2 Rare. sabellica, Cam. f Rare. labiena, Cam. 2 Rare. Junebrana, Cam. f Rare. analis, Lep. Rare. serena, Cam. f Rare. cleonyma, Cam. 2 Rare. maculicornis, Cam. f Rare. poesia, Cam. gf Rare. phenna,Cam. ff Rare. idyia, Cam. f Rare. ludovica, Cam. Rare. illa, Cam. 2 Rare. erzia, Cam. f Rare. lena,Cam. f¢ Rare. fianna,Cam. 2 Rare. cara,Cam. @ Rare. selma, Cam. f¢ Rare. Jjortinata, Cam. f Rare. bidens, Cam. f Rare. wdipus, Cam. &¢ Cf Cameron, Manchr. Mem., 1898, No. 11, p. 6. One specimen. interrupta, Oliv. Rare. Juneraria, Sm. Common. argentipes, Sm. Rare. aureo-rubra, Rad. = egregia, Sauss. Rare. pulcherina, Sm. Rare. dryta, Cam. -¢ ~ Rare. compactilis, Cam. 2 Rare. martialis, Cam. 9 Rare. pamphia, Cam. 92 Rare. marcia, Cam. 2 Rare. The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrachpore. Mutilla gnoma, Cam. 2 Rare. » emancipata,Cam. 2 Rare. parthenia, Cam. 2 Rare. » lethargia,Cam. @ Rare. » o-maculata,Cam. 2 Rare. valida, Cam. § Rare. , leta,Cam. § Rare. ariel, Cam. 2 Rare. durga, Bing. = dives, Cam. Common, peregrina, Cam. & Rare. cotesii, Cam. YQ Rare. rothneyt, Cam. § Rare. redacta, Cam. 2 Rare. agelia, Cam. § Rare. mithila, Cam. 2 Rare. » ocellata, Sauss. Common. Family THYNNID. Methoca licolor, Cam. Rare. orientalis, Smith. Rare. ) Family SCOLITIDA. Tiphia brevipennis, Cam. Rare Plesia (Myzine) dimidiata, Guer. Rare. bengalensis, Cam. Rare. » petiolata, Sm. Rare. Scolia cupitata, Guer. Common. rubiginosa, Fab. Rare. humeralis, Sauss. Rare. redtenbachert, Sauss. Rare. » aureipennis, Lep. Common. quadripustulata. Common. indica, Sauss. Rare. Elis mai -ginella, Klug. Common. » thoracica, Fab. "Common. ,» anniulata, Fab. Common. hirsuta, Sauss. Rare. brevipennis, Cam. Rare. Liacos analis, Fab. Rare. s fulvopicta, Cam. Rare. ” ” > 101 102 Mr. G. A. J. Rothney on Family POMPILID. Mr. Cameron informs me that the name Pompilus is pre-occupied, and that its use cannot be retained in Hymenoptera. 1 have, however, retained the name here, and in the sense in which it is used by Col. Bingham. The family must hereafter be called Ceropalide. Macromeris violucea, Lep. Common. Pompilus analis, Fab. Common. ™ zeus, Cam. Rare. ee ariadne, Cam. Rare. 5 veflecus, 5m. Rare. 7 hecate, Cam. Rare. " incognitus, Cam. Rare. a lascivus, Cam. Rare. a maculipes, Sm. Rare. . pedalis, Cam. Rare. “ canifrons, Sm. Rare. , simillimus, Sm. Rare. ” hero, Cam. Rare. . rothneyi, Cam. One specimen. ' vivax, Cam. Rare. A unifasciatus, Sm. Very common. orientalis, Cam. Rare. , vagabundus, 5m. Rare. a incognitus, Cam. Rare. . vischnu, Cam. Common. 7 cellularis, Cam. Rare. cf implactibilis, Cam. Rare. . perturbans, Cam. Rare. . edilis, Cam. Rare. Planiceps orientalis, Cam. Rare. Aporus bengalensis, Cam. Rare. » cotesii, Cam. Rare. Pseudagenia deceptriz, Sm. Rare. a ariel, Cam. Rare. . pedunculata, Sm. Rare. cxerulea, Sm. Rare. blanda, Guer. Rare. 4 Jestinata, Sm. Rare. z veda, Cam. Rare. - tincta, Sm. Rare. - morna, Cam. Rare. The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. 108 Pseudagenia mutua, Cam. Rare. Salius flavus, Fab. Very common. » Jfulvipennis, Fab. Common. » Otpartitus, Sm. Rare. » Julgidipennis, Sauss. Rare. » ~widipennis, Sm. Rare. » peregrinus, Sm. Rare. , rothneyi, Cam. One specimen. , excellus, Cam.=atropus, Sm., 1875, non Smith, 1855. Cf. Cameron, Manr. Mem., 1891, 443. Rare. ,» madraspatanus,Sm. Rare. » mirandus, Cam. Common. » electus,Cam. Rare. Family SPHEGIDA. Astata agilis, Sm. Rare. » nigricans, Cam. Rare, Lyroda argenteofacialis, Cam. Rare. Piagetia ruficornis, Cam, Rare. Tachytes monetaria, Sm. A most beautiful species when alive and glistening in the Indian sun. Common. modesta, Sm. Common. , ornatipes, Cam. Rare. . rothneyt, Cam. Mr. Cameron writes me that this is a different species from that named for him, sinensis, Sm., by the late Mr. F. Smith. It is rare. 7 hrevipennis, Cam. Rare. » maculitarsis, Cam. Rare. » vieina, Cam. Rare. i tarsata, Sm. Rare. Tachysphea varihivta, Cam., i litt. Rare. : argyreus, Sm. Rare. A: puncticeps, Cam., in litt. Rare. » + awriceps,Cam. Rare. < striolata, Cam., in litt. Rare. Larva simillima, Sm. Common. » testphone,Sm. Rare. » » wridipennis,Cam. Rare. » longicornis, Cam. Rare. 104 Mr. G. A. J. Rothney on Larva rufipes, Sm. Rare » erythrogaster, Cam. Rare. » nigriventris, Cam. Rare. Leptolarra flavinerva, Cam. Rare. longitarsis, Cam, Rare. i reticulata, Cam. Rare. Spanolarra rufitarsis, Cam. Rare. Cenolarra appendiculata, Cam. Rare. Notogenia anthracina, Cam., in litt. Rare. 2) - picipes, Cam., in litt. Rare. is Juscistigma, Cam., in litt. Rare. » pygmexa, Cam., in litt. Rare. m1 varipilosa, Cam., in litt. Rare. zs intermedia, Cam., in litt. Rare. 3 fuscipennis, Cam. Rare. < bengalensis, Cam., in litt. Rare. a striaticollis, Cam., in litt. Rare. f pilosa, Cam., in litt. Rare. ” pared, Cam., mn litt. Rare. fe piliventris, Cam., in litt. Rare. . indica, Cam., in litt. Rare. . basalis, Cam. Rare. op subtesselata, Sm. Common. . jaculatriz, Sm. Common. 55 erythropoda,Cam,. Rare. Tiris auratus, Fab. Common. A beautiful species when seen in the sun. Gastroscricus rothneyt, Cam. ‘Three specimens. 3 binghami, Cam. One specimen. Miscophus rothneyi, Bing. One specimen. Pison suspiciosus, Sia. Rare. », appendiculatus, Cam. Rare. » erassicornis, Cam. Rare. 5 rugosus, Sr. Rare. » orrentalis, Cam. Rare. Parapison 9 cothneyi, Cam. One specimen. Anunophila atripes, Sm, Common. - dimidiata, Sm. Rare. - nigripes, Sm. Rare. - punctata, Sm. Rare. - basalis, Sm. Common. = erythrocephala, Fab. Rare. Seeliphron madraspatanum, Fab, Very common. x coromandelicum, Lep. Common. The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. 105 Sceliphron violaceum, Fab, One of the very commonest species of Barrackpore. Sphex lobatus, Fab. » pruosus, Ger. = Car eae ie Very common. = vicinus Bing., var. LRothneyt, Cameron, Man. Memoirs, 1898, 24. Rare. ,, luteipennis, Mose. Common. Cf. Cameron, l.c. Rare. » wmbrosus, Christ. Common. aurulentus, Fab. Common. Ampulex compressa, Fab. Very common. Rhinopsis ruficornis, Cam. Rare. Trirhogma cxrulea, Westw. Rare. Dolichurus clavipes, Cam, One specimen. Cemonus fuscipennis, Cam. One specimen. Passaloecus reticulatus, Cam. One specimen. Nysson rugosus, Cam. Rare. cinerascens, Dom. =xanthopterus, Cam. and Bing. » erythropoda, Cam. Rare. Alyson annulipes, Cam, Rare. Midineis orientalis, Cam. One specimen. Gorytes amatorius, Sm. Rare. » pretus, Sm. Rare. Stizus calopteryx, Handl. Rare. » blandinus, Sm, Rare. » Tufescens, Guer. Rare. » melleus, Sm. Rare. » vreversus, Sm. Common. lateralis, Cam. Rare. Boney lunata, Fab. Rare. . trepanda, Dbm. Common, » buddha, Handl. Common. OT: ientals as, Handl. Rare. » pinguis, Handl. Rare. » mdica, Fab. Rare. Philanthus depredator, Sm. 'Two specimens. Cerceris rothneyt, Cam. One specimen. » orientalis, Sm. Rare. , humbertiana, Sauss. Common. » pretiventris, Dom. Rare. » flavopicta, Sm. Rare. » wmstabilis,Sm. Very common, » pulchra, Cam. Common. » vischnu, Cam. Rare. 106 Mr. G, A. J. Rothney on Cerceris viligans, Sm. Very common. » btristis, Cam. Common. » pentadonta,Cam. Rare. Trypoxylon pileatum, Sm. Rare. 7 canaliculatum, Cam. Rare. buddha, Cam, Rare. Fs bicolor, Sm. Rare. F geniculatwm, Cam. Rare. - cognatum, Cam. Rare. i pygmxum, Cam. One specimen. Oxybelus squamosus, Sm. Bare. ¥ flavipes, Cam. Rare. - Julvopilosus, Cam. Rare. Pa canescens, Cam. Rare, - robustus, Cam. Rare. Crabro buddha, Cam. Rare. » orrentalis,Cam. Rare. , odontophorus, Cam. Rare. » ardens,Cam. Rare. , argentatus, Lep. Rare. » Gellus,Cam. Rare. » nanus,Cam. Rare. » nitidus, Cam. Rare. Tribe DIPLOPTERA. Family EUMENIDA. Humenes quadrispinosa, Sauss. Rare. architectus, Sm. Common. . punctata, Sauss. Rare. . buddha, Cam. Rare. » petiolata, Fab. Very common. escurtens, Fab. Very common. is conica, Fab. One of the very commonest species. 5 flavopicta, Blanch. Common. * arcuata, Fab. Rare. . ceylonicus, Sauss. Rare. Rhynchium hemorrhoidale, Fab. Very common. * brunneum, Fab. Common. r abdominale, ig. Common. A rugulatum, Cam. Rare. nitidulum, Fab. Common. argentatum, Fab. Very common. The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. 107 Rhynchium clypeatum, Cam, Rare. a) bengalense, Sauss. Common. basimacula, Cam. ‘This species is easily separated from &. flavomarginatum, Sm. (which does not occur in Bengal), by the different form of the face and clypeus. Cf. Cameron, Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hist., Dec., 1900, p. 532. Rare. Odynerus hindostanus, Cam. Rare. Fs antoni, Cam. Rare. . sicheli, Sauss. Common. ie punctum, Fab. Very common. x difinis, Sauss. Rare. “ bipustulatus, Sauss. Common. = ovalis, Sauss. Common. > sibilans, Cam., in litt. Rare. Family VESPIDZ. Learva quadrimaculata, Cam. Rare. » jserruginea, Fab. Common. » artifex, Sauss. Rare. Polistes rothneyi, Cam. One specimen only. » rufolineatus, Cam. Rare. _ » hebreus, Fab. The commonest Barrackpore. » saggitarius, Sauss. Rare. , stigma, Fab. Very common. » ngritarsis, Cam. Rare. Vespa cincta, Fab. Very common. » affinis, Fab. Common. » bvasalis, Sin. Rare. » orrtentalis, Lin. Rare. Tribe ANTHOPHILA. Family COLLETIDA. Prosopis feai, Vach. Rare. » strenua, Cam. Rare. » adsoluta, Cam. Rare. » bellicosa, Cam. Rare. Family APIDA. Sphecodes crassiscornis, Sm. Rare. , propinquus,Sm. Rare. 108 Mr. G. A. J. Rothney on Halictus itinerans, Cam., in litt. Rare. ciris, Cam. Rare. interstitialis, Cam., in litt. Rare. zonatulus,Cam. Rare. bengalensis, Cam., in litt. Rare. Nomia elliotii, 8m. Common. westur ood, Grib. Rare. curvipes, Fab. Common. thoracica, Sm. Common. clypeata, Sm. Rare. oxybeloides, Sm. Common. scutellata,Sm. Rare. albofimbriata,Cam. Rare. aureobalteata, Cam. Rare. argentcobalteata, Cam. Rare. frederici, Cann. Rare. lammellata, Cam. Rare. zebrata, Cam. Rare. purpureolineata, Cam. Rare. » latipes,Cam. Rare. - Steganomus nodicornis, Sm. Common. Nomada adusta, Sm. Rare. advena, Sm. Rare. , ~ ceylonica; Cam. Rare. Megachile bicolor, Fab. Very common. lanata, Fab. Very common. umbripennis, Sm. Rare. femorata, Sm. Common. nigricans, Cam. Rare. disjuneta, Fab. Very common. ip albifrons, Sm. Rare. Anthidium rasorum, Sm. Rare. Parevaspis carbonaria, Sm. Common, Stelis parvula, Cam. Rare. » jflavomaculata, Cam. Rare. Ceratina viridissima, Dall. Common. _ hieroglyphica, Sm. Common. Allodape marginata, Sin. Rare. Celioxzys sexmaculata,Cam. Rare. argentifrons, Sm. Common. basalis, Sm. Common. cuncata, Sm. Common. confusa, Sm. Rare. discipiens, Spin. Rare. 3? > 23 ” 2° >? 33 2 2: ) ” The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. 109 Celioxys fuscipennis, Sm. Rare. Crocisa emarginata, Lep. Common. » histrio, Fab. Common. Anthophora cincta, Lin. Common. zonata, Lin. Very common. Jallaz, Sm. Common. violacea, Lep. Very common. - bicincta, Fab. Rare. Xylocopa fenestrata, Fab. Common. tenuiscapa, Westw. Common. latipes, Drury. Common. ewstuans, Lin. Common. collaris, Lep. Rare. amethystina, Fab. Rare. auripennis, Lep. Common. bryorum, Fab. Rare. dissimilis, Lep. Rare. acutipennis, Sm. Rare. verticalis, Lep. Rare. Apis indica, Fab. Common. » jlorea, Fab. Common. Melipona bengalensis, Cam. Rare. iridipennis, Sm. Rare ” 29 33 ” NOTES ON CONSPICUOUS BARRACKPORE SPECIES. FORMICID. Droylus orientalis, Westw.—Nests in the earth, under bricks, stones, or in masonry. The {¢ comes into your bungalows at night, attracted by light, generally at the end of the cold “weather, February or early March. Diacamma vagans, Smith—Not uncommon; nests in walls or other brickwork, under bricks or stones; not populous; pungent sting; a most intelligent species. Brachyponera jerdoni, Forel.—Found in some numbers in December amongst the débris of stacks of wood ; also in the Botanical Gardens under the same conditions. Lobopelta diminuta, Smith.—Rare in Barrackpore (but common in the Botanical Gardens, Calcutta), marches in long lines two deep. 110 Mr. G. A. J. Rothney on Meranoplus bicolor, Gaér—Common in the Park; nests in the earth, particularly the bank and ditch separating it from the trunk-road. When built in exposed places, the entrances to the nests are often found covered with the little pik and blue flowers of some weed. Sexes end of May. Holecomyrmex scabriceps, Mayr—The Harvesting Ant of the Barrackpore district. Common in the Park. Swarms early in June; nests in roads or hard sun-baked earth, but always on or near grass land; easily found by the mounds of seed husks piled up round the entrances. Aunts difficult _ to find after the rains commence. Myrmicaria brunnea, Saunders.— Nests or colonies found round the stems of the great banyan tree in the Park by excavating large fosses, the earth being heaped up in mounds like regular fortifications. Swarms July 7th-L0th (Note in the Proceedings Entom. Soc. February 24th, 1892, under the name J/. subear inata, Kmery). Solenopsis geminata, Fab.; V. armata, Forel—The Red Ant. Very common, nests in the earth, under bricks or stones, or almost anywhere. Swarms several times from March to October. Pheidologeton laboriosus, Smith = P. affinis, Jerdon.—Not uncommon in the Park: nests under bricks, stones, flower- pots, and rock work; occasionally found on the march changing quarters, when they construct elaborate covered ways, in which the huge-headed workers-major take an important and highly-specialized part. Pheidole rhombinoda, Mayr-—Nests found in the Park where the grass has been worn bare ; the ants cover these patches round the entrance to the nests with the leaflets of a species of mimosa; this covering is arranged in the form of a circle, and is apparently for protection from the sun. Sima rufonigra, Jerdon.—Very common ; nests in trees, particularly fruit-trees like the mango, baél and lychee, and a species of fig in the Park had its fruit completely riddled by this ant. Winged ? found in May; is armed with the most poisonous sting of any Aculeate with which I am acquainted. Nests frequented by a species of spider, Salticus; also by Ampulex (Lhinopsis) ruficornis, Cam., which very closely mimics the ant, and which I have never found in any other situation. Sima nigra, Jerdon.—Not uncommon in trees; is also mimicked by a Sa/ticus. The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. 111 Camponotus compressus, Fab.—The Black Ant. Very common; nests in the earth; swarms in May or early June. Polyrhachis levissima, Smith—Nests in the decayed wood of trees. Swarms June 15th to July 7th. Polyrhachis thrinaxz, Roger—Nest formed by binding together one or two leaves with a few silken threads; very small communities. Polyrhachis simplex, Mayr.; P. spinigera, Mayr—Nests formed by web-work binding together a few twigs of a spiny shrub. Beophylla smaragdina, Fab.—Common in the Park and along the trunk-road; nests in trees; sexes in the rains. The name gives a wrong impression of the colour, the 2, which is seldom seen, alone answering the description ; ; the workers, which may be seen in thousands, being a brilliant gamboge yellow. In « Notes on Indian Ants,” Trans. Entom. Soc. 1889, IIL, and 1895, II., I have described the habits of many of the Barrackpore species more fully. FOSSORES. Mutilla.—The species of this genus are never found in any numbers (except perhaps the males of sexzmaculata) ; single specimens may be picked up anywhere, but the only spot where you could start out collecting with some certainty of finding them was Monirampore, where the heaps of white sand used for the filter-beds of the water- works (and which in carting was scattered about the paths and roads leading to the grounds) formed a great attraction for these sun- and sand-loving insects. The waterworks are quite of modern date, and it seems véry curious that imported sand should in a few years have proved an attraction sufficient to establish a known locality or resort. How can the slow-moving 2 Mutil/a discover that sand is to be found within the restricted area (a few acres) of the Monirampore compound ? The courting of the sexes of sexmacu/ata may occasionally be watched on the leaf of a tree or shrub in some secluded spot, and in its phases is almost ludicrous. The ¢ will caress, coax, and pet his lady-love for hours together (the antennz being the chief means of conveying or expressing t=) his feelings) ; at last, losing all patience, he will take her 112 Mr. G. A. J. Rothney on up in his mandibles and shake her, then perhaps feeling ashamed of himself, will redouble his caresses and begin the courting over again. I have several times captured them in their marriage flight. Scolia.—Common in Barrackpore Park in the rains; they can often be seen flying along the grass at the edge of the roads, the beautiful iridescence of their wings flashing in the sun. Scolia indica, Sauss., and S. rwhiginosa, Fab.—Found in the jungle at Pulta. There would come a boom of some large insect, a flash of black and red, and it had dis- appeared with a thud in the low thick scrub, from which it would take much careful beating to rouse and secure. Elis marginella, Klag.—Was very common about Pulta in the early rains, preferring shade to sun. I never found it in the Park. Sceliphron violaceum, Fab—One of the commonest species in India, frequenting the verandahs of our bungalows, and building its little mud-cells on the walls. Sceliphron madrasapatanum, Fab.—Not so common as violaceum, but sufficiently so to attract the attention of any observer. Sphex lobatus, Fab.—This is one of the most strikingly handsome of all the Indian Aculeates. It is common throughout the hot weather and rains, and makes its nests in the hard ground (being especially fond of bare patches in the grass land of the Park); it provisions its nests with a store of field crickets. Before taking a prisoner in, it will go in and out many times to see that all is secure, and if during this process you remove the cricket a few yards or . so from the entrance, it will display great intelligence in finding it by working round and round in gradually in- creasing circles till the circumference at last crosses the cricket, which is always 1n too stupefied a state to escape. When the females settle on the ground they come with a clash and a clatter like the clank of cavalry, and in the brilhant sunlight suggest ideas of fifteenth-century knights blazing in plate-armour. The males are very fond of the flowers of the castor-oil plant. Sphex wmbrosus, Christ; S. awrulentus, Fab.; S. luter- pennis, Mose.—These three species are fairly common about the jungly ground round Pulta, particularly so at the close of the rains. Ampulex compressa, Fab—This is a common species, The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. 118 and is very often met with sunning itself on the trunks of peepul trees. I have found it occasionally in this situation busily engaged with the workers of Sima rufo- nigra, picking them up with its mandibles and tossing them off the tree, but with a sporting air rather than any serious or deadly purpose, for the ants were never in the least injured. Rhinopsis ruficornis, Cam.—A rare species, only found frequenting the nests of Sima rufonigra, which it very closely mimics. For some years I had visited a particular nest of Stima rufonigra in the hope of finding the male, and at last I was rewarded with what at first sight looked like an undoubted g. I eagerly captured it; it was not an ant at all, but something even more interesting, a clever case of mimicry by a sand-wasp. I also found Lhinopsis at a second nest, and Mr. Wroughton at a later date, on discovering Suma rufonigra in the Konkan, found its understudy in a similar species, Riinopsis constancex, Cam., in considerable numbers, a most convincing proof that this mimicry is genuine, and in no way accidental. The double mimicry by Lhinopsis and Salticus of a fierce and exception- ally armed ant appears to me to be specially interesting. Gastrosericus rothneyt, Cam.; G. binghami, Cam.; Nysson rugosus, Cam.; NV. erythropoda, Cam.; Gorytes amatorius, Smith; G. pictus, Smith, were all taken in a bank of fine earth in a little lane near Pulta, so shaded with dense jungle that at noon in the hottest weather it was like twilight and almost cool. Bembex lunata, Fab,—A rare species. A small colony found in the sandy bank of a nullah at Pulta. Bembex trepanda, Dbm.—Common in the rains in the low jungle about Pulta. Bembex buddha, Handl.—Found in the hot weather on sandy patches of ground about Pulta. Cerceris—Found most commonly during the rains on flowers. A nullah between Barrackpore racecourse and Pulta overgrown with jungle, vegetation, and flowers was especially rich in this genus. Eumenes conica, Fab.—One of the commonest and most familiar of Indian Aculeates, building its nests in verandahs and any other convenient spot, provisioning them with an abundant store of caterpillars, mostly geometers. Lhynchiwm basimacula, Cam.—A rare species, but one that lends a zest to collecting, as you can never be quite TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART 1. (APRIL) 8 114 Mr. G. A. J. Rothney on certain when on the wing if one of the common species may not turn out to be basimacula, with its broad white band. On one occasion basimacula made its nest in the turret-staircase leading to the roof of my bungalow. The cells were very strongly formed and covered with a particularly sticky kind of cement like shell-lac. Polistes hebreus, Fab.—The commonest wasp in Barrack- pore, and generally known as the Yellow wasp. It will take up its position in a verandah, outhouse, or other buildizg, and go on piling up its nest on nests year after year with a persistence which will take no denial. It varies greatly in size and colour, some specimens being pinched and starved in appearance and of a dirty grey- green colour, while others are really fine insects with a brilliant yellow colouring like fresh gamboge. Season and environment may have something to do with this varia- tion. A most striking instance of this was a colony formed in a little white dome-shaped building which protected a monument to one of the former worthies of the Calcutta Botanical Gardens. It stands in one of the main roads of the gardens, without a particle of shelter or shade from the blazing sun, and here hebrwus built its nests year after year, the wasps developing to such a size and of such an intense yellow as almost to suggest a new variety. Vespa cincta, Fab—This species may be taken as the Bengal hornet; it seldom frequents houses, but is common enough in trees, shrubs, and old out-buildings. For many years a large nest was established in the Chirya Khana (aviary) in the Park. Another, a very curious nest, was built in a large square terra-cotta flower-pot in the Park. A tree of some sort had died, leaving a bare stem about four feet high, and up this the nest was built and added to year after year. I hada great ambition-to secure this nest for the British Museum, but the great difficulty of packing it for sea-transport compelled me to give up the idea. This species is very fond of frequenting the date palm when cut by the natives for collecting toddy. They will settle round the stems in thousands to feast on the exuding juice. It is curious that at such times the little grey Indian squirrel (Sciwrus palmarwm) will come and clear the hornets out with its paws, and take its fill of the toddy without being molested in any way, and yet it is not an unknown incident for cincfa to attack even The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. 115 elephants, as the following cutting from The Hinpress of India will show :-— “To walk about Gaur is impossible; there are too many swamps and jungles; the only way to get about is on elephants, and even on these one’s progress is sometimes checked, as happened when we were trying to force our way through the jungle to the Dakhil Gate. We were in single file, the Lieutenant-Governor and Mr. Hillow, the Rajah of Mymensing’s agent, leading, when suddenly orders were passed back to right-about-face, much shouting took place, and we found that the whole line of elephants had been routed by a hornets’ nest, an enemy which is by no means to be despised.”—Himpress, Aug., 1899 (Sir John Woodburn’s Tour). Vespa orientalis, Lin.—Only once have I found this species in the Barrackpore district. A native sweet-seller set up astall one day under a peepul tree near the church, and with it appeared orientalis. After a few weeks sweet- seller and wasp disappeared and were not seen again. Although so rare at Barrackpore, this is about the com- monest wasp up-country, and even at Burdwan, fifty miles from Barrackpore, it can be found in hundreds in the native bazar. APID. Nomia curvipes, Fab.—Occurred occasionally in the Park, but more commonly in a grassy lane between the Barrack- pore Maidan and Pulta. It likes the long “dudh” grass which grows in damp ditches along hedgerows. At Nis- chindipore Nuddea it appeared in sufficient numbers to be quite a feature, and the beautiful gold-brown colouring and bright golden bands glittering in the sun as the bees flitted to and fro against the background of emerald green was an entomological pleasure not readily forgotten. Steganomus nodicornis, Smith—Somewhat rare in the Park, its chief habitat being Pulta, where it is common in the hot weather and rains. Itis a charming little bee and has a quiet weird little flight of its own, which is very puzzling till you get accustomed to it. The little white flowers of a species of Pulicaria are much frequented, ard it has a habit of settling drawn up in a little compact ball on the stem beneath the flowér, when it is almost impossible to discover it. I have been out collecting with a friend a whole day where tliis bee was fairly common without 116 The Aculeate Hymenoptera of Barrackpore. his capturing a single specimen until initiated in their ways. Nomada adusta, Smith.—You could always find one or two specimens of this little Nomada flitting about and settling on blades of grass in the shade of the big trees in Barrackpore Park, near the Vice-regal kitchens. Parevaspis carbonaria, Smith.—Common in Barrackpore Park on the blossom of Duranta plumieri and other flowering shrubs and trees. Megachile bicolor, Fab.; MW. lanata, Fab. ; M. disjuncta, Fab.—Three of the commonest bees in the district, and may be seen at any time anywhere, busy with their leaf- cutting operations. Crovisee emarginata, Lep.; CU. histrio, Fab.—Common in the Park on the flowers of various shrubs and trees, particularly the blossom of Duranta plumieri. Anthophora ciuta, Lin.; A. bicincta, Fab—Common throughout the hot weather and rains about Pulta, frequenting the flowers of a plant much like our own dead-nettle, which is so attractive to our species in England ; indeed, I came across this plant at Pulta one day before I had seen the bee. I felt Anthophora should be near, and sure enough in a few minutes Uicincta and cincta appeared. My delight was great, for I had not been long in India and it reminded me of home. Xylocopa.—Generally common, but more particularly so in both Barrackpore and Ischapur Parks. They form their colonies in the half-decayed trunks of trees, and can be found nearly the whole year round at the flowers of every tree, shrub, or plant. The yellow blossoms of Thevetia nereifolia are a constant attraction to them, also Argyretu nervosa (elephant creeper) and the always favoured Duranta plumieri. Themales of Zstwans have a curious habit of frequenting trees of the china-box which grow in the Park and also in the deserted gardens of some ruins at Pulta; they circle round and round the trees high up and well out ‘of reach’ for hours together, but never settling or resting for a second. Aphis indica, Fab.; A. florea, Fab.—Common in the Park and in one’s gardens, but not to the same extent as our own honey bee is at home. The fine bee, Aphis dorsata, which is so common “ up-country ” in the North- West Provinces, Oudh and the Punjaub, I have never met with in the Barrackpore or Calcutta districts. VI. Descriptions of nineteen new species of Larride, Odynerus and Apide from Barrackpore. By PereR CAMERON. Communicated by GEORGE ALEXANDER JAMES ROTHNEY, F.E.S. {Read March 4th, 1903.] LARRIDES. VerY little attention has been paid to the smaller Indian Larride. In Colonel Bingham’s work only one species of 7 mm. is described. Hence, it is not surprising that many small species should be undescribed. Notogonia anthracina, un. s. Nigra, alis fusco-hyalinis, nervis fuscis, cellula cubitali 1* longiore quam 2*, metanoto reticulato, 9. Long. 7 mm. Hab, BARRACKPORE (Ltothney). Scape of antenne brownish in the middle beneath, shining ; the front closely punctured and with a shallow, narrow furrow in the middle ; the vertex alutaceous; the ocellus has a short, narrow, conical point in front, and is longer than broad, the furrow in front of it is wide and deep ; the curved furrow on the vertex is wide and shallow. Pro- and mesonotum closely punctured. Median segment irregularly reticulated ; the basal two-thirds of the apex irregularly transversely striated ; the apex with a few longitudinal striz in the middle ; the furrow is wide and deep and does not reach beyond the middle. Propleurw irregularly striated ; mesopleure below the furrow strongly and closely punctured ; above it aciculated. The sternum between the middle cox is closely longitudinally striated ; the furrow is deep; the sternal process is stoutly keeled down the middle and on the sides; the apex with a small incision in the middle, the sides oblique. The apical abscissa of the radius is oblique, large ; the first cubital cellule above is shortly, but distinctly, longer than the second ; the first transverse cubital nervure is angled from shertly below the middle, where it is bullated; the seeond recurrent nervure is received shortly behind the middle ; the two recurrent nervures are separated by not much more than half the length of the top of the first cubital cellule. Abdomen pruinose ; the middle ventral segments covered with longish black stiff hair. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1908.—PART I. (APRIL) 118 Mr. P. Cameron on Notogonia intermedia, n. s. Long. 7 mm. ? Hab. BARRACKPORE (Rothney). Is closely related to V. anthracina, from which it may be known by the top of the first cubital cellule being longer compared with the second; by its curved form; by the apical abscissze being broader and rounder; and by the recurrent nervures being nearer each other, being separated by not much more than half the length of the top of the second cubital cellule. Scape of antenn brownish in the middle beneath, the lower part of the front of the face thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; the front and vertex alutaceons, the latter closely punctured behind the keel ; the ocellus circular ; a narrow, pointed piece at the apex ; the furrow in front of it is wide and deep ; the raised part has a shallow, indistinct furrow in the middle. Palpi testaceous ; pro- and meso- notum closely and distinctly punctured ; the metanotum irregularly reticulated at the base, the apex irregularly transversely striated ; the apical slope has a deep furrow to shortly beyond the middle; on either side of this it is obscurely striated; the apex has a few irregular longitudinal striw. The propleure have some irregular striw ; the mesopleure closely and distinctly punctured below the furrow ; the metapleure longitudinally striated, closely below, more widely above. Sternal process keeled down the centre, the keel widest at the base; the apical incision small, the sides slightly oblique. The apical abscissa of the radius is rounded below ; the first cubital cellule is more than one-half longer than the second, the recurrent nervures are received close together at the apex of the basal third of the cellule ; legs and abdomen pruinose. In this species the recurrent nervures are more closely united than usual. Notogonia piliventris, n. 8. Nigra, dense argenteo pilosa ; alis hyalinis, nervis fuscis ; metanoto reticulato ¢@. Long. fere 5 mm. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Ltothney). Scape of antennze covered with a silvery pile, the middle brownish beneath, the flagellum opaque. Head opaque, closely and distinctly punctured, the vertex behind distinctly raised, triangularly incised in the middle, the edges rounded ; the front ocellus has a minute Larride, Odynerus and Apide from Parrachkpore. 119 keel in the middle before and behind, the furrow in front of it is deep, narrow ; the antennal fovee are large, smooth and shining ; the lower orbits, face and oral region are thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Mandibles broadly rufous in the middle; the palpi dark testaceous. Pro- and mesonotum closely punctured, covered with a pale down; the median segment is closely transversely reticulated ; the apex is irregularly transversely striated ; and is thickly covered with silvery hair. Propleura closely and distinctly punctured ; below marked with enrved stria ; mesopleurwe almost smooth above the furrow, below closely punctured ; metapleure closely striated. The mesosternum behind is stoutly keeled round the edges behind, and has a narrow keel down the middle ; the meta- sternal process is hollowed, and is slightly roundly incised in the middle at the apex. Legs pruinose, the spines blackish. Radial cellule short, wide, the apical abscissa of the radius is oblique, and makes an angle with the lower one, which has also an oblique slope ; the first cubital cellule at the top is almost equal in length to the second ; the second recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle, the first half-way between it and the first transverse cubital nervure, which is straight, oblique, and has a large bulla shortly below the middle. Abdomen pruinose ; the pile on the pygidium silvery ; the third and following ventral segments are sparsely covered with long black hair. Notogonia parva, ua. s. Long. 5mm. 2. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Lothney). In size this species agrees with NV. piliventris, but is readily separated from it by the alar neuration. Antenne stout, the keel on the scape fuscous ; the scape is almost bare. The front and oral region thickly covered with bright silvery pubescence, the front and vertex are strongly alutaceous ; the furrow below the ocellus is deep, the ocellus projects triangularly behind ; the raised portion of the vertex has a narrow furrow down the middle ; behind, uniting the eyes, is a ——-shaped furrow. Man- dibles piceous at the apex. Palpi dark testaceous. Pro- and meso- notum closely and distinetly punctured. The basal portion of the median segment is transversely striated; the striae distinctly separated, and at the base they are irregularly joined by longitudi- nal ones ; the apical slope has a few transverse striw ; the furrow is of equal width and extends to near the apex. Propleure strongly aciculated, and is for the greater part striated. Except above the furrow the mesopleure are distinctly and uniformly punctured, 120 Mr, P. Cameron on Metapleuree closely and distinctly striated ; near the base is a perpendicular furrow, divided above the middle by a fovea. The metasternal process is slightly and gradually widened towards the apex, which is incised in the middle, but not widely ; there is an interrupted keel in the middle. The radial cellule is wide ; the apical abscissa of the radius is rounded below ; the first cubital cellule is, if anything, longer than the second ; the first transverse cubital nervure is largely bullated below the middle and _ less distinctly at the top; the upper part has an oblique slope ; the second recurrent nervure is received distinetly behind the middle ; the two are separated by about one-half the length of the top of the first cubital cellule. Abdomen pruinose, the ventral surface is covered with long black hair; the petiole below is closely strongly longitudinally aciculated. Characteristic of this species is the shape of the radius, the apical abscissa of which does not form, on the lower side, a sharp angle, but is broadly rounded. Notogonia indica, n. 8. Long. 5 mmm. Hab, BARRACKPORE (Lothney). Comes near to N. parva; may be known from it by the apical abscissa of the radius not being rounded on the lower side, by the upper (and larger) part of the first transverse cubital nervure being more distinctly angled, by the first cubital cellule being slightly, but distinctly, shorter than the second; by the striation on the meta- pleuree being closer; and the first recurrent nervure is more distinctly roundly curved. Vertex and front alutaceous ; the lower part of the front and the oral region densely covered with silvery pubescence. The ocellus is broader than long, rounded at the sides, and not produced in front or behind; the part behind it is distinctly raised and furrowed down the middle, the curved furrow behind this is distinct, and is produced backwards in the middle, but not very deeply. Palpi dark testaceous. Pro- and mesonotum closely and minutely punctured. The base of the median segment reticulated, more strongly at the base than at the apex ; the apical slope is transversely striated ; the striw rather widely separated ; the middle is deeply furrowed. Propleure irregularly striated. Mesopleuree, below the furrow, strongly and distinctly punctured; metapleure closely longitudinally and somewhat irregularly striated. Wings hyaline, Larvridx, Odynerus and Apide fron Darrackpore. 121 the stigma and nervures fuscous ; the apical abscissa of the radius oblique, straight ; the first cubital cellule is slightly but distinctly shorter than the second ; the upper two-thirds of the first transverse cubital nervure has a distinct curve, and is slightly rounded ; the second recurrent nervure is received near the basal third of the cellule, the space separating it from the first is less than the length of the first cubital cellule above. Abdomen shining, the segments banded with silvery pubescence ; the pile on the pygidinm dense and silvery. Notogonia striaticollis, n. s. Nigra, dense pruinosa ; metanoto reticulato ; metapleuris striolatis ; alis hyalinis, nervis nigris @. Long. 7 mm. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Lothney). Scape of antenne aciculated, the sides covered with silvery pubescence ; beneath it is sharply keeled laterally, the flagellum is covered with a pale pile. Front and vertex closely minutely punctured ; the front thickly covered with minute silvery pubes- cence ; the face and clypeus covered thickly with silvery pubes- cence; the clypeus bears also some long hairs. The ocellus is sharply triangularly produced on the lower side ; below it is a wide and deep furrow. Mandibles broadly rufous on the apex. The eyes at the top are separated by the length of the third antennal joint. Pronotum alutaceous, behind thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; the mesonotum is closely and distinctly punctured all over, and covered with a minute fuscous pile ; the scutellum is more shining, and is dictinctly punctured, but the punctures are not so closely pressed together as they are on the mesonotum., The basal part of the median segment is closely and distinctly reticulated in the middle, the sides transversely striated ; the apical slope is closely irregularly transversely striated; the central furrow is narrow. The basal half of the propleurse is covered with stout curved strize ; mesopleuree closely and distinctly punctured ; the metapleure closely obliquely striated. The metasternal process is rather deep, and is stoutly keeled down the middle. Lees thickly pruinose ; the tarsal and tibial spines black. The first cubital cellule above is shortly, but distinctly, longer than the second ; the first transverse cubital nervure is obliquely sloped at top and bottom ; both the recurrent nervures are received behind the middle of the cellule, and are close together. The basal three segments of the abdomen have broad pruinose bands; the pyvidium is thickly covered with dark silvery, almost golden, pubescence. 122 Mr. P. Cameron on Notogonia varipilosa, 0. s. Nigra, thorace pallide fulvo pilosa, metathorace alutaceo ; alis tof b) 5) ’ hyalinis, apice fumatis <¢. e ’ Long. 7 mm. fab. BARRACKPORE (Lothney). Antenne stout, longish; the scape densely covered with silvery pubescence. Front and face densely covered with silvery pubes- cence ; the vertex alutaceous, the ocellus triangularly produced in front, rounded behind. The apices of the mandibles are rufous, the base thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Palpi dark testaceous. The upper side of the thorax is thickly covered with dark, somewhat fulvous, pubes- cence ; the pubescence on the pleure is longer, brighter, and more silvery in tint. ‘The pubescence is thicker on the median segment, which is alutaceous, and is only indistinctly striated near the apex ; its apical furrow is distinct, narrow, of equal width throughout, and extends from the base to the apex. The sternal process is broad ; the lateral keels are stout ; there is none in the centre ; the apical incision is narrow, twice longer than broad, of equal width through- out, and rounded at the base. Legs thickly pruinose ; the spines black. Wings hyaline, the apex slightly, but distinctly, smoky ; the two cubital cellules are equal in length above ; the upper part of the first transverse cubital nervure has a more sharply oblique slope than the lower part; the second recurrent nervure is received, if anything, behind the middle of the cellule. The apices of the abdominal segments are broadly covered with silvery pile. Notogonia fuscistigma, n. s. Nigra, thorace supra dense fulvo pilosa; alis fere hyalinis, stigmate fusco, nervis nigris, cellula cubitali 2* longiore quam 1* @. Long. 7 mm. Hab, BARRACKPORE (Lothney). Comes near to V. varipilosa, with which it agrees in the colour of the pubescence, but the latter is stouter built, | and has the first cubital cellule as long as the second, whereas in the present species it is perceptibly shorter. Front and vertex alutaceous ; the ocellus is triangularly produced in front ; the clypens is distinctly punctured ; the pile on the lower part of the front has a slight golden tint. Mandibles at the base Larride, Odynerus and Apide from Barrackpore. 125 thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; from the incision they are, for the greater part, rufous. The pro-, meso-, and base of meta- notum are covered densely with fulvous pubescence, the pubescence on the pleurse and the apex of the metanotum silvery. Pro-, meso-, and base of metanotum alutaceous; there is a narrow furrow on the basal two-thirds of the metanotuim ; its apical slope is obscurely transversely striated and has a narrow deep furrow in the middle extending to the apex. The mesopleural furrow is distinct ; the metapleurze closely obscurely obliquely striated. The sternal process is large; the basal third has an oblique slope and is deeply furrowed in the middle ; the apical laps are rounded at the apex ; the incision is short. Legs densely covered with silvery pubescence. The first transverse cubital nervure is largely bullated at the top and near the bottom; above the lower bulla it has an oblique rounded slope ; the first cubital cellule at the top is half the length of the second ; the two recurrent nervures are separated by the . length of the second cellule. Abdomen pruinose. Tegulee brown. N. bengalensis, ere described, comes near to the present species, but it is a more slenderly-built insect; it may be known from it by the sternal keel not being depressed at the base and keeled down the middle; and by the second recurrent nervure being more sharply angled in the middle, the curve not being so broadly rounded. Notogonia bengalensis, n. s. Nigra, thorace dense, fulvo piloso ; alis hyalinis, stigmate fusco ; cellula cubitali 22 duplo longiore quam 1* 9. Long. 6 mm. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Lothney). Comes near to N. vavipi/osa, but is smaller, is more slenderly built, and is readily known from it by the shorter second cubital cellule, it being with varipilosa equal in length to the first. Antenne stout, covered with a pale pile; the scape shining, keeled on the under-side. Head alutaceous; the lower part of the front and the oral region thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Mandibles dark piceous in the middle. Palpi black, thickly covered with white pubescence. Pro-, meso-, and base of metanotum covered with fulvous; the apex of the metanotum and the pleure with bright, silvery pubescence. There is a shallow broad furrow in the centre of the metanotum; the base of the metanotum enarsely 124 Mr. P. Cameron on alutaceous, and with a keel in the middle; the apical slope is thickly covered with silvery pubescence, is obscurely transversely striated, and has a narrow furrow in the middle which extends to near the apex. Pleuré alutaceous. Sternal process large, keeled down the middle, the keel much stronger on the base ; the apex in the middle incised. Legs thickly pruinose, the spines black. Wings hyaline, slightly infuscated at the base ; the first cubital cellule is half the length of the second ; the first transverse cubital nervure is roundly curved, the second recurrent nervure is received shortly behind the middle of the cellule. Abdomen pruinose. Notogonia pygmed, n. s. Nigra, dense argenteo pilosa, alis hyalinis, apice nervisque: fuscis, cellula cubitali 1™* duplo longiore quam 2* 9. Long. 5 mm. Hab, BARRACKPORE (fothncy). Seape of antennz bare, brownish in the middle beneath. The face and the lower part of the front thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; the ocellus round ; the furrow below it wide and not very deep; the transverse furrow behind it is wide, shallow, its sides slightly oblique ; in its middle is a shining longitudinal furrow ; mandibles broadly rufous at the apex; the base thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Palpi dark testaceous. Pro- and mesonotum thickly covered with sericeous pubescence ; that on the former being brighter in tint than on the latter, which is alutaceous, and has a broad shallow furrow down the middle. The basal part of the median segment is alutaceous, neither striated nor reticulated ; the apex is deeply, but not widely, furrowed down the middle. Pleura: alutaceous, without any striations. The metasternal process is wide, is slightly incised in the middle at the apex, and has an obscure keel down the middle. The first cubital cellule at the top is one-half the length of the second, the first transverse cubital nervure has a gradually rounded slope to near the top; the second recurrent nervure is received shortly behind the middle of the cellule, and is sharply angled in the middle; the two are separated by slightly more than the leneth of the top of the first cubital cellule ; the apical abscissa of the radius is straight, not oblique, and forms an acute angle with the lower part. Abdomen pruinose, especially on the apices of the segments, Leys thickly pruinose ; the spines and ealearia black ; the apices of the anterior tarsi testaceous. .Tegulie rufo-testaceous. : Larridx, Odynerus and Apide from Barrackpore. 125 Notogonia picipes, Vr. 8. Nigra, femoribus posticis piceis ; alis hyalinis, stigmate fusco ?. Long. 7 mm. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Lothney). Comes near to NV. suwhtessellata, but is not much more than half the length of the smaller examples of the latter ; the hinder femora, instead of being bright red, are only piceous-red above and almost black below ; the apex of the inedian segment is not so widely excavated, and not at all below the middle ; and the sternal process is not keeled down the middle, and not obliquely raised towards the apex. Mandibles broadly rufous towards the apex. Palpi testaceous. Front and face thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Ocellus irregularly round. Thorax alutaceous; covered with a silvery pile, the middle of the metapleure irregularly striated at the base ; the apical slope is indistinctly transversely striated, its upper half is furrowed in the middle ; the sides of the furrow have an oblique slope. The sternal process is wide, and is not keeled in the middle ; its apical incision is small. Wings clear hyaline, the stigma fuscous, the apical abscissa of the radius is rounded below ; the first cubital cellule at the top is about one-third shorter than the second, the second recurrent nervure is received shortly, but distinctly, behind the middle of the cellule. Legs black, pruinose; the hinder femora for the greater part above reddish-piceous ; the hinder tibia have a piceous tint; spines and calearia black. Abdomen pruinose, the apical segment is distinctly and roundly incised. Notogonia pilosa, 0. s. Nigra, dense albo pilosa ; alis fusco-hyalinis, stigmate nervisque testaceis ¢. Long. 12 mm. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Leothney). Front and vertex strongly and closely punctured, thickly covered with long fuscous hair; the lower orbits, face and clypeus thickly with longer silvery pubescence ; the projecting apex of the clypeus smooth, shining and bare. The anterior ocellus is minute, glassy, slightly pointed in front; in the middle of the front is a wide and shallow longitudinal furrow ; the depression on the vertex is wide, deep, transverse, and narrower at the sides. Mandibles black, at the 126 Mr. P. Cameron on base thickly covered with silvery pubescence, Palpi thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; the apical joints testaceous. Pro- and mesonotum strongly and closely punctured and thickly covered with short white pubescence ; the scutellum is closely punctured like the mesonotum ; the post-secutellum has the punctures smaller and closer. Median segment thickly covered with white pubescence, closely rugosely punctured ; on the apex the punctation is stronger ; its sides are transversely striated ; the central furrow is distinct in the middle. Propleure closely punctured, the punctures more closely pressed together behind ; in the middle is a wide, shallow, oblique furrow; the tubercles are thickly fringed behind with grey pubescence ; the perpendicular furrow is crenulated, deep and moder- ately wide ; the longitudinal one is narrower and not so deep. Meta- pleure punctured, slightly so at the base ; the lower part.at the base and middle striated. Pro- and the basal part of the mesosternum keeled down the middle ; the metasternal process closely punc- tured and thickly covered with long white hair; the apical lobes rounded ; coxee and femora thickly covered with white hair ; the tibiz more thickly and shortly with white pubescence, their spines pale rufous ; the tarsi thickly pruinose, their spines rufous. Wings fusco-hyaline, the neryures pallid fuscous; the first cubital cellule above is slightly shorter than the second, the first transverse cubital nervure is oblique and bulges out slightly backwards in the middle ; both the recurrent nervures are received shortly behind the middle of the cellule; the second recurrent nervure has a broadly rounded curve. Abdomen thickly pruinose, especially on the apices of the segments ; the basal ventral segment is rufous. Comes near to JV, laboriosa and NV. jaculatriz, but is quite distinct from either. Tachysphex striolata, uv. s. Nigra, tegulis testaceis ; alis clare hyalinis ; nervis fuscis ; segmento mediali striolato 9. Long. 8 mm. Hab, BARRACKPORE (Lothney). Head opaque, closely and distinctly punctured ; the face and sides of the clypeus thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; the front and vertex sparsely haired. The deformed hinder ocelli are oblique, shining, the anterior is broader than long ; the ocellar region is raised and has a shallow furrow down the middle between the ocelli; behind them is a deep semi-circular furrow, behind which the vertex Larridx, Odynerus and Apide from Barrackpore. 127 is raised ; behind the antenne are two distinct oblique shining tubercles. The apex of the clypeus is shining, smooth, bare ; its extreme apex depressed. Mandibles broadly rufous in the middle, their base thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Pro- and meso- notum closely punctured, the former thickly covered with white pubescence. Scutellum less strongly punctured than the mesonotum. Median segment at the base closely obliquely striated ; in the middle with curved transverse striae; the apex is closely transversely striated. Propleure shining, aciculated above. Mesopleur closely punctured ; at the base is a wide perpendicular furrow which is striated above. The apex of the metanotum is longitudinally closely striated, the base above is sparsely, below closely punctured. Meta- sternal area with raised sides ; the central keel is broad and does not quite reach the base, Legs black, covered with a white down; the tibial and tarsal spines are white ; the calcaria pale testaceous ; wings clear hyaline, iridescent ; the stigma and nervures dark fuscous ; the first cubital cellule above is about one-fourth longer than the second, the first transverse cubital nervure is oblique and is slightly elbowed on the lower side; the second recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle. Abdomen shining, the apices of the segments pruinose ; the pygidium shining, its apex rufous, Comes near to 7’. bituberculata, but that species is larger ; its wings have a distinct yellowish tinge and are fuscous at the apex, otherwise may easily be known by the median segment being reticulated ; with the striz stouter and not oblique. Tachysphex puncticeps, n. s. Nigra, capite thoraceque dense punctatis, metanoto reticulato, apice striato ; alis hyalinis, nervis fuscis ?. Long. 7 mm. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Lothucey). Scape of antennae smooth and shining, the sides bearing a pale microscopic pile; the flagellum opaque. Vertex closely and dis- tinctly punctured, the punctures distinetly separated ; behind the ocelli is a large depression, which is obliquely narrowed behind, the apex is deeper and shining, the front is closely rugosely punctured. The antennal tubercles ave smooth and shining, the cheeks, face and clypeus are thickly covered with silvery pubescence, the cly- peus is distinctly depressed, smooth, bare and shining. Mandibles broadly rufous in the middle ; the palpi dark testaceous. The eyes at the top are separated by slightly more than the length of the third 128 Mr. P. Cameron on antennal joint. Mesonotum closely and distinctly punctured and thickly covered with a short pale down. Scutellum shining, only very minutely punctured. Median segment closely reticulated ; the apex strongly and closely transversely striated ; the furrow is wide and deep and does not reach the middle. Propleurze smooth ; meso- pleure closely punctured ; the metapleure, closely, obliquely striated. Prosternum furrowed rather widely in the middle. Metasternal pro- cess not defined. Legs pruinose, the tibial and tarsal spines are white. Wings clear hyaline, the nervures fuscous, the first cubital cellule is shortly, but distinctly, longer than the second ; the upper (and larger) part of the first transverse cubital nervure has a distinct, oblique slope ; the second recurrent neryure is received in the middle of the cellule. The basal three segments of the abdomen are fringed with silvery pubescence, Tachysphex varihirta, n. s. Nigra, dense argenteo pilosa, basi metanoti rugoso, apice striolata ; alis hyalinis, cellula cubitali 1* duplo longiore quam 2*; nervis stigmateque nigris ¢. Long. fere 6 mm. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Rothney). Front and vertex closely punctured, the front more strongly than the vertex ; the lower part of the front closely covered with silvery pubescence, the inner orbits in the middle with pale golden pubes- cence; the face and clypeus thickly covered with silvery pubes- cence ; its middle with a slight rounded incision ; the labrum smooth and shining. Base of mandibles thickly. covered with silvery pubes- cence, the middle rufous. Palpi dark testaceous. The hinder part of the head is thickly covered with silvery pubescence. Pro- and mesonotum covered with silvery pubescence which is very thick and long near the tegule ; mesonotum closely and distinctly punctured ; the scutellum has the punctures more widely separated. Median segment closely rugosely longitudinally rugose ; in the middle, at the base, are some irregularly waved strie and it is thickly covered with white pubes- cence ; the apical slope is closely transversely striated. Propleurce strongly punctured above, below smooth and shining ; mesopleuree closely, but not very strongly, punctured ; the lower part thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; metapleure closely striated, the striz more widely separated at the base. Mesosternum closely punc- tured, shining ; the metasternal area closely punctured, the apex in- cised in the middle ; the raised sides stout, the middle indistinctly keeled. Legs thickly covered with silvery pubescence ; the four Larride, Odynerus and Apide from Barrackpore. 129 anterior calcaria pale testaceous. The first cubital cellule at the top is somewhat more than twice the length of the second, the first trans- verse cubital nervure is oblique, straight ; the second recurrent nervure is received almost in the middle of the cellule. Abdomen shorter than the thorax, the basal three segments broadly banded with silvery pubescence on the apices; pygidium smooth and shining. Odynerus sibilans, n. Ss. Niger, flavo maculato ; clypeo flavo, nigro maculato, flagello an- tennarum subtus rufo ; pedibus flavis, coxis, trochanteribus femori- busque posticis nigris; alis hyalinis, apice violaceis 9. Long. 8 mm. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Lothney). Antenne black, the scape yellow, the flagellum brownish beneath ; head black, the eclypeus, except a triangular black mark in the centre at the apex, the lower inner orbits, the eye incision, an irregular broad line across the vertex, dilated downwards in the middle and broadly incised above, and all united together and the upper half of the outer orbits, yellow. Frontand vertex strongly rugosely punctured, the centre of the front between the antennz shining and minutely punctured. Clypeus broad above, rounded there, obliquely narrowed towards the apex, sparsely punctured, the punctures rather large and deep, the apex with a broad shallow incision. Mandibles rufous, yellow at the base, the inner side black. Thorax black, closely and rather strongly punctured ; the pronotum broadly above, a round spot below the tegul, scutellum, post-scutellum and the sides of the median segment broadly yellow. Median segment rugosely punctured, the middle stoutly keeled and transversely striated ; from the keel near the top, a transverse, stout, slightly curved keel runs from either side. Pleure closely punctured, the base of the meso- and metapleure smooth. Legs yellow, the fore coxe, the others behind, the trochanters base of anterior femora and the posterior entirely, black. Wings hyaline, infuscated along the fore margin; the apex violaceous, the second cubital cellule is much narrower above, being not one-fourth of the length of the third. Abdomen black, the apex of the petiole, its sides broadly, a large mark on the sides of the second segment, its apex broadly, the sides narrowly, the apices of the third and fourth and the fifth and sixth in the middle, yellow. The ventral segments are broadly yellow. There is an indistinct keel, more distinct on the sides than in the middle, on the petiole behind the yellow mark. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 9 130 Mr. P. Cameron on APID &. Halictus itinerans, n. s. Black, thickly covered with longish white hair; the sides and apex of the median segment closely and distinctly reticulated; the apices of the segments depressed and less strongly punctured than the base ¢. Long. 7-8 mm. Hab, BARRACKPORE (LRothney). Antenne stout, the flagellum bare, the scape covered with longish white hair. Vertex shining, sparsely and minutely punctured ; the front is closely, somewhat strongly and uniformly punctured ; its lower side, the face and the vertex are thickly covered with white pubescence. Clypeus strongly, but not very closely, punctured, its apex transverse. Mesonotum distinctly, but not very strongly punc- tured and with a narrow furrow on either side towards the apex. Scutellum shining, punctured. The area on the median segment is large and extends to the top of the apical slope ; it is closely, strongly, longitudinally, punctured ; the apical slope and the metapleure are closely reticulated ; the pleurze more closely reticulated, with the reticulations less clearly defined than on the apex. Mesopleure rugosely punctured. The apical slope of the median segment is distinctly margined and is furrowed down the middle. Wings clear hyaline, the stigma dark fuscous, the nervures black ; the first re- current nervure is received quite close to the second transverse cubital. Legs black, rather thickly covered with white hair ; the hair on the under-side of the tarsi and their spines are rufous; the spurs are pale rufous. Abdomen closely and distinctly punctured, except on the apices of the segments which are depressed ; the base of the dorsal segments are covered with white hair; the ventral surface is thickly covered with longer white hair. The base of the last ventral segment is distinctly raised, the raised part forming a semi-circle ; the apex of the segment is transverse. Tegule black. Comes near to H. ciris and H. vishnu, but cannot well be confounded with either. Halictus interstitialis, n. s. Black, the apices of the tarsi testaceous, the mesonotum and the scutellum reticulated closely, the base of the median segment more widely and less regularly reticulated, the abdomen impunctate, the base of the second segment with a broad band of grey pubescence ; the front distinctly keeled 2. Long. 6 mm, Larride, Odynerus and Apide from Barrackpore. 131 Hab. BARRACKPORE (Lothney). Antenne black, the apical half of the flagellum brownish, black above. The clypeus is strongly, regularly but not very closely, punctured—the face is less strongly punctured—the front and vertex are coarsely alutaceous ; the front has a narrow distinct keel which extends from the ocelli to the base of the antenne ; the front, face and elypeus are covered with white pubescence ; the vertex more sparsely with longish pale hair. The reticulation on the mesonotum becomes stronger towards the apex ; the scutellum is less strongly reticulated at the sides ; the post-scutellar region is thickly covered with white hair. The apex of the pronotum is raised laterally at the base into a sharp plate-like projection, which above is thickly covered with white pubescence. Mesopleure obscurely reticulated. The base of the median segment is irregularly reticulated, the longitudinal striz are regular ; the transverse ones much more irregular and more or less broken, the sides and the apical slope are thickly covered with white pubescence, the hair on the sides is much longer than elsewhere. The hair on the tibie and tarsi are fulvous, on the femora, sparser, longer and white, the hair is fringed ; the outer spur on the hinder tibia is armed with stout spines. Wings clear hyaline, the stigma and nervures testaceous, the first recurrent nervure is interstitial. Abdomen smooth, shining, impunctate ; the base of the second segment has a band of white, depressed pubescence at the base ; the other segments are broadly, but not thickly, fringed, with white pubescence on the apex, the anal fimbra is rufous, the ventral surface is covered rather thickly with long white soft hair. The hinder tibiz and tarsiare distinctly rufous, this being also the case with the femora beneath ; the tegul are rufo-piceous ; there are no transverse furrows on the abdominal segments. Comes near to H. /iodomus, Vachal. Halictus bengalensis, un. s. Long. 7 mm. Hab. BARRACKPORE (Lothiey). This species comes near to H. ceylonicus, but it wants the blue tint on the head and thorax; the base of the median segment is strongly marked with stout twisted keels, the clypeus is more strongly and distinctly punctured all over, and there is a distinct transverse furrow on the basal two abdominal segments. Antenne black, brownish beneath towards the apex. Front closely and uniformly punctured, the vertex is less closely and 132 Larridx, Odynerus and Apide from Barrackpore. distinctly punctured especially near the ocelli. The cheeks are thickly covered with white pubescence ; the face is sparsely and minutely punctured ; the clypeus is much more strongly and dis- tinctly punctured except at the apex. The punctures are large and elongate, the centre at the apex is narrowly depressed. The labrum projects slightly in the centre, it is closely and coarsely aciculated with the sides smooth. Mesonotum shining, closely punctured, more closely punctured at the sides than in the middle. There is a distinct basal central furrow which extends beyond the middle and a shorter one on the sides. Scutellum smooth, the sides and apex punctured. Post-scutellar region covered closely with white pubes- cence. The base of the median segment is covered with stout irregularly twisted striz, which are more oblique laterally than in the centre. The apical slope is smooth, shining, and is distinctly bordered round the edges; its top in the centre is slightly bent downwards with the edges oblique ; in the centre of the apical half is a deep, clearly defined, furrow. The lower part of the propleurze is irregularly striated ; below the middle at the base is an oblique furrow. Mesopleure thickly covered with white hair. Wings hyaline, the stigma testaceous, the nervures of a darker testaceous colour ; the second recurrent nervure is interstitial. Legs black, the hair white ; on the under-side of the tarsi fulvous, the calcaria testaceous ; the spines on the hinder calcaria are long at the baze and become gradually shorter towards the apex. Abdomen smooth, shining and impunctate ; the segments at the base with a band of white depressed pubescence. The anal fimbra is brownish and broad ; the segment is brownish and the hair covering on it is long and fuscous. The eyes converge slightly below, there is a distinct keel on the lower part of the front, the metathoracic area is not defined at the apex by a keel or distinct margin ; there is a distinct transverse furrow beyond the middle of the basal two abdominal segments ; the apices of the tarsi are rufous. The pubescent band on the base of the second segment is broader than it is on the other segments. Comes near to H. albesens, which may be known from it by the front not being carinate. It is related to H. carinifrons, Cam.; that is a smaller, more slenderly- built insect; the striated area reaches to the top of the apical slope and the sides at the top are rounded, not straight and oblique; the basal two segments of the abdomen, too, want the transverse furrows. The calcaria are more distinctly spined than usual. ( “33 -*) VII. Notes on the nests of Bees of the genus Trigona. By CHARLES OWEN WATERHOUSE, F.E.S. [Read March 4th, 1903.] Priate V1. FRoM time to time portions of the resinous masses formed by species of Zrigona have been received by our National Museum, and I believe have been exhibited at meetings of this Society ; but so far as I know no complete nest has ever been shown. When my friend Mr. Ridley, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore, was last in England, I asked him to endeavour to procure me one. This is attended with some difficulty, as the nests are generally built in hollow trees away in the forest, and usually at a considerable height from the ground. Soon after his return to Singapore, Mr. Ridley was fortunate enough to see a large nest of 7. collina from Malacca being exhibited at an Agricultural Show, and he very kindly purchased it and sent it home tome. The bees were still alive in it when it arrived. As soon as they ceased to come out, I had the great mass of resin, which weighed 40 lbs., sawn in half. Roughly speaking the nest is 24 inches long, and 9 inches wide. The resinous parts, about 8 inches at the top, and nearly the same at the bottom, have numerous irregular galleries and cavities. Some of these cavities are empty, but many of them are filled with pollen. This was soft and spongy when the nest arrived; now it is very hard, but the appearance is the same. The central part of the block is occupied by what one may call the nest proper. This is about 7 inches by 6. It consists of innumerable galleries and chambers which are quite irregular, separated by yellowish waxy partitions that are not thicker than stout paper. In these partitions are seen the oval cells containing immature bees. The cells are 8 millimetres long, and about 4} broad. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 134 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on They are placed quite irregularly as to position and ee Sl ieee, eens direction, sometimes in groups, sometimes isolated. (Fig. 1.) Although the Eastern 7vrigone are numerous and we have a fair number in the British Museum, all the specimens are workers, and only workers appear to have been described. I was very glad to find some males in the nest described. Trigona collina, 2. The male so closely resembles the worker that it might easily escape observation. The antenne are a trifle longer, and more slender, with the second joint of the flagellum very short and strongly transverse. The face is relatively narrower ; the clypeus with its limits ill-defined, and with only the front margin obscure ferruginous. The posterior tibiz are nearly of the same form as in the worker, but the metatarsus, instead of being very broad and inclined to be triangular, is parallel and as long as the following joints of the tarsus taken together. The abdomen instead of being obtusely acuminate and pubescent at the apex, is almost truncate and beset with long, stiff, black hairs. On the under-side it is longitudinally concave, and generally more or less testaceous. The genitalia are nearly always more or less visible. The entrance to the nest of 7. col/ina is by means of a long resinous tube, that stands out from the trunk of the tree. The only complete one which has reached me and which was exhibited at this Society in March 1900, is 14 inches in length, with a somewhat spoon-shaped prolongation at the entrance. The Nests of Bees of the genus Trigona. 135 Trigona ruficormis, Sinith.* When the nest above described was received, Mr. Ridley also sent a nest of Zrigona ruficorinis, Smith, one of the smallest bees known. This was in a post in the Botanic Gardens at Singapore, in a cavity evidently excavated by Termites. The nest from which the type of this species was described (Tr. Zool. Soc., vu, p. 185) was in a similar excavation. The nest is 8 inches long, in a cylindrical cavity of about 24 inches diameter. There are various irregular galleries or means of communication formed of black waxy substance. In the lower part for about 4 inches the space is occupied by closely-placed irregular closed chambers, generally about one quarter of an inch in length, formed of very thin, brownish wax. (Fig. 2.) These chambers were nearly all filled with honey; two or three with pollen. In the upper part of the nest are the brood cells. These are oval, about 3; mm. long, and nearly 3 mm. broad, formed of brownish-yellow wax, either isolated or massed together. (Fig. 3.) Many of them are on a short peduncle. Most of them were filled with pollen, but many contained immature bees. Those con- taining the bees were of a lighter, more testaceous colour. This difference is no doubt due to the pollen having been consumed, so that they are dry. Among the bees (which were alive when the nest arrived) there were males and workers. They are extremely alike, but nearly all the workers have the abdomen entirely yellow; a few, however, have the apex * If the genus Trigona is united with Melipona as is done by some authors, the name smithii, proposed for it by Col. Bingham (Fauna Indica) will have to be adopted on account of the older Melipona ruficornis, Latr. 136 The Nests of Bees of the genus Trigona. dusky. Possibly this is due to staining. All the males have it fuscous at the apex, with the base clear yellow. The apices of the genitalia are nearly always visible. The form of the posterior legs is almost identical in the male and worker, but the hairs forming the fringe on the upper margin of the tibiz in the worker are white and brush- like at the tip, whereas in the male they are nearly all simple. The type specimens of this species, which are from N.W. India, have the antennz rusty-red. All the males from the nest above described have them dark-brown, nearly black. In the workers the scape is clear yellow, and the flagellum hght-brown, EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI, Nest of Trigona collina, about one-fourth natural size. P, P, chambers filled with pollen. R, R, solid resin. © agye VU A remarkable new Lepidopterous Insect from Zulu- land. By Sir GeorcE F, Hampson, Bart., B.A., F.ZS. [Read April 1st, 1903.] Genus APOPROGONES, nov. Proboscis fully developed ; palpi porrect extending about the length of head, the 1st and 2nd joints fringed with long hair below, the 3rd rather long, smoothly scaled ; frons smooth with large tuft of woolly hair; eyes widely separated on vertex of head, large, round, naked, overhung by long cilia; ocelli absent ; antenne simple, dilated into a club before the terminal hook ; vertex of head and thorax thickly clothed with rough scales mixed with some hair; pectus with long hair ; tibize smoothly scaled, the mid-tibiz with one, the hind-tibize with two pairs of moderate spurs ; abdomen with some rough scales and hair on dorsum especially towards base. Apoprogones hesperistis, 3 4 Fore-wing broad with the costa arched towards apex which is rounded, the termen evenly curved ; vein la forming a fork with 1b; le absent ; 2 from two-thirds length of cell; 3 from before angle ; 5 from above middle of discocellulars ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8,9, 10 strongly stalked from just before upper angle, 10 from long beyond 7; 11 from cell, straight; retinaculum a corneous bar from subcostal nervure ; frenulum strong. Hind-wing with the costa moderately arched; the termen excised from below apex to vein 4, then crenulate, the inner margin long ; the inner area narrow, vein la not extending to tornus ; le absent ; vein 2 from near angle of cell; 3,4 from angle ; 5 from above middle of discocellulars ; 6,7 from upper angle ; 8 bent down and touching cell near base, then widely separated. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART I. (APRIL) 138 Sir G. F, Hampson on Apoprogoncs hesperistis, n. sp. ¢. Head, thorax and abdomen black with a few grey scales and hairs ; pectus with the hair mostly grey ; tarsi with white rings. Fore- wing dark leaden grey irrorated and striated with black, forming very ill-defined antemedial, medial and two postmedial waved lines ; a small pink spot above base of vein 1; an ill-defined white bar beyond the cell between veins 6 and 4, and a small triangular post- medial spot above vein 6 ; a subterminal series of white points in the interspaces with a small rufous spot before the one above vein 4. Hind-wing black-brown, the costal area whitish towards base, the inner area clothed with large rough leaden-blue scales and crossed by numerous indistinct waved black lines with very ill-defined pink striz between them towards tornus; an oblique white bar just beyond the cell and traces of the white postmedial band of under-side ; cilia of both wings chequered black and white. Under-side of fore- wing with the basal area pale yellow slightly irrorated with brown ; a large elliptical black discoidal spot with a white bar beyond it ; a postmedial white band straight from costa to vein 4, then incurved ; hind-wing with the basal area pale yellow thickly irrorated with black-brown ; an elliptical black discoidal spot with oblique white bar beyond it ; a postmedial white band with waved outer edge, bent inwards and narrower towards costa ; the inner area whitish to the postmedial line, interrupted below end of cell and before the postmedial band. Hab. ZULULAND, Eshowe 1500 feet, very thickly-wooded country (Mrs. W. M. Mercer). Exp. 46 mill. Type in Brit. Mus. A good deal rubbed. The genusmust be assigned to the family EUSCHEMONID represented by the single species Huschemon rafilesia, Westw., from Australia, that however isa typical Hesperid, except in having a strong frenulum and retinaculum, whilst the present genus has veins 7, 8, 9, 10 of the fore- wings stalked, in Luschemon and all HESPERIAD# all the subcostal ves arising from the cell. -Apoprogones must therefore be considered a development from the Lepido- pterous stock at the point where the butterflies branched off. In what part of the world the butterflies first arose we cannot of course say, but all the surviving forms at all closely related to their point of origin belong to the scattered remnants of the old Antarctic fauna; we have first the Castniade found in the Neotropical region and A remarkable new Lepidopterous Insect. 139 again in Australia, then the Neocustniadx# represented by Tascina orientalis, Westw., from Singapore, Neocastnia niceviller, Hmpsn., from Tenasserim, and NV. inetallica, Pag., from Palawan, next the Huschemonide represented by Huschemon rapiesia from Australia, and finally Apoprogones from Zululand. From this Antarctic fauna probably is derived the greater part of the Australian fauna, a few scattered representatives in Christmas Jsland, the Nicobars, Singapore, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Palawan, some in the Ceylonese subregion and Madagascar, a few in South Africa, and it seems likely that the very specialized and characteristic Neotropical fauna is derived from the same stock. APRIL 29, 1903. ( 141 ) IX. On Lepidoptera from the White Nile, collected by Myr. W. L. S. Loat, F.Z.8.; together with further notes on Seasonal Dimorphism wm Butterflies. By Dr. FREDERICK A. Dixty, M.A., M.D., Fellow of Wad- ham College, Oxford. [Read March 18th, 1903. ] PAE Vell Mr. W. L. 8. Loar, during his tenure of office as super- intendent of the Nile Fish Survey under the Egyptian Government, spent more than three years in a scientific investigation of the waters of the Nile and its tributaries. Though his biological activities were mainly engaged in other directions, he took several opportunities of collecting butterflies; and the specimens captured by him in April 1901, and in January and March 1902, are in many respects of great interest. They are generally in excellent condition, and are accompanied by ample data; but the collection (which has been liberally presented by Mr. Loat to the Hope Museum at Oxford) derives what is perhaps its greatest value from the fact that the specimens are marked in such a manner as to allow all those caught at one time and in one spot to be grouped together. The captor informs me that on these occasions no voluntary selection was made on his part; that he tried, in fact, to catch all he saw; so that each of his“ bags” may be taken as a fair sample of the butterfly life that was at that particular time on the wing. The localities of Mr. Loat’s captures are as follows :— J. Waite NILE; GHARB-EL-AISH, near KAKA; about 11° N. Lat. II. WuirE NILE; near KAKA; about 10° 30’ N. Lat. III. BAuR-EL-GEBEL (Nile); near MANGALA; about 5° ING Wat: IV. BAHR-EL-GEBEL (Nile); GonpoKoRO; 4° 43’ N. Lat. Several of the species obtained from all these localities are well known to be seasonally dimorphic. As will be seen later, the present collection contains a preponderance TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART II. (JUNE) 10 142 oe, Dixey on of “dry-season” forms. The large proportion of Pierines to the whole number is remarkable ; as also is the general resemblance borne by the whole assemblage to the butter- fly fauna of Aden. It was remarked by Dr. Butler Proc. Zool. Soc., 1901, p. 25, that the collection made by Captain Dunn on the Bahr-el-Zeraf (White Nile) had a very Aden-like aspect, and in particular that it contained all the forms of Limnas chrysippus, Linn., just as they occur at Aden. In Somaliland, as is well know n, the prevailing form of L. chrysippus is L. klugit, Butl., w itha sprinkling of its modification LZ. dorippus, Klug; in other respects the present collection recalls the Somaliland fauna almost as distinctly as it does that of Aden. It will be neticed that Mr. Loat’s insect-collecting was limited to a very few occasions, and to only three months in the year. This will no doubt account for the absence from his collection of a few species which occur in that of Captain Dunn (/oc, cit.). Among such are Precis bodpis, Trim., Adella phalantha, Drury, and especially Hypolimnas misippus, Linn. There is no new species among Mr, Loat’s captures, but they include the male of Pinacopterys venatus, Butl., of which the female only has hitherto been known to science, Subjoined is an account of the places and dates of capture, as carefully recorded by Mr. Loat, together with a list of the specimens taken on each occasion. It has been thought worth while to preserve his details, even to the time of day at which the captures were made. J. WuireE NILE; GHARB-EL-AISH, near KAKA; about die IN] Lat: 1901, April 13 A, Between 1 and 2 p.m. PIERIN &. TERACOLUS GLYCERA, Butl. Teracolus glycera, Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 144; Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1897, vol. 11, p. 461; Proc. Zool. Soc., L901, p. 25. 424,39. This, as Dr. Butler remarks, is a form of the T. antigone group. It is barely, if at all, distinguishable from 7’, evagore, Klug (7. saxeus, Swinh.). See below, p. 161. Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 145 HESPERIID A. GEGENES NOSTRODAMUS, Fabr. 1 @; with sharper wings and paler than Mr, Bennett's Socotran example (also a ?).* ZL. Between 5 and 5 p.m. DANAIN A. LIMNAS CHRySIPPUS, Linn. L. chrysippus, Linn., 4 23 alcuppoides, Moore, 2 f; alcippus, Cram., 12; klugit, Butl, 18; dorippus, Klug, 1 &. These are of the colourmg usual in examples from the northern districts of the “East African” subregion. The chrysippus are duller and darker in hue than speci- mens from Socotra, and the subapical white spots are less discrete. The specimen of A/ugii is somewhat paler than the average of that form. It is remarkable that all five variations of chrysippus are represented in these nine examples taken at the same time and in the same place.+ NYMPHALIN &. BYBLIA ILITHYIA, Drury. 12; intermediate between “wet” and “ dry.” PRECIS CEBRENE, Trim. 1 9; wet. PIERIN A. TERACOLUS GLYCERA, Butl. (a) BELENOIS MESENTINA, Cram. 26,0 23 wet. LYCAININ Al. CHILADES TROCHILUS, Freyer. LAS TARUCUS THEOPHRASTUS, F'abr. 1 2; rather small and dark. * Proc. Zool. Soc., 1898, p. 382. + On the varying forms of Limnas chirysippus, Linn., with their distribution, see Poulton in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, pp. 473- 482, ibique citata; to which may be added a note by the present writer in Proc. Zool. Soc., 1900, pp. 10, 11. 144 Dr. F. A. Dixey on PoLYOMMATUS B&TICUS, Linn. Ze eeomal HESPERITD#® GEGENES NOSTRODAMUS, Fabr. Le, April 14. Between 9 and 10 a.m. DANAINA. LIMNAS CHRYSIPPUS, Linn. L, klugw, Butl,-1 ¢. NYMPHALIN&. VANESSA CARDUI, Linn. lie o.. PIERINE. TERACOLUS GLYCERA, Butl. lee Se: BELENOIS MESENTINA, Crain. 1 f; wet. LYCAININ A TARUCUS THEOPHRASTUS, Fabr. Ia TARUCUS TELICANUS, Lan or >° 1 #3; rather small. O POLYOMMATUS B&TICUS, Linn. 1 9. HESPERIIDA. GEGENES NOSTRODAMUS, Fabr. 9 ft ie At the time of the two days’ collecting above recorded, the dry weather was breaking up. ‘Thunder was heard in the distance, and the rains were just about arriving. The next batch of butterflies was caught at a point on the Nile a little further south, and a week later in the season. Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 145 II. Waite NILE; near Kaka; 10° 30’ N. Lat. 1901, April 21. A. Between 9 and 11 a.m. DANAINA. LIMNAS cHRystPpus, Linn. L. alcippoides, Moore, 2 2; alcippus, Cram., 1 23 hlugii, Buttle NYMPHALIN. PRECIS CEBRENE, Trim. 1 f; wet. PIERINA. TERACOLUS GLYCERA, Butl. lee . TERACOLUS DATRA, Klue. 3 4,22; all somewhat hghtly marked. ) ) 5 J TERACOLUS LEO, Butl. 1 f, “dry,” but with no pink shade beneath; 1 9, white, with very slight orange flush. Inclined towards “ wet.” TERACOLUS PHISADIA, Godt.. 12: with orange flush on upper surface of fore-wing, and decided reddish shade beneath. TERACOLUS PROTOMEDIA, Klug. 22 BELENOIS GIDICA, Godt. Northern form (2. abyssinica, Luc.), 2 2, 3 2. The males tend to the wet form; one has the wings very sharply pointed. Of the females, one is wet, one intermediate, and the remaining one verges towards dry. BELENOIS MESENTINA, Cram. lore wel: LYCANINA. CHILADES TROCHILUS, Freyer. oR POLYOMMATUS B&TICUS, Linn. 29. 146 Dr. F. A. Dixey on HESPERIIDA. CHAPRA MATHIAS, Fabr. pea PE. Between 3 and 5 p.m. DANAINA. LIMNAS CHRYSIPPUS, Linn. L. chrysippus, Linn. 12; aleippus, Cram., 3 2%; klugit, Butoh. PIERIN A. TERACOLUS PHLEGYAS, Butl. 1f,12 (yellow); both wet. TERACOLUS EUPOMPE, Klug. 1¢,12. Both of these are “dry” in character, but the male is without the pinkish shade beneath, and the female only has it to a moderate extent. Mr. Loat describes the flight of the male m this and the preceding species as er wil laeaes TERACOLUS GLYCERA, Butl. ike Oo,» —-4-. TERACOLUS DAIRA, Klug. Abe TERACOLUS LEO, Butl. 1 2; yellow, with orange flush. Under-side pinkish, as in the dry-season form. TERACOLUS PLEIONE, Klug. 1; intermediate, verging towards wet. TERACOLUS PHISADIA, Godt. 5¢, 19. Three of the males are full wet-season forms, the other two show an infusion of flesh-colour in the yellow of the under-side. The female is less reddish beneath than the specimen of the same sex taken earlier on the same day. * Of. Mr. G. A. K. Marshall’s observations on the flight of “ purple- tips.’—Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, pp. 354, 371; ‘see also Trimen, “ South-African Butterflies,” vol. 111, 1889, p. 107. Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 147 TERACOLUS AMELIA, Luc. 1 9. Dry-season; no basal duskiness on the upper surface, TERACOLUS PROTOMEDIA, Klug. D) 2) 2. BELENOIS GIDICA, Godt. Northern form (B, abyssinica, Luc.). 1 2%, wet; 2 2, dry. BELENOIS MESENTINA, Cram. 2 ¢,2 9; all wet. III. BAwr-EL-GEBEL (Nile); near MANGALA; about 5° N. Lat. More or less open wooded country, with scrub and dried grass in places; near the river. 1902, January 8. Between 3.30 and 5 p.m. PIERIN &. TERACOLUS EUPOMPE, Klug. 12%, 12, intermediate; 1 9, dry. All these have more or less basal duskiness. TERACOLUS EVARNE, Klug. aes lediye TERACOLUS EPIGONE, Feld. T. microcale, Butl. See Ann. May. Nat. Hist., 1897, i, p. 472. 32; all dry. TERACOLUS GLYCERA, Butl. he ACS, TERACOLUS DATRA, Klug. Zee O. BELENOIS SEVERINA, Cram. Form boguensis, Feld. 1 2, intermediate. 148 Dr. F, A. Dixey on January 9. Between 9 and 11 a.m. PIERINA. TERACOLUS EUPOMPE, Klug. 24,19, intermediate ; 19 dry. TERACOLUS EVARNE, Klug. 192,39; all dry. The dry-season character especially well-marked in the females. TERACOLUS EPIGONE, Feld. te 3 pen alldny,. TERACOLUS GLYCERA, Butl. TE gai ee TERACOLUS DAIRA, Klug. eels BELENOIS SEVERINA, Cram. 1%, wet. Form boguensis, Feld. 32,19 (yellow); all dry. BELENOIS MESENTINA, Cram. 22,12, wet; 12, intermediate. ERONIA CLEODORA, Hiibn. 1 g, wet. LYCANINA. TARUCUS THEOPHRASTUS, Fabr. 1g, 12. The male corresponds very closely with specimens in Coll. Hope from Syria. The female, which is of the blue form, comes very near to 7. sybaris, Hopff. AZANUS JESOUS, Guér. 1h LYCENESTHES AMARAH, Gueér. ia In a letter to Prof. Poulton, which he kindly permits me to quote, Mr. Loat describes the present collecting- ground as follows :—‘“ The country was flat, ground hard and dry, very little undergrowth, a few large trees, open bare patches of ground, a good deal of thorny scrub in Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 149 clumps, and every here and there tufts of dried grass. The thorny scrub was mostly composed of a low-growing shrub bearing a small whitish flower with a slight nonde- script scent; this seemed rather attractive to the whites and their allies.” The great preponderance of Pierimes in this two-days collection at Mangala will be noticed. The remaining captures were all made at Gondokoro or in its immediate vicinity. With respect to them Mr. Loat writes as follows:—“The series caught at Gondokoro [Jan. 12, 16] were collected on a strip of land cleared of elephant-grass and weeds, and turned into a kind of garden with sweet potatoes, etc., growing in it, and a few wild flowers about, close to the edge of the river. The Z. chrysippus, with hardly an exception, and also the Acraas were obtained on, or close to, the same strip of ground, some of the remainder [Jan. 13, March 8] were taken on ground like that described at Mangala. The weather on January 8, 9, 12, 13, was dry, sunny and warm. The rainy season generally begins [at Gondokoro] about the 15th of March, but this year (1902) it commenced about one month earlier; that is to say, we had occasional showers and squalls, with long intervals of fine weather. About the end of March the rains start with a certain amount of regularity, and last off and on till about October.” In the neighbourhood of Kaka, 6° further north, the rains are later. As was stated above, at Gharb-el-Aish, on April 13 (1901), they were only just beginning. IV. BAHR-EL-GEBEL (Nile); Gonpokoro; 4° 43’ N. Lat. Strip of ground by the river. 1902, January 12. Between 3 and 4 p.m. DANAIN. LIMNAS CHRYSIPPUS, Linn. LL, chrysippus, Linn., 4 2 (one with slight white powdering round gland-patch) ; a/cippoides, Moore, 1 2; aleippus, Cram., 2 ¢; Alugit, Butl., 2 3; dorippus, Klug, 1 &. ACRAIN A. ACRHA VINIDIA, Hewits. 319,19. “Very numerous; takes a long time to die when put in the killing-bottle.”—W. L. S. L. 150 Dr. F. A. Dixey on NYMPHALIN&. NEPTIS AGATHA, Cram. Ege PIERIN A. TERIAS BRIGITTA, Cram. 1 @, wet. The occurrence in January of this well- marked wet-season form is remarkable. PAPILIONINA. PAPILIO PYLADES, Cram. 19. “Rare.”—W. LS. L. LYCANIN A. POLYOMMATUS Ba&tIcusS, Linn. 12. V. GonpdoKoro and neighbourhood. Ground as at MANGALA. January 13, Between 3 and 3.30 p.m. DANAINA, LIMNAS CHRYSIPPUS, Linn. L. chrysippus, Linn., 2¢; klugu, Butl, 1 g and 1 &. ») Mostly on the strip of ground by the river. ACRAINA. ACREA VINIDIA, Hewits. 3%. On the strip of ground by the river. PIERIN A. TERIAS SENEGALENSIS, Boisd. 1 7, dry or intermediate. TERACOLUS EUPOMPE, Klug. 2 ¢,1 2; all somewhat “dry. +B) TERACOLUS GLYCERA, Butl. have BELENOIS GIDICA, Godt. Northern form. 1 §, dry. Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 151 BELENOIS MESENTINA, Cram. IL oliae LYCANIN &. TARUCUS THEOPHRASTUS, Fabr. 1 Re Jan. 16. A. Between 10 and 11 a.m. DANAIN/. LIMNAS CHRYSIPPUS, Linn. L. chrysippus, Linn., 8 2, of which two are small, and several have a faint white powdering on the hind- wing ; wleippus, Cram. 1 $; klugit, ButL, 3 2, one with faint white powdering on hind-wing. B. Between 11 and 12 a.m. DANAINZ. LIMNAS CHRYSIPPUS, Linn. L. chrysippus, Linn., 3 2,19; aleippus, Cram., 1 2; klagr, Butl., 1 Zand 1 , the latter with a slight powdering of white on the hind-wings; dorippus, Klug., 1 %. ACRAIN A. ACRA&A ENCEDON, Linn. 1 ¢. This specimen is intermediate between typical A. encedon and the form A. daira, Godm. & Salv. The apical area is dusky, but the subapical bar is scarcely paler than the general ground-colour. On the various forms of A. encedon, and their relation with the correspond- ing forms of L. chrysippus, see Poulton and Marshall in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, pp. 479-484, etc., Plates XLV, EV): NYMPHALIN A. PRECIS CLELIA, Cram. 1 f; rather small, intensely coloured; no trace of ocelli on upper surface ; under-side looks “ dry.” NEPTIS AGATHA, Cram. ae PIERIN A. TERIAS BRIGITTA, Cram. 1 2; wet or intermediate. 152 Dr. F. A. Dixey on TERIAS SENEGALENSIS, Boisd. 2 ¢, dry, one small; 1 2 dry or intermediate, also small. TERACOLUS EUPOMPE, Klug. 1 9, rather worn; dry or intermediate. BELENOIS GIDICA, Godt. Northern form. 1 ¢, dry or intermediate. BELENOIS SEVERINA, Cram. 1 g, dry or intermediate. All the captures on Jan. 16 were made in the “garden strip,” on a patch of ground 50 yards square. Jan. 18. PIERINE. TERACOLUS PROTOMEDIA, Klug. 1 gf and 1 Q, paired. March 8. Between 9.30 and 11.80 a.m. DANAINA. LIMNAS CHRYSIPPUS, Linn. L, klugit, Butl., 1 &. PIERIN A. TERACOLUS EUPOMPE, Klug. 5 ,1; intermediate and dry. Oo TERACOLUS EVARNE, Klug. 15 ¢,12; all dry, most of them markedly so. Om TERACOLUS GLYCERA, Butl. Dae LEUCERONIA BUQUETII, Boisd. 12) PINACOPTERYX VENATUS, But. 1 ¢. This interesting Pinacopleryx is represented in the National Collection by only two specimens, both females. The first of these is the type, described and figured by Dr. Butler in Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 153 169; Pl. VII, fig. 7. It was collected on the White Nile by Petherick. The second is Captain Dunn’s, and was captured in 1900 on the Bahr-el-Zeraf (Giraffe River, White Nile). The former is much the more heavily marked. Mr. Loat’s male corresponds rather with the second specimen, which has more sharply-pointed and narrower wings than the type, and probably belongs to the dry-season phase of the species. The male appears to be hitherto undescribed. Pinacopteryx venatus, Butl.—Male.—General aspect somewhat like that of P. Liliana, Grose Smith ; but smaller, and with fore-wings narrower and more sharply pointed. Exp. al. 40 mm. Upper surface :—Wings white, Fore-wings with inner third of costa and basal half of cell greyish ; a marginal black point at the extremity of the third median branch, and marginal black spots at the extremities of the first and second median, the two radial branches, and the third subcostal. These spots increase in size from behind forwards, and those belonging to the first radial and the subcostal branches become fused, together with a costal spot, into a dark apical patch, in which however the separate constituents are still visible. A thin dark costal streak unites the apical black patch with the basal grey. In the hind-wing, the marginal extremity of each vein or branch, except the internal, is marked by a small black spot ; the spots belonging to the second subcostal, radial, and second and third median, are somewhat linear, being elongated in the direction of the vein. Lower surface :—Fore-wings white, slightly greyish along costa and towards base; a small roundish black spot on lower disco-cellular venule. A fuscous mark, wedge-shaped with the base uppermost, passes downwards from the second subcostal near its termination to the space between the first and second radial veins, crossing the common trunk of the third and fourth subcostals ; and a large roundish dark spot is situated between the second and third median branches, about half-way between cell and margin. All the veins and their branches, except the submedian, are beset near the margin with a shght powdering of fuscous scales, which at the extremity of each vein or branch become collected into a more or less definite spot. Hind-wings creamy white towards base and costa, elsewhere white like the fore-wings ; costa edged with pale yellow. A dark oval spot, several times larger than the discoidal spot on the fore-wing, occupies the anterior half of the lower disco- cellular vein, the latter forming its long axis. There is a large fuscous spot on the costa at the termination of the costal vein, 154 Dr, F. A. Dixey on continued posteriorly by another similar spot in the interspace between the subcostals. From the posterior extremity of the latter spot a fuscous band passes across the wing as far as the interspace between the median and submedian veins, half-way across which it terminates. This band is of irregular width and runs generally parallel with the margin of the wing, about half-way between the cell and border. The veins are more richly powdered with fuscous seales than in the fore-wing, and the marginal spots. are more preminent, all but that on the submedian being linear, like most of those on the upper surface. The fuscous powdering is more strongly marked on the third median branch than elsewhere, and is continued inwards along two-thirds of the posterior area of the cell as a definite dark streak, There is a rudimentary light fuscous spot in the interspace between the costal vein and the cell, a little internal to the origin of the first subcostal. In the Hope Collection, Oxford. This form appears to be quite distinct from P. simana, Hoptt., and P. Liliana, Grose Smith. On the whole it most resembles the dry- season phase of the latter; but the absence of veining on the upper surface, and the much paler costal margin in P. venatus f , together with the well-developed apical dark patch and the dark marginal spots, seem to be distinctive. BELENOIS SEVERINA, Cram. cnya A few moths were included in Mr. Loat’s collection. They are as follows :— SYNTOMID. SYNTOMIS, sp. LYMANTRIID. DASYCHIRA ACRISIA, Plotz. PYRALIDA. SURATTHA, sp. The above were all taken by Captain Bell on board a White Nile steamer between 5° and 6° 30’ N. Lat., Feb.— March, 1902. ARCTIIDA. DEIOPEIA PULCHELLA, Linn. 29; near Kaka, April 21, 1901. GEOMETRIDA‘. CZNINA AURIVINA, Butl. Gondokoro, Jan. 14, 1902. Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 155 FURTHER NOTES ON SEASONAL DIMORPHISM, SUGGESTED BY THE ABOVE COLLECTION. It will have been noticed that Mr. Loat’s specimens fall roughly into three series; the first (A) consisting of the butterflies captured near Kaka from April 13 to April 21, 1901; the second (£) comprising those collected at Mangala and Gondokoro from Jan. 8 to Jan. 18, 1902; and the third (C) being the final batch from Gondokoro caught on March 8, 1902. From the accounts that have been given above of the meteorological conditions prevalent at these periods in the several localities, we should expect all three series to show a preponderance of dry-season forms, though some specimens in series 4 might exhibit the influence of the early rains. The facts are well in accordance with this expectation, but it will be seen that series &, though belonging in point of time to the height of the dry season, affords examples of the statement that “in many cases where the existence of seasonal modifica- tion has been reasonably presumed, or even actually demonstrated, the seasonal relation is far from being rigidly fixed.” * Thus, the two January specimens of Z'erias brigitta are both wet-season forms; and the same series (/) contains several wet-season examples of Belenois mesentina and one of B. severina. But the most curious instance of apparent seasonal irregularity occurs in the case of Teracolus daira. All the specimens of this form caught at Mangala on Jan. 8 and 9 are heavily marked on the upper surface, and would certainly be pronounced at once by most authorities to belong to the wet season. Those on the other hand taken near Kaka on April 21, when the rains had well started, are lightly marked, and bear all the appearance of dry-season examples. Facts of this kind help to emphasise the need that exists for still fuller and more accurate data than we at present possess, if the problems of seasonal dimorphism are to be satisfactorily unravelled. Persistence of dry-season coloration. in the females of seasonally dimorphic species—Myr. G. A. K. Marshall has lately drawn attention to the fact that in the genus Acrwa “where the summer males exhibit any particular brilliancy, as petra, atolmis, or nohara, it is always compensated for by an exceptional dulness on the part of their respective * Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, p. 193. 156 Dr. F. A. Dixey on females.” * This dulness of coloration in the wet-season females mentioned is with some hesitation imterpreted by Mr. Marshall as being protective in its object. The present is perhaps a fitting opportunity for pointing out that the case of these three Acrwas seems to bear some relation to a far- reaching principle which has met with less notice than it deserves, and as to the significance of which no suggestion has hitherto been made. The principle I refer to is this :—that the dry-season garb of a seasonally dimorphic butterfly, at least as regards its under-surface, 1s often far better marked and more persistent in the female than in the male. This is obviously of interest in view of Professor Poulton’s interpretation of the cryptic character of dry- season and desert forms. It would accord with all that we know as to the special importance attaching to the life of the female, and the means that are taken for preserving it, that the more efficient mode of protection, such as on Professor Poulton’s hypothesis the dry-season colouring must be, should be more completely and persist- ently adopted by the sex whose safety from enemies is of such vital moment to the species. The interest of the point perhaps justifies a slight digression, and I propose to give here a few instances which will serve to support the above ceneralization. NXanthidia nicippe, Cram. North and Central America. The wet-season female retains on the under-surface a tinge of the dry-season purple Ivias pyrene, Linn, India, etc. Here also the wet- season female usually retaims the dry-season mottling. Tvias marianne, Cram. India. The wet-season female is nearly always brown beneath, as are both sexes in the dry season. The under-side of the wet-season male is yellow. Catopsilia pomona, Fabr. Oriental and Australian Region. In the wet-season form (C. crocale, Cram.)} the female often retains in some degree the dry-season * Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond., 1902, pp. 433, 434. It is hardly neces- sary to remark that the peculiar need for protection experienced by the female sex was first pointed out by Mr. Wallace. Some of the provisions towards this end were recoguized by him as cryptic (as in many birds) ; others were supposed to be heendapGesinane It is now known that synaposematism may also play an important part in the special protection enjoyed by female insects. See Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, pp. 466, 467, ibique cit. + Ibid., pp. 431-433, ete. ser lbad; spat OO: Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 157 ocellation and other characters, though there is an extreme erocale-form in which they are lost. The “dry-season ” form C. catilla, Cram., which is probably strongly cryptic, belongs solely to the female sex. Pyrisitia proterpia, Fabr. Central and South America. This is a wet-season form of which there is every reason to suppose that P. gundlachia, Poey, is the dry-season modification. The seasonal changes of this species aftord an interesting parallel with those in the genus Precis which have lately been so completely dealt with by Mr. Marshall and Professor Poulton.* The cryptic under-side of the dry phase is rendered still more leaf-like by the uncination of the fore-wing and the prolongation of the hind-wing into a tail-like process, as in Precis archesia and P. antilope. This applies to both sexes, but is better marked in the female, as can be seen in the specimens figured (PI. VII, figs. 1-4). In the wet season both sexes have lost their leaf-like contour, but the female remains of a duller hue than the male. A somewhat similar case is that of Zeracolus auxo, Luc., both sexes of which in the dry-season form (7 topha, Waller., or 7. keiskamma, Trim.) often show a slight uncination in the fore-wing, though in this species “ tails” are not developed. The cryptic colouring of the dry-season under-side is to some extent retained by the wet-season female (Pl. VII, figs. 5-8). This latter is a common feature in the African and Indian genus Teracolus. T. phlegyas, Butl., T. ione, Godt., T. regina, Trim., 7. danae, Fabr., 7. eucharis, Fabr., 7. ercs, Klug, are all cases in point, for in each of them the wet- season female shows beneath at least a trace of the characteristic dry-season tinge. Even where this does not occur, the under-side of the female in the wet season is usually more cryptic than that of the male, as may be seen, ¢.g., in 7. omphale, Godt., and 7. achine, Cram. In Teracolus phisadia, Godt., and 7. puellaris, Butl. (Pl. VII, figs. 9-12, 13-16) the principle receives perhaps its highest development. The female of the latter species retains its cryptic sand-coloured under-side at all seasons, the under-side of the male in the wet season being bright yellow. In the former species the female is always, on the under-side, a cryptic, sand-coloured, ‘“ dry-season” form ; the male in the dry season may be similarly cryptic, or * See Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, pp. 424 et sequ., P]. XII, XIII. TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1903.—PART II. (JUNE) 11 158 Dr. F. A. Dixey on may possess, as it always does in the wet season, a bright yellow under-surface, hke that of 7. puellaris. Simultaneous occurrence of diverse seasonal forms.— Attention has frequently been called to the fact that at Aden, and probably in other arid districts, “dry,” “ wet” and “intermediate” forms may all be found on the wing together. Colonel Yerbury remarks with reference to Aden that “seasonal dimorphism does not seem to occur to any extent in the neighbourhood; though it may possibly do so in the case of Teracolus calais and dynamene.” * We may take this to mean, not necessarily that the different phases usually associated with different times of ear are never found at Aden (for the occurrence of some of them at that spot is well attested), but that they do not there undergo, as in many places, a regular alternation in correspondence with the change of season. On the excep- tional case of 7. calais Colonel Yerbury remarks further as follows :—“The year 1883 was very wet, heavy rain having fallen in May, consequently in July a large number of Butterflies appeared—among others, a very brightly- coloured form of 7’ calais (all, I believe, females however): this may point to 7. calais ‘being the rainy-season form and 7’, dynamene the dry. I never ey with this unusually brightly-coloured form in after years.” It may be noted in this record that at least a month must have elapsed between the heavy rain and its supheree effect on the numbers and aspect of the butterfly fauna ; this seems to point (like the facts recounted by Poulton for the genus Precis +) to the larval being the susceptible stage. ‘On the other hand, the effect of rain may in some instances be less remote, as appears from another state- ment by Colonel Yerbury,t as follows :—‘“ Few passen- gers (for the matter of that, no great number of the residents) have any idea of the effect on ‘the barren rocks of Aden’ of a few heavy showers; how almost immediately, as if by magic, vegetation springs up in every ravine and watercourse, accompanied by a tolerably abundant insect fauna.” In the discussion that followed the reading of the author’s paper on “ Seasonal Dimorphism ” (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., March 19, 1902), Colonel Yerbury further ob- served that “a temporary rainfall in a dry season in dry * Proc. Zool. Soc., 1896, p. 257. + Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond., 1902, p. 457, etc. t Journal Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. vii, 1892, p. 208. Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 159 places had a marvellous effect in producing intermediate and wet-season forms.” That the meteorological conditions prevailing at or about the time of emergence may in some cases influence the aspect of a brood appears also from many experiments of Mr, Merrifield, especially those with Selenia tetralunaria, Hufn., by which it was conclusively proved that for certain effects of seasonal coloration “ the later days of the pupal period were especially important.”* It is worthy of notice that the rule which obtains in Precis, as to the superiority in size of the dry-season form, is not of universal application. Mr. Marshall rightly points out + that Mr. Barker’s statement as to the generally smaller size of dry-season forms is too sweeping; but there can be no doubt that im many instances the statement in question holds good. This is perhaps especially the case among the Picrinze, concerning the Indian species of which group Captain Watson says:—“In all genera the dry-season forms are as a rule smaller than the rainy-season forms.” ¢ In other instances there appears to be no constant ditterence. The superiority in bulk of the dry-season form in certain species of Precis, resting as it does upon the result of a careful series of weighings of the two forms by Pyo- fessor Poulton, is quite beyond doubt; but it may be well to remember that in other instances a difference 1n size may sometimes be more apparent than real. This may possibly be the case with the broods mentioned by Mr. Merrifield in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1892, pp. 40, 41, on which, together with a similar experience of Weismann’s, he bases a guarded opinion that both size and shape may be individually altered during the pupal state. This, is a point that no doubt calls for further investigation, but in the meantime it will probably be allowed that, whatever may be the case with Precis, there is reason to believe that the seasonal aspect is not in all instances deter- mined before the assumption of the pupal condition. It is, as has just been remarked, by no means certain that the differences in size noticed by Mr. Merrifield were as real as those in Precis, but, whether they were so or not, they could not under the circumstances have originated in the larval state.§ * Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1891, pp. 155-167. Tt Lbid., 1896, p. 551 ; 1895, p. 413. { Journal Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii, 1894, p. 492. § In considering the case of Precis it should not be forgotten that 160 Dr. F. A. Dixey on The foregoing may perhaps help us towards an explan- ation of the well-attested facts relating to the simultaneous occurrence of seasonal forms in generally dry localities like Aden. A feature in Colonel Yerbury’s graphic description of a temporary rainfall and its effects is the rapid springing-up of vegetation and the accompanying increase of insect life, As Professor Poulton has shown, these are the exact conditions which allow of the assump- tion of aposematic colouring and habits in exchange for those of a cryptic character. Now if we assume, as it seems from Colonel Yerbury’s observations we may, that many of the Aden species are in a condition to respond almost immediately to a sudden access of moisture, the occurrence of the more conspicuous “wet-season’’ con- temporaneously with the cryptic “dry-season” forms receives some explanation. Where there is a regular alternation of long periods of drought and humidity, the seasonal phases of “the insect fauna fall into a correspond- ing regularity of succession; but where, as at Aden, a general state of aridity is liable to be occasionally dis- turbed by heavy rainfalls of a temporary character, the intermittent meteorological conditions are apt, we may suppose, to be reflected in a similar intermixture of apose- matic and cryptic forms of insect life. It would not be difficult for residents in such localities to test the suggestion here offered.* Note on Teracolus daira and 'T. evagore, Klug.—Dr. Butler, in his “ Revision of the Genus Zeracolus” (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1897), distinguishes Zeracolus yerburit, the usual rule as to the superiority in weight of the seswmus form did not obtain in the instance of Mr. Marshall’s P. sesamus and P. natalensis bred from two eggs laid by the same mother, The weights as determined by Professor Poulton (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902 p. 451) show that in this case the natalensis form was the heavier of the two. Whatever then may have been the influence which caused the diversity between the two offspring, it did not find expression in any increased bulk of the sesamus larva. It should also be borne in mind that the larval conditions of the first dry- or wet-season brood will probably differ from those of the second and subsequent broods (should there be more than one) of the same season, * See Mr. G. A. K. Marshall’s account of the simultaneous flight of different seasonal phases during an abnormal season in Mashona- Jand (Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist., 1901, vol. ii, p. 402), and compare the discussion of the succession of seasonal phases in Precis by Pro- fessor Poulton and Mr. Marshall in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, pp. 443-449, Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 161 Swinh., from 7. daira, Klug. Specimens of 7. yerburii, however, collected at Lahej, Arabia, by Captain Nurse and determined by Colonel Swinhoe, who presented them to the Hope Collection, correspond closely with 7. daira as figured by Klug. .The locality given by Klug for 7. daira being “ Arabia felix,” it seems improbable that 7. yerburi can be more than a synonym for 7. daira, though Mr. G. A. K. Marshall and Professor Aurivillius agree with Dr. Butler in keeping them distinct. 7”. evagore, * Klug, which is no doubt identical with 7. sazews, Swinh., is regarded by Butler as the dry-season form of 7. yerburii. Whether 7. glycera, Butl., be considered as a species, or as a mere local race of 7. antigone, there is no doubt that it is barely, or perhaps not at all, separable from 7. evagore. Hence, int JA evagore ae the dry- -season form of the Arabian T. yerburia (i.e. Z. daira), T. glycera should be the dry-season phase of the s form of 7 daira occur’ ing in the same locality with itself, viz. on the White Nile. When, however, Captain Dunn’s collection arrived from the Bahr-el-Zeraf branch of that river, it was found to contain 7. glycera in different seasonal phases, all of which were quite distinct from the specimens of 7’. daira captured in the same district. In dealing with Captain Dunn’s collection Dr. Butler * makes no attempt to unite these two forms, and the examination of Mr, Loat’s specimens convinces me that he is right in keeping them distinct. But this seems to carry with it a similar conclusion with regard to the Arabian TZ’. evagore, which, if the foregoing be correct, cannot be con- sidered as the dry-season form of “ 7 yerburii” or 7. daira. The only piece of evidence that seems to make against this view is the supposed breeding of 7. yerburti and 7’. evagore by Captain Nurse from similar larvae, Since writing the note in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, p. 195, I have been strongly disposed to think that the inference drawn from Captain Nurse’s account needed confirmation, and I was accordingly quite prepared to agree with Colonel Yerbury when I found him urging in Miss Sharpe’s very useful “Monograph of the Genus Zeracolus” (p. 137) that ‘too much stress should not be laid on the fact that Captain Nurse bred a specimen of 7’ evagore from a caterpillar taken with the larvee of 7. yerburit. ... 7. evagore and T. yerburw may be seasonal forms [of each other], but * Proc. Zool. Soc., 1901, pp. 25, 26. 162 Dr. F. A. Dixey on at present the fact is not proved.” Mr, Loat’s collection appears to me to bring positive evidence against the view ot their identity, and from the above considerations I think there can be little doubt that Mr. G. A. K. Marshall is right in entirely dissociating 7’. evagore in all its forms (including 7. nowna, Lue.) from 7. yerburii (i.e. 7. daira). I am indebted to Professor Poulton, F.R.S., for the opportunity of working out Mr. Loat’s interesting col- lection, and also for the Plate which accompanies this paper. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. Fic. 1. Pyrisitia proterpia, Fabr., wet-season form, male. oy tee - . ee i female. » 93. P. proterpia, dry-season form (P. gundlachia, Poey), male, sy oF female. The wet-season 9 (Fig. 2) is less brightly coloured than the corresponding ¢ (Fig. 1). In the dry season both sexes adopt cryptic colouring on the under-side, accompanied by leaf-like shaping of the fore- and hind-wing, more pronounced in the 2 (Fig. 4) than in the ¢ (Fig. 3). Fic. 5, Teracolus auxo, Lucas, wet-season form, male. 59 Ah 5 oe “A 3 female. » v7. T.auxo, dry-season form (2. topha, Wallgrn, = 7. keiskamma, Trimen), male, 2 « yy eh os "5 female. The wet-season 9 (Fig. 6) retains some of the colouring of the dry-season form. Both sexes in the dry season (Figs. 7 and 8) show slight uncination of the fore-wing. The specimens represented in Figs, 6 and 8 were bred by Mr. Mansel Weale, and belong to the series referred to in Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1902, p. 201. Fria. 8). 10. 1k, 12, ales 14, 15. 16. Lepidoptera from the White Nile. 165 Teracolus phisadia, Godt., wet-season form, male. im 35 3 5 female. T’. phisadia, dry-season form, male. Po * female. The under-side of the hind-wing in the g (Figs. 9 and 11) is generally bright yellow, especially in the wet season. The under-side of the hind-wing in the ? (Figs. 10 and 12) is sand-coloured at all seasons. Teracolus puellaris, Butl., wet-season form, male. Fy 9 . Ar female. T. puellaris, dry-season form (7. ochreipennis, Butl., = 7. vorus, Swinh.), male, <5 ” female, The under-side of the ¢ is bright yellow in the avet season (Fig. 13), sand-coloured in the dry (Fig. 15). The under-side of the @ is sand-coloured at all seasons. See pp. 157, 158 above. In all the figures, the under-side alone is represented. It should be borne in mind that in the absence of colour it is impossible to represent the tone-values with complete aceuracy. The difference, ¢.g., between the clear yellow of Figs. 9, 18, and the sandy tint of Figs. 10, 14, is far more conspicuous in nature than in the Plate. X. An Entomological Excursion to Bejar, Central Spain By GEORGE CHARLES CHAMPION, F.ZS. [Read March 18th, 1903. ] In our Transactions for last year (pp. 115-129) I gave a short account of a journey made by Dr. T. A. Chapmar and myself in 1901 to Cuenca and other places in Central Spain, with a list of the principal Coleoptera and Hemi- ptera met with. In 1902 we made another excursion to Central Spain, our objective point on this occasion being the Sierra de Bejar, at the extreme southern extremity of the large province of Leon, about forty miles south of Salamanca, The locality was not a new one, entomologic- ally, Dr. G, Seidlitz having spent a few days in the district in 1865, at the same time of year, and published some notes on the species of beetles he met with (cf. Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1867, pp. 167-178).* » Leaving London on the morning of June 21st, we reached San Sebastian the following afternoon, and after spending a few days at this attractive seaside resort on the north coast, proceeded on our way to Bejar, arriving at 8 am. on June 26th, passing over the dreary plains ‘of Castile and Leon during the night and early hours of the morning, but little of the country being visible after daylight, owing to fog. Making our head-quarters at the Fonda del Nuevo Siglo, we remained at Bejar till July i7th. From this place we made numerous excursions, chiefly to the summit of the Sierra, about 8000 feet, the small omnibus running daily to Candelario in the early morning and evening helping us each way, and to Bajos, through the “ puerto,’ or gap in the range separating Leon from Estremadura, whence there is rough track back to Bejar over the mountains by La Garganta. The town of Bejar, which is situate at an elevation of about 3300 feet, is built on a narrow rocky ridge just under the mountains sloping down to it on the southern side, and on the north side the river Cuerpo del * Dr. Chapman has already published some notes on the bap doptera observed during our journey (Proce. Ent. Soc. London, 1902, pp. XXxv-xxxvil ; Ent. ‘Record, 1903, pp. 14-16 et seq.). TRANS. ENT. $0C, LOND. 1903.—PART II. (JUNE) 166 Mr. G. C. Champion on Hombre runs in a deep hollow, beyond which the arid adjacent slopes are mostly occupied by terraced vineyards. The hillsides were very gay on our arrival with one of the various species of “broom” characteristic of the district, viz. Genista florida, this being in full flower at the end of June. On the higher parts of the Sierra this plant was replaced by Cytisus purgans, the dense masses of its yellow flowers being visible from a long distance. On the slopes near the town, the vegetation chiefly consisted of chestnut and small deciduous oaks, of which latter there were woods atan elevation of quite 5500 feet, near La Garganta, as well as low down on the other side of the river near San Gil; and amongst the broom there was a great deal of arbores- cent heath, lavender, and other aromatic plants, etc. The whole of the Bejar region visited seemed to be of granite formation, and no pines or other Coniferse were seen. From the summit of the Sierra de Bejar, on which there were large patches of snow up to the beginning of July, a magnificent view was obtained of the ‘higher Sierra de Gred dos, with its numerous jagged, snowy peaks, this range extending far to the eastward towards the Guadar- rama, becoming gradually lower in that direction; the Sierra de Gata,* and some of the mountains of Portugal, none of these appearing to be much over 6000 feet; the plains of Leon and Castile, and a portion of those of Estremadura, ete. The abundance and variety of “ brooms” and the vast number of insects to be found on them when in flower, especially on Genista florida, was to us the most interesting feature of the district, nothing of the kind having been noticed by us at Cuenca, ete., the previous year. On the higher parts of the Sierra many beetles were to be found, such as Asida castellana, Dorcadion dejeant (the only species of the genus met with during the entire trip), Corymbites of several species, including C. hemapterus, a very elongate Athous, Otirrhynchus dentipes, two Nebrivw, Cymindis of several species, Amara ooptera, Trechus pandeller, a Bembidium of the B. glaciale- eroup, Pierostichus azare, four species of Zabrus, cluding Z. constrictus, Byrrhus depilis, Olocrates, Heliopates, Ten- tyria, Timarcha, etc., many of them in plenty. A little lower down Chienius dives ran about on the grassy slopes, * Dr. Seidlitz visited Alberca and the Pena de la Francia in this district in 1865. - We had intended also to go there, but deferred the — journey till too late. An Entomological Exewrsion to Bejar, Central Spain, 167 or among the stones, often with Dorcadion dejeani ; and Platycerus spinifer was taken on the wing amongst Cytisus purgans, this plant not ascending much over 7000 feet. On its flowers, or on those of Genista horrida, a Zonabris occurred in abundance, with Lytta vesicatoria, Cryptoce- phalus koyi, Gynandroph halma amabilis, and a striped Rhagonycha. On the grass-stems thereabouts Barypithes sulcifrons, Polydrusus affinis, a Dasytes, a large Henicopus —the ¢ with long black hair, and the @ with greyish- white hair—Meloe mayalis, etc., were met with. Aphodius bonvouloiri, too, was very common at about this elevation. The tracks made by the goats amongst the dense growth of Cytisus seemed to be the favourite haunts of Asida, Ten- tyria, Olocrates, various Coprophaga, Histeridee, etc., as many of the specimens captured had evidently been trodden upon and injured by these animals. On the lower sum- mits, especially in the walled-in enclosures where the goats are driven in to rest, lots of common Coprophaga were noticed—Aleuchus, Gymnopleurus, Sisyphus, Geotrupes, etc. as well as Scawrus, Pimelia, and other Tenebrionids, Histeridee, etc. In some of the open grassy places in or near these enclosures the males of a Chasmatopterus flew in the greatest profusion in the sunshine, close to the ground, looking like bees on the wing, and they could be caught in any quantity with a butterfly-net, paired speci- mens frequenting flowers later in the day. In an oak wood above La Garganta, in which there were many “brooms,” Cardiophorus signatus and other members of the genus, Lebia trimaculata, Strophosomus erinaceus, various Cryptocephali, Clythra, Agrilus biguttatus, Melano- tus, Athous, Brachyderes, Polydrusus, Phyllobius, and other species were taken, some of them in plenty. On the hillsides near the town of Bejar the Genista florida, while in flower, produced a great variety of beetles, as Luperus nigrofasciatus (in the greatest profusion), Cneorrhinus, sp. (an abundance, but all females), Sciaphilus carinula, Apion argentatum and others of the genus, Sitones, Polydrusus, Melanotus, Cardiophorus, Coryimbites, Rhagonycha, Dasytes, Haplocnemus, Danacea, Malachius, Malthinus, Ebeus, Amauronia, Helops, Agrilus, Corebus, Cryptocephalus, Zonabris, Lebia, etc. ; Hlater preustus, var. aurilegulus (an plenty), a large Lachnea, various Cryptocephali, Athous, etc, occurred on oak; a brassy Ha/tica on heath, ete. In the open places on these slopes Corymbites gougelete 168 Mr. G. C. Champion on was frequently taken on the wing, or found on grass- stems; and Cerocoma schrebert was locally common on flowers. In an oak wood on the dry slopes near San Gil, in which there were many small flowering plants, a number of interesting insects were captured, especially towards evening, as Corebus fasciatus (rarely, on oak, and also found in an ants’ nest under a stone), Anthaxia hungarica and others of the genus, Serica mutata, Lagria rubida Gn abundance, but apparently all males), a fine Pachytychius (P. sparsutus) on Cytisus welwitschi, P. scabricollis, Smi- cronyx, Orchestes, Cryptocephalus globicollis, etc., Pachy- brachys, various Clythrids, ete. On the slopes between this wood and the river a species of the remarkable Neuropterous genus Nemoptera flew freely towards even- ing. The river itself, or a small affluent of it, produced many Hydradephaga, as Bidessus minutissimus, Deronectes cartnatus, D. bicostatus, Hydroporus flavipes, H. bilineatus, HH. lepidus, Agabus heydeni, A. brunneus, A, didymus, A. paludosus, ete, also Gyrinus urinator, Orectochilus, and various Hydrophilide. On the walls of the town, as already recorded,* we noticed various galls on the stems of a species of Cotyledon, a plant growing very commonly in such situations, and these were found to contain speci- mens of Nanophyes durieut in all its stages, a species not mentioned by Dr. Seidlitz in his list of Bejar insects, and originally described from Algeria. Leaving Bejar on July 17th, we went on by the dili- gence to Piedrahita, about five hours’ journey, in the heat of the day, where we remained till the 28rd, our road beyond the “puerto” being fairly level and extending through a somewhat arid country, where the ground was everywhere cultivated, even between the very old scattered olive-like, evergreen oaks ( Quercus gramuntia) to be seen In many places, the river Tormes being crossed by an ancient bridge at about half-way. At Piedrahita the best collecting-ground was the slope and summit of the adjacent Sierra, about 5500 feet elevation, which runs parallel with the Gredos, and is separated from it by large elevated tracts and valleys, affording extensive pasturage for cattle in the summer months. Cyfisus purgans grew im abundance in these places (the old stems apparently being in much demand for fuel), extending down the slopes for about five hundred feet. Below this again was * Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, pp. 87-91. An Entomological Excursion to Bejar, Central Spain. 169 a belt of oak wood. On the summit of the Sierra a few Dorcadion dejeant were seen, but all too worn to take; also Chlenius dives, Amara oopte ra, various Cymindis and Harpalus, Asida castellana, Steropus guiliani, a stoall Olocrates, Zabrus, etc. Here, on Cytisus purgans,a curious Cneorrhinus was met with: the ¢ of elongate shape and with greyish scales, the 2 much larger, pyritorm, and with green scales, the female in abundance, and the two sexes often in company ; and with these occurred a few females of the species found at Bejar on Genista florida. On the stems of the Cytisus the local Cryptocephalus erosus was often to be seen, but rarely captured, also various Cly- thrids. In grassy places amongst this plant, on the Sierra, Acmexodera teniata was to be found in profusion on flowers ; and wherever there was any dung Aphodius bonvouloiri could be taken in any quantity, occasionally in company with the brilliantly-coloured Geotrupes coruscans. A patch of uncultivated rocky ground near the town of Piedrahita, on which there were many ancient evergreen oaks, and Genista cinerea and the usual brooms, Eryngium, ete., produced a good many interesting insects not seen elsewhere. On July 19th an excursion was made to El Barco, on the Tormes, in the valley between the “Bejar” and the “ Gredos,” whence a rough road extends to the plains of Estremadura. The long time occupied on the journey, which was made in a not uncomfortable country cart (tartana), gave us, however, but a few hours at the place, our investigations being limited to the ground in the immediate vicinity of the river. Here there was an abundance of alder, sallow, and familiar marsh-plants, but ‘very little to be got by beating. Anomala rugatipennis flew about pretty freely in the sunshine; and on the flowers or stems of the gigantic Umbelliferze were Cardio- phorus rufipes, Leptura fontenayi ; (f and §), Clytanthus trifasciatus, Trichodes octopunciatus, an Agapanthia, and Cerocoma schrebert, and an abundance of conspicuous common Hymenoptera and Hemiptera. By the banks of the Tormes Perileptus, Pxderus, Bledius, etc., were found, as well as Pseudophleus, Emblethis, and other Hemiptera. On July 23rd we left Piedrahita for Avila, by the dili- gence, a wearisome journey of six hours, remaining in the last-mentioned place for three days. From this most interesting old city the high ground was quite inaccessible, . 170 Mr. G. C. Champion oz though visible, so we had to content ourselves by collecting in the immediate vicinity. The season was now too far advanced for many of the beetles, though Zonabris, Cero- coma, Clytanthus trifasciatus, and various Clythrids were to be seen on flowers, and a Zhylacites abounded under stones, exposed to the full heat of the sun. In the sandy bed of the nearly-dried-up River Adaja there was, how- ever, an abundance of interesting insects, including many species of Bembidium and Philonthus, Aleochara rufipennis, an undescribed Lathrolium, Tachyusa coarctata, Pederus rujicollis, Heterocerus, Parnus, Aphodius, ete. ‘On our homeward journey we spent a day or two at both Burgos and St. Jean de Luz, but the insects noticed at these places do not call for special comment. At San Sebastian, however, on June 23rd, we met with Orina rugu- losa, STP S in some numbers, on a species of Centaurea, a species that does not appear to have been recorded from Spain. The Coleopterous fauna of the Bejar and Piedrahita districts seems, on the whole, to be very similar to that of the Guadarrama, yet many genera are represented by one or more different species, as Dorcadion, Nebria, Creorrhinus, etc. The total absence of Coniferous trees, so abundant at La Granja, must, however, make a great difference, and it is probable therefore that the Guadar- rama is much the richer of the two. Unfortunately, we were unable to work the higher main Gredos range, though rough accommodation could no doubt be obtained at one or other of the small villages lower down in the valleys on its northern or southern slope. The genus Dima, amongst the Elateridz, well known from the Guadarrama, was not found by us. The Sierra de Bejar, it may be noted, could be much better worked from Candelario, than from the more distant town of Bejar. As regards the Hemiptera-Heteroptera, several of the species have not previously been recorded from Spain, two of the Capsidz being new. The following is a list of the species of Coleoptera and Hemiptera-Heteroptera taken, so far as at present identi- fied. To avoid repetition the principal localities are in most cases abbreviated thus :—S. Bej. = Sierra de Bejar; Bej. = Bejar; Piedr. = Piedrahita; Av. = Avila. An Entomological Excursion to Bejar, Central Spain. 171 COLEOPTERA.* Cicindela hybrida, L., rarely, Av. Carabus melancholicus, F., and (. latus, Dej., rarely, nodes stones, S. Bej. Nebria paz, Seidl, one example, and JN. sp. n.?, a few speci- mens, at the source of a small stream, near the melting snow, S. Bej.: the types of the former were obtained in the same locality. Bembidium carpetanum, Sharp (the Guadarrama form of /. glaciale, Heer, of the Swiss Alps, has been recently named &. carpetanum, and the Sierra Nevada form B. montanum, Ramb., by Dr. Sharp), in plenty, on the summit of the Sierra de Bejar, near the melting snow. JB. elongatum, De}j., B. paulinoi, Heyd., B. quadripustulatum, Serv., B. quadriguttatum, F., B. octomaculatum, Goeze, B. hispanicum, Dej., in profusion, and others of the genus, Av., in the sandy bed of the River Adaja; B. punctulatum, Drap., Av. and on the banks of the Tormes at El Barco; B. maculatum, Dej., El Barco; B. ibericwm, Pioch., Piedr.; B. laterale, Dej., in plenty, on the banks of streams, Bej., Piedr., Av. TZachys parvulus, Dej. and T. sexstriatus, Duft., Bej. Trechus pandellei, Putz. S. Bej. Perileptus areolatus, Creutz., banks of the Tormes, El Barco. Platynus marginatus, L., Av.; P. viridicupreus, Goeze, Be}. Abacetus salzmanni, Germ., Bej. Steropus ghiliani, Putz., under stones, S. Bej., Piedr.; S. sp.?, Piedr. Pacilus crenulatus, Dej., Be}. Pterostichus nigrita, F., Bej.; P. azarz, Perez, S. Bej., four specimens. Amara ooptera, Putz. under stones, summit of the Sierra de Bejar, a few specimens. Zabrus constrictus, Graells, abundant, and Z. neglectus, Schaum, 4Z. silphoides, De}., and Z. estrellanus, Heyd., sparingly, S. Bej. Chlenius dives, Dej., sparingly, and varying greatly in colour, running in grassy places, near the summit of the Sierras de Bejar and Piedrahita ; C. velu- tinus, Duft., banks of the Cuerpo del Hombre, Bej. Lelia eyanocephala, L., and L. trimaculata, Vill., sparingly, by beating broom, oak, ete., Bej. Lienychus albonotatus, Dej., banks of the Tormes, El Barco. Cymindis melano- cephala, De}. (ruficollis, Graells), in plenty, and others of the genus more sparingly, S. Bej.; C. variolosa, F., 8. Bej., Piedr. * T am indebted to MM. Bedel, Fauvel, Reitter, and Schilsky, and Dr. J. Daniel, for assistance in the determination of several of the species enumerated. 172 Mr. G. C. Champion on Haliplus spp., Bidessus ininutissimus, Germ., Deronectes bicostatus, Schaum,* rarely, Hydroporus lepidus, Oliv., Hf, flavipes, Oliv., H. varius, Aubé, and A. tessellatus, Drap., commonly, and various other species of the genus, Liopterus ruficollis, Schall., Agabus brunneus, F., and A. didynvus, Oliv., in plenty, and A. paludosus, F., A. heydent, Wehncke, A. bipustulatus, L., and A. nitidus, F. , sparingly, Liylius fenestratus, F., ete, in a small affluent of the Cuerpo del Hombre, Bejar; Deronectes carinatus, Aubé, not rare, and Dytiscus marginalis, L., in the river itself, Bej. Gyrinus urinator, Ul. Orectochilus villosus, F., Be}. Paracymus wneus, Germ., Calostoma hispanicum, Wiist., and various species of Phith ydrus, [Helochares, Limnebius, Laccobius, Hydrochus, Helophorus, Hydrena, and Pornus, Be}. Aleochara rufipennis, Kr., not rare, in the sandy bed of the Adaja, Av.; A. brevipennis, Grav., A. fuscipes, F., Be}. Tachyusa co aretata, Er., Av. Notcthecta levicollis, Rey, in an ants’ nest, Bej. Philonthus suavis, Bris., in abundance, and -P. prea. eae and LP. pwnetus, Grav., rarely, 1 the bed of the Adaja, Av.; P. varius, Gyll., var. bimacu- latus, Grav., P. laminatus, ibe P. politus, L., Be}. Scopeus didymus, Er, Av. Sunius (Astenus) nh. sp., singly, under a stone, Bej. Lathrobium n, sp.? ear L. punctatum, Zett.), banks of the Cuerpo del Hombre, Bej. Pederus ruficollis, F., common on banks of streams, Av., -Bej. ; P. fuscipes, Curt., El Barco. Stenus longitarsis, Thoms., rarely, S. nanus, Steph., and S. lepriewri, Cussac, in plenty, banks of stream, Bej. Dledius fracticornis, Payk., Av.; L. hispidulus, Fairm., banks of the Tormes, El Barco. Anthobium hispanicum, Bris., A. torquatwn, Marsh., A. minutum, F., Philorhinum sordidum, Steph., Be}. Mastigus palpalis, Latr., a few specimens by beating herbage in damp places, Bej., also at Bafios. Si/pha sp., S. Bej. Olibrus bisignatus, Mén., in plenty on thistles, Be}. ; O. xnescens, Kiist., not rare, Av. Dapsa acuticollis, Reitt., one specimen, Bej,, with the Mastic gus. Meligethes fuscus, Oliv., Bej. Lrontes planatus, L., and Silvanus wiidentatus, Oliv., under bark of an old cherry-tree, Bafhos. Aira- philus sp., Be}. Atlagenus trifasciatus, F., common on * The D. bicostatus of my Cuenca list (Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. 1902, p. 122) was incorrectly identified ; it is unknown to Dr. Sharp, and is probably an undescribed species. An Entomological Excursion to Bean Central Spain. 173 flowers, Bej. Ctesias serra, Be}. Orphilus niger, Rossi, Be}. Byrrhus depilis, Graells, 8. Bej. Ltinnichus incanus, Kies., Bej., El Barco. Hister major, L., H. inequalis, Oliv., H. amplicollis, Er., here and there, S. Bej.; 7. sinuatus, Ill, common in dung, Bej., Piedr., Av. Lucanus cervus, L, Dorcus parallelopipedus, L., Be}. Platycerus spwnifer, Schauf., a few specimens taken on the wing amongst old plants of Cytisus purgans, high up on the Sierra de Bejar. Ateuchus sacer, L, A. laticollis, L., 8. Bej. Sisyphus scheffert, L., abundant, Bej. Gymnopleurus pilularius, L., El Barco; G. flagellatus, F., 8. Bej. Bubas bubalus, Oliv., S. Bej. Onitis hungaricus, Herbst, Av. Onthophagus schrebert, L., common in dung, and other species of the cenus, Bej. ; 0. verticicornis, Laich., Piedr.; O. furcatus, F., Av. Oniticellus flavipes, ¥., Piedr., Av. Aphodius bon- voulowrt, Harold, in abundance, Sierras de Bejar au Piedrahita ; A, ferrugineus, Muls., Bej;; A. seroja,, EF; Piedr. ; A niger, Panz, and others of the genus, Bej. ; A. varians, Duft., Av. Ammecvus sp., Be}. Pleurophorus cxsus, Panz., Bej. Geotrupes coruscans, Chevr., Sierra de Piedr. ; G. levigatus, F., G. hypocrita, Serv., etc., S. Bej. Lhizotrogus pygialis, Muls., Piedr., Av., flying im the sunshine; &. pineticola, Graells, El Barco. Serica mutata, Gyll., commonly, by beating herbage in open places in an oak wood towards evening, ‘Bej. Triodonta aquila, Lap. (2), Be}. Hymenoplia, sp., 1 plenty, on stems of grass, etc., 5. Be}j., Piedr. Chasmatopterus villosulus, Ill., males found in profusion flying over grass, near the ground, looking very much like Hymenoptera on the wing, paired specimens found on flowers, later in the day, the black females comparatively scarce, Bej. and 8. Bej.; C. hispidulus, Graells, C. hirtulus, Ill, sparingly, Bej. Anomala rugati- pennis, Graells, not rare, on Hchiwm or flying in the sunshine, banks of the Tormes, El Barco; A. sp., on the wing towards evening, Av. Anisoplia betica, Er., Bej. Hoplia spp. Bej. Cetonia oblonga, Gory, C. morio, F., Bej., Piedr. Hpicometis hirta, Poda, El Barco. Leucocelis stictica, L., Be}. Anthawia hungarica, Scop., rarely, by sweeping low plants, Bej.; A. hg ypomelena, Ill., not uncommon on L7ryn- gum, Piedr.; A. funerula, Ill., A. millefolu, F., Piedr., Be}. Acmeodera txniata, F., in abundance on Aieraciwm flowers, amongst the dense growth of Cytisus purgans, TRANS, ENT. SOC, LOND. 1903.—PART II. (JUNE) 12 174 Mr. G. C. Champion on Sierra de Piedr.; A. discoidea, F., A. adspersula, Tll., ete., Bej. Chrysobothrys affinis, F., one specimen, on an old stem of Cytisus, 8. Bej. Corabus fasciatus, Vill., rarely, by beating herbage, also found dead in an ants’ nest under a stone, San Gil, near Bejar; C. xneicollis, Vill, Bej.; C. giblicollis, Ill, Piedr., Bej. Agrilus biguttatus, F., on oak, Bej.; A. cinctus, Oliv., not rare on Cenista jlorida, Bej., Piedr., El Barco; A. roscidus, Kies., A. solieri, Cast., A. hyperict, Cr., A. angustulus, Ill., Be}. Aphanis- ticus elongatus, Villa, and A. emarginatus, F., Bej., by sweeping. TZ'rachys refleca, Gené, one specimen, by sweep- ing on the banks of a small stream, Bej., perhaps new to the Spanish list. Drasterius bimaculatus, Rossi, Be}. Hlater preustus, ¥., var. aurilegulus, Schauf., in numbers, by beating oak, on the hillside near the town of Bejar; LZ. nigerrimus, Lac., one specimen, with the preceding, Bej. Jelanotus tene- brosus, Er., and M. castanipes, Payk., common, Be}. Cardiophorus signatus, Oliv., im abundance by beating broom, etc., in oak woods; C. eqgwiseti, Herbst, C. graellsi, Cand., etc., with C, signatus, but more sparingly, Bej.; C. rufipes, Goeze, El Barco. Athous godarti, Muls., and other species of the genus, not yet determined, Bej. Corymbites hemapterus, Ill., under stones, on the summit of the Sierra de Bejar, not rare; C. gowgeleti, Fairm., in numbers on the hillside close to the town of Bejar, on stems of low plants, on the wing, etc.; C. kiesenwetteri, Bris. (2), C. latus, F., C. amplicollis, Germ., C. nivicola, Kies., ete., rarely, S. Bej. Stlesis rutilipennis, Ill, Be}. Hydrocyphon sp.?, in plenty on sallows, Bej. Lampyris sp., Be}. Telephorus, Rhagonycha, Malthinus, Malachius, Attalus, Charopus, Hypebeus, Dasytes, spp. undetermined, Faplocnemus albipilis Kies., ete., Bej. Henicopus, 2 spp., S. Bej., Piedr.: (1) (Z. heydeni, Kies.) very large, the ¢ deep black, with entirely black pubescence, the 2 with ereyish- white hairs, the ¢ in abundance, and the 2 rarely, on grass-stems, etc., on the mountain slopes; (2) (?H. rugosicollis, Duv.) $ and 2 with grey pubescence. Danacxa atripes, Graells, Bej. Amawronia elegans, Kies., Bej. Trichodes octopunctatus, F., not rare, on Umbelliferze, El Barco., 7. leucopsideus, Oliv., 7. ammios, F., Bej. Lasioderma lxve, Ill., on flowers, Bej., Piedr. Xylopertha sp., Be}. Tentyria spp., 8. Bej., in plenty, running about on the An Entomological Excursion to Bejar, Central Spain. 175 slopes, 8. Bej. Dichillus subcostatus, Sol., rarely, under stones, Bej. Akis acuminata, F., in abundance, under old straw, under the shelter of a large rock, Av. Scawrus striatus, F., in numbers, under dung, etc., 8. Bej. Asida castellana, Graells, in abundance at or near the summit of the Sierra de Bejar, and rarely on that of Piedrahita, running about in the sunshine, especially about dung in the tracks made by goats amongst the Cytisws bushes ; A. goudott, Sol., rarely, S. Bej., also taken at Burgos, and at Guadalaviar and Albarracin, in 1901; A. sericea, Oliv., S. Bej., also taken at Burgos, and at Tragacete and Albarracin, in 1901. Pimelia sp., a few specimens, on the paths, near dung, S. Bej. Crypticus kraatzt, Bris. (?), and Oochrotus unicolor, Lue., rarely, under stones, Be}. Olocrates saxicola, Muls. (saxeticola, Graells), a few specimens apparently belonging to this species, found under stones, summit of the Sierra de Piedrahita; O. foveolatus, Graells, i in abund- ance, summit of the Sierra de Bejar, running about in the sunshine, frequently in copula. Dendarus, Heliopates, Micrositus ulyssiponensis, Germ., Gonocephalum, spp. un- determined, Bej., Av., ete. Calometopus clypeatus, Germ., rarely, under bark of an old cherry-tree, and also under a stone, Banos, Bej.: recorded by Graells as having been found in a rotten chestnut-tree at Tornavacas. /elops laticollis, Kiist. (2), by beating Grenista, etc., not rare, Be}. Hymenalia rufipes, F., not rare, Bej. Omophlus ruficollis, F., in abundance everywhere on flowers, Bej., Piedr.; 0. incertus, Muls., O. picipes, Fabr., rarely, Bej. Lagria lie, F., common on stone walls, etc., Piedr.. Av.; Z. grenieri, Bris., Bej.; L. hirta, L., L. atripes, Muls., L. rubida, Graells (parvula, Perris), Bej., the last mentioned in abundance by sweeping low plants towards evening, but males only seen, Bej. Scraptia dubia, Oliv., by beating oak, Be}. Notoxus trifasciatus, Rossi, Bej., El Barco, Av.; NV. platy- cerus, Laf., banks of the Tormes, El Barco. <Anthicus rodriguesi, Latr., common, on the ground beneath low plants, Bej.; A. quadriguttatus, Rossi, Av.; A. tristis, Schmidt, Bej. Ochthenomus wunifasciatus, Bon., Bej. Mordella aculeata, L., Mordellistena spp. Anaspis spp., Bej. Silaria brunnipes, Muls., S. trifasciata, Chevr., common on flowers, Bej. Hmenadia larvata, Schrank, one specimen, on a flower, Piedr. Meloe majalis, L., common, occurring even high up on the Sierra, Bej. 176 Mr. G. C. Champion on Cerocoma schrebert, F., locally common, on flowers, Bej., Piedr., Av. Lytta vesicatoria, L., in plenty in various places, numerous males often seen near a single female, on Cytisus purgans and C. scoparius, Be}j., Piedr., most of the specimens with a space down the middle of the disc of each elytron coppery or golden. Zonabris, various species, some in great abundance on the Cytisus purgans and Genista florida: Z. quadripunctata, L., Bej., Piedr., Av.; Z. dejeani, Gyll., Bej.; Z. amori, Graells (2), Bej., El Barco; Z. geminata, F., Piedr., and others. Coryna enon Gyll., Bej. Zonitis preusta, Fr, EH] Barco. Cidemera simplex, L., Bej., Piedr. Otiorrhynchus dentipes, Graells, in plenty, running about in the sunshine, summits of the Sierras of Bejar and Piedrahita. Phyllobius sp. (near P. tuberculifer, Chevr.), not rare by beating herbage, Be}. Polydrusus setifrons, Duv., P. confluens, Steph. (2), on the Genista, and others of the genus, Bej., Piedr.; P. (Homapterus) afinis, Chevr., very rarely, by sweeping long grass, 8. Bej. Sczaphilus carinula, Oliv. (cristatus, Graells), mm plenty on Genista florida, Bej. Barypithes suleifrons, Boh. commonly, by sweeping long grass, in a damp place on the mountain slope, S. Be}. Strophosomus erinaceus, Chevr., in numbers, by beating oak, etc, Bej. Brachyderes incanus, L. i) in abundance, with the preceding, Bej. Sidones gressorius, ¥F., S. regentsteinensis, Herbst, S. erinitus, Herbst, 8S. flavescens, Marsh., and its var. cinnamomeus, All., and others of the genus, chiefly on Genista florida, Bej. Cneorrhinus: various species of the subgen. Afactogenus occurred at Bejar or Piedrahita, and although these were the most character- istic and interesting forms of Curculionidze obtained during the trip, I am quite unable to name them with any certainty from the published descriptions of Boheman, Graells, etc. One of these forms, found in abundance on or near the summit of the Sierra de Piedrahita, on Cytisus purgans, is very nearly allied to C. pyriformis, Boh., and C. dispar, Graells: the female is of large size and uniformly clothed with green scales; the male, which was comparatively rare, and, when seen, usually in company with the female, is narrow and elongate in form, and clothed with greyish scales, there being always a few green scales round the eyes, and sometimes several more scattered about on the elytra or legs. [A very similar An Entomological Excursion to Bejar, Central Spain. 177 species occurs at La Granja, specimens of which have been given me by M. Bedel: this insect, too, has a green female * and a grey male; the male, however, is less elongate than the Piedrahita examples of the same sex.] Another form, occurring in abundance in the immediate vicinity of Bejar, on Genista florida, varying greatly in size and colour, with dull greyish scales, the prothorax bi- or trivittate, and the elytra with the margins whitish and the disc often mottled with lighter or darker colour, may be referable to C. dispar, var. meleagris, Graells: all the specimens obtained at Bejar appear to be of the female sex (the smallest and narrowest examples have been dissected, to make certain), and a few females taken at Piedrahita, on Cytisus purgans, seem to belong to the same species, which I also have from Ferrol, N. Spain. <A third form, represented by a single female specimen from Bejar, similar in colour to (and perhaps an extreme form of) the preceding, bas the eyes more prominent, the prothorax more transverse, and the punctures of the striz closely placed and rather coarse. [C. graellsi, Bris., quoted in Reitter’s Catalogue as a synonym of C. dispar, var. meleagris, it may be noted, is recorded as having been taken in plenty at the Escorial, though females only were found; it is unknown to me. The species of the <Atactogenus-group of Cneorrhinus evidently require a thorough revision. It is a curious fact that in two different localities a species has been taken in abundance, without the males being obtaimed, and that when specimens of this sex have been noticed, as at Piedrahita, they were far outnumbered by the females.] C. spinipes, Perez, sparingly on Cytisus, Bej. Thylacites turbatus, Gyll., in abundance on the arid _ hillsides, under stones fully exposed to the great heat of the sun, Av.; 7. spp. (2), Piedr. Liwus iridis, Oliv., L. ascanit, L., L. spartii, Oliv., and LZ. cardui, Oliv., Bej., one or two of them on Cytisus or Genista. Larinus spp., Antsorrhynchus spp.,and Siieronyx sp., Be}. Pachytychius sparsutus, Oliv., not rare, on the woolly pods of Cytisus welwitschi, Piedr., Be}., Batios; P. scubricollis, Rosenh., in plenty by sweeping low plants in dry places, Bej. Ceuthorrhynchidius wrens,