YS Y “ 4 ta tt Mt ' Ki ny at At as) Cy f WL aad: REAM n Hal 5G) Pe Atay ay Alea 03s y see { Wye Nn Ky AN) ee : ot vay ain ! sii ; nih, fa RAR Lm Pe en a VS Oe Liny ih KAUN, y hy 0:5 Nan. 4 itera a eC dak Deas ha At ) hy! iene hiv 7 " ey riven eala vy Gan im) AN if NERA Mp AOUID ENN hla 9 Van's ae r SSCA Pet iis cos, ai Mi ie it vn) a ey tt VAN pin Sse " Panta ; Ae! aie , LL hath q Ly ni, Da aay CNT raw COMI IAULHOW EK LEEW y es , a AEH 910 hed) ; yy nies NCH RRL Whe vi KN met Pe tf Mu Avia cg Anil PAM } EN AOA aA NN A 3. ‘ Mie « Mis PAN SSIs got Sy A ey NMR (4 ahd uv MY URS PU SUN ee it SAE 1 wh AOA ALD y yet Pcie V4 Ratt 4A Ged a at DER ERIOR ION CN DENA an Ay HeiaiMtias ‘e Waa at sary RA vk Ne Hy aN of steitaa yh) ae wie Ie Ree DAY iis . yer tlre rhcherh none ain sy ie ilies wes of Me Ni bh Lily oF ay Wile “ieee 4 a Hay fngigns rts wnt Me ae eis ins ih Fn me thy x ests Saves 25 a < - SS eee a 3. = a5 Seas a ip ce Fh a sabe im ) ) i is vy a ie i ah Wee ie 4 as aN ash (iy vo ye i oa iN i Me : _. ahs Sbcruat sca era Eo aN Mi ‘ ia ath SS 35 = iti iW , i Viks t Ye yer Ae Lm ; ; fs ‘* 4 ti ue eo P Re mh iu Ser . | ; 2 rae ae , x ro) ; ; ‘ ; i ha 2 Pe te iV al " e wit a oy Ria tt Op ay A niet rf BP ati fi 4 ie bar bens mS | Ay Ne Mb i; / At ree" " 7 ; ve ; my, ie vh : oy é . | aa! A yea inf shi A ore es e ) Wien mph ue i " a ty UE tie via i A : N be 6 baa ae ie oe) Department of fhe Bunferior: U. S&S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1884. ADVERTISEMENT. The extension of the scope of the National Museum dumrng the past few years, and the activity of the collectors sent out in its interests, have caused a great increase in the amount of material in its possession. Many of the objects gathered are of a novel and important character, and serve to throw a new light upon the study of nature and of man. The importance to science of prompt publication of descriptions of this material led to the establishment, in 1878, of the present series of publications, entitled ‘‘ Proceedings of the United States National Mu- seum,” the distinguishing peculiarity of which is that the articles are published in signatures as soon as matter sufficient to fill sixteen pages has been obtained and printed. The date of publication being plainly expressed in each signature, the ready settlement of questions of priority is assured. The articles in this series consist: First, of papers prepared by the scientific corps of the National Museum; secondly, of papers by others, founded upon the collections in the National Museum; and, finally, of interesting facts and memoranda from the correspondence of the Smith- sonian Institution. The Bulletins of the National Museum, the publication of which was commenced in 1875, consist of elaborate papers (monographs of families of animals, &c.), while the present series contemplates the prompt pub- lication of freshly acquired facts relating to biology, anthropology, and geology; descriptions of restricted groups of animals and plants; the settlement of particular questions relative to the synonymy of species, and the diaries of minor expeditions. This series of publications was commenced in 1878, with volume I, under the title ‘“‘ Proceedings of the United States National Museum,” by the authority and at the expense of the Interior Department, and under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. The present volume, constituting the sixth of the series, has been pre- pared under the editorial supervision of Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, curator of the department of fishes. SPENCER F. BAIRD, Director of the U. S. National Museum. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Washington, June 9, 1884. (11) TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. PPMP MESIMD LECHEMPM INO GM: (oonor. At aise esac acles Sobsle cose tesa tence cesniseboanecdsctacccesner cost 499-530 Bean, Tarleton H. The first Occurrence of Pseudotriacis microdon, Capello, on the Cn MEMO I DEC SUALGN oc cscs <a an’ snciemae sotincc ac woe tasecssacincceeses onace nes an scee cas 147-150 Notes on a collection of Fishes made in 1882 and 1883 by Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U. S. N., in Alaska and British Columbia, with a Description of a New Genus and Species, Pri- iE MRIMUCNUS to cc encase tori acl ance Soins Seinicmm cee ss eetnae Selon ce mania su eee saan tiake 353-361 [Prionistius macellus, n. g. and n. s., Sebastichthys brevispinis, n. subs.) Notes on some Fishes collected by James G. Swan in Washington Territory, including PEMNIAANCS OLMNTACTUTUS Was ones se caicris Aco sdacine ane deteciteeenat Cocca ses beaten ee te aanees 362-364 (Macrurus acrolepis, n. s.) ~ — Notes on Fishes observed at the Head of Chesapeake Bay in the spring of 1882, and MPOOLMOL Species Of thoesame REGION . .......0.5 52.202. secanscsscess cesccscenescteeceesnssees 365-367 Iding, L. List of Birds found at Guaymas, Sonora, in December, 1882, and April, 1883.. 343-344 Second Catalogue of a Collection of Birds made near the southern extremity of Lower SUES SSE eR rem slats orate: Pancha ctovarsje sloias d= re'c awe a’a GAwla SoS awe clnooe Sein wiae USce case cemeeee 244-352 {Edited by R. Ridgway.] “h, Katherine J. Catalogue of Mollusca and Echinodermata dredged on the coast of Labrador by the Expedition under the direction of Mr. W. A. Stearns, in 1882. (Plate IX.) 236-247 ‘all, W. Hi. Ona collection of Shells sent from Florida by Mr. Henry Hemphill (Plate Pe in ssbocadncect teat SESS a ee ay eae oe | te a 318-342 [Leuconia hemphillit, n.s., Phos intricatus, nu. 8., Muricidea, n. s.?, Mitra (Mitrophora ?) flori- dana, n. 8., Drilita thea, n. 8., Drillia leucocyma, nu. s., Drillia limonitella, n. 8., Bulima (Leio- straca?) hemphillii, n. 8., Pyramidella? vincta, n.s., Odostomia acutidens, nu. s., Parthenia cedrosa, n.8., Turbonilla viridaria, n.s., Furbonilla (viridaria var.?) virga, n. 3? Turbo- nilla (viridaria var.?) puniceu, n.s.? Cytherea (Transennella?) conradina, n. 8.) Fisher, William J. Catalogue of a collection of Ethnological Specimens obtained from the Ugashagmut Tribe, Ugashak River, Bristol Bay, Alaska................-.--.-.-.------ 161-165 Flint, Dr. James M. Classification of the Materia Medica collection of the United States National Museum, and Catalogue of Specimens. (Circular No. 19 of Appendix) .........- 431475 — Request for Drugs and Information concerning them. (Circular No. 20 of Appendix) -.. 477 Gilbert, Charles H. (See JoRDAN & GILBERT.) Gill, Theodore. Diagnosis of new Genera andand Species of deep-sea fish-like Vertebrates 253-260 [Petromyzon (Bathymyzon) bairdii, n. subg. and n.s., Chimera abbreviata, n. s., Histiobran- chusinfernalis, n. g.and n.s., Notacanthus analis, n.s., Sigmops stigmaticus, n. g. and n. 8., Hyperchoristus Tanneri, n. g. and n. s., Alepocephalus productus, n.s., Halosaurus Goodei, n.s., Plectromus suborbitalis, n. g. and n.s., Stephanoberyx mone, n. g. and n.s.. Caulolepis longidens, n. g. and n.s., Bassozetus normalis, n. g.and n.s., Onos rufus, n.8.] Gill, Theodore & Ryder, John A. Diagnoses of new Genera of Nemichthyoid Eels. ... 260-262 [Serrivomer beanii, n. g. and n.s., Spinivomer goodei, n. g.andn. s., Labichthys carinatus, n. g. and n.s., Labichthys elongatus, n-s.} On the Anatomy and Relations of the Eurypharyngidew..................-......-..-- 262-273 [Lyomeri, n. ord., Gastrostomus bairdii, n. g. and n. 8.) Goode, G. Brown. The generic names Amitra and Thyris replaced ...........-..-...--- 109 {Monomitra and Delothyris, new names. ] Heap, G. H., Esq. On an antique Roman Mosaic from Carthage, now in the United Pl ete OR PN MON MIE MMBOUMN G25 cers ce me ne Hes u clone nai encla cwneie's/oeww onise venaisdvoccuee beeen sine ~--- 415-417 (The ‘* Mosaic Lion.’’] Hornaday, William T. Brief Directions for removing and preserving the Skins of Mammals. (Also issued separately as Circular No 22 of Appendix.) (Four cuts)......--- 485-491 Humbert, Fred., i. D., F.C. 8. Lucilia macellaria infesting Man ...............---. 103-105 Hunt, J.G., M1. DB. Report on a Fragment of Cloth taken from a Mound in Ohio..-....--. 101-102 Il wha lg iV CONTENTS. Page Jordan, David S., and Gilbert, Charles H. Notes on the Nomenclature of certain North American Wishes 22: ooo. 2-<6ec~ sae tems ee ole peice new mic na el amano ola 5 eee 110-111 Description of two new Species of Fishes (Aprion ariommus and Ophiding beani) from Pensacola: Bld. oes wands basa e wena sea te tadace Ramdaetacicksmacs anc clean minniaie ee 142-144 ——— A review of the American Caranginm®. --------- oo oon. eo en ene ee 188-207 Note on the Genera of Petromyzontide ..--......-.-----------. ---+++-+-+--222++2+++--- 208 — Description of a new Murenoid Eel (Sidera chlevastes) from the Galapagos Islands. .-. 208-210 Description of a new species of Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus glaucostigma) from Makatlan: TO RAGO een oh Sete) hetoee cece eta ec ees eon hclate te la ae einte Siete ata ete Career hea es cea ie 210-211 Jordan, David 8S., ad Swain, Joseph. List of Fishes collected in the Clear Fork of the Cumberland, Whitley County, Kentucky, with Descriptions of three new species..-..- 248-251 [ Boleosoma susane, n.s., Pecilichthys sagitta, n.s., Htheostoma cumberlandicum, n. 8.) Jouy, Pierre Louis. Ornithological Notes on Collections made in Japan from June to Wecem bon: REI cS stag et a nln sles ciaeee sini ale Altes aeia a alae ete mine eternal kere ore 273-318 Merrill, George P. On the bleck Nodules or so-called Inclusions in the Maine Granites.. 137-141 Preliminary Note on the Crystalline Schists of the District of Columbia..-...-.-- 159-161 On the Collection of Maine Building Stones in the United States National Museum ..... 165-183 Nelson, E. W. On the Source of the jadeite Implements of the Alaskan Innuits.-. -.----- 426-427 Niblack, Ensign A. P. Instructionsfor taking Paper Molds of Inscriptions in Stone, Wood, Bronze, &c. (Circular No. 23 of Appendix) ........--------.. ----------.00------- 493-497 Nutting, Charles C. Ona Collection of Birds from Nicaragua -....-.-------------------- 372-410 [Geothlyphis bairdi, n. s., Oryzoborus nuttingi Ridgw., n. 8., Contopus depressirostris Ridgw., n.s., Cymbilanius lineatus fasciatus Ridgw., n subs., Porzana leucogastra Ridgw., n. 8.] Plates. (See end of volume.) Rathbun, Richard. List of duplicate Marine Invertebrates distributed by the United States National Museum. Series I1V.—Educational Series No. 2...........---.---.-------- 212-216 Rau, Charles. Circular relative to Contributions of Aboriginal Antiquities to the United States National Museum. (Circular No. 21 of Appendix.).......-..-...--..-..------------ 479-483 Ridgway, Robert. Descriptions of some Birds supposed to be undescribed, from the Com- mander Islands and Petropaulovski, collected by Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, U. 8. Signal SOLVICO Sapo ele taste aiwee nel cinsietm aes amintes Seana winioltaeie\~/einin aie anion! onicie ieee eee 90-96 [Halictus hypoleucus Stejneger, Acrocephalus dybowskii Stejneger, Anorthura pallescens Stejneger, Hirundo saturata Stejneger, Anthus Stejnegerit Ridgw., provisionally.] On the probable Identity of Motacilla ocularis Swinhoe and M. amurensis Seebohm, with remarks on an allied supposed species, M. blakistoni Seebohm.......--...-.--..------ 144-147 Descriptions of some new Birds from Lower California, collected by Mr. L. Belding -.. 154-156 [Lophophanes inornatus cineraceus, n. subs., Psaltriparus grinde, Belding, n. s. Junco bairdi, Belding, n. s.] = Anthus cervinus (Pallas) an) Lower California -....<...-620<cenees ose s cen encaane eee 156-157 =———. Note on Merala confinis (Baird)! nec cma mm 7ini2 » njsie cin njeince male el twince as = lela 158-159 —— Notes on some Japanese Birds related to North American species --.-...--.-..----------- 368-371 — (Editor.) List of Birds found at Guaymas, Sonora, in December, 1882, and April, 1883. By ie Bel din poo ate ape mais a tina a cls wine ome vice canna ie a = Seemann) sla eae oe eee 343-344 —— (Editor.) Ona collection of Birds from Nicaragua. By Charles C. Nutting ....-------. 372-410 On some Costa Rican Birds, with Descriptions of several supposed new species. --..---. 410-415 { Empidonax viridescens, n. s., Pittasoma michleri zeledoni, n. subs.] Smith, Rosa. The life colors of Cremnobates integripinnis.....-...---------+---+--+++-+--+- 216-217 Note on the Occurrence ot Gasterosteus williamsoni, Grd., in an Artesian Well at San Bernardino; Cal |...2 2.2 cesteodacetessecicwecs + bine cciecic oe eee caw ena clo ste te eee eer 217 Notes on the Fishes of Todos Santos Beri Lower) California: -:.--2---co-~0seeee seucte 232-236 Smith, Sidney E. Preliminary Report on the Brachyura and Anomura dredged in deep ’ water off the south coast of New England by the United States Fish Commission in 1880, 1881. and! 1889. .< PlatesWl— Vil \ecuc cece te aeis dais nicie(slacire at Gece, cee aa eee ee 1-57 [Amathia Tanneri, n.s., Collodes robustus, n.s., Cymopolia gracilis, n.s., Sympagurus ? pictus, n.g.and n.s., Munida valida, n.s., Ewmunida picta, n. g. and n.s., Anoplonotus politus, n. g.und n. s.] List of the Crustacea dredged on the Coast of Labrador by the Expedition under the Direction of W..A. Stearns, ina BB2 ee coccinea acc con ene ome om leceme less eee aes 218-222 [ Rhachotropis, nom. g.n.] Review of the Marine Crustacea of Labrador .....- ...------ 02... ..- 5-2. nas sone 223-232 Stearns, Robert E.C. Description of a new genus and species of Aleyonoid Polyp, from Japanese waters, with remarks on the Structure and Habits of related forms, etc. (Plate WAL) os ieee cP Scien icant oie ae ae ioeratee ee nie meena sre nlc ee tata italia let ta ao aint tat mre oie fate ec te ee 96-101 [Radicipes pleurocristatus, nu. g. and n. 8.] CONTENTS. Vi Page. Stearns, W.A. Notes on the Natural History of Labrador .............-.....-.22--------- 111-137 Stejneger, Leonhard. Contributions to the History of the Commander Islands. No. 1. Notes on the Natural History, including Descriptions of new Cetaceans ...........--..... 58-89 { Berardius bairdii, n.s., Ziphius grebnitzkii, n. s.} Swain, Joseph. A Description of a new species of Hadropterus (Hadropterus scierus) PROMO EH OUIIM OD) in RReeE eye olsen aa npcic's cis sps/als/= saa alanine sie/swinioaiqaiseesucieswecssac Lecce 252 (See also under JORDAN and SWAIN. True, Frederick W., M.S. Ona pair of abnormal Antlers of the Virginia Deer. (With ok GEG ees Sodan oe oR OR SAE ae ARR ARE Ps eg eS ee ie eee are 151 On the Skeleton of Phoca (Histriophoca) fasciata, Zimmerman. (Plates XI-XIV and OES GU) secesedtgac: Sg RSHESORS ee SSSR Ce SS SOSH Seas HEOSE COOOS ESE: ESCO Cpe Eee ee mE rine 417-426 Walker, §..0. Fish mortality in the Gulf of Mexico. ..-..-.2--2<.csc-cecesasccesse-ceserss 105-109 On the Origin of the Fossil Bones discovered in the vicinity of Tise’s Ford, Florida .... 427-429 White, Charles A. On the Macrocheilus of Phillips, Plectostylus of Conrad, and Solania- cus of Meek & Worthen. (Plate VIII)---......--.......... Suvsnes Bowe t eens aes seeeaeets 184-187 Willis, Wierritt. Shell Beds in West Chester, N. Y ............ 2-2-2. -ccce ces seen ecceces 109 Yarrow, H.C., M1. D. Description of new Species of Reptiles in the United States Na- PID i) VED on ene SSR OSenE RISCS SEED EC OUD aOOR Cre CODE ESCE COB SeE a ea neecCoe sect rnepars 152-154 (Dutenia vagrans plutonia, n. subs., Eutenia henshawi, n. 8., Bascanium flagelliforme bicinctum, nu. subs., Tropidonotus compressicaudus walkeri, nu. subs.] LIST OF LLEUS th AT Oa Osrousvirginianus, abuormaliantler of «...0<.00caccecacec cnnwetcvecccdcsvesieesesscaenateened Pe Histriophocn fascrala, Pelvis) Oly cams vc coc cisiswawcvesciiclteciens ccast's owns + visoaiancle mais eee Nquirrelipantly skinned soos. onn incite ances ce sesiecss snipe cine =isaecos decease = aties= seen Skinning the skull of aisquirrel. 2.2 i. cccscccccceccdeosetsebep<cccctiescecuicade ese censceeeem Cuts in'skinningimammals . 2 <n oceiace cess cnwelss conics cmercns| te siscy cesses acse eee eee Skinning theshead OLa Geer: -.2-n202)Socaasece anc eclceince no aclecscmee ssicesee cea eee eee a od OFS We She (Full explanations are given with the plates at the end of the volume.) I.—Munida valida Smith. II.—Anoplonotus politus Smith, and Humunida picta Smith. I0.—Anoplonotus politus, Hwmnunida picta and Munida Caribea Smith. IV.—Eumunida picta, Eupagurus politus Smith, and Catapagurus Sharrert A. M.-Edwards. V.—Eupagurus bernhardus Brandt, Sympagurus pictus Smith, and Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith VI.—Parapagurus pilosimanus, Sympagurus pictus, and Eupagurus bernhardus. VU.—Radicipes pleurocristatus Stearns. VIII.—Species of Soleniscus of Meek & Worthen. TX.—Labrador shells collected by W. A. Stearns and others in 1882. X.—Florida shells collected by Henry Hemphill. XI.—Skull of Phoca (Histriophoca) fasciata. Side view. XII.—Same. View from below. XIII.—Same. View from above. XIV.—Skeleton of Phoca (Histriophoca) fasciata. Side view. vi LIST OF CORRECTIONS. Page 56, line 25, Ewmida should be Eumunida. Page 56, line 8, from bottom, Eumida should be Eumunida. Page 58, line 13 from below, unable should read enabled. Page 60, line 26, Tonkoj should read Tolstoj. Page 69, line 12 from bottom, grallinaria should read gallinaria. Page 71, line 15 should be omitted altogether. Page 71, line 29, (Gurm.) should read (Gunn.). Page 72, line 21, albus should read ridgwayt. Page 73, line 3 from bottom, albus should read ridgwayi. Page 77, line 7, to should be into. Page 80, line 45 from bottom (third series of measurements), 245 should be 265. Page 84, line 5, the natives should read they. Page 118, line 25, Gryfalcon should read Gyrfalcon. Page 122, line 12, Kiltiwake should read Kittiwake. Page 122, line 23, Leache’s should read Leach’s. Page 129, head line, No. 2 should read No. 9. Page 144, line 7 from bottom, duties should read dates. Page 161, line 2 from bottom, Editor should read J. K.G@. (The editor of the Proceedings did not see the proofs of this article.) Page 208, line 30, Curanz should read Oaranz. Page 206, line 31, Ohloroscomberus should read Ohloroscembrus. Page 207, line 7 from bottom, Selen should read Selene. Page 213, line 14 from bottom, cinera should read cinerea. Page 222, line 8, aculata should read aculeata. Page 222, line 26, branchials should read branchialis. Page 243, line 2 from bottom, modiolria should read modiolaria. Page 362, line 13, Macururus should read Macrurus. Page 393, line 6 from bottom, Hydrostomus should read Hadrostomus. Page 407, line 19, Ramphastos should read Rhamphastos. Page 420, the last two lines should be omitted. Page 421, last line, Pinnideds should read Pinnipeds. Page 423, measurements, Halichceres should read Halichcerus. Page 503, first column, line 26, Butaster should read Butastur, Page 511, above line 7 from bottom, insert Halixetus albicilla..... 68. Page 523, line 8 from bottom, Hydrostornus should read Hadrostomus. Page 523, Rupornis, ruficafida should read Rupornis ruficauda. ' +) A le * huss ‘ a ie fia, Meee a : ’ : ’ | ve fix) Oe he ; 1 i: thinwhiad ¥ “y A ow Mia 4 al? a i" f oa a Dh * A ' ; | ga ¥ M4 bs 4 age \ oe ay Oe \g LL“ > ‘ » ah : an 1 f thre) r i Cat ke nw iP i urs i 4 i : t y i: ‘ ¥ ‘ i " a Ab , ' t iv . é Py ‘* 4 “\ i j ted, ee nye PUL Sl a TR, hal Peas a re - Aken, OMT: “Load: het igi ee et Bh 4 . pint ae erst tal. ined ’ A di tote er PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Iss3s. Vol. Vi, No. 3. Washington, D.C. June 18, 1888. PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE BRACHYURA AND ANOMURA DREDGED IN DEEP WATER OFF THE SOUTH COAST OF NEW ENGLAND BY THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION EIN 1880, 1881, AND 1882. oe By SIDNEY I. SMITH. This report is intended to be supplementary to my preliminary notice of the crustacea dredged in the same region in 1880 (these Proceedings, iii, pp. 413-452), and to include all the species of Brachyura and Anomura obtained off Martha’s Vineyard at depths greater than 50 fathoms. The crustacea dredged off the mouth of Chesapeake Bay in 1880, and off the capes of the Delaware in 1881, will be the subject of a separate report, but the specimens from these dredgings are included in the fol- lowing lists of specimens examined as far as the species to which they belong are contained in the present report. A few of the species described as new in the preliminary notice above referred to were almost simultaneously described by A. Milne-Edwards in one of the reports of the Blake dredgings, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in 1877, 1878, 1879 (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cam- bridge, vol. viii, No. 1, December 29, 1880), of which I had no knowledge whatever until after my paper was printed (January, 1881), and which was - not published until after my last proof had been returned to the Public Printer (December 24, 1880). I have had much difficulty in identifying Milne-Edwards’s species, but have adopted his names wherever it was possible to recognize his species. In determining some of these spe- cies I have been greatly aided by the kindness of Prof. Walter Faxon, who has sent me for examination some of the type specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.* The last season’s dredging off Martha’s Vineyard reveals the total, or almost total, disappearance of several of the larger species of crus- tacea which were exceedingly abundant in the same region in 1880 and 1881. The most remarkable cases are those of Huprognatha rastellifera, Collodes robustus, Catapagurus Sharreri, Munida Caribea? Smith, and *While the manuscript of this report was in the hands of the printer, the follow- ing work of Milne-Edwards was received: Recueil de figures de Crustacés nouveaux ou peu connus. lére livraison. April, 1883. A considerable number of Milne-Ed- wa. 's’ new species are provisionally figured in this work, but it does not seem to make ai.7 changes in the proofs of the following pages necessary, except under Anop- lonotus politus, which was doubtfully referred to Elasmonotus in the original manu- script, but for which the new generic name has been inserted in the proof.—May 29, 1883, 2 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pontophilus brevirostris, all of which were exceedingly abundant in 1880 and 1881; butof the first two not a specimen was taken the past season, of the Munida only a single specimen, and that on the last trip, and of the other species only a very few specimens. Lambrus Verrillii, Acan- thocarpus Alexandri, Latreillia elegans, Homola barbata, and Anoplonotus politus, which were each taken several times in 1880 and 1881, were none of them taken in 1882; they were far less abundant than the other species, however, and the non-occurrence of some of them was very likely accidental; but the disappearance of part of them at least was undoubtedly due to the same eauses which occasioned the disappearance of the more abundant species. The disappearance of these species was undoubtedly connected directly with the similar disappearance of the tile-fish (Lopholatilus) from the same region, and on this account specially I give in detail, for many of the species enumerated beyond, the tables of specimens examined from the region explored by the Fish Commission; and to these I have usually added the specimens which I have examined from the collection made by Alexander Agassiz on the Blake in 1880. All the species mentioned above as having disappeared in 1882 were specially characteristic of the narrow belt of comparatively warm water (approximately 50° F.), in from 60 to 160 fathoms, which * bas amore southern fauna than the colder waters either side. Professor Verrill has suggested (Amer. Jour. Sci., II, xxiv, p. 366, 1882) that there was a great destruction of life in this belt, caused by a severe storm, in the winter of 1881~82, which agitated the bottom-water and foreed outward the cold water that even in summer occupies the great area of shallow sea along the coast, thus causing a sudden lowering of the temperature along the warmer belt inhabited by the tile-fish and the crustacea referred to. In the following tables of specimens examined the latitude and longi- tude, depth, nature of bottom, &c., are copied from the list of dredging sfations of the Fish Commission for 1880, 1881, and i882, in the Bulletin of the Fish Commission, vol. ii, pp. 119 to 131, 1882, where further details in regard to temperature, &e., are given. In indicating the nature of the bottom, the Coast Survey system of abbreviations is used. In the column for the number of specimens examined, / is used to indicate large specimens; s, Small specimens; and y, young. When the sexes were not counted separately the whole number of specimens examined is placed in the middle of the column ; when the sexes were counted sepa- rately the number of males is put on the right, the number of females on the left, and the number of young in the middle, followed by the letter y. As a basis for ascertaining the breeding season, I have, in a great number of cases, noted the presence or absence of egg-bearing females ; when the number of such females was counted it is entered in the ap- propriate column; when specimens carrying eggs were found, but not counted, a plus sign, +, is used; and when none of the specimens ex- amined were carrying eggs a zero, 0, is used. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3 BRACHYURA. MAIOIDEA. Amathia Agassizii Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, x, p. 1, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3, 1882. Specimens examined. z ro No. of speci- 3 a mens. Locality. = 3 x es Nature of bottom. s o 8 N. lat. W. long. 2 8 2 2 5 = = og a 3 a — a : s E OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. Sap aT o 7 u" 1881. 939 | 39 53 00 69 50 30 264 gn. S. M. | Aug. 4)1 1032} 39 56 00 69 22 00 | 208 yl. M. Sept. 14/1 ty. 1882. 1113 | 39 57 00 70 37 00 192 gn. M. Aug. 22 | 1 1154 | 39 55 31 70 39 00 193 S. M. Oct. 413 In the original description above referred to it is stated that this species resembles Amathia Carpentert Norman (Scyramathia Carpenteri A. M.-Edwards); it is, however, probably not closely allied or even congeneric with that species, but apparently closely allied to Amathia crassa A. M.-Edwards, and possibly identical with it. I was misled in regard to the armament of the carapax of Scyramathia Carpenteri by the woodcut given in the Depths of the Sea (no description of the species has yet appeared), for Milne-Edwards states that the species is closely allied to Scyra umbonata Stimpson, certainly a very different species from Amathia Agassizii, and has united them in his new genus Scyramathia. As indicated above, all the specimens seen are males. One of these is much larger than the larger of the two original specimens described and figured in my reportabove referred to, but differs very little from it, al- though the spines of the horizontal series on the branchial region, above _the bases of the cheliped and first ambulatory leg, are considerably longer, and there are two well-developed spines, instead of two or three small ones, on the lateral margin back of the anterior angle of the bue- cal area. Measurements of this specimen are given in the last column of the accompanying table of measurements. The other specimens show all gradations between this and the young specimens originally de- scribed. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Measurements in millimeters. Station— | 1032. 939. 1113. | 1154. DOSE eek abe emehen ase kbaw stem fase Geer Gest ee nee ches penne Rep emnee eter Young. ron rom Length of carapax, including rostral and posterior spines --.---.----. 15.5 21.5 26.3 53. 5 Length of earapax from base of rostral to tip of posterior spines..--| 10.0 14.0 18.0 42.5 Length of carapax, excluding rostral and posterior spines..... . pee 9.1 12.1 16.5 40.5 envth of rostral horns OL Splines) .~. ee .cos-= cesses epee ccscueeasens 5.7 8.0 9.0 12.0 Breadth of carapax, including lateral spines. ....-...--.-.-.---.----- ie 16.0 19.5 39.5 Breadth of carapay, excluding lateral spines .......----..... Saba ee 6.8 9.0 12:8 32.0 Menethiot branchiauanine! -.2-5-..s =e soso seh one jase ae eee nee eet 3.1 4.8 5. 2 6.0 I Gyaverdn ere Cle etl Ges ee Ri ee a SS ae oe ie 11.0 15.0) 21.5 62.0 Length of chela.....-.-...0.00 25-3 - ec ccns os sececenccceeccesscene== 4.6 6.4, 10.0 28.5 Te} euiihiln Ghie ONCE BR Bara ne sos aoe mc Seto Ge 9 O00 NO OS soN ese g bode 09 1.3 1.6 4.0 Lbpepy tide OE RPE ABO Se Hae cogsesnonordccaonnd SspASscesce Geeaseac 2.0 2.5) |. ano 5.4 Lenrthior tirstambulatory log cn. sce cee enna som amen pees iss 18.0 25.0 37..0' |uocameee TBH OTNOL GACtYAUS) “se -)6 sation pac ose ene ac Seen een: ote ee oes ante ait 3.5 4.0 a fd Pee Leéneth of second ambulatory leg... obi se -eocccwebesaciecduscasaey = 15.0 22.5 31.5 95.0 ene th Ob GAOL LUG ree. amitelacelseenaeleeiee eae ees iae eee eee eels 3. 2 4.8 | 6.0 17.5 Amathia Tanneri, sp. nov. Allied to the last species, but readily distinguished from it by the narrower carapax with longer and less diverging rostral horns and fewer and more nearly equal spines, and by having a single spine only on the base of the antenna. Male.—The carapax, excluding the rostral horns and the spines, is about as broad as long. The rostral horns are nearly straight, much less divergent than in A. Agassizii, and, in the larger of the two speci- mens seen, much more than half as long as the rest of the carapax. The supraorbital spine and the postorbital processare as in A. Agassizii, but the basal segment of the antenna is unarmed except by a single spine at the distal end. There are four long and approximately equi- distant spines on the mesial line of the carapax, the two anterior on the gastric region and smaller than the others, which are on the cardiac region, the posterior being near the posterior margin and projecting slightly backward over it. There are no prominent spines on the gas- trie region except the two median, but there is a minute tubercle or ru- dimentary spine either side about equidistant from the two median, and on the cardiac region there are no spines or tubercles whatever except the two median. There is a single long hepatic and a great branchial spine, as in A. Agassizii, but there are no other spines or tubercles on the branchial region except two, about as long as the cardiac spines, and about equidistant from each other and from the great branchial, the posterior gastric, and the anterior cardiac. The anterior angle of the buceal area projects in a dentiform process either side, as in A. Agassizii, and back of this the prominent margin of the pleural region is armed with three small tubercles or rudimentary spines. There are no spines or tubercles on the side of the branchial region above the basis of the cheliped and first ambulatory leg, and no tubercles whatever on the postero-lateral margins. The chelipeds and ambulatory legs are essentially asin A. Agassizii. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5 The number and arrangement of the dorsal spines of the carapax appear to be nearly as in A. hystrix Stimpson, as figured by A. Milne- Edwards (Crust. Région Mexicaine, p. 134, pl. 28, fig. 1, 1878), except that the lateral spines of the gastric region are obsolete in A. Tanneri ; but all the spines are very greatly longer in hystrix, which appeats to be a very distinct species. Measurements in millimeters. Station— 1038. 1043. ee ee tees oo tao cca civ aanwe cade We maldimsente nesses ccegvecos aelpaceamants oats fol fof Length of carapax, including rostral and posterior spines.......-.------------++----- 15+ 28.0 Length of carapax from base of rostral to tip of posterior spines ------..-.-----.----- 11.0 18.0 Length of carapax, excluding rostral and posterior spines.......-----.....----------- 10. 2 16. 2 DOmeiMeLOst MOLI S' OT SPOS) 4-2 i) oe Saco ch s dca c'ss yoesis gic tbaice oces sac uecice caps 44 11.0 Breadth of carapax, including lateral spines 10. 0 18.0 Breadth of carapax, excluding lateral spines 6.7 11.2 Length of branchialspine ......-..-.-.----- 1.9 4.0 Length of cheliped ..........-- 12.0 20. 0 Length of chela.......-.....-- Bae 9.0 Breadth of chela............-- 1.1 1.8 Length of dactylus........--. 2.0 3.5 Length of first ambulatory leg.. 21.0 35. 0 Length of dactylus ................. 3.7 6.2 Length of second ambulatory leg .- 222. 2.22. 22s 20 enone cone wn en ensececncn-eeeenn oes: 16. 0 27.0 PPM PMsCIC UV LUN Sec mec cass haat f oe teee tocadep van aeeescecenteucdcuenecetadeteeacee 3.0 5.0 Specimens examined. Z : g = No. of speci- ° Locality. 2 = Se vA = | Nature of bottom. ia — =) =| £ | Nilat. W. long. | = 8 E a e (4 g a = e OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. H Cre Sie 1881. 1038 | 39 58 70 06 146 S. Sh. Sept. 21 | ly. OFF DELAWARE BAY. OTe” om 1881. 1043 38 39 73 11 130 S. Oct. 10 | 1 Hyas coarctatus Leach. Taken at a number of stations off Martha’s Vineyard, in 86 to 158 fathoms, and also in much shallower water near Block Island and off No Man’s Land. Four male specimens were taken off Chesapeake Bay in 1880, station 900, N. lat. 37° 19’, W. long. 74° 41’, 31 fath., sand— the farthest south the species has been noticed. Collodes robustus, sp. nov. Collodes depressus Smith, Proc, National Mus., iii, p. 414, 1881 (mon A. M.- Edwards. ) A careful examination of one of the type specimens of C. depressus convinces me that the specimens which I have referred to that species 6 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. are really a distinct but closely allied and much larger species. Very small specimens, 10”™ or less in length of carapax, resemble the depressus very much, but are distinguished from Milne-Edwards’s figures and the type specimen referred to by the less regularly triangular outline of the carapax, the hepatic and branchial regions being much more protuber- ant; by the acute rostral horns, more widely separated at their tips; by the much longer interantennular spine, which is fully as long as in Eu- prognatha rastellifera ; by the short and conical or even tubereuliform gastric and cardiac spines; by the spine of the first somite of the abdo- men being directed backward instead of upward; and by the more slender chele. Male.—In large males over 20™™ in length of carapax, the carapax is a little over three-fourths as broad as long, and thickly covered, as well as nearly all otber parts of the animal except the chelz, with strongly curved hairs or sete, which, in every specimen seen, persist- antly retain a thick coating of soft mud. Therostral horns are slender and separated by a rounded sinus, at the bottom of which the inter- antennular spine, or true rostrum, which is much longer than the rostral horns and grooved longitudinally in front, projects downward and about as far forward as the rostral horns. The basal segment of the antenna is armed with a lateral and an inferior ridge, each divided into three to five short spiniform teeth. The postorbital processes are broad, but acutely triangular, and project as far as the tips of the eyes. The dorsal sur- face is thickly covered with granular tubercles, and there is a slight tubercular elevation, but little more prominent than the tubercles of the general surface, on the gastric region, and another on the cardiac, in place of the spines in the young. The hepatic region is divided obliquely near the middle by a deep suleus into two lobes, of which the superior projects in a rounded prominence, which is very conspicuous as seen from above, while the inferior is crossed longitudinally by the pleurotergal suture and below it armed with a short series of small tuber- culiform spines. The branchial regions are prominent, swollen, and evenly tuberculated. The chelipeds are stout and approximately once and a half as long as the carapax; the merus is triquetral with the angles armed more or less with tubercles or tuberculiform spines; the whole outer surface of the carpus is similarly armed. The chela is approximately two-thirds as long as the carapax, naked, smooth, polished, and unarmed, except a very few tubercles on the inner surface and near the proximal ends of the upper and under edges; the body is nearly as long as the digits, thick and swollen; and the digits are compressed, somewhat grooved longitudinally, very slightly curved, gaping at the bases, and with the prehensile edges slightly and irregularly crenate. The ambulatory legs are hairy to very near the tips, but are otherwise unarmed and smooth throughout, and all the segments are subcylindrical ; the first are about two and a half times as long as the carapax, the others successively PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7 shorter, and the last considerably less than twice as long as the cara- pax; the dactyli are considerably curved, slender, and tapered near the acute chitinous tips. The sternum is tuberculose, like the dorsal surface of the carapax, except upon the concave portion between the bases of the chelipeds, where it is smooth. The first somite of the abdomen is tuberculose, like the carapax, and armed with a low tuberculiform prominence, in place of the spine in the young. The second somite is very short and scarcely wider than the first. The third is widest of all, and from it the abdomen is regularly narrowed to the seventh somite, which is anchylosed with the sixth, as in Euprognatha rastellifera, triangular, with the tip obtuse, and nearly as broad as long. Female.—The females appear not to attain the adult sexual char- acters until the carapax is about 12™™ in length, apparently never attain as great size as the males, and as usual aeons the young, although they lose the gastric, cardiac, and abdominal spines fully as early as the males. The carapax is slightly more convex and the bran- chial regions somewhat less swollen than in the male. The chelipeds remain small and weak, the chelw slender as in the young, and the am- bulatory legs proportionally shorter than in the male. The proportions of the carapax, chelipeds, and ambulatory legs in the young and adults of both sexes are well shown by the accompanying table of measurements. : Measurements in millimeters and hundredths of length of carapax. Station— ™ 874 | 949 | 940 | 940] 940| 940] 873 | 10386 | 950 940 Sex -..-.-.0020- 222-00. o-vere oneness fae od |) et lett al] yas | oP} con Fig Length of carapax, including frontal EGIL | g 3S26 eRe Peo eeee | 9.7 | 12.5 | 14.8 | 23.3 | 25.7] 27.0] 8.2 | 10.7'| 13.3 | 18.3 Greatest breadth of carapax.....-..-.. C16) SOY PLOKB LT9) | 2057 1 212 ons PO BOo8)|" 14.1 gs in hundredths of length of cara- | ee eeeeen men: Heh aos \owaeate car miae 68 73 73 77 77 78 71 68 | 70 77 Segre GiNPMNEd 5-2-2. os cen cee ne | 11.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 34.0 | 38.0 | 40.0] 9.5] 11.0] 14.0] 19.0 Length IMOHOLaA es © Sess ose ee Se | 4.8] 62] 7.8] 14.8/17.6/185] 3.5) 4.5] 5.5 7.9 aoe in hundredths of length of cara- = a ARES ek? a 149 |50 |53 |64 |66 |68 | 41 | 42 | 42 43 Heicht Tg id ChE MR SU eee oe eee M250 |. 20] 66h 75) 8.0)" 09,1". T 4 2.1 Sees in hundredths of length of cara- BEER a ta oeies Sera s Sekt sb sleeeeejeeniss'e 12 17 18 28 29 30 il 10 11 12 Earth UPA EVO ny OT ee 2d Hid.) | Ae 4 16. ONH 9) Pel OS Sy SOs) Oi 68.8 4.7 Length of first ambulatory leg......-. 20.0 | 28.0 | 34.0 | 58.0 | 65.0 | 68 0 | 15.0 | 19.0} 24.0] 32.0 Length of propodus ..-..........--.-- 5.0] 65] 85) 14.5 | 15.5) 17.0] 3.1] 41] 60 TAS Lensth Oh GaCtylUse 25st. ca 3.9] 5.4) 7.0] 12.0) 134/145) 2.7) 3.9] 5.2 7.0 Length of fourth ambulatory leg..... 17.0 | 22.0 | 27.0 | 42.0 | 46.0 | 47.0 }.....- 15,5 | 20.0) 25.0 Length of propodus .......-----.--..- 3.8| 5.0| 69] 10.1 | 12.0 | 12.6 ]...... 2.91 4.8| 6.7 Length of dactylus.-....-.-..-.--....- 38; 5.0) 6&3) 9.2) 100 | 10.2 )...... 2.8 | 4.7 6.2 * Immature individuals. The number and arrangement of the branchize are the same as in Euprognatha rastellifera, but there are well-developed epipods on all 8 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. three pairs of maxillipeds, those on the second being narrow, but as long as the merus of the endopod, so that the formula is: Somite— VALE | WaT gi PEN. x. xe DGG Oil eG O 9 Og) eo. Total. Tepes 1 teed ise 1 1 1 0 0 0 ao} (<a (3) Podobranchiv...-.....-.- 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Arthrobranchiw.......-.. 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 Pleurobranchiz& ......-.- 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 4 8+(3) Specimens examined. n : i rd No. of speci- 3 z mens. Z Locality. = 3 d z ‘= | Nature of bottom. 3 So a N. lat. W. long. - a o ere = a E = 7) A E 5 OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. Oo / Mu oO / “a 1880. 865 | 40 05 00 70 23 00 65 fne. S. M. Sept. 4) 1 1 r | 871 40 02 54 70 23 40 115 fne. S. M. Sept. 4 8 1 0 872} 40 05 39 70 28 52 86 | S.G.Sh.sponges. | Sept. 4] 1 ; 873 | 40 02 00 70 57 00 1c0 sft. M. Sept. 13 3 3 0 874 | 40 00 00 70 57 00 85 sft. M Sept. 13 4 4 0 875 39 57 00 70 57 30 126 sft. M Sept. 13 1 0 je S7S8))es9) 55) 00) 70) 547515 4/42 sft. M Sept.13] 1 1 1 | 1881 921 {| 40 07 48 70 43 54 67 gn. M. July 16) 4 1 0 922; 40 03 48 70 45 54 71 gn. M.S July 16|] 2 940 | 39 54 00 69 51 30 134 hrd. 8S. sponges Aug. 4] 34 9 5 941 40 01 00 69 56 00 79 hrd. S. M Aug. 4 8 9 9 949 | 40 03 00 70 31 00 100 yl. M Aug. 23 5 5 5 950| 40 07 00 70 32 00 | 71 $"'Sh. M Aug. 23| 3 2 153 1036 39 58 00 69 30 00 | 94 5 Sept. 14 2 1 0 1088 | 39 58 00 70 06 00 146 S. Sh rept. 21 1 ; 1040 | 40 00 00 70 06 00 93 S. Sh Seen 4 0 OFF DELAWARE BAY. 2 1881 1043 | 38 39 00 Nay de 00, 130 S Oct. 105) 3b 1046 | 38 33 00 73 18 00 104 S Oct. 10} 1 1047 | 38 31 00 73 21 00 | 156 Ss Oct. 10n) | OFF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 1880. 896 37 26 00 74 19 00 56 S. Sh. Nov. 16| 7 1 1 899 | 37 22 00 74 29 00 57 S. Nov. 16 | 11 The type specimen of C. depressus which I have examined is from the Straits of Florida, and is labeled “‘ Bache, Apr. 2, 5th cast, 54 fms., off Sombrero.” This specimen gives the following measurements in milli- meters and hundredths of the length of the carapax: SOX sch des onside se wecilets oleae some ceeeee clan ceteeeeineeme rer ee we whewse woceseeEe 44 encthrol carapax 22 -a- 1c scct cic eostiareeceies Soe wttdc tates Sead oe nn 7.0 Breadth of.canapax 22 s0 5 i ete Wee teeeece ee eee eee. sis sen, fod aRee eee 5.2 Same in hundredths of length.........-..-----. Jggcacteseesae Heese Ren Soc 74 Length of cheliped’:. 222.3. .\c- Bo Soe soon Ewes Some ae eee sees ie See 3.0 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9 Tene OL CONOR 2. oo oa eoaatiwanaesmeinses aie eee ate ae ae Mee ale erm, de eho 3.3 Same in hundredths of length of carapax..........-.-220- cscs .-ceeee SAS Ee 47 Se GIA oo conte eile eeate ae aeicle a tacledsnceUedwa Se cwea s7ccas ovavse sone sane 1.2 Same in hundredths of length of carapax..:...---. .----- ....------2--00- apenas ly ( Length of dactylus........-....c0e2 Bt Sa GES RE SSE SB OM OSED Beebe noe ReE Beene 1.9 Neither Stimpson nor Milne-Edwards mentions the presence of an in- terantennular spine in any of the species of Collodes, and both of them speak of it in Huprognatha as specially distinguishing that genus from its near allies; but in the two species which I have examined the spine is well developed, though less prominent, and not projecting forward at all in OC. depressus. Euprognatha rastellifera Stimpson. Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, ii, p. 123, 1870. A. M.-Edwards, Crust. Région Mexicaine, p. 183, pl. 33, fig. 2, 1878; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, viii, p. 7, 1880. Smith, Proc. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 415, 1581; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, x, p. 4, 1882. Specimens examined. g a5 No. of speci- . S 8 mens. ; Locality. = S & = | Nature of bottom. 3 fa e eae = § N., lat. W. long. | 4 FI a Q Fe = tases a ce D a e E OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. ° ‘ “ ° 4 “" 1880 865 | 40 05 00 70 23 00 65 fne. S. M. Sept. 4 100+ | + 869 | 40 02 18 70 23 06 192 fne. S. Sept. 4 6 WERE 871 | 40 02 54 70 23 40 115 fne. S. M. Sept. 4 1,000+ | + 872} 40 05 39 70 23 52 86 | S.G.Sh. sponges. | Sept. 4 50--: | +- 873 40 02 00 70 57 00 100 Sft. M. Sept. 13 500+- | + | 874 40 00 00 70° ‘67 00 85 Sft. M. Sept. 13 1,000+ | + 877 | 39 56 00 70 54 18 | 126 Sft. M. Sept. 13 204+ | + 878 | 39 55 00 70 54 15 | 142 M. Sept. 13 300+ | + | | | 1881. | 920} 40 13 00 70 41 54 63 gn. M. July 16 7 e | 921 40 07 48 70 43 54 67 gn. M. | July 16; 1,500+ | + 922| 40 03 48 70 45 54 71 gn. M.S July 16 250+ | + 923 | 40 O1 24 70 46 00 96 S. July 16 37 + 925 | 39 55 00 70 47 00 229 Ss. M. ; July 16 5 Bcieic 940 | 39 54 00 69 51 30 | 134| hrd.S.,sponges. | Aug. 4 |.......... ee 941 40 01 00 69 56 00 79 brd.S. M. ' Aug. 4 2,000+ | + 949] 40 03 00 70 31 00 | 100 | yl. M. Aug. 23 500+ | + | 950 | 40 07 00 70 32 00 71 S.Sh. M Aug. 23 150+ | + | 1036 39 58 00 69 30 00 94 S. Sept. 14 1 | 1038 39 58 00 70 06 00 146 S. Sh. Sept. 21 2; 4 1040 | 40 00 00 70 06 00 93 8. Sh. Sept. 21 20+ OFF DELAWARE BAY. { 1881. 1043 38 39 00 73 11 00 130 Ss. Oct. 10 | 10 Sx, 1047} 38 31 00 73 21 00 | 156 Ss. Oct. 10| 7 tinct OFF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 1880, 896 | 37 26 00 74 19 00 56 S. Sh Nov. 16| 3 1} + 899 | 37 22 00 74 29 00 57 | Ss Nov. 16 6 4/4 | 10 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. T have also examined specimens taken by Alexander Agassiz on the Blake in 1880, at the following stations : | Station. N. lat. W. long. Fathoms. | Specimens. | ° ‘ “ [o} ‘ uw 335 | 38 22 25 | 72 33 40 89 1 B45n 40) MO] 1b gies cop 71 10¢ 9 346; 40 25 35 | 73 10 30 44 1 Among the vast number of specimens examined there are very few sexually immature individuals. Both sexes ordinarily attain maturity be- fore the carapax is 6™ in length, and the scarcity of immature speci- mens in the collections may be due to their small size causing them to be overlooked in the great mass of material brought up in the trawl. The largest females seen do not exceed 10™™" in length of carapax, and differ very little from the smallest in the form and proportions of chelipeds and ambulatory legs, though the carapax is a little broader in proportion and the spines with which it is armed are much lower, or reduced to tubercles, in the larger specimens. The males attain much greater size than the females, the carapax often exceeding 14™™ in length, and there is a very marked and constant increase in the size of the chelipeds, particularly in the height and the thickness of the body of the chele, well shown in the accompanying table of measure- ments. In both sexes there is considerable variation in the length of the spines of the carapax, even in specimens of the same size, and there is a marked decrease in the length of the spines with the growth of the individual. In large specimens the spines upon the orbital arches, upon the gastric, cardiac, and the summits of the branchial regions, and upon the basal segment of the abdomen, are usually reduced to low, and often inconspicuous, tubercles. The number and arrangement of the branchiw and epipods are indi- cated in the following formula: | Somite— H ; l he WNRUEAT wR TSS. Ps Walter b| VAL TI pl palexe ee Ser. SI) MELT. 1 SKVy. | eek eg | -|— aioe eae eee ‘Huipndkese 2 ete 1 0 | 1 | 0 0; O| 0 | 0 (2) . | H Podobranchiw.-..........: 0 1 1 0 | 0 07 0: 0!2 Arthrobranchiw.......-. 4 0 | 0 | 2 0 | 0 0 0 | Oreo Pleurobranchiw......... 0 0 | 0 | 2 1 TS 0 0\4 | | \ | -_-_- | | | | | | 8+ (2) I | L The sixth and seventh somites of the abdomen of the male are an- chylosed completely, as they are also in ELuprognatha rastellifera, Col- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 11 lodes depressus, CO. robustus, and Lispognathus furcatus, though neither Stimpson nor Milne-Edwards mentions it, and Milne-Edwards even apparently figures them as separate in EZ. rastellifera and C. depressus. Measurements in millimeters and hundredths of length of carapax. Station— 865 | 865 | 865 | 878 | 878 | 922 | 865 | 865 | 869 | 87 } SOX «0-2-2 --00e- eee ee gens eee nnn nooo a Fede ig aes kes a ts ea I Ne 9 Length ofcarapax, includingrostrum-| 3.2] 5.1] 5.6] 6.8 | 11.3 /§14.4| 5.8] 60); 7.2 9.5 Breadth of carapax, excluding spines.| 2.3/ 3.6) 4.1] 5.0] 89/120] 44) 45) 5.5 TT Same in hundredths of length of cara- | 72 71 73 74 79 83 76 for AG. 81 pax. Length of cheliped ..--......-..-.---. 4.0} 6.5] 7.5] 10.0 | 21.0] 29.0) 68) 7.0) 80) 11.8 Tenet of chela:+-..- 2... ..sn.2---- GO| OO: Mol eioasle gee pi kOnO | key Sul po. Galt as || Soil 47 Same in hundredths of length of cara- | 47 53 55 62 88 89 45 47 44 49 pax. HMGISnMOH eM olae =<. - cress ch oan ots 0.3) 0.6} 0.8) 13) 2.7] 3.6) 0.6].06] 0.7 1.0 Same in hundredths of length of cara- | 10 | 12 14 19 24 26 =| 10 10 | 10 1l pax. Length of dactylus .........---....... ONG) abso ASR 250 AO SON el ait SL See ON peaks Length of first ambulatory leg.--..... 5.7 | 11.0 | 13.0 | 16.0 | 32.0 | 35.0] 11.0] 85/13.5) 19.8 WeEnstOr PLrOpodus:..-+-2-s-ce0=-> ~~ - 15) 381) 35) 44) 95 /10.07) 28) 2.0) 3:3) 5.3 GENE RRUOn CAINAS 5-26 -<;.'5)--2. aa: v2o-'s POn | SeNOn Qn 2 east le Beas See NOU, Tabu 62) 2 3.3 Length of fourth ambulatory leg .....|.-.-.- | 80] 9.0] 10.8 | 20.0] 22.0! 90! 62/ 95] 140 Length of propodus..........-..--.00-|.----- Batt Dee oo (rasa | GO 2 oie AiG "OS BW “40 ORE HAO CAN PUS) sae are ae as sw aeeato 3-2 = ante a USAT af ip 2 Ee MAE ES fa esac sa Ga ee rd tS Le) | 1.8 3.0 *Immature specimens; the others all adult, the females with eggs, even in the case of the smallest. The first and fourth ambulatory legs in the immature female are apparently reproduced appendages, which may, perhaps, account for the retardation in the sexual development of the individual. The specimens in the Fish Commission collections and in the Blake collection of 1880 appear to agree much more closely with those origi- nally described by Stimpson and those figured and described by Milne- Edwards than they do with a few Caribbean specimens which I have examined and which were labeled by Milne-Edwards as this species and returned to the Museum of Comparative Zoology. These specimens, two males and five females, are trom the Blake collection of 1878~79, station 134, off Santa@Cruz, 248 fathoms, and, though fully adult, are all very much smaller than any other adult specimens examined. They are also considerably smaller than the specimens described by Stimpson or Milne-Edwards. The carapax is slightly narrower than in the north- ern specimens, with the tubercles of the surface larger and all the spines longer and more slender; the postorbital process is slender and spini- form instead of dentiform; there is a small conical spine, much more acute and more prominent than in the northern specimens, on the eye, at the emargination of the cornea; and the ambulatory legs are more slender and armed with small spiniform tubercles which are much more conspicuous than in the northern specimens. In the males the chele are proportionally larger, with the bodies stouter and more swollen; and in both sexes the chelw and other parts of the chelipeds are armed with larger and more seattered tubercles, many of which, especially on the carpus and merus, become spiniform and conspicuous. Some of these differences are well shown in the following measurements (in mil- 12 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. limeters and hundredths of length of carapax) of four of the specimens from off Santa Cruz: it 2 3. 4. ews eee Se STONE SS GO OUEE OE) MUGGED Ben or See SEE Oe SOEs BOO SE CHOSE SSS BOR acne sae fof 2 2 ene wh Of CArapax, including LOSLIMM accom --abece ess sceeph sansa ates canace | &3} 5&6) 5.4 6.0 Breadth of carapax, excluding spines)... . cc0cet scene nees eee tesco ee cese-> |} 36] 38) 3.9) 44 Name in hundred ths Ohlone cosw.s ose cite = sees some tenons cones See a= = aimee | 68 | 68 74 73 Ieensth of Gheliped!); s2.o-bae sn bene cawaec cet eneccaact coe vaaegeceee pees see beee | 8.0.) 9) 0) ibaveleeeee= eneth OL Ghee. << <cean-mcc case n hoc tes wanoc ecu beine wnemencteon seaneacsewoae } 8.4) <3. Geeta eee Same in hundredths of length of carapax..--.--..ce.sccccs oo- see cecccse----- 64 | 62 48s ries ee. HOHE OL Chel. a5. cece ecies vont cnncas ceveec eee cme ue seedone oe eeeeeee 0.8 | J.C R0Soalaaes = Same in hundredthsiof. length of, carapax: . 22 - ccs2e6 je wee seen ceases canede 115 18 ee be = hength ob dackylus <-.csstcsesgres ste owes eee paee cua weee nt conse es ceosgs 1126 | 7) ee eee These Caribbean specimens are apparently specifically distinct, but a series of specimens from different parts of the West Indian region would perhaps show them to be a geographical or local variety. Lispognathus furcatus A. M.-Edwards. Lispognathus furcatus A. M.-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, vii, p. 9, 1880. ? Lispognathus furcillatus A. M.-Edwards, Rapport sur la Faune sous-marine dans les grandes profondeurs de la Méditerranée et de l’Océan Atlantique (Arch. Missions Sci. et Littéraires, ix), pp. 16, 39, 1842 (no description). To this species I refer, with considerable hesitation, two specimens dredged off Martha’s Vineyard: Station 951, N. lat. 39° 57’, W. long. 70° 31/ 30, 225 fath., mud, Aug. 23, 1881 (male); station 1096, N. lat. 399 53’, W. long. 69° 47’, 317 fath., soft green mud, Aug. 11, 1882 (female carrying eggs). The carapax, excluding the rostral and lateral spines, is about four- fifths as broad as long in the male, and slightly broader and much thicker and more swollen in the female. The rostral horns are acicular, very slightly divergent, and slightly ascending, and in the male nearly three- tenths as long as the rest of the carapax. The three erect gastric and the postorbital spines are subequal and very slender and acute, and the postorbital spine each side is situated slightly in front of a line from the middle to the lateral gastric. The cardiac spine is considerably stouter and a little higher than the gastric spines, and either side of it on the dorsal part of the branchial region there is a much smaller erect spine, and on a line between this and the lateral gastric there is a similar spine in the female, but only a minute spine or tubercle in the male. There are two or three minute spines or tubercles on the protuberant superior lobe of the hepatic region, and about as many more back of these on the side of the branchial region, while on the inferior hepatic lobe, opposite the middle of the buccal area, there is a much larger spine directed downward, and back of this a smaller one, near the base of the cheliped. The supraorbital spine is slender and about as long as the gastric spines, and in the male the interantennular is fully as long, stouter, and directed downward and curved slightly forward. The basal PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13 segment of the antenna is irregularly armed beneath with small spines or teeth, and in the male with a slender spine at the distal end. The eyestalk is armed with a minute spine or tubercle in front, and above with a small tubercle at the emargination of the cornea. The exposed surface of the ischium and merus of the external maxillipeds is armed conspicuously with marginal and submarginal spines, of which one on the inner edge of the merus is very long. The chelipeds in the male are stout and nearly twice as long as the carapax, including the rostral horns; the merus is a little shorter than the chela and triquetral, with all three of the angles thickly armed with very long and slender spines; the carpus is rounded externally, but armed like the merus; the chela is longer than the carapax, excluding the rostral horns, and naked and unarmed except by a few spines along the proximal part of the dorsal edge; the body is stout and swollen, and the digits slightly shorter than the body, nearly straight vertically but strongly curved laterally, very much compressed, grooved longitu- dinally on the sides and on the rather broad dorsal edge of the dactylus, and the prehensile edges crenately serrate and in contact throughout. In the female the chelipeds are only about once and a half as long as the carapax, including the rostral spines, much more slender than in the male, and armed with proportionally longer spines; and the chela is much shorter than the carapax, excluding the rostral horns; the body is searcely at all swollen, and is armed with slender spines along both edges and with minute spines or tubercles on the sides, and the digits are proportionally longer and narrower than in the male. The ambulatory legs are very long and slender, clothed to the tips of the dactyli with numerous curved setiform hairs which persistently re- tain mud and other foreign substances, and each is armed with a slender spine on the upper side of the distal end of the merus. In the male the abdomen is much broader relatively to the sternum than in Huprognatha rastellifera, and has a low tuberculiform elevation on each somite. The first and second somites are narrow, the third broadest of all, the fourth and fifth successively a very little narrower, the fifth fully twice as broad as long, and the sixth and seventh consol- idated as in Huprognatha and Collodes, together much broader than long and very broad and obtuse at the tip. The appendages of the first somite reach nearly to the tip of the abdomen, and their tips are stout and curved outward very strongly. The eggs are numerous, nearly spherical, and approximately 0.6™™ in diameter in alcoholic specimens. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Measurements in millimeters. Station— 951. 1096. SOX ...-- 2-2-2 nn ee eee ee ee ce eee eee ee cen nen wenn ce nn nee cnn nececcnecennccccas rol Q Length of. carapax, including rostral spines. ... 22... eo occ ee ese ceennacnnc-aas 12.0 12+ Length of carapax, excluding rostral spines -...-.. none sane cw cen nen cn cnn ec cnscennes 9.3 10.8 Breadth OL cargoax, InGludine spines: o.0- hehe een cena ee eeees eee sees eee 7.6 9.6 Breadth of carapax, excluding spines. -.....-.-----...----+--- Baise teas WATS aes sar 7.6 9.3 Bresath of front between OLbits asc. sa ae ane ae ase en etele le eee een ee alee eee aae eee 2.0 2.1 Length of cheliped 23.0 19. 0 Wen Chhionchelacton spec s\sarkein nea stot a cnaemee 10. 0 8.0 Breadth\ot chola, excluding SPINA... ee sa ce shecenen meee sae esniann ne da ceseen saci as 3.1 2:1 ene thiob dachyingy= so sepee kites deician se newness ewan a elses ema ate eieleaeeate peatte 4.6 4.0 Lenoth of irstiambulatory lop. ssces see aac hes seee cee see eee eee weenie ss see ees 41.0 38. 0 JON POG 1) Oy OG (Pa RARE oa Sagas apie Sot be SS SoCCo bac ong oon SoseRnoesonbersocbae 13.5 12.0 Lica noe GaN Ws Seer sohecocsobeenpeeaddeT Obeho sche eahapc kd Joes sese sno ato cecsetindes 8.6 8.0 enet hier second ampulaporyiel so. demeaes cpiecana sas od acne see Seana aan enoes 37.0 34.0 HEN OCMOL PLrONOOUSracacs = eseeee ceca sooee seca sees eieieeoneae as BECRoG ASHE Aa nce 10.8 9.9 Menu OMdactylns =e eecien - ates ccaceh a a/-ne sense es tela eis cnintaiciera'= alana lols aise Rerarae aoe 7.0 6.8 Length of fourth ambulatory leg 31.0 30.0 Length of propodus 9.0 8.0 Length of dactylus 5.5 6.0 Lumbrus Verrillii Smith, Proc. National Mus., iii, p. 415, 1881. Specimens examined. a * | : No. of #peci- s = mens. Locality. ve T= S$ & 2 3 A # | Nature of bottom. 3 Be A | N: lat. W.long.| = 3) ee ve} a s ea s © = | A Ee - OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. | fo) / uf fe} / u 1880, 865 | 40 05 00 70 23 00 65 fne. S. M. Sept. 4 2) 0 872 | 40 05 39 70 23 52 86 | S.G.Sh. Sponges. | Sept. 4 3| 0 1881. 940 | 39 54 00 69 51 30 134 hrd. S§. Sponges. | Aug. 4 i Fal 949 | 40 03 00 70 30 00 100 yl. M. Aug. 23 | 2 950 | 40 O07 00 70 32 00 71 S. Sh. M. Aug. 23 | 4 2/0 Measurements in millimeters and hundredths of length of carapax. Station— 950 949 | 950 | 950 | 949 | 949 | 950 | 940 | 950 | 872 Yt i Sex -.-.----------- 2-22 2- eee eee eee eee ee fof of of fof Pita g 2 Length of carapax.. 20-2022 eeen ss 15.7| 16.7 | 17.3 | 20.5 | 2u.9 | 25.0 | 17.> | 18.5 | 20.4) 32.8 Breadth, including lateral spines ..... 19.3 | 20.0 | 20.9 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 31.2 | 20.7 | 22.3 | 25.0] 41.0 Same in hundredths of length ........ 123.4120. JJ2¥° 5 1222 W124 1125, 120) We ae eee Breadth, including lateral spines. ....- 17.0 | 17.3 | 18.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 27.2 | 17.8 | 19.5 122.0) 35.3 Length of phebped fully extended ...| 39.0 | 42.0 | 43.0 | 55.0 | 59.0 |.....- 40.0 | 48.0 | 50.0 | 85.0 Same in hundredths of length of |248 252 (249 |268 (282 |...-... 233 «260 «= (245 (259 carapax. | | Length of merus of cheliped ......... ‘ ae a D2S0 i ceases 14.0 16.3 | 18.0} 32.0 Length of propodus of cheliped 28.0 | vabaee 19.0 | 19.0 | 23.0} 39.0 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15 The specimens taken in 1881 are much smaller than the type speci- mens taken in 1880; none of the females are fully adult, and the largest males, though adult, are apparently not fully grown. The largest of the males differ very little from the females originally described, except that the chelipeds are proportionally a little larger. In the smaller specimens of both sexes there are rather fewer small tubercles upon the carapax, and the teeth of the lateral margins of the carapax and angles of the chelipeds are, perhaps, smaller and less lacineated proportionally, but the differences are very slight, and there is no approach to L. Pour- talesii as figured by A. Milne-Edwards. The accompanying table of measurements shows the slight variations in the proportions of the cara- pax and chelipeds better than description. In some specimens the chelipeds are slightly unequal, but in none conspicuously so, and when the difference was noticeable in the specimens measured the measure- ments of the cheliped were made from the larger one. CANCROIDA. Cancer borealis Stimpson. Taken off Martha’s Vineyard, in 1880, 1881, and 1882, at a great num- ber of the stations, in 51 to 317 fathoms, and also in shallow water ; off Delaware Bay, 1881, stations 1047 and 1049, 156 and 435 fathoms; and off Chesapeake Bay, 1880, stations 896, 897,899, and 901,18 to 157 fathoms. Most of the deep-water specimens taken by the Fish Com- mission are small, but much larger specimens, among them several from 100 to 130 millimeters in breadth of carapax, were taken in 1880, by Alexander Agassiz, on the Blake, off the Carolina coast, in 142 to 233 fathoms. The largest of these specimens were from, Blake station 314; ''N. lat. 32° 24’, N. long. 78° 44’, 142 fathoms. Cancer irroratus has not been taken in any of the deeper dredgings off Martha’s Vineyard, although it is a common littoral and shallow- water species on the whole New England coast, and was taken by Alex- ander Agassiz at several stations, in 65 to 178 fathoms, off the Carolina coast, even occurring with C. borealis at station 314, just mentioned. Geryon quinquedens Smith. Trans. Conn. Acad., vy, p. 35, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1879; Proc. National Mus., iii, p. 417, 1881; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, x, p. 6, 1862. Specimens examined. 2 : No. of speci- 3 S mens. Locality. a - & 1 earape 7 a Nature of bottom. a) | S N. lat. W. long. a | ps > ' i] Be a A e | Station No. OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. (= th a ° 1 hae 1880. 881! 39 46 30 70 54 00 325 | M. Sept. 13 1 893 | 49 52 20 70 53 00 372 sft. bn. M.sml.St. | Oct. 2 1 0 16 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Specimens examined—Continued. z | a : No. of speci- 3 = mens. Locality. = = S & e ; Fi = | Nature of bottom. Ss ee =| g a} ° f 3 N. lat. W. long. | F eve = = o ae = a A = = OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD Continned. °o ‘ “ ° ‘ a 1881. 937 | 39 49 25 69 49 00 | 616 gn. S. M. Aug. 4| 4 945 39 58 00 71 13 00 207 gn. M.S Aug. 9 1 1 0 946 | 39 55 30 71 14 00 247 gn. M.S Aug. 9 1 0 947 39 53 30 71 13 30 319 S. M | Aug. 9 2 2 0 952 39 55 00 70 28 00 396 yl. M. S Aug. 23 1 0 994 39 40 00 71 30 00 368 M Sept. 8 1 1029 | 39 57 06 69 16 00 | 458 yl. M.S, Sept. 14] 1 1882. 1124, 40 01 00 68 54 00 640 fne. 8. gn. M Aug. 26| 3 2 1 1125; 40 03 00 68 56 00 ; 291 S. M. Aug. 26 1140 39 34 00 71, 56. 00! ||) (374 sft. M. P. Sept. 8| 7 2 0 1142 | 39 32 00 72 00 00 322 S. M. P. Sept. 8 1 ae 0 1143 |} 39 29 00 72 01 00 452 sft. M. Sept. 8! 1 OFF DELAWARE BAY. 1881. 1049 | 88 28 00 73 22 00 435 M. Oct. 10.| 2 if In the Blake dredgings of 1880 the species was taken at the following stations : Station. N. lat. W.long. | Fathoms. Specimens. | oO ’ u" oO ’ “ 325 33 35 20 26:2740) 7 10 647 1g 332 385 45 30 74 48 #O 263 2c 334 gf 38 20 30 | 73 26 40 395 22 337 38 20 8 73 23 20 740 Fragments only. 343 39 45 40 | 70 55 O 732 3 2 with eggs. - 309 40 11 40 68 22 0 304 1 del el a 312 39 50 45 102, AL 10 466 lg This species grows to be by far the largest brachyuran in our waters. The largest specimen which I have seen is from the Blake collection of 1880, and was taken off Cape Hatteras. This specimen, measurements of the carapax of which are given in the last line of the following table of measurements, is more than six inches across the carapax and two feet across the outstretched legs. Very large individuals differ considerably from the specimens originally described. In all the large specimens the teeth of the antero-lateral margin of the carapax become reduced to an- gular tubercles, and in some of the larger ones the fourth tooth- becomes entirely obsolete. Specimens of the same size vary much, particularly the larger ones, in the prominence of the anterolateral teeth, so that the pro- pertional breadth of the carapax, including the teeth or spines, varies much more than the breadth excluding the teeth or spines, as shown in the table of measurements. This variation is partially due to the wearing away of the teeth, which probably takes place rapidly on account of the softness of the exoskeleton, which is much less caleareous than usual, the branchial regions of the carapax being so soft as to be readily bent or indented with the finger, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. rf Vol. VI, No.2. Washington, D.C. June 18, 1883. Measurements of the carapax in millimeters and lengths of carapax. | : Length of | Breadth, includ- | Breadth, exclud- Station. | Sex. | “Carapax. ing teeth. ing teeth. Mm. Mm. Length.| Mm. Length. . 32 1142 rol 11.7 15.5 = 1 1359 —— edo 947 fof 23.0 30.5 = 1.33 20so—— 1,20) 952 fof 33.0 42.0 = 1.27 36.3 = 1.10 1049 fof 35. 3 44.4 = 1.26 39.0 = 1.10 947 fof 37.0 46.5 = 1.26 42.0 = 1.14 1140 fof 43.7 poi. == 1528 50.0 = 1.14 1140 fof 46. 9 61.3 = 1.31 53.0 = 1.13 1140 fof 95. 0 113.0 = 1.20 108.0 = 1.14 994 ref 97.0 114.0 = 1.18 105.0 = 1.08 937 fof 100. 0 117.0 = 1.17 109: 0 = 1.09 1029 ros 102.0 123.0 = 1.21 116.0 = 1.14 1140 fof 103.0 120: 0). 15 17, 113310) — 110 1143 rofl 103. 0 124.0 = 1.20 115.0 = 1.11 1140 ros 106. 0 125.0 = 1.18 117.0 = 1.10 937 rofl 106. 0 12650) 3519 115.0 = 1.08 1049 of 114.0 132.0 — 1.16 124.0 = 1.09 937 rol 114.0 133.0 = 1.17 125.0 = 1.09 1140 fof 114.0 129.0 = 1.13 123.0 = 1.08 937 fof 115. 0 134.0 = 1.17 125.0 = 1.09 1142 Q 11.2 15.5 = 1.38 1239 — 4210 1049 g 7 15.4 = 1.32 14.0 = 1.20 1142 g a AY 155) laos 13. 9 = 1.19 1142 % 15. 2 22.2 = 1.46 Lied 14 1142 Q 15. 6 21.1 = 1.35 17.5 = 1.12 947 g 37.0 48.4 = 1.31 42.0 = 1.14 1142 Q 66. 0 80.0 = 1.21 73.0 = 1.10 946 g 69.0 85.0 = 1.23 78.5 = 1.14 1140 ie) 95. 0 110.0 = 1.16 104.0 = 1.09 332 fof 130. 0 152.5 = 1.17 144.0 = 1.11 Bathynectes longispina Stimpson. Bathynectes longispina Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, ii, p. 146, 1870 (young ¢); A. M.-Edwards, Crust. Région Mexicaine, p. 234, pl. 42, fig. 1, 1879 (young ¢); Smith, Proc. National Mus., ili, p. 418, 1881. Bathynectes brevispina Stimp., loc. cit., p. 147, 1870 (large 9); A. M.-Edwards, op. cit., p. 235, 1879 (= Stimpson). Specimens examined. Z 3 No. of speci- S = mens. : Locality. 3 3 z | Nature of bottom. a A B N. lat. W.long. | « = 2 es »~ o fos 2 a g s Be = n A E = OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. ° ’ “ ° ‘ au 1880. 871 | 40 02 54 70 28 40 115 fne. S. M. Sept. 4 Pane lasce 872} 40 06 39 70 23 52 86 | S.G.Sh.sponges. | Sept. 4 DVealerse 874 | 40 00 00 70 57 00 85 sft. M. Sept. 13 | ly. Seare 879 | 39 49 30 70 54 00 225 S. bu. M. Sept. 13 LY.) |e one Proc. Nat. Mus. 883———2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Specimens examined—Continued. Z 5 No. of speci 5 = mens ; Locality. = 3 5 a Nature of bottom. 3 Eo a | N.lat. W.long. | 5 = @ = > Oo ro g a ce : ot ae oo oO 7) 5 = | E OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD —Continued. fo} / ” ° ‘ us 1881. 940 | 39 54 00 69 51 30 134 hrd. S. sponges. Aug. 4/1 would 1038 | 39 58 00 70 06 00 146 S. Sh. Sept. 21 | 1 Saha 1882. 1097 | 39 54 00 69 44 00 158 Fne. S. Aug. 11} 1 1152 39 58 00 70 385 00 115 S. Oct. 4.) 3 OFF DELAWARE BAY. 1881, 1043 | 38 39 00 73 11 00 139 Ss. Oct. 10 2); 0 Stimpson’s B. longispina was based on very young males, the length of carapax in his measurement of a single specimen being equal to 14.5™", and the B. brevispina on a very large female in which the carapax was 49™™" in length. A. Milne-Edwards’s specimens were evi- dently small, although he apparently translates the measurements given by Stimpson and does not indicate the exact size of the speci- men figured. In the series of specimens which I have examined the largest are connected with the smallest by a complete series, and though none of the specimens are as large as the type of Stimpson’s brevispina, the larger ones, both male and female, approach if closely enough in the length of the lateral spines of the carapax, etc., to make it clear that the forms described by Stimpson belong to the same species. The accompanying table of measurements will show this quite as well as any description. In specimens shortly after being placed in alcohol, and before the colors had changed materially from those in life, the dorsum of the cara- pax was dull red, the color being almost wholly upon the tubercles and granules, while the ground between was grayish, though the spines and teeth of the margin were brighter red than the general surface from a slight deposit of color between the tubercles and granules. The ven- tral surface of the carapax, the antennule, antenne, external maxillipeds, sternum, abdomen, and the proximal portions of the ambulatory legs were pale red or tinged with red. The chelipeds were specked and slightly mottled with red; the terminal third of the digits scarlet, some what obscured at the tips by blackish. The meral and carpal segments of the first three pairs of ambulatory legs, and the meral, carpal, and propodal segments of the posterior pair were specked and mottled with scarlet; the propodal segments of the first three pairs, except a narrow band at the distal end, and the whole of the dactyli of all four pairs were bright scarlet. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 19 Measurements in millimeters and hundredths of length of carapaz. Station— 871 879 874 | 1125 | 1038 | 940 | 1043 | 1043 DE AC BERR SSr ee 5 SOLA aeRO BCS ane epee Yng.| Yng.| cy. o oe o g Length of carapax, including frontal teeth..| 8.9 9.8} 13.3] 21.7] 23.2) 29.8) 26.3) 35.5 Length of carapax, excluding frontal teeth .| 8.6 9.5) 12.8) 21.0) 22.4] 28.7] 25.7 | 34.0 Breadth of carapax in front of lateralspines.| 10.3 | 11.5 | 15.8 | 26.2] 28.0] 37.0| 314) 42.7 Same in hundredths of length first given -.-.| 116. 117. 119. 121. 121. 124. 119. 120. Breadth of carapax, including lateral spines.| 16.2 | 17.0} 24.2 |) 40.8] 43.8 | 56.0) 46.0) 65.0 Length of Jateral spines ..................-- 3.3 3.0 5.0 8.7 9.3 | 10.8 7.3 | 12.0 Length of right cheliped...........-.--..--. 14.0} 15.0] 21.0.) 35.0] 39.0] 53.0) 44.0] 60.0 LEE TPR OICCLYG) Fe Ae Bs perc Dec Eso oce Seabees ant 8.0 | 11.3] 19.0) 21.3 | 285) 23.6) 32.0 Pee ne OM ONOlararsab fesceasan one =\=sec07-s =e 2.7 2.9 3.8 6.7 7.9] 10.3 83] 12.0 PEG MUM OGMACGVLUS -iocin cca csscise cecescade aes 3.7 3.8 6.0 9.0) 10.7) 14.38] 12.0] 16.8 Length of left cheliped.........-.....--.---. MSEo |) Wao |e SsOMtess. 0) poe saee 51.0°| 42.5] 57.0 eno ORHAN. oa--\sosastecodasce=-eesaces 7.5 7.6 OSH, W823) keene 27.5 | 23.0 | 31.0 DELETE ADIGE LLG) I Se A ee ee 2.5 2.8 2.5 CEU ie Sac ne OL et |antOag Geneth omdaciylns) 2... - eos abeccececanee 3.7 4.0 6.7 Ones see nL aa ge Ue Lr AC) Length of third ambulatory leg. -..-...-..-- 22.0] 25.0} 35.0] 52.0] 60.0] 72.5] 64.0) 75.0 Length of fourth ambulatory leg...-.-...--- 14.0] 15.0] 21.0] 33.0] 38.5| 46.5) 41.0] 55.0 Men euendachylnG =~. -)-— -wcccsaasaccsconss 4.4 4:6) \/teacisstc C2 oy i fa fa USA VE es Beal ay Breadthot dactylus: ...2-. 525.2 --+-2..-52-- 1.2 TEARS oo 3.7 4.3 5.4 5.0 7.0 OXYSTOMATA. Acanthocarpus Alexandri Stimpson. Although this species occurred in considerable abundance in the dredgings off Martha’s Vineyard in 1880, being taken at seven out of the fourteen stations in between 50 and 200 fathoms, it was taken but once in 1881, station 944, 128 fathoms, and was not taken at all in 1882. In the living specimens taken in 1881 the dorsal surface of the carapax and chelipeds was pale reddish orange, deepest in color upon the eleva- tions of the carapax and upon the bases of the carpal spines of the cbelipeds; while the carapax beneath, the sternum, abdomen, and the under surfaces of the chelipeds and ambulatory legs were white, very slightly tinged with reddish. Myropsis quinquespinosa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, ii, p. 157, 1870 ; A. M.-Edwards, ibid., viii, p. 21, 1880. Station 941, N. lat. 40° 1’, W. long. 69° 56’. A single very large male, which gives the following measurements : Millimeters. Length of carapax, including frontal lobes and posterior spine....-..---.------ 37.0 Length of carapax, excluding frontal lobes and posterior spine ......--..-.-.-- 34. 0 Breadth of carapax, including lateral tubercles..-.-.--...----..----.---------- 31.4 Breadth of carapax, excluding lateral tubercles...............--.-------------- 31.0 UMMC HO INCU psc e te ace ences ak sa cae ster ese emesis eee sas sete kee sete 75. 0 ce les eION UE te ss S253 38 Se NEL DLE SU 5k tees SS Se Pee S255 [LETS Faye PE MD eS eee ee ae ee eS Fy en aS re aS eae 34.8 RM ERICA RMS oo 21h Said ag wadiSuig bain ous vin Gtle Sew beet oni beeuiwetin dlp - 21.0 ECL SMTSU ADI RUOTY LOD. on anion ss nin wna nde wen sep kst sacnn= -0n os packs 56. 0 SPHERE OL DOSUCLION AMPULSGOTYOL --- cccced sas ceeicien ascens snwcusicetcuc cosoes 36. 0 In life the dorsal surface of the carapax and the chelipeds and ambu- latory legs are pale orange red. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Cymopolia gracilis, sp. nov. This species, of which only one specimen has been obtained, resembles C. cursor, A. Milne-Edwards (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, viii, p. 29, 1880), in the great length of the second pair of ambulatory legs, but is at once distinguished by the much smoother carapax without tubercles on the posterior margin, by the broad sinuses of the superior margin of the orbit, and by the conspicuously hook-shaped tips of the first pair of abdominal appendages of the male. Male.—The front is deeply divided by a sharp median sinus, and is slightly and obtusely bilobed either side, with the inner lobes much more prominent than the lateral. The orbit is very broad and open above. The superior margin is armed with two small teeth, separated from each other and from the inner and outer angles of the orbit by rounded sinuses, of which the inner is very broad and nearly semicircular ; the middle and outer successively smaller; the outer angle is triangular and a little less prominent than the outer suborbital lobe, which is dentiform and separated from it by a shallow sinus; and the inner sub- orbital process (which is also the dorsal wall of the efferent branchial passage) is narrow, rounded at the tip, reaches nearly as far forward as the lobes of the front, and is separated from the outer suborbital lobe by a very broad and rounded sinus. The antero-lateral margin is un- armed, except by a small dentiform tubercle on the anterior part of the branchial region in place of the sharp tooth in C. cursor. The dorsal surface of the carapax is naked, minutely granulated, and armed with a very few low and obtuse tubercles. There are three faintly indicated tubercles on the middle of the gastric region; two, the largest of all, surmount a transverse ridge on the anterior part of the cardiac region ; on either side, and nearly in line with these, are two smaller ones on the branchial region, above and back of the dentiform marginal tubercle already referred to; and in front of these two small ones there is a slight but scarcely tuberculiform elevation. The eyes are large, the greatest diameter equaling nearly a third the length of the carapax, reniform, and bear upon the upper side of the stalk, near the cornea, two or three minute elevations, which are much less conspicuous than the tubercles similarly situated in C. cursor. The chelipeds are slightly longer than the breadth of the carapax, and the chele are slender, naked, and nearly smooth, and the long, compressed, and very slender digits hooked at the tips and serrate along the prehensile edges. The first ambulatory leg is nearly twice as long as the breadth of the carapax, very slender, naked, and nearly smooth, except a very few minute granular tubercles near the base of the merus, and the dactylus is nearly as long as the propodus, sub- cylindrical, regularly tapered and slightly curved. The second ambu- latory leg is apparently more than twice as long as the first; the merus reaches nearly to the tip of the first leg, is tapered distally, and is armed with a few minute teeth near the distal end of the posterior edge PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21 and along the anterior and dorsal surface with small granular tubercles which become obsolete distally, are much less conspicuous than in C. cursor, and not definitely arranged in several longitudinal lines as in that species; the carpus is about two-fifths as long as the merus, slender and unarmed; the dactylus and the distal part of the propodus are wanting. The third ambulatory leg is a little longer than the first, fully as slender, and very much like it in lack of ornamentation and in the proportions of the segments. The posterior ambulatory legs are shorter than the merus in the third, and very slender. The abdomen is unarmed externally. The first pair of appendages reach to the second sternal somite, and the distal part of each appendage is straight to near the tip, which is curved outward and backward in a semicircular, blunt-pointed hook, and armed on the outer edge at the | base of the hook with a conspicuous tooth. Station 878, off Martha’s Vineyard, 1880, N. lat. 39° 55’, W. long. 70° 54’ 15”, 142 fath., fine sand and mud; one specimen. The measure- ments in the first column of the accompanying table are from this speci- men, while those in the second column are taken from one of the type specimens of C. cursor. Measurements in millimeters and hundredths of length of carapax. C. gracilis. | C. cursor. Sb sags cece ob Saas SHS Hes Se Sea BSS CAA ee SESE SSRIS esa ie ef rot Length of carapax, including frontal teeth ... ieee 5.0 6.5 Greatest breadth of carapax -................. 7.0 8.7 Same in hundredths of length ..--..-.--.....- 140 134 eaenniOl GHOUPCO 20 .- coaccei oe sc-ccasesnceps he are ays: oe ete er Beeiee mtn 2) me eliring= olaie nano nla! du daniaininls Sato te ace 3.1 3.6 et aN ee ae eer omar (ae eeam ea mn pene aa geen wen aeenanaa sane 0.7 0.8 REP eae OIA eee renie oo ec aeis o acum ee swanied eames olde oe acme ciascl 1.8 1.9 Prana OU AL elt DMA LOL WOOP \ oo a. dencoe ae ca=naascne=soscemecsesscascsauconed 13. 0 11.5 Ee MUI NIG Bere Oe as ees o tos ccc erat cae sum -\edanas cldce steese eee saaes 4.5 3.8 aaa Pet UN Sone an seen oe a acces sat nance cine encn saeane res soetster eran 3.1 3.2 Cui ti ee De" FEY ye a 55 BESS Oa eR ee oo SAE Ener 3.0 3.0 enethiof second ambulatory leg ~--- 22... 2.2220 oo eam occ on nen sense see se- ea 5s ae 30.0 Sasa MAIC TENT ee af SCS) a naaulein'g ooo cnin cade Me awocwlenn tebe cokes stole omine boas 11.0 10.5 RE OC EU DUS (ie os Ie oe oie on one se saos stece ss scckee cds cuatesees <u Saeces ze ~ 4.2 4.7 PE DNPOt SHEA POUUS cc c6 caso a= cick qomnscinee < cosqcen ocbareeecceaewsmocnse sek ous | 9.0 enpth of dactylus ....-2....-:...... Se Fee Sables eee onicuapino eae sue canescens 5.4 Length of third ambulatory leg ...........---..-- 18. 0 Length of merus....-. 5.5 Length of Pp owedus 5.5 eNO Of MACUVIUG).2--2..0.>-2<-2-esiemaaeceese> ie ae 3.7 Meneinon tonreh ambulatory leg: co. 105. foe sac cennccctanetiesscncsscsuee-- 5.5 In C. cursor the teeth of the superior margin of the orbit are much larger than in gracilis and the sinuses smaller and more triangular. The anterior-lateral margin projects in a dentiform tubercle on the hepatic region, and back of this on the anterior part of the branchial region there is an acute and prominent tooth directed somewhat forward, and a smaller but acute tooth, just back of its base.* The first pair of *There is evident confusion in regard to the armament of the antero-lateral margin in Milne-Edwards’s description aboye referred to, for he says, ‘‘ Le bord latéral ne porte pas des dents, en avant du sillon post-hépatique les régions branchiales sont pourvues des quelques gros tubercules sur leur bord.” I have examined four of the original specimens of C. cursor returned to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and they all have the antero-lateral margin armed, as here described, but agree in all other re- spects with Milne-Edwards’s brief description. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. abdominal appendages of the male are fully as long as in gracilis, but the tips are slender and styliform instead of hooked. Ethusa microphthalma Smith, Proc. National Mus., iii, p. 418, 1881. Station 921, off Martha’s Vineyard, N. lat. 40° 7/ 48”, W. long. 70° 43/ 54”, 67 fath. (13,12); station 1047, off Delaware Bay, N. lat. 38° 31, W. long. 73° 21’, 156 fath. (1 ¢). The original specimen was from station 878, off Martha’s Vineyard, N. lat. 89° 55’, W. long. 70° 54/15”, 142 fath. The female from station 921 is fully adult, but does not differ essen- tially from the immature female from which the species was originally described; in this fully adult specimen the antero-lateral angles of the carapax, however, project farther forward, reaching a little beyond the spines of the front, and the ambulatory legs are apparently propor- tionally longer and have proportionally slightly longer and narrower dactyli. The two males differ very remarkably from one another, and are pos- sibly distinct species. The one from station 921 is only slightly larger than the immature female (from station 878) and differs very little from it in the proportions of the carapax, the form of the front, or in the eyes, external oral appendages, or ambulatory legs, except that the first and second pairs are proportionally longer, with slightly longer and narrower dactyli. The chelipeds, however, are very unequal. The left is slender throughout, and like those of the female, while the right, though very little longer than the left, has a very stout and swollen chela. The right merus is much like the left, but considerably stouter; the carpus is much stouterthan the left, and considerably swollen; and the chelais more than twice as thick as the left, smooth and naked throughout, the body longer than the digits and much swollen, and the digits tapered to the tip, the prehensile edges somewhat oblique and unarmed. The male from station 1047, though of about the same size as the other, has a narrower carapax, distinctly longer than broad, but with the front abso- lutely broader; the ambulatory legs are considerably shorter, and with slightly broader dactyli; and the chelipeds are equal, and like the left one of the other male, except that they are very slightly shorter, and with proportionally slightly shorter chelz. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 23 Measuremenis in millimeters. 2 Station— 921 | 1047 | 921 Su? cos Sees eCe te Sato ipsa ASSO aee SO Ba ooaes Wale spain lo eich iia ele aeace sconce rol of Q Length of carapax, including median frontal spines.-.-.............--.--...--------- 14.8 | 15.0} 22.0 Aerpatest:OLEad Uh OMGArHN AK © 5 [enc cs ccd sina cca dameaannee ack Ges amencuteaenaee 15.0 | 14:1 | 22.6 Breadth between antero-lateral spines ....-.....-.. Upp iainiarel eetasinio si odadal Gaol L050 Breadth between tips of inner angles of orbital sinuses .-.-.- «| 1355" s847 4.4 eneaer ebb cheliped <6 .2.5- << las eases vos e se ncne nee 23.5 | 20.0] 29.0 MOB HN OL: GBI en aninc asics casaciaccmas ceses ee eben te 10.0 | 84} 12.2 Breadth of chela .... FV Pac Sis yy eR E 2.7 TUS ECR ENA DHE Cf LC Sp ee Se Ee 8 a a SS ape Te hee Pe ee er a ae 5.0] 4.5 Tao Pate Urea LUE DOO Jae gE we foal Eo oc Sone cle inn cown'sn) maluwawenesesasiaadacs 22.0 | 20.0} 29.0 tein UM OUIO ORE nes aa cies iam case s Soe cine oc seine dooney wee ates ahs ans Aun baeaesae 9.2} 85] 12.4 ESEMU IER NOUS STE Sets oats 2 st ais werd ha Scleminan seats Se na aepatenedulds caccueveowas 2.0} 2.0 2.6 LLU SL it TEe ds a ee i a Sa are BN Oe RP UALS i Re 1S 8 5 5.0 | 4.5 7.4 MEIN TY OUACCONU AMD CMO YOM. | ac. lasek Say els olec nas oad Wowie ceces cee seccees 50.0 | 45.0 | 68.0 ETMSU RMB TODDONG 2a sees ues ane nh otbscacdeacmeaak dace comic ce caveueoe sede uen ee 12.0 | 10.5} 15.3 JLT Gila erie GONG ain TE eR ee mR RE i el 14.4 | 12.0} 20.5 ienpimoniourtin ambulatory lept¢.. 03. 825.5. 2 Sos ou ek ecco oo canes veccee eet 19.5 | 19.0} 25.0 Mite MM UBMEOHOULUB Ac oats dcis care nacisccus ine cou ae stiowe vcemerece snes tos cese seee eee 4.0 | 4.0 5.0 HGONP HAE VOACUYING oo. vies casio aneeteescecsosscs Gasaco casas ttanoses Hbcnscado shee 1.6 | 1.6 2.0 In life, the carapax, the proximal part of the abdomen, the chelipeds, and first and second ambulatory legs, are pale orange, the color deepest on the chelew and the propodi and dactyli of the ambulatory legs; the rest of the animal is grayish white and more pubescent than the more brightly colored parts. ANOMURA. LATREILLIDEA. Latreillia elegans Roux. Specimens examined. a : A : No. of speci- 3) "5 mens. yf Locality. a = S a & ae Pa = | Nature of bottom. 3 | =p A é & | w. lat. W. long. | ‘5 - | 2 3 + oO S 2 a e a a Fa a A = e OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. ° , “ ° , au” 1880. 872 | 40 05 39 70 23 52 86 | S.G.Sh. sponges. | Sept. 4 3] 0 874| 40 00 00 70 57 00] 85 sft. M. Sept. 13 | fragm. 1881. 940 | 39 54 00 69 51 30) 184| hrd.S. sponges. | Aug. 4 | 8 10| 5 1027 | 40 00 00 69 19 00 93 fne. S. Sept. 14 | 1 OFF DELAWARE BAY. 1881. 1043 | 38 39 .. rgihmo 6 heh 130 Ss. Oct. 10 bo 24 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. HOMOLIDEA. Homola barbata White ex Fabricius. Specimens examined. D — 3 S o 1 Locality. c= 8 iF, = | Nature of bottom. = -— ° 5 N. lat. W. long. a a E : oO nD A E OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. ° ‘ “ul fo} / a“ 1880. 872 | 40 05 39 70 23 52 86 8.G.Sh. Sponges..| Sept. 4 | | 1881. 940} 39 54 00 69 51 30 134 | hrd. S. sponges....- Aug. 4 949 | 40 03 00 70 31 00 TOO} | ylo Moers ae ane Aug. 23 OFF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 1880. 896 | 37 26 00 74 19 00 SGH ISH. Suseat=ceacud ues Nov. 16 899 | 37 22 00 74 29 00 YO S aoee coy deeione @casdOwee OFF DELAWARE BAY. 1881. 1043 | 38 39 00 73 11 00 LGM eS esa sniaesnegmee Oct. 10 1046 | 388 33 00 73 18 00 TC ES hepaS tener: Ceraer cic Be eee No. of speci- mens. 1 +0 | With eggs. Ne rare This species is also reported from the Straits of Florida and off Bar- bados, by A. Milne-Edwards (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, Cambridge, viii., p. 33, 1880). Four specimens give the following measurements in millimeters: Station— 1046 1046 940 SPkivons acted Sake tare he soe eek ol Sed Pk ae eR oe pe ae fof fof Length of carapax including frontal spines ..-..............-...---- 20.3 22.0 24.5 Length of carapax excluding frontal spines ...... ......----.------- 19. 6 21.2 23.4 Breadth of carapax including spines ... ........e0-0.-secceecese----| 17.0 17.5 19. 0 Greatest breadth anteriorly excluding spines...........-.---..------ 15.3 15. 2 17.8 Greatest breadth posteriorly excluding spines..............--------- 15. 2 15. 2 17.0 Length of Euan Bismisiniehe'siemicsiocios @as—aceciGwaniops sales heaaee see eee 33.0 40.0 51.0 HON EMO MCHELA = cas ce see wo ca ees ce wcia oe we chte cae ae ee oe eee eee 14.0 16.0 21.0 HeIeNONGhEla so Ba S55. Se CAS SSeS SE ee 5.0 6.0 6.5 Henmenondactylus is o.st cence corse cscs ss conus teehee coer ee eee eee 7.0 7.4 9.0 denen oLthind ambulatory leg cance ssceses chee enene ceeeuee eee eee 45. 0 45.0 58. 0 Length of a ey Gislware ibloio/e siaistie'eio clo de sictele deratee Saw e eiterene aero mee Ua llrg 11.8 15.5 enethiotancty las) 22s. ee oe eke eee Ua 8.8 8.6 1.2 mensehtot tourmambulatory lege: 2ss-essccsc ene nec eee eeoen eee eee 28. 0 30.0 34.0 eno uno pNOpOdUs =. Ses ce he ciccmsoe sae selec eee eee soot an ene eee 7.0 7.5 8.5 Men GOR dachy lus): cose sak eee ee LE! Nei See ee 3. 0 3.2 3.8 RANINIDEA. Lyreidus Bairdii Smith, Proc. National Mus., iii, p. 420, 1881. No specimens of this species have been taken since 1880. Hm bi no no not 940 WOME AMAA ODN MWSSSCASCNMAS-1ISSS en PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25 . PORCELLANIDEA. Porcellana Sigsbeiana A. M.-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, viii, p. 35, 1880. Station 940, off Martha’s Vineyard, N. lat. 39° 54’, W. long. 69° 51’ 30’, 134 fathoms. A single male, which, as the following measurements show, is much larger than the specimens described by Milne-Edwards: Millimeters. Parsee UOTE CAN MYA Nees eae nce eile etaioavtalsints aiwsismaisia/niaiclsijaisiniv a cln sie)m/<iaia oiwasioce eae 13.0 [raha Leah @pmnrer. 6 Sa Se BEBE aes EASE so necosoreoroo pag to SAdCSDe OnoCabie sersee 11.6 Jeaiiven i GiPameclive clare bial os So eGR eS ORS AGH BES Ror egocre pebods saebos ere = 25.0 IA OH CHE ae ole 15a asin a sic ala aeidadbaneee onadacunaea wad acna eleanor 6.6 ADE CUP AID “Sb RSS S GSO AGE URGE AGE EGEES CSU HEES Bags sooner Geeeso coe pe spener 13.0 PONE GT GLE LE Berea eR BE SSSS Soc e SOB SOed oe AGEs EAN ARGR BEES ace cease 4.8 Lagan Gif GRY NITE ESS 206 GEE eB eriS S05 SHOE SOUS CEE N=0 ED SE Sniouonia qscesrsSeesne 5.0 Met Eeth CHONDOU onctc cn cat cen vena co tneca ste mans cagwsnichness\den==s aeons 26.0 Length of carpus. -...-.- 22. cceens acces concen conn cere n scenes cnc cns cnee soeeee 6.5 SURES EINE AS Se a PRA es oR mtg een Ee rSe eeu 14.5 EEE Bia iis oe hats toe an! om nisin oo Oa a aaa ww Panne a Saeeelee nos 5.7 Ee EORTC LVS cece nate cloln alate ainios tos aise ae ania mine hana ai oawejaneinen amiesmora= 4.5 LITHODIDEA. Lithodes maia Leach. A fine specimen of this northern species was taken at station 1125, off Martha’s Vineyard, N. lat. 40° 3’, W. long. 68° 56’, 291 fath., sand and mud. It gives the following measurements in millimeters: SER a cee OS DIRE ET OEE Peat aD ERA ep OEE ce en EE gay Sir els gre Bam g Length of carapax, including rostrum and posterior spines.......--...-.------ 83 Length of carapax, excluding rostrum and posterior spines..-....-....---.---- 55 Breadth of carapax between tipsof hepatic spines ..--- pehaa tes cnc ee cuca cee 47.3 Breadth of carapax between tips of branchial spines..........-..----..0..-.- 76.4 Greatest breadth of carapax, excluding spines ...-..---...---..------.--...-- 53.5 EN PORLPINM fat ob oo nee ae on ecco soo secs ten sedans aewanlac chien wena e eae 26.5 Pee MOM ont CHUOMIpPOlin saci 74-0 ccoaelsmew ea lcisce selon dame) = aie cee eee 86 Meterotmiont Cl sins oo. se occice Saco cina cision ssa cleccee Seceeor@eecie soe eee 33 Pe ME Cane DiC HOLA on SN ee ale niiacd= Sais nie win tapsp emeaas a vicmmign Ses aiiciciete LBA SE Peerenmien ULcy los. Of TICht Chola... so0 cis a acw ck oe pce eene cece cedaanneeae 18.6 PPE EMREEL CHOUDOU Le J oc aa 4 xjaae's's sess Unita slnetseetce sap oey auecns aod eae 88 PE PRIOCOHEIS waco. Sdn coe 2a sas An gin minseip aes qaensna ace veeae toaeMoaae 31 MEME SIO HO) Be oe Sara Sslo bil che a was eae natune, so cae tan oan coke oebelp tes 8.8 PPrPer Garb yins Of Lett CHES <i. asic ceeldeniide oiinci nce cwe coceececcasncmaceae 19 Pee GthG AU DWIALOLY IER 52. 62. cece cnwsns maces oe nca> oc cunid Secisue acs 150 Herriot second ambulaury leg... s,cceu sco cicadsce ssocem neem casece sac nce 155 Pee se TAIT MP ULALOLY LOM os. — <5 occ cen cnu coe nec ecdodesencerwccaceoegeces 153 Grestesuexpanse of ambulatory legs. <....---5 2 se ceaececlsscccs basccdaces's 325 Lithodes Agassizii Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, x, p.8, pl. 1, 1882. Two very small, immature specimens of this interesting species were taken off Martha’s Vineyard in 1881, station 1028, N. lat. 39° 57’, W. long. 69° 17’, 410 fath., yellow mud; and station 1029, N. lat. 39° 57/ 6’, W. long. 69° 16’, 458 fath., yellow mud. Another immature speci- men. and two adult females were taken by Alexander Agassiz on the Blake, in 1880; the immature specimen at station 305, N. lat. 41° 33! 26 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15”, W. long. 65° 51’ 25’, 810 fathoms ; the two females off the Carolina coast, stations 526 and 329, 464 and 603 fath. The species is allied to L. maia and L. antarctica in having no scale _ and only a single spine at the base of the antenna, and in the general form and armament of the carapax and appendages, but differs from them both conspicuously in the rostrum, which is rather short and tri- spinous, with the lateral spines nearly as long as the rostral spine itself. The spines upon the carapax and appendages are more numerous and much more acute than in LZ. maia, and the marginal spines of the cara- pax are not very much larger than the dorsal. The two adults differ remarkably from each other, and from the immature specimens, in the number and length of the spines upon the carapax and legs, the spines being fewer and very much longer and more slender in the small specimens than in the adults, and more slender and more numerous in the smaller than in the larger of the two adult specimens. Four of the five specimens seen give the following measurements in millimeters : Station— Sex... 2-2-2 eee ee eee eee cee ee ce ree ee nee e eee ee en ee cece rent eee reee Young.| Young. Length of carapax, including rostrum and posterior spines. .--...--.---. 17.5] 25.-- | ab 139 Length of carapax, excluding rostrum and posterior spines.....-. .---.- 9.1) 12.6 90 123 Breadth of carapax between tips of hepatic spines ..-......---------.--- 13.5 | 18+) 57 64 Breadth of carapax between tips of branchial spines --.--..------------- 13.0} 18+ | 87 117 Greatest breadth of carapax, excluding spines..--.--.-------------------- 6.6 9.0 17 110 Length of rostrum -..---.----------------+ +2222 ees eee ene eee eee eee eee: 7.3 9.+- | 17 8 Length of spines at base of rostrum 7.4) 11.5 16 T Length of anterior gastric spines .....--------------- 7:0 | 1026 12 5 Length of anterior cardiac spines. ..-...-----.--------+-++-----------+----- 6.3 8.0 10 5 PAGURIDEA. Bupagurus pubescens Brandt ex Kroyer. This species appears to be restricted to a very narrow region south of Cape Cod. It has not been taken in over 65 fathoms off Martha’s Vineyard, though common in much deeper water north of Cape Cod. None of the specimens seen are large, and all the carcinecia are com- posed of Epizoanthus Americanus or entirely overgrown with it. Specimens examined. nm . A ri a a g E é Locality. a 8 BI 4 = | Nature of bottom. = a, _ oO n 5 N. lat. W. long. = 5 ae, S$ ey g S g 2 E Ss n A A OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. ° / ut ie) / uM 1881 918 | 40 20 24 70 41 30 46 July 16| 4s. 919 | 40 16 18 70 41 18 53 gn. M July 16 | 2s. 921 | 40 O07 48 70 43 54 67 gn. M July 16/| 2s 985 | 41 00 00 70 49 00 26 Sept. 7 | 20+ 987 | 40 54 00 70 48 30 28 Sept. 7 | 11 989 | 40 49 00 70 47 00 | 30 Sept. 7 | 10+ 990 | 40 44 00 70 47 00 34 gn. 5. M Sept. 7 | 12 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27 Eupagurus Kroyeri Stimpson. Nearly all the specimens are small, and in carcinecia composed of Epizoanthus Americanus or overgrown with it. Specimens examined. No. of speci- = 2 J 3 mens. P Location. = 3 5 ‘= | Natare of bottom. 3 e) a N. lat. W.long. | = A 2 = = 2 a 3 o ‘ = a = - E | OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. ° / ul ° / “ 1880. 869 | 40 02 18 70 23 06 | 192 fne. S Sept. 4 30+ | + 870 | 40 02 36 70 22 58 | 155 fne. S. M Sept. 4 30+ | + 877 | 39 56 00 70 54 18 126 fne. S. M Sept. 13 40+- 878 | 39 55 00 70 54 15 142 Bat 50+ | + 1881. 920 | 40 13 00 70 41 54 63 fn. M July 16 if 923 | 40 O1 24 70 46 00 98 5 July 16 3 | 924 | 39 57 30 70 46 OU 164 Ss July 16 2 939 | 39 53 00 69 50 30 264 gn. S.M Aug. 4 2 945 | 39 58 00 71 13 00 207 | gn. M.S Aug. 9 10+ 1025 | 39 49 00 71 25 00 216 | gn. M Sept. 8 12 1026 | 39 50 30 71 23 00 182 gn. M.S Sept. 8 5 1032 | 39 56 00 69 22 00 208 yl. M Sept. 14 50+ | + 1086 | 39 58 00 69 30 00 94 Sept. 14 10+ 1038 | 39 58 00 70 06 00 146 8. Sh Sept 22 34 Se 1882. 1096 | 39 53 00 60 47 00 317 sft. gn. M Aug. 11 17 1111 | 40 O1 33 70 35 00 124 fne.S Aug. 22 30y 1124 | 40 01 00 68 54 00 640 fne. S. on. M Aug. 26 3 1125; 40 03 00 68 56 00 294 Aug. 26 1 BLAKE DREDGINGS; A. AGASSIZ. 1880. 308 | 41 34 30 65 54 30 306 SeMeGets toh Eee 6 306| 41 32 50 65 55 00 | 524| fnedk.gy.M. |.........- 4 311 | 39 59 30 70 12 00 143 Se en ee ee 2 Eupagurus politus Smith. (Pl. 4, fig. 4.) Lupagurus, sp., Smith, Proc. National Mus., iii, p. 428, 1881. Lupagurus politus, Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, x, p. 12, pl. 2, fig.5, 1882. The carapax is not suddenly narrowed at the bases of the antenne, where the breadth is equal to the length in front of the cervical suture, and not rostrated, the median lobe of the front being broadly rounded and not projecting as far forward as the external angles of the orbital sinuses, which are acute and each usually armed with a short spine. The eyestalks, including the eyes, are nearly four-tifths as long as the breadth of the carapax in front, stout, and expanded at the very large black eyes, which are terminal, not oblique, compressed vertically, and broader than half the length of the stalks. The ophthalmic scales are small, narrow, and spiniform at the tips. The peduncle of the antennula is about as long as the breadth of the carapax in front, and the ultimate segment about a third longer than the penultimate. The upper flagellum is much longer than the ultimate segment of the peduncle, while the lower is only about half as long as 28 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the upper, slender, and composed of ten to twelve segments. The peduncle of the antenna reaches slightly beyond the eye. The acicleis slender, slightly curved, and reaches to the tip of the peduncle, and inside its base there is a minute tooth, while outside there is a straight spine toothed or spined along its inner edge, acute at the tip and half as long as the acicle itself. The flagellum is nearly naked, and about three times as long as the carapax. The exposed parts of the oral appendages are very nearly as in #. bernhardus. The chelipeds are longer, much narrower, and more nearly equal in size than in E. bernhardus, and, as in that species, are almost entirely naked, but beset with numerous tubercles and low spines. ‘The right cheliped is about as long as the body from the front of the carapax to the tip of the abdomen. The merus and carpus are subequal in length, while the chela is about once and a half as long as the carpus. The carpus and chela are rounded above and armed with numerous tuber- cles, which are smaller and more crowded on the chela than on the carpus, but the sarface between the tubercles is smooth and polished. The dorsal surface of the carpus is limited along the inner edge by a sharp angle armed with a double line of tubercles, while the outer edge is rounded. The chela is very little wider than the carpus, and is nar- rowed from near the base to the tips of the digits, and both edges are rounded. The digits are rather slender, about half as long as the entire chela, slightly gaping, with acute and strongly incurved chitinous tips, and the prehensile edges armed with a very few obtuse tubereculiform teeth. The left chela is much more slender than the right, but reaches to or a little by the base of its dactylus. The carpus is slender, higher than broad, only slightly expanded distally, and with the narrow dorsal surface flattened, naked, nearly smooth, and margined either side with a single line of spiniform tubercles, while the rest of the surface is beset with low, squamiform, setiferous tubercles. The chela is about a third longer than the carpus, slender, about two and a half times as long as broad, and the dactylus about two-thirds the entire length. The dorsal and outer surface is tuberculose, and a low obtuse ridge extends from near the middle of the base along the propodal digit, which tapers from the base to the tip, while the dactylus is nearly or quite smooth except for a few fascicles of seta, more slender than the propodal digit, and tapered only near the tip. The chitinous tips of the digits are slender, acute, and strongly incurved, and the prehensile edges are sharp, and armed with a closely set series of slender spines or sete. The ambulatory legs reach considerably beyond the right cheliped, and the second pair reach to the tips of the first pair. In both pairs the meri and propodi are approximately equal in length and longer than the carpi, while the dactyli are about once and a half as long as the pro- podi, slender, strongly curved, and distally strongly twisted. The two PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 20 posterior pairs of thoracic legs and the abdominal appendages are very nearly as.in EL. bernhardus. / In life the general color of the exposed parts is pale orange, the tips of the chelx and of the ambulatory legs white, the eyes black. The eggs are very large, and few in number as compared with the ordinary species of the genus, being 1.0™™ to 1.1™™ in diameter in alco- holic specimens, while in H. bernhardus they are only 0.45™™ to 0.50™™ in diameter. Measurements in millimeters. Station— 1028. | 878. | 947. | 990. | 878. Sex ...---------------------- 2-22 Pee eee og ee 4 fos fof Length of carapax along median line 12.5 | 13.0 | 14.2 | 16.0 | 21.6 Breadth of carapax in front. -.....-.-----------------------ee-ee- I Pee easy ed ete sy Plea I: Menvth of eyestalks...-.---..--.-..-2s00-0- BOD AS a2 AleGnsulbe Grol bitad Greatest diameter of eye...-...--.-.----- 2.9) 30) 3.0) 32) 40 Length of right eheliped. 34.0 | 35.0 | 41.0 | 41.0 | 63.0 Length Of CATPUS. <-. 2. <6. ce eencennnee 8.3 | 8.8} 10.0) 11.0 | 16.5 Meneth of chela <..-..--.2.6.cecee--s- 200 13.5 | 13.7 | 16.3 | 16.8 | 25.0 Breadth of chela ...- TONG 9) 80) |e 820) lies Length of dactylus...- 2. 2.0.2 e cee en ene cc cece ence nnn enna ee sceenceen- 7.2) 7.0] 88) 8&9] 13.0 Length ci [eit GGT. 265 ee A SSPE Bem e st oe OS Ee nace: DaSSbe so geoenpe 29.0 | 30.0 | 35.0 | 36.0 | 54.0 Len eth DiBC RED See ee eee ane cee aa ccibininet seis das aiew am etnicmitelacle = ciat= Fe SAT TAlh (8399019) OF sss Length Di Tato nS SSS eee ee SEE AEs Be Rode oecsosspecsoe 11.0 | 11.0 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 20.1 TD PENS 5 RRR SES) SPI Aras eee nel apt yel Rake sy ge 8 BL) jes.) (G:(Gnlietosmaiee tea ength of dactylus--.. -------- 2m c cc cea sew ccccencecn ec cssancccesnn cee: COON) Sea eg) ERO SB AM Length of first ambulatory leg...... 2.22... .-- 2. eee ees eee- ene eee -- 44.0 | 45.0 | 50.0 | 52.0 | 77.0 eet DEAE TONOUUS 15 se cam cic cs aa acodac eseqine cicivaisine'cnelainc sm sina e[n= 8.9 | 9.0 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 16.0 Mength of dactylus. -.-.- 22... 2.2. ce ccc mee ecw nes ceccacccee en serene---- 13.0 | 14.5 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 24.0 Length of eran smipwiatOry Ol -encnsneee os cacam cence = nob ~-binewm== 46.0 | 47.0 | 52.0 | 55.0 | 81.0 Length of ae eee RIS eee toe ate eet tenwale se sat ene oe eisita acto nema Hisieia aca =e 10.0 | 9.9) 11.0 | 11.2 | 17.5 RCE Se CAO UV RUS = ae Sos oa claws oan oe n'ncteideean= aniclenaenainaasinin 14.3 | 15.1 | 17.2 | 18.1 | 26.0 The females apparently never attain as large size as the males, but they do not seem to differ from them in the relative proportions of any of the cephalothoracic appendages. The accompanying list of specimens examined shows that this is one of the most uniformly distributed and abundant species in from 50 to 400 fathoms from Cape Cod to the Carolina coast. I have already ex- amined specimens from more than three-quarters of the whole number of dredgings made by the Fish Commission during the past three years within this region and between these depths. Specimens examined. Z 3 No. of speci- ° Es mens. : Locality. oS = i—) 3 4 no A a Nature of bottom. = oD g@ | N. lat. W. long. | 35 = 2 5 4 ra) a s By a - 3) a = | eS OFF MARTHA'S VINEYARD. ° / ut fo} ‘ ” 1880. 865 | 40 05 00 70 23 00 65 fne. S. M. Sept. 4 5 869 | 40 O02 18 70 02 06] 192 fne. S. M Sept. 4 50+ | + 30 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ; Specimens examined—Contiuued. a g i=) Locality. Pe 6 & 7 A Nature of bottom. & N. lat. W. Jong. | < = S a A OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD —Continued. or u fe} 7 uw 870 | 40 02 36 70 22 58] 155 M. fne. S. 871 | 40 02 54 70 23 40] 115 M. fne. 8. 872 | 40 05 39 70 23 52 86 | S. G. Sh. sponges. 873 | 40 02 00 70 57 00] 100 sft. M. 874 | 40 00 00 70 57 00 85 sft. M. 876 | 39 57 00 70 56 00 120 sft. M. 877 | 39 56 00 70 54 18] 126 sft. M. 878 | 39 55 00 70 54 15] 142 M. 879 | 39 49 30 70 54 00} 225 S. bu. M. 880 | 39 48 30 70 54 00] 252 a a a x sft. bn. . an 893 | 39 52 20 70 58 00| 372 ; eae 894139 53 00 70 58 30| 365 F} aa eg ae 895 | 39 56 30 70 59 45) 238 sft. bn. M. 918 | 40 20 24 70 41 30 46 gn. M. 919| 40 16 18 70 41 18] 53 gn. M, 921 | 40 07 48 70 43 54| 67 gn. M, 922 | 40 03 48 70 45 54 71 gn. M. andS 923 | 40 01 24 70 46 00 98 Ss. 924 | 39 57 30 70 46 00| 164 S. 925 | 39 55 00 70 47 00} 229 S. and M. 939 | 39 53 00 69 50 30} 264 fs M. and §. 940 | 39 54 00 69 51 30) 184 | hrd.S. and sponges. 941 | 40 01 00 69 56 00 79 hrd. S. and M. 943 | 40 00 00 Tl 4 S30) 57 M.S. and Sh. 944 | 40 01 00 71 14 30 128 M.S. and Sh. 945 | 39 58 00 71 13 00) 207 gn. M.and §. 946 | 39 55 30 71 14 00! 247 gn. M.and §. 947 | 39 53 30 71 13 30] 319 S.and M. 949 | 40 03 00 70 31 00); 100 yl. M. 950 | 40 07 00 70 32 00 71 S.Sh. and M. 951 | 39 57 00 70 31 30) 225 M. 990 40 44 00 70 47 00 34 gn. M. and S. 994 , 39 40 00 71 30 00] 368 M. 997 | 389 42 00 71 32 00| 335 yl. M. 4998 | 39 43 00 71 32 001 302 gn. M. 999 | 39 45 13 71 30 00 266 gn. M. 1025 | 39 49 00 71 25° 00'| 216 gn. M. 1026 | 39 50 30 71 23 00), 182 gn. M.and§$ 1027 | 40 00 00 ‘69 19 00 93 fne.S. 1028 | 39 57 00 69 17 00) 410 yl. M. 1029 | 39 57 06 69 16 00) 458 yl. M.S. 1032 | 39 56 00 69 22 00] 208 yl. M. 1035 | 39 57 00 69 28 00 120 S. 1036 | 39 58 00 €9 30 00 94 Ss. 1039 | 39 59 00 70 06 00); 130 S. and Sh. 1091 | 40 03 00 69 44 00 65 gy. S. brk. Sh. 1092 | 39 58 00 69 42 00] 202 gy.S. 1093 | 389 56 00 69 45 00! 349 bu. M.S. 1096 | 39 53 00 69 47 00] 317 sft. gn. M 1097 | 39 54 00 69 44 00| 158 fne. S. 1098 | 39 53 00 69 43 00 156 fne. 8. 1108 | 40 02 00 70 37 380] 101 gy. M. fne.S 1109 | 40 038 00 70 38 00 89 gy.5. 1110 | 40 02 00 70 35 00) 100 gn. M. fne.S 1111 |} 40 O01 33 70 35 00) 124 fne. S. 1112 | 39 56 00 70 35 00 | 245 gn. M.S 1116 |} 89 59 00 70 44 00 144 gn. M.S 1117 | 40 02 00 70 45 00 89 fhe. S. 1118 | 40 03 00 70 45 00 70 fne.S 1119 | 40 08 00 68 45 00 97 S. brk. Sh 1121 | 40 04 00 68 49 00] 234 fne. 8. St 1124 | 40 01 00 68 54 00) 640 fne. S. gn. M 1137 | 39 40 00 71 52 00 173 fne. S. P. 1138 | 39 39 00 71 54 00 168 fne. 8S. P. 1142 | 39 32 00 72 00 00} 322) M.withS.and P. When collected. No. of speci- mens. With eggs. | o oo + +4 ROO sls _ = 6o i for) RPoOCoWrwd RwN _ _ iS _ bt et mMowon-It nm we o fF OU raed + Lh) a a yn PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 31 Specimens examined—Continued. | me No. of speci- a o mens. Locality. 3 a) 6 & 3 = ele q | Nature of bottom. 3 Eo a N. lat. W. long. a g o 2 e a 3 fe 2 = n =) E = OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD —Continued. fe} i Li °o / “ 1881. 1152 | 39 58 00 70 35 00] 115 Ss. Oct. 4 8 1154 | 39 55 31 70 39 00}; 193 S. and M. Oct. 4] 200+ OFF DELAWARE BAY. 1881. 1043 | 38 39 00 73 11 00; 130 Ss. Oct. 10 2 1045 |38 35 00 73 13 00! 312 gy. M. Oct. 10 8 1046 | 38 33 00 73 = #18 00 104 * Oct. 10 3 1 1047 | 38 31 00 73 21 00} 156 Ss. Oct. 10 9 1049 | 38 28 00 73 22 00) 435 M. Oct. 10 1 OFF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 896 | 37 26 00 74 19 00 56 S. Sh. Nov. 16 3 897 | 37 25 00 74 18 00] 157 S. M. Nov. 16 33 + 898 | 37 24 00 74 17 00} 300 M. Nov. 16 48 + BLAKE DREDGINGS; A. AGASSIZ. 1880. 309 | 40 11 40 68 22 00); 304 fne. S. M. 3 310 | 39 59 16 70 18 30) 260 fne. dk. gn. M. 2 327 | 34 00 30 76 10 30) 178 Glob. ooze. 1 336 | 38 21 50 73 32 00] 197 Bl. M. 5 Catapagurus, A. M.-Edwards. Catapagurus A. M.-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, viii, p. 46, 1880.—Smith, ibid., x, p. 14, 1882. Hemipagurus Smith, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. London, V, vii, p. 143, 1881; Proc. National Mus., iii, p. 422, 1881. Catapagurus Sharreri, A. M.-Edwards. (Pl. 4, Fig. 5.) Catapagurus Sharrert A, M.-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, Vili, p. 46, 1880. Hemipagurus socialis Smith, Proc. National Mus., iii, p. 423, 1881. Catapagurus socialis Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, x, p. 16, 1882. I have examined one of the type specimens of Milne-Edwards’s spe- cies returned to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and find it iden- tical with my species as indicated above. This specimen is from 200 fathoms, off Barbadoes, station 296, and gives ae following measure- ments in millimeters: SEE coo at aC SBRE RAE se Uae ee ee eee jee eawocecnvece aecnce é Length from front of carapax to tip of abdomen....-...- eet aes Aen eee 23.0 Breet ei Rye Boas 25) Cia 5 Ca ere eae cwigwerlce sted icy [aa= sindtte Wh ani sewers 2.3 Greatest diameter of eye ...-.. .2-22. 22-22 wee eeee Sec nano stay Ssosbeshce a oes ed en eRP ETL CUMUIDON 2 oie ns amend «ae utnle -o de a aedene Uetectle sues lbubeas 19.0 ee NSE RWS ee oss cafe Salas oncom taobw ot nd, -odciomaa Sam onthe ase here = 8.0 MR MEE SRS eis oS oo ee nee do poclsteaule Usd sluan lo eanscatanaete ce 2.6 ee RRMA he Sts ol cs Siar ees mS ona onic cote weap oy xe Spee aide ania wake ewe 4.0 ROL MELE OUOMPOMRE 1... Go Qcod eras manne cue oe tea Twn ee cage ane ox 31.0 RORY eee ae a eld a ax’ oMlle anise canipcy we palee ian ddwa cekota see DULL E. 7.5 SERENE HIC HEAR, Hw Ac ioe oe U Sole nee tees dae ais tos aps Camtcopecem «deude ao 1.3 aR GUANINE tb miwon oa atta e anti s 2o2' Ses oH waeia leon tea ss tee ce oe abe 2.8 Length of first ambulatory leg, right side ........ 22. 22-2 eee ece cecce stasis edu 22.0 32 Specimens examined. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Station No. 899 311 313 314 315 316 327 344 345 Locality. N. lat. W. long. OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. ° ‘ at (eo) ‘ “uy 40 05 00 70 23 00 40 02 36 70 22 58 40 02 54 70 23 40 40 05 39 WOin23" 52 40 02 00 70 57 00 40 00 00 70 57 00 39 57 00 70 56 00 39 56 00 70 54 18 39 55 00 70 54 15 39 48 30 70 54 00 40 16 18 WO: 41 918 40 13 00 70 41 54 40 07 48 70 43 54 40 03 48 70 45 54 40 O01 24 70 46 00 39 55 00 70 47 00 39 53 00 69 50 30 39 54 00 69 51 30 40 01 00 69 56 00 40 03 00 70 31 00 40 00 00 69 19 00 39 57 00 69 28 00 39 58 00 69 30 00 39 58 00 70 06 00 39 58 00 69 42 00 39 54 00 69 44 00 40 (1 33 70 35 00 40 08 00 68 45 00 39 58 30 70 37 00 39 58 00 70 35 00 OFF DELAWARE BAY. 73 11 00 73 21 00 38 39 00 38 31 00 OFF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 37 22 00 74 29 00 BLAKE DREDGINGS; A. AGASSIZ. 39 59 30 70 12 00 32 31 50 78 45 00 32 24 00 78 44 00 32 18 20 78 43 00 32 07 00 78 37 30 34 00 30 76 10 30 40 01 00 70 58 00 40 10 15 71 04 30 | Depth in fathoms. Nature of bottom. ran gy. S. fne. gy. S. fne. gy. 5. fne. gy. S. ie Glob. ooze. ne. 9. 5 gn. M. brk. Sh. S. When collected. No. of speci- mens. | Witheggs. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 33 Vol. VI, No.3. Washington, D.C. Jume 18, 1888. Catapagurus gracilis Smith. Hemipagurus gracilis Smith, Proc. National Mus., iii, p. 426, 1881. Catapagurus gracilis Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, x, p. 19, 1882. Specimens examined. Z : No. of speci- 3 S mens. Locality. g = ) & o 0 A — | Nature of bottom. a Ge 2 Ss) cS & | Nilat. W.long. | 5 = é cs a A = =) 2 i nN A E — OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. ° I) uw Oo / “ 1880. 865 | 40 05 00 70 23 00 65 fne.S. M. Sept. 4 1 870 | 40 02 36 70 22 58 155 fne. S. M. Sept. 4 4 871 | 40 02 54 70 23 40 115 fne. S. M. Sept. 4 30-+- 74} 40 00 00 70 57 00 85 sfr. M. Sept. 13 30+ 877 | 389 56 00 70 54 18 126 str. M, Sept. 13 3 78 | 39 55 00 70 54 15 142 M. Sept. 13 10 1881. 919 | 40 16 18 70 41 18 53 gn. M. July 16 1 920} 40 13 CO 70 41 O54 63 gn. M. July 16 4 921} 40 07 48 70 43 54 67 gn. M. July 16 24 = 940} 39 54 00 69 51 30 134 | hrd.S.and sponges.| Aug. 4 2 949 | 40 03 00 70 31 00 100 yl. M. Aug. 2 12 1088 | 39 58 00 70 06 00 146 8. Sh. Sept. 21 1 OFF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 1880. 896 | 37 26 00 74 19 00 56 S. Sh. Nov. 16 1 899 | 37 22 00 74 29 00 57 S. Noy, 16 1 BLAKE DREDGINGS; A. AGASSIZ. 344 | 40 O01 00 70 58 00 129 fne. S. M. 1 345} 40 10 15 71 04 30 71 | gn. M.brk. Sh. S. 3 Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. New Haven, v, p. 51, 1879; Proc. National Mus. Washington, iii, p. 428, 1881; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, x, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 4-44, 1882. (Pl. 5, Figs. 3-5; Pl. 6, Figs. 1-4a.) Specimens examined. Z ¥ No. of speci- 5 "S mens. Locality. 3 3 7 =] A P s ps Nature of bottom. = eb | o 5 N. lat. W. long. 4 F ye, 9 iS 3 eB 2 = BR A = e GLOUCESTER FISHERIES. 1878. Off Nova Scotia, 42°41’ N., 250 Li 1 0 63° 6’ W. } OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. Oca’ 37 Oo. Le 1880. 880 39 48 30 70 54 00 252 M. Sept. 13 | 2 ly.1 1 g03 | 39 52 20 70 58 00 | 372 akan tone ine: Oct. 2 | 2 1y. Proc. Nat. Mus. 83——3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Specimens examined—Continued. Z 2 No. of speci- S 2 mens. Locality. ee) 3 S & a : a = | Nature of bottom. = of g@ | N.lat. W. long. BY 2 z aS my = Pe) ~ 5 33 RD a Ee OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD— | Continued. [i a ARTE OY SEO ty | 1880. go1 | 39 53 GO 70 58 30 | 365 — pn me Oct 2|1. ea sie 938 | 39 51 00 69 49 15 317 | gn. S. M. Aug. 4/3 1 0 947 39 53 30 W1 13 30 319 | S. M. | Aug. 9 148 245 /191 994 ; 39 40 00 71 30 00 368 | M. Sept. 8 | 1 997] 39 42 00 71 32 00 | 335 | yl. M. Sept. 8 | 1 998 | 39 43 00 71 32.00 | 302) gn. M. Sept. 8 Iwo 1029 | 39 57 06 69 16 00 | 458 yl. M.S. Sept. 14 ly. 1882. 1124 | 40 O01 00 68 54 00 640 fne. S. gn. M. Aug. 26 \10 1140 39 34 00 71 56 00 374 fne. S. sft. M. P. Sept. 8} 1 OFF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 1880. 898 37 24 00 74 17 00 300 M. Nov. 16 4 BLAKE DREDGINGS; A. AGASSIZ. 1880. 306 41 32 50 65 55 00 524 fne. dk. gy. M. 1 ¥- 809 40 11 40 68 22 00 304 dk. gy. S. M. 4 322 33 10 00 76 32 15 362 Glob. S. 2 | | | The large number of specimens which have been obtained since this species was first described enables me to supplement to a considerable extent the original description, drawn from a single specimen from which the oral appendages were not removed. The labrum, metastome, mandibles, and the first maxillaare essentially as in Hupagurus bernhardus. The lobes of the protognath of the second maxilla are very nearly as in Hupagurus bernhardus ; the endognath is a little longer than in that species, reaching nearly as far forward as the dis- tal lobe of the protopod; the scaphognath is very different from that of Eupagurus bernhardus, the anterior part being very much larger and nar- rowed to a triangular tip reaching much beyond the middle of the endog- nath, while the posterior part is elongated, somewhat ovate in outline, about two-thirds as long as the anterior, and very little more than half as broad as long. The lobes of the protopod and the endopod of the first maxilliped are nearly as in Hupagurus bernhardus except that the endo- pod is united with the exopod for a considerable distance from the base; the endopod itself, however, is very different, being a simple, un- segmented lamella, shorter than the endopod, broad and truncated at the extremity and setigerous along the outer and terminal edges. Just back of the base of the exopod the edge of the protopod is setigerous and projects laterally in a slight prominence apparently representing the epipod. The second and third (external) maxillipeds are essentially as in Hupagurus bernkardus. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. a0 The branchiz are the same in number and arranged in the same way as in Hupagurus bernhardus, as indicated in the following formula : Somite— Ve | Velie Bi xt | xu. | xu. | x1v. | Total. 1) 00 Podobranchiz............- Arthrobranchiz.........-- Pleuxobranchie....-.....- } 0 0 ococco Ses onoo : conoo onoco lh) S22 0 0 | | 11 But, as stated in the original description, they are trichobranchiz, not phyllobranchiz as in ordinary Paguroids. In the original specimen, and in all those not preserved with special care, the branchie are flaccid and the papillz of which they are composed are collapsed, apparently cylindrical throughout, and without definite arrangement along the stem of the branchia; but in specimens carefully preserved in strong alcohol the papille in the thicker parts of the branchie are seen to be slightly flattened toward their bases in the direction of the axes of the branchiz, and to have a definite arrangement in four longitudinal series, showing, in a transverse section of the branchia, two papille either side of the central axis in place of the thin lamella attached by one edge to either side of the lamelliform central stem of the phyllobranchia of ordinary Paguroids. Toward the tips of the branchize the papille become truly cylindrical as in Homarus or A stacus, and in some of the smaller branchiz, as in the arthrobranchiz of the external maxillipeds, the papille upon one side of the branchia are very small or rudimentary; but in all cases the ultimate divisions of the branchie are apparently strictly tricho- branchial in structure, the blood vessels on either side of each papilla giving off capillary branches in opposite directions to the surface of the papilla. The structure is essentially as in Astacus, and the difference is not apparent without close examination. From ordinary Paguroids, like Eupagurus bernhardus, however, it is widely different, but this dif- ference is partially bridged by the structure of the branchie in Sympa- gurus pictus about to be described, although there the branchiz are es- sentially phyllobranchiz. In the chelipeds the merus, carpus, and chela are very densely clothed, except at the tips of the digits, a space on the under side and at the base of the chela, and the inner side of the merus, with a very fine and soft pubescence usually loaded with fine mud when the specimens are first taken. Individuals differ considerably in the form and proportions of the cheli- peds. In one large male, measurements of which are given in the last column in the accompanying table of measurements, the right cheliped is only very slightly longer and scarcely stouter than the left, and the chela differs from that of the left only slightly in form. The defective development of the right cheliped in this specimen probably resulted 36 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. from the loss and reproduction of the limb, but in other specimens there are considerable differences in the form of the right chela which are apparently not the result of loss and reproduction, though it may be possible that all the cases of considerable variation in the form of the chele are due to this cause. The right chela is, in both sexes, usually very broad, half or more than half as broad as long, but in some speci- mens, aS shown in the second column of the table of measurements, it is much narrower, only about three-eighths as broad as long. The appendages of the second abdominal somite of the male are fre- quently very distinctly unequal in size, the right being longer than the left, but in many specimens they are exactly alike. The appendages ot the first somite are apparently perfectly symmetrical in all the speci- mens examined. The females appear to be a little smaller than the males, but appar- ently do not differ in the form or proportions of any of the cephalo- thoracic appendages. There are four well-developed biramus append- ages on the left side of the abdomen as in the species of Hupagurus, and the third, fourth, and fifth somites are each furnished with a diffuse dorsal tuft of long hairs. The eggs are nearly spherical and larger than in Hupagurus bernhardus, being nearly a millimeter in diameter in alcoholic specimens. In life the general color of the naked and exposed parts is pale, dull orange, darker at the tips of the ambulatory legs, without any of the conspicuous red markings characteristic of Sympagurus pictus. All of the carcinecia seen are formed by colonies of Hpizoanthus paguriphilus Verrill, which at first invest spiral shells which are finally absorbed by the basal ccenenchyma of the growing polyps. In some of the very small specimens the investing walls of the polyp are so thin that the form and markings of the inclosed shell are distinctly visible through them, but in all the larger specimens the shell is completely absorbed. Measurements. | Station— | 947. | 947. 894. 947. 647. WOM me eehonm soe fost cacencie tae nea tela ae cee ioe Saemeniroeens fof fof 2 Q ron Menethifront to tip of telson) -- 2-22 --sc-~ seem cee see aes me 62.0 65. 0 38. 0 60. 0 60.0 Length of carapax along dorsal line .--......-.....--.--.-.% 23.3 23.0 15. 0 18.8 22.5 Breadth of carapax at basesof antenns 3 3.0 13.3 9.0 Lies 13.0 Length of eyestalks...-..-. 6. 4 6.7 4.7 6.0 6.3 Greatest diameter of eye . 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 12 Length of right cheliped - 68.0 66. 0 41.0 48.0 50. 0 Length of carpus.-.-...... 20.0 18. 0 11.0 12.5 13.0 eno Mir Cela 45220 wah oi osama cs Aengliac eee aedao asmouneue herds 29.0 PY BRS 17.9 20.0 19.0 IBTEAUHNVOPICNCIA: sence ecinnncuenteacinh cesta deme ceamen eae eet 15. 0 10.5 10.8 12.0 7.2 Tenet hor actylus os. ~ ss ccacisment ee oe clde dee tae ce = oe eer 15.5 14.3 10.3 11.0 10.5 en St hiOt Meru Chelped. on rcclsesee sees neecane sce see ee eeeaee 51.0 52.0 30. 0 35. 0 49.0 Ten CUNOtCANDRA- cee aces acceceee ss ans ewe atss seen e neem net 12.5 13.0 7.0 9.3 13.0 Benveth Onicnelaecacanascsaret sac ebeeteberecce es denteoneemenee 16.0 17.2 9.'9 11.3 15.7 IBICACTHWOLONELA eos soso c cae ce tate nmeaccioe: bate sneneeeee ser 7.0 7.6 4.5 5.5 7.0 Then wth OmoaCowlNs. vec ot- Sasso meh sinless ain oe steciainiane amotae 9.3 9.8 6.1 6.8 9v1 Length of first ambulatory leg, right side............--...-- 98.0 | 100.0 58.0 63. 0 96.0 DEnpebvOr Prapodusy secs cose houses ecccceacoen eee ee eee 23.0 23.0 | ~13.'0) | *2qgaee 23.2 eneth OP UaACtylNSth.< ok alesis eee micawaeciindes eee asees 31.0 33.0 17.5 18.3 31.5 _ PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. oT Sympagurus, gen. nov. The single species of the genus here proposed is readily distinguished from Parapagurus by the shortness of the peduncles of the antennule and the well developed eyes, in which respects it agrees essentially with Eupagurus. It differs essentially from Parapagurus in having phyllo- branchiz, which are the same in number and arranged inthe same way as in Parapagurus and Eupagurus, but differ much from the branchize of Eupagurus and the ordinary Paguroids in having the lamelle long, nar- row, attached by one end to the narrow stem of the branchia and arranged in two loosely packed longitudinal series either side of the axis of the branchia. At the extremity of the branchix, however, the lamell become very narrow, and at the extreme tips apparently papilliform as at the tips of the branchie of Parapagurus. The oral, thoracic, and abdominal appendages are essentially as in Parapagurus, the sexual appendages of the first and second somites of the abdomen of the male are, however, much smaller and less perfectly developed. Sympagurus pictus, sp. nov. (Pl. 5, Figs. 2, 2a; Pl. 6, Figs. 5-8.) The carapax is divided by a deep, cervical suture, which is arcuate as in Parapagurus pilosimanus, but is narrowed anteriorly much more than in that species, the breadth at the bases of the antenne scarcely equaling the length in front of the cervical suture. The anterior margin projects in a prominent triangular rostrum with a distinct longitudinal carina, and either side is considerably oblique, with only a slight prominence between the base of the eyestalk and the peduncle of the antenna. The eyestalks, including the eyes, are about two-fifths as long as the carapax along the dorsal line, stout, aud expanded at the very large black eyes, which are terminal, not oblique, compressed vertically, and from two-fifths to nearly a half as broad as the length of the stalks. The ophthalmic scales are small, spiniform, and acute as in Parapagurus pilosimanus. The peduncle of the antennula is a little longer than the breadth of the carapax in front, the second segment reaches to the tip of the eye, and the ultimate segment is about half the entire length. The upper flag- ellum is about as long as the ultimate segment of the peduncle, while the lower is only about half as long, slender, and composed of seven or eight segments. The peduncle of the antenna reaches slightly by the eye and the ultimate segment is nearly twice as long as the penultimate. The acicle is slender, sparsely setigerous, and reaches to the tip of the peduncle, and outside its base there is a dentiform process, but no tooth or spine inside. The flagellum is nearly naked and about four times as long as the carapax. The oral appendages are all nearly as in Parapagurus pilosimanus, except that, in the second maxilla, the endognath is broader at the base, the anterior lobe of the scaphognath is shorter and broader, though still triangular at the tip, and the posterior lobe is shorter, 38 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. broader, and approximately triangular; while, in the first maxilliped, the endopod and exopod are a little shorter and the latter rotinded at the extremity. The chelipeds are densely pubescent, as in Parapagurus pilosimanus, and resemble those of that species closely until the pubescence is re- moved, when they are seen to be different in form and armament. The right cheliped in fully grown specimens is about three times as long as the carapax along the dorsal line. The carpus is slightly longer than the merus, obscurly angulated along the inner dorsal edge, and the dorsal surface covered with small tubercles which are acute and almost spiniform along the inner edge. The chela is at least once and two- thirds as long as the carpus, much less than half as broad as long, com- pressed vertically, convex, and only slightly tuberculous above and below, but armed along the edges with sharp tubercles, which are most conspicuous along the inner edge and particularly on the dactylus, where they become spiniform. The digits are longitudinal, not turned to the right as in Parapagurus pilosimanus, about as long as the body of the chela, regularly tapered toward the strongly hooked tips, and the pre- hensile edges armed with irregular, low, and obtuse tubercles. The left cheliped is about two-thirds as long as the right, very slender, and clothed with pubescence like the right. The carpus is scarcely longer or stouter than the merus, and angulated and armed with a few sharp tubercles along the inner dorsal edge. The chela is about once and two-thirds as long as the earpus, scarcely stouter, rounded and unarmed, with the digits much longer than the body, slender, slightly curved downward at the tips, not gaping, and the prehensile edges sharp and armed with a closely set series of minute spines. The ambulatory legs reach to or a little by the right cheliped, are smooth and nearly naked, except near the tips, and unarmed, except a small dentiform tooth at the distal end of the dorsal edge of the carpus. The dactyli are longer than the propodi, slender, laterally compressed, strongly curved toward the acute tips, and setigerous along the dorsal edge and on the inner side. The fourth and fifth pairs of legs and the sterna of all the thoracic somites are as in Parapagurus pilosimanus. The appendages of the first and second abdominal somites of the male arise in the same way as in Parapagurus pilosimanus. The appen- dages of the first somite are like those of Parapagurus pilosimanus in form, but are very much smaller, being scarcely 3 millimeters in length in the largest specimen examined, and project only a little way below the coxe of the posterior thoracic legs. The appendages of the second somite are very unequally developed; the right is nearly as in Parapa- gurus pilosimanus in form, but is much smaller, being only 7 millimeters long in the largest male examined, and the terminal lamelliform seg- ment is a little broader in proportion, being about a fourth longer than the basal portion and a fourth as broad as long, and is apparently less deeply grooved; while the left is very much smaller, only 4.8 millime- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39 ‘ ters long in thespecimen just referred to, and the terminal lamella smaller even than the basal portion, very narrow, and scarcely at all grooved. The appendages of the left side of the third, fourth, and fifth somites of the abdomen of the male, the four ovigerous appendages of the left side of the abdomen of the female, and the uropods in both sexes, are asin Parapagurus pilosimanus and Lupagurus bernhardus. The telson is about as broad as long, but bilaterally unsymmetrical, the left side being longer than the right, and the posterior margin oblique, with a slight anal emargination a little to the right of the center. The carcinecium of the specimen from station 895 is formed by Epizo- anthus Americanus Verrill, but the carcinecia of all the other specimens examined are formed by the base of a single polyp of Urticina consors Verrill (Amer. Jour. Sci., III, xxiii, p. 225, 1882). Measurements. Station— 939. 924, 1114. SDS ety 23020 be5 aboe Be Ses in UBS CSO SE OG SECO CBOE DD SESE EEIAOEe GEOR EGP EHebaHeCnece of fe) MeBOMMEOMm nr ONG bO Up Of bOlSONi. 20s cate sce ace meee sss eee entero neecennioe 27.0 50. 0 64.0 PMO neCarn pax ialon's COusal line). 6 2)2.c5als/daciiceicinssseasecwe ace cicisisiea ant 10. 0 18. 0 20. 0 Breadth of carapax at bases of amtenn®-....--- ..22.. -<-2s0ccese- sense coe--- 5.5 9.8 11.0 TESOL OR AO NUA Nese se assis ot\se Seltlasaed a sna ticte cities seleticls woes cielesmacins sid 4.0 7.0 8.0 2 Pale vs, 7 Ser o175 ra ean a RT ee an ee CR AES 9 |" Mats Mal EN erm CHOLINE 2 foc otto c du sic deen cog s(alenjas ae seiaceectewatinelses Seca ss 23.6 | 54.0 60.0 LSE CLEP PE CO TTA RS we yee nemo nee LO 6.0 13.0 13h, ares ten peels a antes (sen 22 cisatces dros sade sche nc- oss see asemecapee te eats 10.01 22.0 24.0 EMEP MCMOG TES Ss Se cinch sec usced Coan ue wes cdscon obese ae oae seeeees 4.6 10. 0 | 10.5 MeO MMIOMNOGHUINSe Soc ssc ae ade eo aos etact hone sccadensees Sos cauewe sat bendass 5 11.0 | 12,0 aEPREMY HLAG ELIE ies ern to ER Is Sec op Asta ps bi Rican ciseee Se caideueiemene 18.5 35. 0 40. 0 PRA PRMCHAC ANU SEES a eee iss eae ok ih en le Sale Cumn cide Sodb eS Coma nu semawecion ted 4.7 | 8.8 10. 0 EIABID EBLE, @UE CPE} SS Se SSP SS SP ne pee (ee ai ie eRe a OR erred we eA 7.0 2.5:] 1455 PALE MUON G CUO Acar 2 ye2 cach eeeecnics os coda coeclncehua bau see cussaeabouee 2.6 4.5 5.0 TLAPELE TTL Gab (HCG ea a oti 8 Weg te aco ere eg eR i Pere ae en 570) ay Sn Oup 10.0 Length of first ambulatory leg, right side 32.0 60. 0 69. 0 Length of propodus 7.5 3. 7 16. 0 FL SEC aT ENGR ITS a ERS SE ae ee ee Se A re eae yo ee 9.:7 16.8 19.2 In the large male from station 924, the appendage of the right side of the second somite of the abdomen is 7"™ long, and its terminal lamella 47" Jong and 1™™ broad; while the appendage of tbe left side is 4.8™" long, and its terminal lamella only 2.3" long and 0.5™™ broad. In life the front part of the carapax is orange red bordered with white along the margin. The eye-stalks and the peduneles of the attennule and antenne are white, except the undersides of the eye-stalks, which are vermilion. ‘The flagella of the antennule and antenne are pale orange. A large spot of vermilion covers nearly the whole of the outer surface and extends over upon the inferior edge of the meri of the ambulatory legs, and the inferior edges of the carpi and propodi and the tips of the dactyli are marked with the same color, while the rest of the surface is white. The posterior part of the carapax and the abdomen are trans- lucent whitish specked above with orange red, and the telson and uro- pods are similarly but more thickly specked with the same color. The eyes are black. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Specimens examined. 5 | 8 a No. of speci- 2 > mens. : Locality. = 3 i = | Nature of = il bi A a bottom. e go | "a A N. lat. W. long. a = o|s = a= (3) rol g a 2 8 o iS wm | \ mM A | Ee = A es es OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. ie) / a“ o / Ww 1880. | 895 | 39 56 30 70 59 45 238 sft. M. Oct. 2) 1s. Ale. 1881. 994 | 39 57 30 70 46 00 164 Ss. July 16 | 21,8. Ale. 939 | 39 53 00 69 50 30 | 264| gn.M.S. | Aug. 4| 2s. 1s.| 0 /Ale 1882. 1114 | 39 58 00 70 88 00 |} 71 gn. M. Aug. 22|11. 11. | 0 jAle. GALATHEIDEA. Munida Caribea? Smith. (Pl. 3, Fig. 11.) Munida Caribea? Smith, Proc. National Mus., ili, p. 428, 1881. Munida, sp. indet. Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, x, p. 22, pl. 10, fig. 1, 1882. ? Munida Caribea Stimpson, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, vii, p. 244 (116), 1860.—A. M.-Edwards, Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, viii, p. 49, 1880 (Caribea). In my preliminary notice of two years ago I referred this species doubtfully, as indicated above, to Stimpson’s species described froma single very small specimen which is no longer extant. Almost simul- taneously Milne-Edwards published ten new species of the genus from the Blake dredgings in the Caribbean region, and referred specimens of still another to Stimpson’s Caribea, but without describing them at all. Tt seems best to restrict Stimpson’s name to the species called Caribea by Milne-Edwards, whatever that may be, but it is quite impossible to determine from Milne-Edwards’s descriptions alone whether the species which I have called Caribea belongs to either of the eleven species . enumerated by him and, untilit is possible to settle this point satisfac- torily, the species may be conveniently designated Munida Caribea? Smith, as above. The species attains greater size than any of the specimens taken in 1880, measurements of some of the largest of which were given in my preliminary notice of two years ago. The specimens from the same sta- tion are usually approximately alike in size, those from one station being nearly all small, while those from another, even near by and on the same day, are nearly all large. The largest specimens are from sta- tion 1043, off Delaware Bay, and six of these give the following meas- urements in millimeters: PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Al | 1. 2. 3 4. 5 6. of cof of of cof on 52. 0 51.0 47.0 57.0 57. 0 62.0 26.3 25. 5 24.9 28.3 29.3 30. 0 9.4 9.5 8.4 9. 2 10. 4 9.5 12.2 ay ire 11.8 13.4 13.4 14.4 14.3 13.8 13.0 16. 2 16. 1 18.1 83. 0 87.0 78.0 | 117.0} 110.0] 107.0 33. 0 36. 0 32. 0 49. 0 46. 0 45.0 Uo 6.8 7.0 8.3 8.5 8.4 38. 3 40.0 36. 0 55. 0 51.5 49.0 18.5 18.5 17.0 23.1 21.4 21.3 49. 0 50. 0 49.0 64. 0 68.0 | 66.0 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.7 The specimens from which the Jast four columns of measurements were taken have the chelz modified, as usual in the old males of the species of the genus, by the proximal curvature and expansion of the digits, particuiarly the propodal, so as to leave them gaping at base ; while the specimen from which the second column of measurements was taken has the chelz slender and unmodified as in the female. Specimens examined. FI = No. of speci- i 2 mens. S Locality. = 2 A y Nature of bottom. 3 zp & N. lat. W. long. a F e 3s sa <q = ~ md < 7) A E S OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. oO f Ww fo} / uy 1881. 865 | 40 05 00 70 23 00| 65! fne. S. M. Sept. 4 | 2 871 | 40 02 54 70 23 40 115 | M. fne. 8S. ; Sept. 4 150+ 872 | 40 05 39 70 23 52 86 | S.G.Sh. & sponges.| Sept. 4 | 15 873 | 40 02 00 70 57 00 100 sft. M. | Sept. 13 3 574 | 40 00 00 70 57 00 85 sft. M. | Sept. 13 6 877 | 39 56 00 70 54 18) 126 sft. M. Sept. 13 1 878 | 39 55 00 70) 54, 35 142 M. | Sept. 13 6 921 | 40 07 48 70 43 54 67 gn. M. | July 16 44044 + 922} 40 03 48 70 45 54 71 gn. M.S. July 16 1, 300-4] + 923 | 40 01 24 70 46 00 98 S. July 16 939 | 39 53 00 69 50 30| 264 en. M.S. | Aug. 4 1 940 | 39 54 00 69 51 30} 134 hrd. 8. sponges. Aug. 4 80-++} + 941} 40 01 00 69 56 00 79 hrd.S. M. | Aug. 4 500+) + 944 | 40 O01 00 71 14 30}; 128 M.S. Sh. } Aug. 9 15 949 | 40 03 00 70 32 00] 100 yl M. | Aug. 23 500+) + 1088 | 39 58 00 70 06 00| 146 S. and Sh. Sept. 21 8 1040 | 40 00 00 70 06 00 93 S. and Sh. Sept. 21 | 7 1151 | 39 58 30 70 37 00] 125 S. 1. Oct. 4 | 1d OFF DELAWARE BAY. 1881. 1043 | 38 39 00 73 11 00, 130 s Oct. 10 154 | 18 1046 | 38 33 00 73 18 00/] 104 S$ Oct. 10 10 1047 | 38 31 00 73 21 00} 156 PS) Oct. 10 2 OFF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 1880. 896 | 37 26-00 74 19 00| 56 S. Sh. Noy. 16 3 899 | 37 22 00 74 29 00) 57 Ss. Nov. 16 92 42 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The Blake dredgings of 1880 extend the range southward considera- bly beyond the above, as the following record of the occurrence of the species in these dredgings shows: | Station. N. lat. W.long. |Fathoms., Specimens. | | fo} / u ° / ut 311 39 59 30 70 12 00 143 1 314 32 24 00 78 44 00 142 50+ 315 32 18 20 78 43 00 225 uf 333 35 45° 25 74 50 30 65 100+- 335 88 22 25 73 33 40 89 31 336 88 21 50 73 32 00 197 6 344 40 01 00 70 538 00 129 1 Munida valida, sp. nov. (Pl. 1.) A large species with the general appearance of M. Bamfia, but at once distinguished from it, and from I. tenuimana, and Caribea? Smith as well, by the short and obtusely rounded epimera of all the abdominal somites. Excluding the rostrum, the carapax is about three-fourths as broad as long; including the rostrum, about four-sevenths as broad as long, the rostrum being more than a fourth the entire length. The rostrum and the spines at its base are shorter and stouter than the M. Bamffia, and the latter are about three-fifths as long as the rostrum, strongly diver- gent and directed somewhat upward, while the rostrum is herizontal. The number and position of the spines on the dorsal surface and along the lateral margins of the earapax are very nearly as in M. Bamffia, ex- cept that there are no spines along the raised posterior margin. The orbital part of the anterior margin is more oblique than in M. Bamfia, and the antennal spine is not, as in that species, at the antero-lateral angle, but the margin between the antennal and hepatic spines is only a very little more oblique than the orbital margin, and the antero-lateral angle is really formed by the hepatic spine. The carapax is apparently wider and less convex than in AZ. Bamfia, the sutures of the dorsal sur- face are deeper, and the transverse ruge are apparently fewer and more conspicuous. The eyes are about as large as in M. Bamffia, but not so strongly com- pressed. The basal segment of the antennula is armed with a slender spine arising from the prominence on the outer margin and directed forward, a larger spine on the outer edge of the distal end, and between these two a long spine, two-thirds as long as the segment itself, directed obliquely upward, while at the distal end of the inner side there is only an inconspicuous dentiform spine in place of the very long and slender spine found there in M. Bamffia, tenwimana, and Caribea? Smith. The flagella of the antennz are subcylindrical, slender, nearly naked, and not far from twice as long as the entire length of the body. The merus of the external maxilliped is not distinctly tapered dis- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 43 tally, and the ventral edge is armed with a slender spine at the distal end and a larger one a little way from the proximal end. The chelipeds are equal, and in the male about two and a half times as long as the carapax, and resemble those of M. Bamffia very closely. In the male, the merus is nearly as long as the carapax, the carpus about two-fifths as long as the merus, and the chela much longer than the merus, much more slender, with the digits fully three-fourths as long as the body, slender, straight, and the prehensile edges in contact throughout. Although the single male seen is very large, there is no sign whatever of the expansion of the chela at the base of the digits, due largely to a curvature in the basal part of the propodal digit, which seems to be characteristic of the old males of all the species of the genus. The dorsal surface of the abdomen is sculptured very much like the carapax, and the second and third somites are each armed with a series of small spines along the anterior edge above the facet, but there are no similar spines on the succeeding somites. The epimera of the second to the sixth somite are short, and obtusely rounded below, but those of the second and fifth are broader than the others. The telson and uropods are as in IM. Bamfia. As in all the other species of the genus which I have seen, the append- ages of the first abdominal semite are shorter than those of the second, and composed of a slender protopod and a single thin lamella, which is much shorter than the protopod, broad, obtuse at the distal extremity, with a few marginal set, and rolled together anteriorly into a spoon- shaped appendage; while the protopod in the second pair of appendages is much longer than in the first, and bears a narrow, setigerous, and somewhat twisted lamella, with a minute rudiment of a second lamella at its base. The appendages of the third, fourth, and fifth somites are alike, and in each the protopod (apparently) is expanded into a broad oval lamella, margined with long sets along the outer edge and at the tip, and bearing, on the inside near the tip, a small styliform appendage, composed of two segments. In the female the appendages of the second somite, though apparently not ovigerous, are about half as long as those of the third, with the protopod about as long as the endopod, which is composed of two subequal segments, and all the segments bear numerous long plumose set; the appendages of the third, fourth, and fifth somites are ovigerous, alike, nearly equal in size, and the two distal segments are subequal in length, and each about as long as the protopod. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. I have seen only two specimens, from which the following measure- ments, in millimeters, were taken: 1 Poe OX einem coe a mecec as oo em erie ae tenn aes ae oe alee ome eee ply eile em mle = = alain nl rol 2 Length, tip of-rostrum to top of telson ..~.~- -.2- 22-222. 22cm enw n ee noe 0 -- = omens 83. 0 70.0 enein of carapax, cluding TOSpPaM. oo. ones sense ane ea ia ete ee eee ale oleate ele 43.0 39.0 Mensh OL VOStMUaM (= == ec sane ee es ae iee seen nena wae are See cake 11.8 10.8 Breadth of carapax at cervical suture 20.0 18.0 Greatest breadth. .--- 24. 0 22.0 Leneth of cheliped - 110.0 75+ Length of merus.-.- 41.0 29.0 Length of carpus... 16. 0 14.0 Length of chela .... 48. 0 28+ GON CGH OMAR CLV IUS erm pene eecias eens ce ann cle aie a ee ele iets Seat se does: 20a eaeeer enpth\ofiirst ambulatory log) 2a. ss asceein == 2 eeedenene cee eRe eins © newitele seme ian eee 77.0 62.0 GTOAUEN OTA GLELIOMO VC ete te re oe e eels mote aca tee elm eben ote ete etme ele tesla wei 5. 2 5.0 en cihiol telson cess seo cec cee s seace cece «cals cesisebelae eine ence bolsacet ema atemicu ome asaya 10. 0 9.7 ISiNEL NOMA Cre Tes) ia) ES See hee ee eee oe OR ee oncon ac che ase mconeecorseassersoc 16. 0 14. 0 Station— N. lat. | W. long. | Fathoms. | serine, fo] / °o / UTR) aR ene eeeaaisibeinc OS" Gere Bon sdoodaeseeeoooHs 39 56 70 35 245 1g I ene a taal feelers aoe cee nines meee ee een ee ele ee rtaters 40 OL 68 54 640 1¢ Humunida, gen. nov. The single species of the genus here proposed has the general ap- - pearance of Munida, but is at once distinguished from it and all the allied genera by the five-spined front, the position and structure of the peduncles of the antenne, the absence of branchiz at the bases of the external maxillipeds, the very broad and transversely segmented telson, and the absence of appendages upon the first five somites of the abdo- men of the male. The carapax is strongly contracted below anteriorly, so that the peduncles of the axtenne are near together and immediately beneath the well-developed eyes. The proximal segment of the peduncle of antennula is slender, subcylindrical, but with a small protuberance near the base where the auditory organ is situated, and unarmed. The peduncle of the antenna is highly developed and armed with numerous spines, of which one is articulated by a broad base to the second seg- ment and evidently represents the antennal seale. The oral appendages and thoracic legs are similar to those of Munida, but there are neither branchiz nor epipods at the bases of the external maxillipeds, though in other respects the branchial formula is the same. The telson is short aud broad, more or less membranaceous, and divided by a transverse articulation, so that the distal part may be folded beneath the basal part. The female has well-developed appendages, all apparently ovig- erous, upon the second to the fifth somite of the abdomen, but there are no appendages whatever on any of the first five somites in the adult male. Eumunida picta, sp. nov. (Pl. 2, Fig. 2; Pl. 3, Figs. 6-10; Pl. 4, Figs. 1-3a.) The carapax at the posterior part of the branchial region is about as PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 45 broad as the length, excluding the rostrum, but is rapidly narrowed ante- riorly, and at the bases of the antennz is scarcely half as broad. Back of the cervical suture the dorsal surface is regularly convex transversely, but the anterior part of the elevated gastric region is flat or slightly con- cave, and the orbital margins are perpendicular and hidden from above by the bases of the supraorbital spines. The anterior edge of the front is slightly arcuate and armed with five slender, acute, and subeylindri- cal spines, a median with two supraorbital each side; the median, or rostrum proper, is about half as long as the rest of the carapax, straight and horizontal; the supraorbital spines each side are approximately parallel with the rostrum, but directed slightly upward so that their tips are a little above the plane of the rostrum, are separated from the rostrum more widely than from each other, and the inner is nearly three-fourths as long as the rostrum while the outer is scarcely half as long as the inner. Immediately back of the outer of these spines there is a prominent and acute spine directed forward, and on a line between this and the hepatic spine of the lateral margin there are two much smaller spines on the steep side of the gastric region back of the orbit. The lateral margin is arcuate in outline and armed with seven acute spiniform teeth directed forward and decreasing successively in size posteriorly; the anterior, or antennal, is separated from the base of the antenna by a considerable space and is nearly as long as the outer supraorbital spine, the second is on the hepatic region, and the remain- ing five are all on the branchial region, the posterior one being very small in adult specimens and nearly or quite obsolete in young speci- mens 15™™ in length. The dorsal surface is marked with transverse Tug, is sparsely clothed with minute hairs, and, except the spines already mentioned, is unarmed. The cervical suture is well marked and the gastro-hepatic distinct. The infero-lateral region is of nearly the same form as in the typical species of Munida and terminates ante- riorly in an acute spine a little in front of the first lateral spine. The eyes are black, smaller than in the typical species of Munida, nearly globular, and are borne on short stalks, the whole length being scarcely more than a fourth greater than the diameter of the cornea. The peduncle of the antennula reaches to about the tip of the ros- trum; the segments are all approximately equal in length, nearly naked, entirely unarmed, slender, and subcylindrical, though the proximal seg- ment is cousiderably stouter than the others, and has a conspicuous protuberance over the auditory organ. The upper flagellum is about as long as thedistal segment of the peduncle, swollen toward the base, and tapered to a very slender tip. The lower flagellum is very slender throughout and shorter than the upper. The peduncle of the antenna reaches to about the tip of the second segment of the peduncle of the antennula, and is armed with numerous spines; the first segment is ex- posed at the antero-lateral angle of the carapax and projects anteriorly in a sharp tooth; the second segment is very short, armed externally 46 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. with a stout dentiform spine directed forward, and above bears a slen. der spiniform appendage curved slightly upward and outward, anda little longer than the fourth segment ; the third segment projects below the fourth segment in a slender spiniform process reaching by the fourth segment; the fourth segment is nearly as long as the diamete of the eye, beyond which it reaches considerably, and is armed at the distal end by a long spine projecting beneath and beyond the ultimate segment, and above and on the outer side by two smail teeth; the ulti- mate segment is little more than half as long as the fourth, about once and a half as long as broad, and armed at the distal end with three long and approximately equal and equidistant spines. The flagellum is nearly as long as the whole body, slender, slightly compressed verti- cally, sparsely armed with minute sete, and, at long intervals, with a few very long and slender sete. The mandibles and maxille are very nearly as in Munida Bamffia, but the proximal lobe of the protognath of the first maxilla is broader and less prolonged and more obtusely rounded anteriorly. The proximal lobe of the protopod of the first maxilliped projects very little anteriorly, and the distal lobe is fully twice as long as broad. The endopod projects considerably beyond the protopod, is less curved than in Munida Lamffia, searcely at all tapered distally, and clothed with slender sete along the inner edge and at the obtuse tip. The basal portion of the exopod is longer than the endopod, from a sixth to an eighth as broad as long, sparsely setigerous along the edges, and bears a slender flagellum slightly less than half as long as the basal part, and obscurely multiarticulate distally. The epipod is small, about half as long as the endopod, tapered to the tip, and setigerous distally. The second maxilliped resembles closely that of Munida Bamffia, but the endopod is shorter and stouter, the merus being scarcely more than twice as long as broad, and the basal part of the exopod is a little shorter, scarcely narrowed distally, and somewhat less setigerous. The ischium and merus in the external maxilliped are approximately equal in length, the ischium unarmed at the distal end, but with the inner angle dentate as usual; the merus is only very slightly expanded on the inner side, and bears only a small spine near the distal end; the propodus is narrow, with a very slight expansion on the inner side; and the dactyius is considerably smaller than the propodus, and subeylin. drical. The basal part of the exopod does not reach the distal end of the merus. There are no maxillipedal arthrobranchie, as there are in the species of Munida. The chelipeds are not far from three times as long as the carapax, including the rostrum, and are apparently not much shorter propor- tionally in the females and young than in the adult males. The merus is subcylindrieal, considerably longer than the carapax, including the rostrum, and is armed with four longitudinal series of spines, of which those forming the two series on the inner side are much larger than / PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 47 those of the outer series, and these larger still than those of the lower series, which are quite small; there are eight to twelve of the larger spines in each series, and the surface between the spines, and also on the carpus and the body of the chela, is roughened with small squami- form and sparsely setigerous elevations. The carpus is short and armed with three distal spines on the inner side, and with a few small spines and tubercles on the outer side. The chela is just about as long as the merus and no stouter; the body is subeylindrical, considerably longer than the digits, and armed along the inner side with two series of spines corresponding with the two inner series on the merus, but the spines are much smaller and more crowded; the digits are slender, nearly straight laterally, but curved slightly downward at the tips, and the prehensile edges are irregularly dentate. The first pair of ambulatory legs reach about to the middle of the carpi of the chelipeds; the dorsal edge of the merus is compressed and armed with a series of about ten large spines; the antero-inferior angle is armed with a similar series of much smaller spines, and there is, in addition, a large spine on the posterior side below the articulation with the carpus; the carpus is short and crested above with a series of spines like the merus, and the posterior side in both carpus and merus is rough- ened like the surface of the chelipeds; the propodus is about as long as the merus, slender, compressed laterally, with a few long sete on the upper edge and a series of short spiniform setz below, but without true spines or teeth; the dactylus is nearly half as long as the propodus, broad, strongly compressed, terminates in a strong chitinous tip, and is armed below with a closely set series of setiform chitinous spines de- creasing in size proximally. The second pair are like the first, except that the merus is unarmed below. The third pair are considerably shorter than the second, reaching scarcely to the tips of the propodi of the second pair, and there is a series of small spines along the middle posterior side of the merus, but in other respects they are like the third pair. The posterior pair of thoracic legs are much shorter than in the typical species of Munida, being only about as long as the meri of the third pair of ambulatory legs; the merus and carpus are about equal in length, and each is considerably longer than the ischium; the chela is little more than half as long as the carpus, but swollen distally, so as to be much broader, and the prehensile edge of the propodus and the articu- lation with short, stout, and strongly curved dactylus is terminal and nearly transverse, the propodal digit being reduced to a slight angular projection. The chela and distal end of the carpus are densely clothed with long sete. The consolidated sternal plates between the bases of the chelipeds and true ambulatory legs are marked by a deep longitudinal median sulcus on each somite, are separated from each other by conspicuous sulci, and the plate between the bases of the chelipeds is armed each 48 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. side with a small spiniform tooth projecting forward, and the plane of the plate is much below the very narrow sternal plate at the bases of the external maxillipeds. The sternum of the last thoracie somite is entirely membranaceous, without any calcified plate or bar between the bases of the posterior legs. The abdomen is broad, evenly rounded above, and without longitudi- nal carine; the epimera are all very short; and the sterna of all the somites are almost entirely membranaceous, like that of the last thoracic somite. The dorsum of the first somite rises in a sharp and very nar- row transverse ridge back of the facet which slides beneath the carapax, and is inclosed either side by the anterior projection of the epimera of the second somite. The epimeron of the second somite is truncated below, but projects forward in a sharp angle at the side of the carapax, and above the angle is armed with a large, curved, and acute spine, directed forward above the lateral margin of the carapax. ‘The epimera of the third, fourth, and fifth somites are truncated, with the angles more or less rounded, and those of the sixth obtuse. The second and third somites are each marked above by two transverse ciliated ruge, the fourth and fifth each by three similar but less conspicuous rug in adults, or only two in the young, and the sixth somite and all the epimera are marked by broken and irregular ruge or squamiform ele- vations. The sixth somite is much longer than the fifth, about a third as long as broad, and the postero-lateral edge outside the articulation of the uropod is oblique and nearly straight. The telson in full-grown specimens is only as long as the sixth somite, and twice as broad as long, but in young specimens is proportionally longer and narrower. The whole appendage is thin and slightly,calei- fied; the lateral margins are deeply incised about the middle and the incisions connected by a transverse membranous articulation, so that the distal part is readily folded beneath the proximal. The distal part is notched at the middle of the posterior edge and longitudinally divided by a membranous line, so that it appears to be formed of two trans- verse elliptical plates, each nearly twice as broad as long, and of which the posterior and lateral edges are thickly ciliated. The inner lamella of the uropod is fully as long as the telson, about two-thirds as broad as long, elliptical, the inner and distal edges armed with spines, which are small on the inner and very minute and crowded on the distal edge, and the entire margin, except near the base, is ciliated with numerous long hairs. The outer lamella is longer and broader than the inner, narrowed and somewhat excavated on the inner edge near the nee and margined with hairs like the inner. There are no appendages whatever on any of the first five aba oni somites in any of the adult males examined. In young specimens, 15™™ or less in length, in which the sexual characters are not manifest, but which are possibly immature males, or more probably immature females, there are, however, on the second to the fifth somite, rudimentary, very PROCEEDINGS OF ‘UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49 Vol. VI, No.4. Washington, D.C. Jume 20, 1883. minute, and naked appendages, obscurely divided into a large proximal and a small distal segment. In the adult female the appendages of the second to the fifth somite are similar, approximately alike in size, appar- ently all ovigerous, and each appears to be composed of only two seg- ments, of which the distalis about half as long as the proximal. None of the specimens seen are carrying eggs. Five specimens give the following measurements in millimeters: Station— 1152. | 1152. | 1043. | 1097. | 1097. SOX - 8 oe eee oe ne eee nw ee cence cen nn en ene nenee Young.| of ro Q f°) Length, tip of rostrum to tip of telson. -..-.-..--.------.----- 15. 0 23.5 43.0 24.0 40.0 Length of carapax, including rostrum .......---------------- 8.5 13.0 23.7 13. 4 PPA UGH STON TOSOLOM soon =e on ema cecemn ens wenteneasce= 2.5 4.5 8.1 4.6 8.0 Breadth at bases of antennal spines .----.-.----------------- 4.1 6.0 11.0 6.2 10.2 Greutest breadth, including spines 5. 5 8.5 15. 6 9.0 14.5 Length of cheliped -..................- 27.0 34. 0 68. 0 40. 0 57.0 Length of mer BS Jobt onodso Sapsesoe see 10.5 15. 0 30. 0 18.0 24.0 Length of carpus...........--..-....- 1.5 2.5 5.2 2.6 4.3 Length of che = soe Sosisaesabesaeeae 11.0 15. 0 30. 0 18.0 24.5 Length of dactylus - Bode cence on 4.7 6.4 14.0 hed 11.4 Length of first ambulatory leg ----...- 13.5 20.0 38. 0 21.0 35. 0 PO AIMEGOE OL GVO -r).hiscis-siee's4 oes tesa =i 1.3 reir 3. 0 1.8 3.0 LEGS a 11 (AG OVC Se a el te a a a 1.4 2.1 | 4.0 2.2 4.0 PERM MGM UOISU Mes fo oa we onlata daw cieniocnacls/cusdcouetdees 2.0 3.7 8.0 3.9 8.0 Specimens examined. a | y No. of speei- g £ 3 mens. . ~ 3 Locality = S 2 ~ a W.1 = 2 g N. lat. ong. J z FI 3 9 s Bi 8 a ee S (7) a taal 7 A a E e OFF MARTHA’S, VINEYARD o 7 Guy! 1881. 1038 39 58 70 06 146 | S.Sh. Sept. 21|11ly.1] 0 1882. 1097 39 54 69 44 158 | fine S. | Aug. 11 2) 0 1098 39 53 69 43 156 | fineS. Aug. Tb ea 1; 0 1152 39 58 70 35 115 s. Oct. 4 2 1y. OFF DELAWARE BAY. 1881. 1043 88 39 foe 1d sae Ss. Oct. 10|1 | In the specimen from station 1152, after preservation in alcohol for a short time, the coloration had apparently not changed very materially, and was very striking. The whole dorsal surface of the carapax and abdomen was light red, lightest on the abdomen and darkest on the ros- trum and spines of the carapax. The chelipeds and three pairs of am- bulatory legs were very intense bright red, except the digits of the chelz Proc. Nat. Mus. 88——4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. ; and the distal extremities of the ambulatory legs to very near the bases of the propodi, which parts were white, the color stopping on each of these appendages very suddenly at the point where they cease to be armed with spines. All the other specimens show more or less distinct indications of the same coloration. Anoplonotus politus, gen. et sp. nov. (Pl. 2, Fig. 1; Pl. 3, Figs. 1-5a.) Excluding the rostrum, the carapax is nearly as broad as long; includ- ing the rostrum, seven to eight tenths as broad as long, the rostrum being rather less than a fourth of the entire length. The rostrum is vertically flattened, though obscurely carinated longitudinally above, horizontally triangular, but not acute at the tip, and slightly curved downward distally. There are no spines or tubercles upon the carapax, but the gastrie region is somewhat protuberant and separated from the branchial regions by a broad sulcus each side, and from the prominent cardiac region by a still deeper sulcus which extends either side as a shallow sulcus across the branchial region, which is again crossed by a narrower sulcus in front, but the cardiac region is not conspicuously separated from the branchial region either side of it. The orbital por- tion of the anterior margin is narrow and advanced considerably in front of the antero lateral angles, which are formed by the hepatic regions and are nearly right-angular. The lateral margins are slightly curved, and the greatest breadth is a little back of the middle. The surface of the carapax is granulose, particularly along the sides, where the granules are arranged in transverse lines. The small eyes are partially beneath the rostrum, and scarcely reach its middle; there is a slight protuberance on the outer side of the stalk near the base; and the eye itself is semitranslucent in the alcoholic specimens; its diameter is rather less than that of the stalk and about half the whole length, and the cornea is apparently entirely without facets. The basal segment of the peduncle of the antennula is a little shorter _ than the rostrum, about three-fourths as broad as long, somewhat swollen on the outer side, and armed with two teeth at the distal extrem- ity. The second and third segments are slender, subequal in length- and each searcely as long as the basal. The upper flagellum is about | as long as the distal segment of the peduncle, the basal portion swollen and composed of numerous short segments, while the distal portion is very slender and composed of about five elongated segments. The lower flagellum is little more than half as long as the upper, slender through- | out, and composed of about three segments. The peduncle of the an- tenna arises just outside the peduncle of the antennula and at some distance from the antero-lateral angle of the carapax, scarcely reaches — the tip of the rostrum, and its three distal segments are slender. The flagellum is very slender, and reaches to about the tips of the cheli-— peds. | | 4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 51 The mandibles are of essentially the same form as in J/unida; the molar area is transverse to the body of the mandible, narrow, naked, and separated from the broad and edentulous ventral process by adeep excavation; and the palpus is slender, triarticulate, and armed with few and short sete. The protognathal lobes of the first maxilla are approximately equal in size, rather broad at the ends, and armed as usual with slender spines upon the distal, and numerous setz upon the proximal lobe. The endognath is much shorter than the distal lobe of the protognath, slender, tapered to an obtuse point, and armed with two series of small setz, one at the tip and the other below the middle. The protognathal lobes of the second maxilla are approximately equal in size, and each lobe is divided into two lobules very unequal in width, the two middle lobules being approximately a third as wide as the an- terior and posterior, though all four of the lobules are of about the same length. The endognath is a little longer than the distal lobe of the protognath, tapers to a slender tip, and is armed with a very few sete along the middle of its length. The anterior portion of the sea- phognath is a little shorter than the endognath, broad, slightly narrowed anteriorly, but broad and obtusely rounded at the tip, while the poste- rior portion is short, transversely truncated behind, broader than long, and somewhat triangular in outline, with the angles rounded. The tips of the lobes of the protopod of the first maxilliped are rounded and nearly alike, but the distal lobe is considerably longer than the proximal, being about twice as long as broad. The endopod is about as long as the distal lobe of the protopod, narrow, tapered to an obtuse tip, very strongly curved, the outer edge margined with slender sete distally, and proximally witha very few sete near the inner edge. The exopod is lamellar, a little longer than the endopod and much broader, being about a fifth as broad as long, rapidly narrowed at the extremity, and margined with slender set along the outer edge. The epipod is about as broad but scarcely as long as the distal lobe of the protopod, triangular at the extremity, and ciliated at the tip and along the outer edge. Theendopod of the second maxilliped is of nearly equal breadth from the base to the dactylus; the ischium is scarcely longer than broad; the merus nearly three times as long as broad and about as long as the three terminal segments taken together; the carpus and propo- dus are subequal in length; the dactylus is shorter and much narrower than the propodus, and rounded at the tip; and all the segments are more or less armed as usual with sete of different forms, and at the distal end of the inner edge there is a single slender spine or spiniform setz in addition to a few short sete. The exopod is much larger than the endopod; the unsegmented basal portion is nearly uniform in breadth for about the proximal two-thirds of its length, where it expands in an obtuse prominence opposite the carpus of the endopod, but from this prominence it tapers to the articulation with the slender flagellum ; except near the tip both edges are margined with short set, and the 52 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. prominence of the inner edge bears in addition a submarginal series of six to eight Jong sete; the flagellum is about half as long as the basal part, distinctly articulated near the middle, and the terminal fourth of the whole length very obscurely multiarticulate and furnished with long sete. The external maxillipeds, when extended, reach a little by the tip of the rostrum; the ischium is nearly twice as long as broad and triquetral, with the dorso-internal angle sharply and regularly dentate; the merus is slightly shorter than the ischium, nearly as broad as long, expanded distally and armed with two obtuse teeth on the inner side and with a single tooth outside the articulation of the carpus; the three distal seg- ments are slender and together about equal in length to the ischium and merus, the propodus being about as long as the merus, and the earpus and dactylus successively a little shorter. The epipod and ex- opod are well developed, and the basal part of latter reaches considera- bly by the merus. The chelipeds are equal and about three times as long as the carapax, the merus being about as long as the earapax, and the chela considera- bly longer. In the females and young males the chelipeds are very slender and subcylindrical throughout, with the chela scarcely, if at all, stouter than the carpus, and with the digits straight and very slender. In the large males the chelipeds are very much stouter; the body of the chela is expanded and vertically flattened distally, and the digits gape widely at the base, the proximal half of the propodal digit being strongly curved and unarmed, while the distal part of the pre- hensile edge is straight and minutely serrate like the corresponding part of the dactylus, with which it is in contact when the digits are closed; the basal part of the dactylus is only slightly curved, but is armed with an obtuse tubercle on the prehensile edge near the base; and the whole prehensile edges of both digits are more or less hairy. The three pairs of ambulatory legs are slender and subequal in length, about as long as the body, and the dactyli are slender, strongly curved, more than half as long as the propodi, and unarmed. The pos- terior legs are very small and slender and of essentially the same form as in Munida. There are no epipods at the bases of any of the thoracic legs. The abdomen is considerably shorter and much narrower than the carapax, and its dorsal surface is nearly smooth and devoid of carine, except on the edges of the sixth somite, as described beyond, though there is a slight transverse suleus on the middle portion of the second somite, which is also raised sharply above the small facet which slides under the carapax. The epimera of the second somite are broad; the third and fourth somites are short, and their epimera very narrow and acute; the fifth somite is a little longer than the fourth, and its epimera broader and more obtuse than those of the fourth; while the sixth somite is slightly longer than the fifth, and the postero-lateral margins » PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53 of its epimera are excavated to fit accurately the outer edges of the bases of the uropods, and are margined with a narrow carina. The telson is approximately two-thirds as long as broad, narrowed posteriorly, with the posterior angles rounded and the posterior edge slightly emarginate in the middle. The telson is stiffened by eight distinct calcified plates; a broad median basal plate, with a small one either side at the base of the uropod and a small median one behind it and between a pair of broad lateral plates, still behind which there is a second pair which meet in the middle line and form the tips and lateral angles. The lamellz of the uropods are about as long as the telson, a little longer than wide, the inner slightly longer than the outer, and each widest near the extremity, which is broadly rounded in outline, while the outer edge is nearly straight. In the male the first and second pairs of abdominal appendages are well developed and of nearly the same form as in the species of Munida. Those of the first pair are about as long as the protopods of the second pair, with the protopod somewhat triquetral and naked except a few setz along the distal part of the inner edge, and with the single ter- minal lamella slightly shorter than the protopod but much broader, very thin, margined with sete distally and along the outer edge, and the edges rolled together on the anterior side. In the second pair the pro- topod is slender and naked, and bears a narrow, lanceolate lamella a little shorter than the protopod and clothed with numerous sete along both edges and on the proximal part of the anterior side, and at its base a minute second lamella much narrower than the other, scarcely as broad as long, and naked. The appendages of the third, fourth, and fifth somites are rudimentary, very minute, and almost wholly naked; they are scarcely an eighth as long as the appendages of the second somite, very slender, and with a single terminal lamella smaller than the protopod. Inthe female there are no appendages upon the first somite of the abdomen, and the appendages of the second somite are very minute, slender, and tipped with a few small sete. The append- ages of the third, fourth, and fifth somites are well developed, unira- mous, and ovigerous; they increase in size successively from the third to the fifth, and each appendage is composed of a slender protopod and a shorter terminal portion composed of two segments of which the termi- nal is the longer. ‘ The eggs in the alcoholic specimens are approximately spherical, 1.50" to 1.75" in diameter, and very few in number, the two largest egg-bearing specimens carrying less than thirty eggs each, while the ° three smaller specimens carry nine, three, and two each, though a very few eggs may have been lost from these last specimens. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. . Three specimens from station 941 give the following measurements in millimeters: 1 2. 3 Sex .---------------- +--+ =< eee ne ne ee ee eee ee en cee ene ee eee eee cS i Length, tip of rostrum to tip of telson. --. ee eee eee eee ewe ween = om 22. 0 17.5 17.5 Length of carapax, including rostrum... ..-...--------.-2ss---eeen---eene -=-- 12.2 9.4 9.3 Length of rostrum ..-.-.---.----------. --- 2 o-oo een conn cen ween == =e 3.0 2.3 2.2 Breadthiof carapax.at anterior ancless-seeca. = anmem ae mcie= ama teaaaenin= =e =e 7.0 5.4 Ba Greatest breadth Of Carapax= coe o- os ae ooo a ene ose nemesis ann scent === 9.0 7.3 7.0 Mencibvot Cheliped ernest see= = seine een ae eee eee et al eae anteater eee 35. 0 31.0 28.0 ee Uy OF TAO GUS ieee se ta ante ae mm a ie alee mee 12.0 11.0 10.0 IEC ilo meNy Se See a eRe Sse ee Soe so sore ss sseaosehe. Sse 5.0 4.3 3.8 Ib iiya di Wid (Ns) Css Sao Eis eee eecocan Sg mech ae epeoseisooseos Sooo. asos 15.9 13.3 11.5 Greatest breadth of chelavrnse=-sce ace ana- eee een = be her aeaae aiee ee eae er aee ate 4.0. 2.1 1.3 Length of dactylus..--.-. 2-0. 22.22 + ~~ eon ce ename win weenie senna n= ceneennencnn== 6.5 5.2 4.6 ensthohmirsiam bolatony lem sib eee =e eee eee nee een eee niet 22. 0 19.0 BYES) Wen ob Of belSOW eee omic <= 2 6 op mae ae ee eel ae ae ae me ee 3.3 2.5 2.5 IBTeN Oth OL teISOU ee ee sete salar eleln < eleatelee ae mo ll Sa eae 4.5 3.6 3.5 Diameter Of CY © .- 2.22 2 -- 2 sn nnn no ewe ne enna en nen nen ee mene anna nnn a= 0.6 0.5 0.5 | Specimens examined. g No. of | = | No. of speci- ; 8 3 mens. 2 Locality. ee 3 | i & | Nature of bot- = ra § A a tom. 2 ey) a 8 N. lat. ° W. long. a FI 3 re) s a = By | aI zs ~~ 2 Rel ‘= a A = El A Pe i 7 ne | OFF MARTHA’S VINEYARD. rote elas i u | 1880, 871 | 40 02 54 70 23 40 | 115 fne. S. M. | Sept. 4 1} \ 0’ | Ale. 873 40 02 00 70 57 00 100 sft. M. Sept. 13 | 1 1 ile el DY 874 | 40 00 00 70 57 00 |. 8 M. Sept. 13 1] °-0'| Do, Pea 1881. | ra. 8. an 940! 39 54 00 69 51 30 | 134 ; MI EGR. } Aug. 4/2 1 ee i OY 941} 40 01 00 69 56 00 79 hrd.8., M. | Aug. 4 13 3 | 38 | Do. In the manuscript sent to the printer I referred this species to Hlas- monotus with considerable hesitation, though it agreed very well with the brief diagnosis given by Milne-Edwards (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, viii, p. 60). The recently published figures of HL. Vaillantii (Recueil de figures de Crustacés nouveau ou peu connus, April, 1883), _ however, seem to show that my species is generically as well as spe- cifically distinct trom Hlasmonotus, being distinguished by the short and broad merus of the external maxilliped, the absence of spines, teeth, or caring: upon the carapax and abdomen, and by the greater breadth of the carapax, if the measurements given by Milne-Edwards, are correct.* The species here described is apparently also distin- guished generically by the small and non-segmented exopod of the first maxilliped, and specially by the rudimentary character of the append- ages of the third, fourth, and fifth somites of the abdomen. The number PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55 and arrangement of the branchie, as indicated in the following formula, is the same as in Munida: Somite— ° VARIES >| VLE IX. Be xi, 2G 054) .000& | XIV. | Total. EOS ele ony» sions 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 (2) Podobranchiw............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arthrobranchix .........-. 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 10 Pleurobranchiw# ........... 0 0 0 0 al 1 1 1 4 14+(2) *There is a perplexing disagreement in Milne-Edwards’s characterization of his species between the descriptions of the proportions of the carapax and the accom- panying measurements. £. brevimanus and abdominalis are each said to have the cara- pax narrower (‘plus étroite”) than EH. longimanus, though the measurements given show LZ. brevimanus to be very much, and £, abdominalis slightly, broader than EL. longimanus. NEw HAVEN, Conn., December 28, 1882. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. All the figures on Plates I and II; Figs.4 and 5, Plate IV; Figs. 4, 4a, 4b, and 5, Plate V; and Fig. 5, Plate VI, were drawn by J. H. Emerton. All the other figures were drawn by the author, PLATE I. Munida valida Smith. Dorsal view of male, from station 1112, natural size. Fic. Fig. Fic. FiG. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fic. Fia. FiaG. Fig. FIG. FIG. Fic. Fia. Fig. Fig. PLATE IL, 1.—Anoplonotus politus Smith. Dorsal view of a male, from station 941, en- larged two diameters. 2.—Eumunida picta Smith. Dorsal view of a male, from station 1043, natural size. PLATE III. 1.—Anoplonotus politus. First maxilla of the right side, seen from below, of a male from station 941, enlarged twelve diameters. 2.—Second maxilla of the right side of the same specimen, enlarged twelve diameters. 3.—First maxilliped of the right side of the same specimen, enlarged twelve diameters. 4.—Second maxilliped of the right side of the same specimen, enlarged twelve diameters. 5.—External maxilliped of the right side of same specimen, enlarged eight diam- eters. ‘ 5a.—Ischium and merus of the same appendage, seen from above, enlarged eight diameters. 6.—Eumida picta. First maxilla of the right side of a male, from station 1098, seen from below, enlarged eight diameters. 7.—Second maxilla of the right side of the same specimen, enlarged eight diam- eters. 8.—First maxilliped of the right side of the same specimen, enlarged eight di- ameters. ' 9.—Posterior thoracic leg of the same specimen, enlarged eight diameters. 10.—Appendage of the fifth somite of the abdomen of a young specimen, 15™™ long, from station 1152, enlarged twenty-four diameters. 11.—Munida Caribea? Smith. First maxilliped of a male, from station 1048, enlarged eight diameters. PLATE IV. 1.—Eumida picta. Extremity of the abdomen of a male, from station 1098, dorsal view, enlarged three and a half diameters. 2.—Extremity of the abdomen of a young male, from station 1152, enlarged four diameters. 3.—Peduncle of right antenna of a male, dorsal view, from station 1152, enlarged eight diameters; a, acicle, or articulated spine, of the second segment, representing the antennal scale; b, third segment, projecting anteriorly in a long spine. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 57 Fic. 3a.—The same, side view; a, as in last figure. Fic. 4.—Lupagurus politus Smith. Lateral view of left side of a male, from station 922, natural size. : Fig. 5.—Catapagurus Sharreri A, M.-Edwards. Lateral view of left side of a male in a carcincecium, formed by Adamsia sociabilis Verrill, from station 940, enlarged two diameters. PLATE VV. Fic. 1.—Lupagurus bernhardus Brandt. Outline of transverse section through the lower part of the anterior arthrobranchia of the thirteenth somite (pen- ultimate thoracic), showing the form of the lamellw, enlarged eight diameters; a, afferent, and b, efferent vessel. Fic. 2.—Sympagurus pictus Smith. Outline of similar section of the corresponding - branchia of a female, from station 924, enlarged eight diameters, and lettered as in the last figure. Fig. 2a.—Extremity of the same branchia, side view, enlarged eight diameters. Fia. 3.—Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith. Outline of similar section of the correspond- ing branchia of a male, from station 880, enlarged eight diameters, and lettered as in Figs. 1 and 2. Fic. 3a.—Extremity of the same branchia, side view, enlarged eight diameters. Fic. 4.—Parapagurus pilosimanus. Lateral view of the left side of the originally described male specimen, taken on a trawl-line off Nova Scotia, half natural size. Fig. 4a.—Dorsal view of the carapax and anterior appendages of the same specimen, natural size. Fi1G. 4b.—Dorsal view of the chelipeds of the same specimen, half natural size. Fic. 5.—Dorsal view of a male in the carcinecium (Epizoanthus paguriphilus Verrill), from station 947, natural size. PLATS -V.I. Fic. 1.—Parapagurus pilosimanus. First maxilla of the right side, seen from below, of a male from station 880, enlarged six diameters. Fie. 2.—Second maxilla of the right side of the same specimen, enlarged six diam- eters. Fig. 3.—First maxilliped of the right side of the same specimen, enlarged six diam- eters. Fie. 4.—Appendage of the right side of the first somite of the abdomen of the same specimen, seen from behind, enlarged four diameters. Fic. 4a.—Appendage of the right side of the second somite of the abdomen of the same specimen, seen from behind, enlarged four diameters. Fig. 5.—Sympagurus pictus. Dorsal view, from life, of a male in the carcinecium ( Urticina consors Verrill), from station 924, one-half natural size. I'14@. 6.—First maxilla of the right side of a female, from station 1114, enlarged six diameters. Fig. 7.—Second maxilla of the right side of the same specimen, enlarged six diam- eters. Fic. 8.—First maxilliped of the right side of the same specimen, enlarged six diam- eters. Fie. 9.—Eupagurus bernhardus. First maxilliped of the right side of a male, from station 119 (Halifax, Nova Scotia), enlarged six diameters. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF THE COMMANDER ISLANDS. NO. 1—NOTES ON THE NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW CETA- CEANS. By LEONHARD STEJNEGER. Prof. SPENCER F. BAIRD, Secretary Smithsonian Institution, Director U. S. National Museum: DEAR Sir: As announced in my letter from San Francisco, the steamer “Alexander” started on the 5th of April at noon. The wind was very unfavorable, most of the time blowing from the west, and very often with a force of 40 miles an hour or more. Up to the 24th my observations show twice only a direction of wind from a different quarter. As we were compelled to make about one thousand miles under sail, our progress was necessarily slow, so that on the 23d of April we found ourselves only in longitude 145° west, and latitude 50° 35’ north, about 500 miles southwest from Sitka, and as many miles southeast from Kodiak. On the 30th of April we passed the Aleutian chain be- tween Seguam and Annlia, in fog and sleet, and Bering Sea received us with a veritable hurricane from the east-northeast. After having stopped at the village of Copper Island the anchor was dropped in the morning of the 7th of May at Gavan, the harbor of Bering Island, where I landed with as much of my baggage as could be taken on shore before the cargo had been discharged in Petropaulski. Ere long I was comfortably lodged and began my work. At first I was much confined to my station on account of the meteoro- logical observations. Not until the obliging agent of the Alaska Com- mercial Company, Mr. G. Chernick, had been instructed how to take and record these observations, could I think of making longer excur- sions. Many thanks are due to him for his kind assistance. Thus I was unable to cross the northern part of the island, consisting chiefly of flat swamps and tundras, of lakes, a moderately high plateau, and a chain of interesting table mountains of about the same height, while the southern, mountainous and larger, two-thirds of the island remained a complete terra incognita to me. I therefore planned an expedition with the purpose of exploring the secrets of this region, the more as it was especially there that Steller had made his observations. But I had to wait until the sealing season was over, for all hands now were occu- pied in this, their chief, and one may safely say, only work. Meanwhile I resolved to go to Petropaulski on the 16th of June to establish a meteorological station, and to hire and train an observer. Besides, it was my desire to study as much of the natural history of Kamtschatka as the surroundings and the limited time would permit. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 59 The season was unfavorable, as the vegetation was already so luxuri- ant asto make it difficult to move outside of the roads, and the mos- quitos were plentiful enough to make it extremely painful to lay in wait for birds or to creep around searching for spiders, beetles, and snails. However, if the stay was not very profitable to the collection, it was not entirely without results, for I gained a great deal of valuable experience which will be of use to me during my proposed visit to Kamtschatka next year. What rendered my sojourn there especially attractive and instructive was the daily intercourse with the experienced and merito- rious explorer of Eastern Asia, Dr. Benedict Dybowski, who, of course, better than any one else, could give me all desirable information. On the 15th of July I found myself again on Bering Island. The following weeks were occupied chiefly by observations on the rookery, about 15 miles distant from the village,and I could not begin to think about the expedition towards the south beforethe middle of August. Every one suggested that the most practicable way would be to go around the island in a boat, as traveling overland with dogs would be difficult and expensive, and, on the other hand, several places of inter- est would be inaccessible by this route, which, besides, would offer lit- tle or no opportunity for carrying the necessary outfit and the objects of natural history I might possibly collect during the journey. The prospect of finding a skeleton of a sea-cow at any one of these places, seldom or never visited by the natives, was a very probable one, and as such a skeleton alone would be enough to load a boat even larger than ours, I resolved to hire six Aleuts, to man the boat of Mr. Grebnitzky, kindly placed at my disposal. Mr. Osche, in the service of the Alaska Company, who during a sojourn of several years had traversed the island in all directions on his hunting expeditions, and had thereby gained an extensive knowledge of the island and its products, joined the expedition as a volunteer; an assistance the more valuable, as without it I should hardly have been able to realize my intention. The special object of the expedition was to study the general natural history of the southern part of the island, to collect specimens of all kinds, as far as circumstances would permit; but especially to search for remains of the sea-cow. I also proposed to survey the island for fur- ther explorations, and to collect material for a more correct and detailed map than the one in existence. Besides I wished to identify the places mentioned by Steller in his narrative, in order to compare his description with the localities as they present themselves to-day, and to restore the original names. I also desired to visit the spots where Bering’s vessel was wrecked, where the ill-fated expedition wintered and where Steller made his observations on the sea-cow. The “circumnavigation” took place between August 21 and the 1st of September. It was attended by all the disagreeable consequences of fog and rain, of wind and surf, and the few skins which could be 60 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. obtained under these circumstances were almost spoiled at our return, The personal inconveniences during a 12 days’ journey on the ocean, along an open coast without harbors or anything like a shelter; of being kept wet by continuous fogs and rains; of sleeping under an old sail, are serious; but no naturalist would ever count them should the result of his work be in inverse proportion to his troubles. Unfortunately, I cannot so report, because the animal life, contrary to my expectations, was much poorer with regard to species than in the northern part, although the number of individuals was considerably larger. In fact, the only addition to my list of birds observed on the island was a single species, Rissa brevirostris Brandt, a species strangely limited in its distribution on the island. I inspected a large colony of Rissa kotzebui Bp., situated on the west- ern shore, about 18 miles from Cape Manati, the southwestern point of the island, where thousands and thousands of this black-legged Kitti- wake were now feeding their almost full-grown young ones. Among them a single red-legged bird, quite lonely, and apparently without any young, had placed itself on a narrow shelf of the rocky wall. It was the first and the only one I saw, and I was fortunate enough to shoot it. R. kotzebui was observed in countless numbers along the western shore; but as soon as we had doubled Cape Manati we met as large or still larger flocks of R. brevirostris, among which not a single black- legged individual could be detected. I minutely surveyed a breeding colony on this side, and the result was the same, not a single black- legged one wasseen. And thus the red-legged form completely excluded the other along the eastern shore, except at Cape Tonkoj, where the coast trends towards the northwest. Here on the cape a larger flock of Kitti- wakes was sitting on the shore so closely packed that only the legs of the outer row could be seen; they were all red. I shot, however, and of the ten lying on the ground, seven were red-legged, while three be- longed to the black-legged species. The young of Rissa brevirostris also has dark legs, but I need not expressly state that I did not make any mistake in this respect. On the other side of the last-mentioned cape the old acquaintance received us as exclusively as along the western shore. Thus, the genus Rissa oceupies the whole shore-line of the island, of which kotzebui, however, has usurped nine-tenths, leaving to brevirostris, as an exclu- sive possession, but one-tenth, or about 12 miles. We found, however, another animal, which I much regretted not to have been able to skin and to carry with me. But, as it was a Bale- noptera, 50 feet long, I was compelled to leave it where it was found. . I spent a day on the spot in order to take the necessary measurements, and to make such investigations as the far-advanced decomposition of the carcass would allow, as a matter of course. I need not state that while this business was to some extent a veritable pleasure to the nat- uralist, it was not agreeable at all to the civilized man. Further on I shall give some details of the examination. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61 But now as to the sea-cow. We found the remains of one, and I will here give an extract from my journal concerning this event. August 27, 1882, Cape Tolstoj—Mr. Osche went out hunting, while I was occupied in searching for fossils. From the extreme point of the cape I took some bearings of the other capes visible from here, and was just looking over my collections of stones when Mr. Osche returned with the cheerful message that he‘had found what he thought to be a skeleton of a sea-cow. Immediately we seized the spades and set out for the place. Having removed some spades full of soil, I soon became convinced that his supposition was right, but at the same time it was evident that the skeleton was in such a bad state of preservation that it would hardly be of any use. It was situated in a sand-bank 12 feet high, about equally distant from the base and from the top of the shore, close to a rivulet, which here had cut its bed through the bank and earried away the whole caudal portion of the skeleton. The dis- tance from the sea was 500 feet in a straight line, and the height above high tide not less than 10 to 12 feet. The head of the skeleton pointed towards the west. It was lying horizontally on the back, slightly bent towards the left; most of the bones were in their natural position. The top of the sand-bank was covered with thick sod, and both above and below the skeleton the bank consisted of moist and rather fine sand, of the same kind daily washed up on the beach and deposited in horizontal and alternating blue and brown layers, the latter color greatly predomi- nating. The color of the sand near the bones was blackish, sometimes iridescent. In spite of the miserable condition of the bones, I finished the exhumation in order to ascertain whether all parts were in their proper place. This caused us much pain and labor, not only because the sand had to be removed from the very top, but especially because the fine particles of the upper and dry layers were whirled by the strong breeze into our eyes. Altogether, fourteen dorsal vertebre with their ribs, the cervical vertebrae, the skull and sternum, two scapule, two humeri, and one cubitus were dug out; the other cubitus could not be found, nor any trace of a metacarpal bone. While all the other parts were found in situ, the sternum was lying outside, close to the right extremity, while the left one, consisting of a scapula and humerus only, was placed within the throat, close to the spine. As stated above, the bones were in a miserable state of preservation, being decomposed in a very high degree, and so brittle as to be ineapa- ble of bearing their own weight, falling into many pieces when lifted out, even with the greatest care. Even the ribs, which are so hard that they present the appearance of ivory, were entirely rotten. Some bones had the consistency of flesh, while other parts would glide away between the fingers like soft soap. All the bones were of a dark red- dish-brown color. The impossibility of securing anything of value under such circum- 62 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. stances is self-evident. I therefore selected only a few of the best pre- served bones, namely, the first and seventh ribs of the right side, and the os occipitis, in order to show the state of preservation. They form No. 1601 of my catalogue. We did not return, however, without having our boat trimmed with bones of kytina, mostly ribs, from the same skeleton, and two skulls, one being very fragmentary. Of plants I collected only those not met within the northern por- tion, which are only a few species. The topographical part of my work was more successful than the zoological. I had the opportunity of mapping this part of the island and can give a tolerably correct representation of this, the most western link of the Aleutian chain. It differs considerably from the old charts, which show deep gulfs where the coast line is actually straight, and land where we gaily sailed our boat. I also visited the place of Bering’s death, and the winter quarters of the ill-fated party, and spent two days in digging and surveying. The ruins of the house were measured and described, but my intention of making a sketch-map and some landscape sketches of the surroundings, was completely frustrated by the never-ceasing rain. The remains found were very scanty; some small glass beads and plates of mica, prob- ably for trading purposes; a few iron grape-shot, fragments of a brass plate with Russian armorial ensigns, bolts, and sheaves from the vessel, &e. Ihave kept these relies, as perhaps the National Museum will be interested in receiving the only remains of this expedition. IT omit further details here, for this letter is intended to contain zoolog- ical data only. Besides, I have no copy of Steller’s journal; and, finally, because I propose to revisit the place in order to complete my observa- tions and to take the sketches above mentioned. Tam unable to send you at present a full description of the islands, as my sojourn here has scarcely exceeded three months. The following pages will contain merely some disconnected sketches of those things I consider to be new or of special interest. You will see, besides, that they are, with a few exceptions, limited to the land fauna, as this, of course, has been the main object of my studies and observations. The collec- tions of marine animals are as yet insignificant. My stay here has as yet been too short, of course, to allow ofexhanne ive generalizations with regard to the Tule ie relations of the islands, the more as I have been able to identify with certainty only a small por- tion of the animals which | have collected. But I do not hesitate to state that the character of the land fauna is palarctic, as it has been supposed to be. Such being the case, you will not find it surprising that the faunal character of the island agrees more or less with that of Kamtschatka. Although I am not prepared at present to give the reasons for my hypothesis, I still should like to remark that several facts show that PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63 the islands during the period previous to which they received their pre- sent fauna and flora were totally covered by the sea, and that since that time they have not been connected with the mainiand on either side. From this it would follow that none of the species cceurring here are trueindigenes. They evidently immigrated, especiaJly and more regularly from the west, from Asia, by means of prevailing winds, cur- rents, and the driftwood carried by these, and more accidentally from the east, from America. That the inhabitants, more independent of those circumstances, likewise show nearer relationship to the Asiatic fauna is partly due to the shorter distance, this being only 100 miles from the nearest cape of Kamtschatka, Cape Kronotski (which by the Russian man-of-war Vestnik this year has been found to be situated 20 miles more to the westward than given in the charts), while the nearest island of the Aleutian chain, Attu, is twice as far off; and partly to the effort of the Asiatic fauna to extend beyond its own limits. Itisa well- known fact that the Asiatic fauna is in a continuous and comparatively rapid motion towards the west, especially in northern Europe. But it seems to me that a similar movement takes place in the eastern part of Asia, only in an opposite direction, the proof of which I find in the not inconsiderable number of exclusively palearctic forms in Alaska, espe- cially among the birds. I here enumerate only Cyanecula, Saxicola, Phyllopneuste, Pyrrhula, Parus obtectus, Cab., ete. It istrue that the zojgeographical regions overlap each other near their borders, but it is a remarkable fact that America contributes but very little to the fauna. Thus it is probable that ere long we will detect still more Asiatic forms in Alaska, and that hereafter it will be necessary to register as residents such species which at present are known only as temporary or casual intruders. The occurrence of species peculiar to the islands (and I have no doubt that the final revision of the material collected by me will make known several new ones) will not invalidate what I have stated above with regard to the want of indigenous animals and plants. Their origin is due merely to variability in connection with isolation and time. As to the plants I shall be very brief, as I am not a botanist. I limit myself to the remark that I find the general character of the flora very much like that of the treeless regions of Northern Europe, the most dis- crepant features being the splendid Rhedodendrons (kamtschaticum and chrysanthum) and the Saranna lily (Fritillaria saranna). Still closer, of course, is the resemblance to the plants of Kamtschatka, especially to those in greater altitudes. The plants of both islands are, I think, identical, but the manner of their immigration very likely has caused the occurrence of some species in one island which are absent in the other. Thus I have from Copper Island a small but very conspicuous Viola with yellow flowers (much resembling the yellow variety of V. tricolor),a plant which I found also in Petropaulski, but not here on Bering Island. 64 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The islands are completely destitute of trees, unless one might be tempted. to term so the shrubs of Salix, Sorbus, and Betula, from 6 to § feet high, some of which obtain a proportionally great thickness close to the ground. Thus, for instance, I have a section of a birch with a diameter of 2 inches. . The vegetation, especially in the valleys, is very luxuriant, in most places of a man’s height or more. This exuberance is especially due to the rich soil in connection with the extreme moisture, for the tempera- ture during the three months, during which the plants have now been erowing, was not high. My observations show a mean of+42°.7 F. for June, 48°.2 for July, and 54° for August. The minimum temperatures for the same months are 31°.3, 39°.4, and 44°.6, respectively. In higher latitudes the length of the day and the intensity of the light produce the same effect, but as we live here in latitude 55°, under a sky generally overcast, we do not find the same conditions as we should there. Of land and fresh-water invertebrates I have collected only some specimens of worms, mollusks, and arthropods. The worms are repre- sented only by a species of Lumbricus and by two Hirudinee. The mollusks are more numerous, including one bivalve and two or three pond snails, seven land snails, and one slug. Among the land snails there are several extremely small Helices, scarcely larger than a pin’s head, some of which I suspect to benew. They are surely not the young of the larger kinds, of which I possess young ones also of the samesize. As arule,all these animals are of small size, except amedium- sized Limneus, and with the same exception they are not very numer- ous. Of myriapods I have found only a few species, while the spiders have yielded a richer harvest. As a rule the winged insects seem to be more numerous, with re- gard to both individuals and species, which is also the case near Petro- paulski. In the first place, the mosquitos make themselves very con- spicuous. Although not quite in such large numbers as in Kamtschatka, where the furious attacks of their legions sometimes prohibited me from securing a bird I had shot, and usually a valuable one, even here on the island they seriously interfere with the duties of a collecting naturalist. The diurnal lepidoptera seem to be very scarce. I have seen only a single one, early in the spring, on the 21st of May; it was a butterfly, much like if not identical with Vanessa urtice L., but unfortunately the chase was unsuccessful. My lookout for some specis of Argynnis, Erebia or Tieris has been completely in vain. The Noctwina are not very numer- ous either, while the Geometride and Microlepidoptera are more com- mon. The beetles are not numerous, including up to date only one or two Ourculionide, one or two Elateride, one Silpha, some Staphyli- nide, Dytiscide, Gyrinide, Carabicide, and a Cicindela, which I have seen at only a single place, although it is a conspicuous species. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 65 Vol. VE, No. 5. Washington, D. C. Sune 223, 1883. Of crustaceans the fresh-water ponds have yielded a Branchipus, some Gammaride, one Daphnia, and one or two other almost microscopical species, which, I think, belong to Cyclops. I ean hardly write anything about the fishes inhabiting the rivers and lakes, It will be better to postpone this topic until next year, and I shall limit myself to a mere enumeration of the species observed by me up to date, viz, Gasterosteus pungitius L., and G. cataphractus (Pall.), Salmo callarias (Pall.}, (called Goletz by the natives here), Oncorhynchus lycaodon (Pall.), (Russian, Krasnaja Riba), O. sanguinolentus (Pall.), (Rus- sian, Kisutch),O. proteus (Pall.), (Russian, Gorbuscha), and the ‘‘Bajdarsik” of the natives, which I have not yet been able to make out. ‘“ Sik” is the Russian name of Coregonus, but I do not believe that it belongs to that genus, as the mouth extends beyond the eye. Probably it is the same species called Coregonus by Nordenskjéld (Vega Expedition, American edition, page 618), as Ido not know any other one to which to refer this name; the three other species of which he speaks are calla- rias, lycaodon, and proteus. In my next report I hope to be able to add another Salmonoid to the list of the species known (as I suspect the occurrence of such a one). Batrachians and reptiles are wanting altogether on the island, as might be expected. Dr. Dybowski and I have been searching very eagerly for a Salamandrilla, as we suspected the “ Kragani,” of which the natives told us, to be such an animal. It turned out, however, to be a large Dytiscus. The ornithologist starting for Bering Island will probably prepare himself beforehand for hunting and collecting two large, rare, and inter- esting birds, viz, Thalassaétus pelagicus (Pall.) and Phalacrocorax perspi- cillatus Pall.,as Pallas, on Steller’s authority, gives LBering Island as their proper habitat, where they occurred in abundance. You will not be more disappointed than I am in learning that there is no hope what- ever of getting a specimen of the latter, and very little of obtaining any of the former from Bering Island. It is not to be doubted that the Phalacrocorax perspicillatus does not occur on the islands at present. The natives, however, remember very well the time when it was plentiful on the rocks, especially on the out- lying islet Are Kamen. About thirty years ago, they say, the last ones were seen, and the reason they give why this bird has become extermi- nated here on the island is that it was killed in great numbers for food. They unanimously assert that it has not been seen since, and they only laughed when I offered a very high reward for a specimen. When Pallas gives Bering Islandas the habitatof the Thalassaétus I feel tolerably sure that he has misunderstood Steller’s words, or that Steller, if he really has reported its occurrence, met with only a straggler from Proce. Nat. Mus. 83 dD 66 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Kamtschatka. The former supposition seems to me to be more probable, for the reason that Steller, in his description of Bering Island, does not mention this eagle.* He, however, speaks of an eagle in the following terms: ‘ Von seltnern, an der sibirischen Kiiste nicht gesehenen Végeln habe ich dort [Bering Isld] einen besondern Seeadler mit weissem Kopf und Schwanz . * * * angetroffen * * * jener nistet auf den héchsten Felsen, und sie haben im Anfang des Junius Junge, die ganz mit weisser Wolle bedeckt sind.” This is the same bird of which he — speaks in his “‘ Beschreibung von dem Lande Kamtschatka” (1774), pp. 193-194, as follows: ‘‘ Eine Art unbekannter und sehr schéner Adler, so aber in Kamtschatka viel seltsamer vorkommen als in America und den Inseln im Canal, dahero auch solche bis diese Stunde noch nicht erhalten kénnen. Es ist derselbe so gross als der Halietus, ganz schwarz, ausgenommen den Kopf, Uropygium, schwarze Fiisset und Schenkel, welche so weiss als Schnee sind. Er macht sein Nest auf hohen Felsen, aus Reisern im Diameter von einen Faden einen Schuh dicke und legt seine Eyer gegen den Anfang des Junii, zwey an der Zahl. Die Jungen sind ganz weiss, ohne einige Flecken ; und stiesen die beyde Eltern, da ich auf Barings Hilande das Nest besahe, dergestalt auf mich zu, dass ich mich kaum ihrer mit dem Stock erwehren konnte. Ohnerachtet ich den Pullo keinen Schaden zugefiiget, verliesen die Alten dennoch das Nest und baueten sich ein anderes an einen Felsen wohin niemand moéglich zu kommen.” I think there can be little doubt that the bird thus described is a Haliwetus leucocephalus (Linn.) in spite of the white “thighs,” which perhaps is only a lapsus calami of the person copying the original man- uscript, this being, as we know, only a rough draught of Steller’s, in common with the “black feet.” The following are my special reasons: 1. The habitat given by Steller agrees exactly with that of H. leweoceph- alus, while 7. pelagicus is common in Kamtschatka, and does not occur at all in America; 2. ‘‘ White head” can only be said about lewcoceph- alus and not of pelagicus, which has merely the forehead white; 3. If Steller had intended to describe the pelagicus he would not have over- looked the white shoulders, a much more conspicuous feature than the white forehead; 4. Even if Steller’s manuscript contained the words “thighs white” it would be of little importance, as it seems that he did not kill the bird and only made the description from the living animal. In pelagicus the whole abdomen is white. The supposition here advanced seems the more plausible, as a pair certainly belonging to this species still breeds in the neighborhood of the place where Steller and his com- rades wintered. Besides, 7. pelagicus inhabits exclusively the dense and large forests, and is not known to rear its young ones in such tree- less localities as those of Bering Island. When it occurs here, it is, at *Neueste nord. Beitr., II (1793), p. 229. +This is completely senseless. I conjecture it to be a misprint for “ Schwanz- federn.” PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 67 present at least, only as a lonely straggler from Kamtschatka, usually a young bird, and there is no reason why this should have been difter- ent during Steller’s time. I have seen such a young bird here, shot on the island, obtained by Mr. Grebnitzky, and forwarded by him to the Academy in St. Petersburg. It was in the same plumage as the young specimen in the National Museum. The measurements are as follows: Total length 910™™; chord of culmen from forehead to tip.85™™, from cere to tip 68™"; radius of curvature of culmen from cere to tip 41; bill from tip to mouth 84, to hind angle of nostrils 62, and from this point to fore angle of eye 40™; height of upper mandible at upper bor- der of cere 37, and its breadth at the lower border of cere 27™™; gonys, 29; wing, 630; tail feathers, 340™™; from feathering on front of tarsus to base of middle claw 142; chord of the latter 34, and of its hind claw 44mm, It will be seen from the above statement that the bald eagle is an in- habitant of the island, but I can affirm that it is very scarce at present in proportion to what it must have been only a few years ago, judging from the many abandoned nests and from reports of the residents. But it seems as if a third species of sea eagles should be added, not only to the fauna here, but even to the list of known birds, for I have never seen a young Halicwetus with the whole lower surface almost white, and the upper side with dark tips and edgings on a whitish bottom, such as my No. 1055. This, a young @, still with black tail, was shot on the 15th of May, measuring in total length 890™™ (35 inches), with a stretch of wings of 2.220™ (87.40 inches); iris, faint yellowish white; bill, horny brown; cere, yellow with horny brown shadings on the back; feet, bright golden yellow. Compared with the young of H. leucocephalus of the same age, it has, quite in contrast with the white color of the body, the tail feathers, under tail-coverts, and axillaries still darker colored. The size is not inconsiderably less than that of the bald eagle, as the specimen in ques- tion represents the largest size of its kind, being not larger than an old male of the said species. The billis fully equal in size to that of a young leucocephalus, and the feet likewise; but the body, tail, and wings are smaller. I have little doubt that this bird if more mature would have assumed an almost uniform white plumage below, with white tail, a supposition corroborated by the statement of Mr. Grebnitzky, that he himself onee has observed here, on the island, an eagle with a white lower surface and tail. That we do not deal in our case with an albino is evident not only from the color of the eyes, but the character of the whole plumage would also contradict such a theory. The white color does not appear as an irregularity, and the dark colors are deep and distinct. Upon the whole, I reach the conclusion that the present bird is suffi- ciently distinct from H. leucocephalus, and, consequently, also from H. 68 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. albicilla (L.). There are two other species, however, of which I know only the names, viz, H. leucoryphus (Pall.) and H. leucogaster (Gm.); but Dr. Dybowski, who is well acquainted with the former, asserts that this is quite a different bird, while Dr. Henry Guillemard, who has been collecting in Central Africa and is quite familiar with the latter, corrob- orated the same statement upon seeing my bird during a day’s visit here. Both received the impression that the species is a new one. Did I not have the hope that Mr. Ridgway would take the trouble to compare this specimen with those in the National Museum, and describe it if he should come to the same conclusion, I should not hesitate to give ita name. But as the collection of birds will be placed in such good hands as his, I think it advisable to wait for his decision. In this connection I will merely mention some other forms which I suspect to have been hitherto more or less unknown, or wrongly known, likewise leaving to Mr. Ridgway the labor of having them compared, described, and named if he should find them to be actually new. In the first place I call your attention to the four larks, Nos. 1020 and 1117 from Bering Island, and 1242 and 1249 from Petropaulski, where I found this species, in one place at least, tolerably common. The lengths are respectively, 186, 187, 183, and 173™™; iris, dark brown; bill, pale flesh color; culmen and tips of both mandibles, blackish brown; feet, light reddish brown; tarsal joint, dark grayish; toes below, livid; nails, blackish gray. It is much like the common European Alauda arvensis L., but it appears to me to have lighter and clearer colors. The size agrees very well with that of birds from Northern Europe. No. 1251 is another passerine bird, thought to be new. It is a kind of willow-warbler, common in Petropaulski, but not observed here on the islands. My only specimen is a male, shot on the 5th of July, 1882. Total length, .149™™; iris, hazel; feet, clear yellowish brown. The loud song, consisting of the syllables witshe-witshe-witshe-witsh, and somewhat resembling the sound made by whetting a scythe, was heard, especially towards night, from all sides when walking through the high grass and willows covering the swampy slopes of the mount- ains with a thicket almost impenetrable both to foot and eye. You would very seldom get a glimpse of the watchful songster, when, cling- ing to the middle of the upright stalk of some high orchid or grass, he did his best in the singing-match with one of his own kind or a Calliope kamtschatkensis or a Carpodacus. But no sooner would you move your gun to secure the longed-for specimen than he silently disappears, as completely and suddenly as if he possessed Dr. Fortunatus’s cap. The only way to obtain a specimen is to watch patiently near one of his favorite bushes, with the gun ready. For hours I have thus sat in the wet swamp, almost desperate from the bites of the numberless bloodthirsty mosquitos, which I did not dare to wipe off, fearing to drive away the silent bird, who perhaps was watching my immovable figure until he was satisfied as to his safety. Curious, but still cautious, he PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 69 would come nearer, slipping between the stems and branches nearest to the ground, uttering a very low, thrush-like tak; tak; tak; tak, and with the tail straight upright, very much like a long-tailed Troglodytes both in colorand conduct. Andif I kept absolutely quiet he sometimes would proceed close to my feet, looking curiously at me with his pretty dark eyes. But before the challenge of a neighbor had attracted his attention and provoked his reply, which he usually began with a short trill, it would not have been advisable to move a muscle. Then comes the time to lift your gun very slowly, stopping as often as he suspiciously stops his song, until the “crack” puts an end to it forever, and you hold in your hand a crushed specimen, unfit for prepa- ration, when you have to shoot from too short a distance, or return without anything, while, after a longer shot, you cannot find the plain- looking little bird amidst the immense vegetation in the dim light of the vanishing day and tortured by the intolerable mosquitos. You will understand from your own rich experience how much pleasure it gave me when I, at last, obtained a tolerably good specimen. Should it prove to be a valid species, I would be obliged if the name of its first discov- erer, Dybowski, be affixed to it. The family of sand-pipers is very well represented here on the island, and my collection therefore contains not less than nineteen spccies, or nearer one-third than one-fourth of the total number of species col- lected, a number liable to-be not inconsiderably increased before the list embraces all the species occurring here as residents or visitors. I must confess that there are several species among my birds which I have not been able to identify, although I have no hope that all these will prove to benew. Thus the most common limicoline bird here is an Arquatella (Nos. 1031, 1039, 1044, 1048, 1085, 1107, 1108, 1262, 1344, 1345, 1468, ete.), about which I feel quite sure that it is a very well known species, but as to these birds it is more difficult to determine the species from memory alone than in almost any other group that I know of. But there are in my collection two species, the common forms of which I have been well acquainted with, showing some differences from these, if I am not quite mistaken. The one is the snipe, which, having only fourteen tail-feathers, comes nearer to the European Gallinago grallinaria (Miill.) than to the American G. wilsonti (Temm.). But I do not think that the former has the crissum and the under tail-coverts so dark brownish as my specimens, nor is the pattern of their greater wing- coverts quite identical. Snipe-hunting without a dog is exceedingly difficult here. For this reason I have at present only five specimens to send of this bird, which, in suitable localities, is by no means uncommon. The other one is a form of Pelidna alpina, which seems remarkable for its pure colors and the absence of any dark spot on the lores. I cannot unite it with P. chinensis Swinh., which has been identified by Taczanowski with P. schinzii (Brm.), and consequently must be much smaller than my birds. 70 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. = Finally, I have referred five birds (Nos. 1637, 1641, 1646, 1652, and | 1659), with much doubt, to the genus Tringites Cab., on account of the — very short bill, this being considerably shorter than the head, and the | long toes exceeding the tail by their whole length when stretched back- wards. The feathering of the bill seems to me likewise to be more pro- tracted than in other Tringine, although not to such a degree as given — for the American T. rufescens (Vieill.). Besides, there are no black mot- tlings on a white ground on the wing, only some faint whitish mottlings at the base of the remiges as it is often seen in Tringe. A conspicuous feature is the fine black bristles before and below the eyes, almost encircling them, and, upon the whole, more developed than in other genera. The color, except the rusty crown, is to a certain degree like the plumage of the snipe, and the bill, being somewhat widened, grooved, and furrowed at the tips, and having a very long nasal groove, also re- motely resembles that of the bird mentioned. The total number of species collected during these months amounts to sixty-one, without counting those collected in Petropaulski; and, besides these, I have observed about ten species of which no specimens have yet been secured. Among the latter is Sterna longipennis Temm., of which a specimen was shot during my stay in Petropaulski, but on my arrival I found it in such a state of decomposition that it was quite impossible to preserve it. This species bred on the island, but only in four pairs. I looked in vain for your Sterna aleutica. Upon the whole, the poverty of representatives of the subfamilies Sternine and Larine is very noticeable; thus, for instance, I have met with only one species of the genus Larus, L. glaucescens, Licht., being not so numerous, how- ever, as one might expect.* Of the seventy or more species obtained or observed here during the four months (of which one was spent on the trips to Petropaulski) from the middle of May to the middle of Septem ber, about one-third consists of circumpolar birds, one-third Pacific birds, while the remaining third is palearctic, or consists of East Asiatic forms. Only a few species can be regarded as American, viz, Haliwetus leucocephalus (L.), also occur- ring in Kamtschatka, and a Branta,t which I have provisionally iden- tified as lewcopareia (Brandt). During my absence in Kamtschatka a specimen was shot in the neighborhood of the village, and ——eaten! Fortunately, however, the head and upper part of the neck had been *The species of Larus observed on Toporkof Island by Dr. Kjellman and Dr. Stux- berg belongs here. From the translation of a portion of Professor Nordenskj6ld’snar- _ rative of the Vega expedition in Henry Elliott’s monograph of the Seal Islands, p.113, it would seem as if they also had found this bird there ‘‘ by the millions.” The Amer- ican edition by Leslie, p. 617, shows, however, that they expressly restrict this state- ment to Fratercula cirrhata in accordance with fact. + Sundevall (Tent. meth. disp. Av., p. 145, 1872) has substituted for Branta Scop. Brenthus “ Antiq.,” a name accepted by some later authors, for instance Dr. Richenow (Orn. Centralbl., 1882, p. 36), but Brenthus is preoccupied for a genus of Coleoptera since 1826. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 71 cut off for my inspection, and with some difficulty I succeeded in skin- ning and preserving it. Besides the six downy young ones, a specimen was captured alive, and I hope to keep it safe from the numberless (about 600) old dogs of the village until it has assumed its full plumage. Whether the Anorthura belongs to alascensis Baird, or to fumigatus Temm., or whether these two are identical is beyond my present knowl- edge. On the other hand, I am very doubtful as to the groups to which Hierofalco candicans (Gm.) belongs. <Acanthis exilipes (Coues) I regard as circumpolar, as I think it hardly practicable to separate the pale- arctic form from the American one. It is not my intention to give at present any list of the birds, but merely a brief enumeration of the more interesting species of the old world not mentioned above: Fringilla montifringilla L. Leucosticte brunneinucha (Brat.). Euspiza aureola (Pall.). Anthus sp. Motacilla kamtschatica “ Pall.” (Auct.).* Phyllopneuste borealis Blas. Cuculus canorinus Cab.—I have one specimen from Petropaulski, one from Copper Island, and one from Bering Island. In the former the stomach was filled with the remains of Bombus, in the latter two with a plenty of Gammaride! The cry is exactly like that of the European species. Charadrius fulvus Gm. Eudromias mongolicus (Pall.). Aigialitis alecandrinus (L.). Totanus glareola (1.). Totanus nebularius (Gurm.). Tringoides hypoleucos (L.). Actodromas temminckii (Leisl.). Actodromas damacensis (Horsf.). Actodromas subminutus (Midd.). Nettion faleatum (Pall.). *This form is usually quoted as M. alba var. kamitschatica Pall., Zoogr. Ross.-As., but I recollect very well that Pallas (op. cit.) does not give such a name. It has usually been identified with Motacilla japonica Swinh. (= M. lugens Temm. et Schleg., Faun. Jap.), but until we have learned whether the ‘‘ black cheeks” of the latter is a mistake or not, I think it will be safest to keep the Ka: tschadalian bird separate under the above name, as its cheeks are white with only a well-defined black stripe through the eye. The specimen from Petropaulski proves the identity of the birds here from the island with those of Kamtschatka. I now think that the birds in the National Museum, collected in Siberia by Mr. W. H. Dall and Dr. Bean, as also the specimen seen by Mr. Turner on Attu and the bird from California, all referred to M. ocularis Swinh., belong rather to M. kamtschatica, being young, or in winter plumage, with gray back. M.ocularis seems to be an inland bird, not at all occurring on the Pacific coast. 72 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Of course the relations of the constituents of the ornis, as given above, are based only on a rough judgment, but it is thought that the zoédgeo- graphical affinities of the islands are tolerably well expressed. It.is to be expected that the additions which the fauna is likely to receive during the following eight months will raise the percentage of the circumpolar birds. The ornis, however, is characterized not only by what it possesses but also by what it lacks. Thus I had expected to find Sazicola cenanthe (L.) and Budytes flava (L.) (in Petropaulski I found the latter breeding, being more like the typical form than any other I have seen) and an Otocoris, to which the frequent sand-dunes offer favorite breeding places, one or two Siberian true Hmberiza and Scheniclus, Chelidon erythrogaster (Bodd.)* (abundant in Petropaulski), and an Archibuteo. The orders Herodti and Alectorides are wanting altogether, and the re- markable poverty of the Larid@ I have already mentioned. As a matter of course, my time was wholly occupied in collecting and preserving specimens of every branch of natural history, studying the rookeries, and taking meteorological observations. I had scarcely any opportunity for special ornithological studies. Some observations, however, relating to the seasonal change of plumage of the ptarmigan occurring here (Lagopus albus Gm.) may perhaps be of some interest, as it forms a question involving the most contrary opinions among observers. Want of time will not allow any revision of the matter at present. For this reason I give the observations as they were written in my journal with the fresh birds before me. With regard to No. 1542, a 2 shot July 29, 1882, I find the following notes: The featherson head, breast, and abdomen are old; that is to say, they are without any trace of the “outer follicle,” and thus are also all the single white feathers, found mixed here and there between the brown ones on the upper surface. Almost all the dark feathers have their bases more or less concealed in the sheaths, and between these protrude still “unblown” sheaths with brown terminal pencils—in short, brown feathers in all stages of growth. The few dark feathers, also, on the hypochondries, some of which have white terminal spots, show the same phases. None of the white feathers are new. Between the white ones on the breast some sheaths are seen protruding, but still without end pencils, showing themselves, however, to be dark ones, when opened. Another ¢ shot abont fourteen days later (August 10, No. 1419) shows exactly the same conditions, only that the new dark feathers on the lower parts among the white ones are more developed, being blackish with white terminal spots. The 2 shot the same day (No. 1418), with the whole portion covering the sternum, the inner sides of the femora, and the fore part of the ab- *T have no doubt that this species is identical with the North American bird, as both color and size agree very well with your description in Rev. North Amer. Birds, I, p. 295. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 73 domen absolutely naked, has the feathers more uniformly developed, as most of the dark ones are fully grown out, only a few on the interscap- ulum being still partly in the sheaths. Besides, two or three new, yellowish-colored feathers protrude from the naked parts. During my boat expedition around Bering Island in the latter part of August, I procured several males, two of which, being the most interest- ing ones, were prepared. Unfortunately, the bad weather alinost spoiled them afterwards. (Nos. 1487 and 1489.) The following remarks are an extract from my journal of August 23: The summer plumage is now wholly developed in all specimens, as the dark or rather black feathers of breast and abdomen are out too. Some few dark ones, however, are still in their sheaths, this being especially the case in the aforesaid parts of No. 1457. But the white feathers are in progress on the same parts too, being, especially in No. 1489, developed to such a degree that the breast and abdomen are white already in the middle from the half “blown ” new white feathers. In No. 1487 new black and white feathers occur on the same parts and in the same state of development. Con- sequently it follows that the moulting of the winter plumage does not extend beyond the breast and abdomen; these parts for a short time assuming black feathers, while at the same time the new white feathers of the coming winter plumage make their eruption on the same parts, and that the change of the summer plumage first begins where it had last been assumed. The same remarks are applicable to the wing coverts, with the modification that the greater part of these is white through the whole year, the new and the old white feathers staying side by side in my specimens. In the latter the inner wing feathers are new, while the three outermost primaries still remain from the foregoing year. The Shafts of the new primaries are dark gray, this color being faded and almost invisible on the old ones. The specimens show a very marked difference in color of the upper surface. No. 1489 has the upper parts darker, less rusty, and the feath- ers less distinctly banded, thus assuming a more irregular and more minutely watered aspect. It must be remarked, however, that in No. 1487 the few feathers still undeveloped, are of a darker color and of a pattern more like those of No. 1489 than the more rusty colored feathers of the remaining upper plumage. But these feathers are so few in number that I feel satisfied that this specimen at least would not have assumed any new plumage before the final change into the white winter plumage. The dark specimen has also some new and “unblown” feath- ers among the old ones on exactly the same parts as No. 1487. From this I feel very much inclined to believe that the difference is caused by age, and I doubt at present very much the idea of Professor Lillje- borg that the darker plumage signifies a special autumnal plumage. It seems to me that we may reasonably conclude that Lagopus albus in this region is subject to an uninterrupted change from the moment when the first dark feathers make their appearance in spring until the last one 74 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. has disappeared in fall, and that no marked seasonal plumage can be distinguished, except the white plumage of the winter and the dark one of the summer. But it will be well to recollect here that the moulting of these birds de- pends so much upon the climate that one can hardly conclude from obser- vations made in one country what the condition in another is. The many unpleasant quarrels about this theme have arisen from want of understanding the fact that it does not follow that an observation made in the north is erroneous because it differs from another made in the south, or vice versa. I must confess, however, that the theory of a change of color from winter to summer plumage, without change of feathers, and the obser- vations upon which it rests, is an insolvable problem to me. The past four months form a season during which I had very little opportunity for observing or collecting cetaceans, and consequently I have but little to report about them. It is, however, to be expected that the fall and winter will prove richer, and that I may be able to satisfy you better in this repect next year. But as the natives have no means of capturing the living animals, I shall have to depend exclusively upon what may occasionally be cast on shore. The female finback whale which we found during our boat expedition at Lissonkavaja Buchta, on the 23d of August, seems to me to belong to Balenoptera velifera Cope, agreeing tolerably well with it in dimen- sions and proportions, of which I give a table below. The baleen, of which I have secured some pieces (No. 1629) for comparison with speci- mens of the above-named species in the National Museum, has on the shorter layers a whitish color, with dark bluish-gray longitudinal and parallel stripes. These stripes increase in breadth, number, and dark- ness of color towards the longest baleen, which is dark bluish-gray with light stripes. The base of the dorsal fin commences about at the terminal third of the body, and is placed almost directly above the anus. Its height—that is, the vertical from its tip to the back—is about 545 of the total length of the body, which is about 64 times the length of the pectorals. From this it will be seen that the exterior proportions are somewhat similar to those of Sibbaldius laticeps Gray, except that the pectorals are smaller in the latter species. The dorsal fin is perfectly faleate with deeply incised posterior edge, showing that the animal does not belong to the var. borealis. The color could not be ascertained, as the animal had been lying so long on the beach that it was perfectly yellowish white with the excep- tion of some blackish patches on the shoulder region. The impossibility of moving or lifting the colossal body prevented me ‘from taking measurements in a straight line. For the same reason 1 could not obtain any measurement of the circumference. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. do The average breadth of the pectoral folds I found to be 80™™ (3.15 inch.), and that of the eminences between them about 50™™ (1.97 inch.) In spite of a minute search for parasitic animals, none could be de- tected. Dimensions. | English Meters. | feet and - | decimals. Total length from tip of upper jaw to notch of caudal fin along the back......---. 15. 77 51. 69 Length from tip of lower jaw to notch of caudal fin along the abdomen.......----- 18. 63 55. 21 From end of upper jaw to spiracles .-....---.-...--+----+-----+---: Waseoced seobeaoe 3. 60 11. 81 PENOLA ITACIOS ee none ae an eo ceca teen acer menenceonceaamcsnqncens aces ene 0. 40 1.31 From end of mpper jaw to anterior end of dorsal fin 10. 60 34.78 HEMP ONAOLEM Tie en ene CR aac cena u ascents 0.75 2.45 Vertical from tip of dorsal fin to the back ........---.- 0. 42 1.37 From posterior end of dorsal fin to caudal notch .-.-...-.-- 4.42 14. 50 From end of upper jaw to corner of mouth.-.-..---.--------- 4.10 13. 45 From end of lower jaw to corner of mouth ......-.---------- 4.40 14. 44 From end of upper jaw to anterior edge of upper lip 0.18 0.59 From end of mpper jaw to anterior corner of 6ye.::....2.--- eeenes eee -- e-em 4. 30 14.11 Longitudinal diameter of eye-opening .-----...--.-----------+ eee eee eee eee eee eee 0. 10 0. 33 From end of lower jaw to anterior corner of vulva ..--..-----------+----+--------- 13. 00 42. 65 Benita OmtVIlly aso sse} oe cet <5 - See faats sletata 2 te taldeitanie sale sdesield= = asecis=s ee eben 0. 60 197 MPEG BORINGUM canteen versace cree ancassce das son eens cwacmer ceeilace cae re cme 0.10 0.33 ength offnnus <4. 22.2522 --/2:: - Bee Seid eso 0 CREO Te Hier Seis CAB Ae Es oee Oe ne oe 0.15 0.49 From posterior corner of anus to caudal notch ...-...-.--.-.--0------------------- 4.78 15. 68 Length of pectorals along anterior borer. -..-....---.-------.0-++-----+-----+---- 2. 60 8. 53 MePHBTE NE CLOLAIS at: PASO tiaaeinp sec ae ee tae 22 sls ceeetaesiee semiemin ce as Sein sige mn iae 0. 50 1, 64 Length of lobes of caudal fin from tip to notch.......-...--.--------+------------- { 2.10 6. 89 Length of lobes along the exterior margin .......-....-.----.222--e------------- | 2. 65 8. 69 erpunitr GE WONes au tne TOtOM cee Ske Isso s se oe ose estce bs Josatmeasise 1.10 3. 60 iran vulva to nearest breast-fold ..-2-).. 2 s000s00/s50e0-sasnemacscsneees mast Soe 4OS- 2. 00 6. 56 Length of longest baleen, exposed part ..-.-...----.----- 2-202 ee cece ee eee eee ee enee 0. 55 1. 80 Breadth of longest baleen at the insertion in the gum ..-...........--------------- 0. 22 0.72 Length of fringe of longest baleen (average) .....-.--..-----------+--------------- 0.15 0.49 Length, of shortest baleen, exposed part... ...- ...--4---2--saenee cine 2 nee seeenee- 0. 34 1. 08 Breadth of shortest baleen, at the insertion in the gum ..........----------------- 0.16 0. 52 Length of fringe of shortest baleen (average) ...-.-.-----------sseseeeenens eee e eee 0. 10 0. 33 Besides this larger kind of whale, several denticetes occur in the waters around the islands, but, as the natives do not hunt them, they are captured only when they are cast ashore, which does not happen very often. Thus a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus?) was cast on shore some years ago, yielding a rich harvest of oil and blubber. Be- sides an Orca, which is said to visit the rookeries, but of which I have not been able to procure any specimen, or even to see one, there are at least two species of the family Ziphiide, both undescribed, as I suppose. Iam very much indebted to Mr. Grebnitzky for a skull of each of the species, for one of which I should like to propose the name Berardius bairdii, as a slight token of my esteem and gratitude. As I am now almost without any literary means, I find it impossible to decide with certainty in what genus this species will finally have to be placed. But I think that the supposition that this specimen (No. 1520) is a young Berardius may not be very far out of the way. At first I suspected that it is a Dioplodon, but the size of the skull, in con- nection with the distinctness of the sutures, the evident maxillary crests, and the terminal position of the teeth, very soon led me to the above conclusion. 76 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The specimen in question has very low and scarcely incurved maxil- lary crests; the shortest distance of which is two and two-thirds. times greater than their greatest height, and although it still is in its * adoles- cent” stage, I should greatly doubt whether the crests in this species ever become developed to such a degree as, for instance, in Hyperoddon diodon (Lacép.). The groove between tle maxillary and the nuchal crest is very shallow. The maxillary notchisdeep. The beak is long, making only a little less than half the length of the entire skull. Nares straight; right nasal larger than the left one, but not very much. The occipital condyles do not come in contact beneath the foramen magnum; the sym- physis of the lower jaw is very short, amounting to only one-fifth of the whole length of the jaw. : Want of time and books prevents me from making more extended remarks, and until I can present an exhaustive and comparative descrip- tion, I shall have to content myself by giving a provisional table of dimensions. The following dimensions are in millimeters and English inches, and are in every case measured in a straight line: | Millime- | ters. Inches. | Meng th otis kal 2s bes ne eased sees wl mela nae one alas eel nee a eee eee | 1405 55. 32 Greatest i bread theese oes ne senna ee cote rane eeiacln sae aee ents Seen Ce meee ae eer 698 27. 48 ES W ath etsy Ad nel ta) th eee oF eee en oe el, ee eRe pe cn Oe oso eroreaneedieesceegs ee e+ | 530 20. 87 Length from the process of supramaxillaries before orbit to posterior edge of | condyl Ca ee ees tHe Re a es Ser Pe IE AmaRAUeee Mo bam cess Stich sist. | 610 24. 02 Length from the same process to tip of beak ......-.-.--..-------222--+----0-eee- | 890 35. 04 Depth of maxillary.notch ........5........-.:----- Se AAA Tose sesee. creHic) 50 1.97 Henpthiat premaxilaniosy | esce setae eee eee estes o Shee ou one cee alee eae 1222 48.11 Premaxillaries reach beyond sn pramaxillanies BL AB SSa Se yec cone oat ce icocadisiccco- 134 | 5. 28 Distance of upper edge of maxillary crests at their anterior end...........---..-. 228 | 8. 98 Distance otsame at their Middle) =- So. - peso s-esee eon maa amon oe cane ae pee 358 14.10 Greatest ne Of Maxillary, CLEStA ce cice cise /-elein c= cleleniecimeincelels nie sale eee eee 86 3. 39 Length of visible part of vomer ...-.---.------ +--+ 2-220 eee eee nee ee eee eee neces: 325 12. 80 Distance from anterior tip of vomer to tip Of beak cs te ence eee eee 275 | 10. 83 Benetton pteny Cod siieecbiia- - ses-otooe be eae eens oe Oepek phe eee eal mee ees 295 11. 62 Height Of LOraAmMen MAST UM- eeeeee elsesis nee see saa ene ae eee 70) 2.76 Widthiofiforanenimarnnm. «222 26c. fae eee. ee as as oe eee eee 80) 3.15 Distance of condyles at upper edge of foramen magnum.......------------------ 100 | 3. 94 Closest approximation of condyles beneath the foramen magnum ..-... .-..------ 2 0. 08 Aintree Len shh. Ol LOMEL Tae sats esos ace ois lel aicle einai a= is tena raters aie ant eal reat 1292 50. 88 Height of lower jaw at second tooth groove.......-..-----------+-------+---++++- 100 3. 94 Length OLIS VID DSS weer eles ee tate elnlos aiotalo ene renelaiee = inlets eee te ee | 257 10.12 Greatest diameter of foremost tooth groove (longitudinal) .....-..--.---.-------- 100 3. 94 Shortest diameter of foremost tooth groove (transverse) ..---.-------------------- 45 1.77 Greatest diameter of posterior tooth ¢ grove (longitudinal) ........---...-.....---- 40 1.58 Shortest diameter of posterior tooth groove (transverse) .----...----------------- 35 | 1,38 Distance between the tooth grooves. =. .<leashcscce oe sane aneneclence eooseme wea am 65 2. 56 This specimen was found stranded in Stare Gavan, on the eastern shore of Bering Island in the fall of last year, and only the skull was preserved. From analogy I should judge that the entire length of the animal must have been about 18 feet (54 meters). This species is well known by the natives for the cathartic quality of the blubber, resem- bling in this respect the Atlantic ‘‘ Dégling,” or “Anarnak” (Hyperoddon diodon). The Russian name, by which the inhabitants here designate this whate, is Pla-wn (sp. Pliioon), while the Aleut name is Kigan aga- lusoch, the meaning of which is said to be ‘having teeth on the nose,” PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CF a very inappropriate designation, as the teeth are situated on the tip of the lower jaw, and not on the nose. The second species, founded on my No. 1521, seems to belong to the Cuvierian genus Ziphius, having for its type Z. cavirostris Cuy., and more especially to the group (Petrerhynchus Gray) which is character- ized by having the nasals, in connection with the premaxillaries, formed to a vaulted roof over the nares, and the ethmoidal cartilage ossified and extending above the premaxillaries in the anterior part of the beak. I take great pleasure in “dedicating this interesting species to its dis- coverer, the obliging governor of the Commander Islands, Mr. Nicolaj Grebnitzky, to whom science is indebted for these and many other con- tributions, and myself for so much courtesy. I propose to name it Ziphius grebnitzkii. That the typical specimen is an old animal is evident from the fusion of the bones and the indistinctness of the sutures, thus making it some- what difficult to distinguish the individual bones. After my return from here I shall give a more complete description and figures; but in the mean time the following characters may serve for the identification of the species, as I consider most of them diagnostic: The tip of the beak is obtuse, with a vertical furrow in the middle, the lower jaw with the two terminal teeth protruding considerably be- yond the upper one. From about the middle of the beak towards the tip the mesethmoidal, ossified in its whole length, arises, like a rounded staff, between and above the premaxillaries, following these to the tip and being totally fused together with them. The nasal groove is very unsymmetrical, owing to a very prominent asymmetry of the premaxil- laries and the nasals, so that the direction of the oblique nares forms an angle of not less than 20 degrees with the vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the skull. The right os nasale and the pre- maxilla of the same side are by far the larger ones, and form the prin- cipal part of the roof above the nares, the nasal not reaching, however, so far forward as the premaxilla. The antenasal groove is large, and in the anterior half partly vaulted over by the edges of the premaxil- laries, which are somewhat bent inwards. The zygomatic process of the squamosals touches the orbital process of the frontals without coalescing, however. The jugale is not nar- rower in the fore part, which, consequently, is not dilated and does not reach the posterior maxillary notch. This is not particularly deep, and the anterior one is still more shallow. The visible part of the vomer is long and narrow, commencing 124"™ (4.88 inches) from the tip of the beak. The supraoccipital is rather inclined forwards, forming an angle of about 40° with a line parallel to the vertical axis of the skull. The following table of dimensions contains the mere important meas- urements in millimeters and English inches: 78 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. . Table of dimensions. Millime- fans Inches Length of skull in straight line...--..--.-------------+ +--+ + eee eee eee eee eee eee 983 38. 70 Greatest breadth). sca. 6 secccp Gece atacn ee ben ob ccene cane enlenadd sss eSnicn'desn-eanamem 600 23. 62 Greatest height........-.-------- +--+ -- 2-02 eee ene ee een eens ween ee eee e ee eee 525 20. 67 Length of beak from anterior maxillary notch to tip...-.-.---.-+--+-+-ee2--+-+-=- 485 19.10 Length of premaxillaries .-..--.----------- ---220- 222s cere ee eee eee eee reese eee 835 32. 88 Breadth of right premaxilla in front of TURTON Sele ee Meee ce cm hae 147 5.79 Breadth of left premaxilla in front ofimares sO Lo oat ease sete 93 3.66 Greatest length of right nasal. ........---..--:----ses----------- Ibe ceeeebcoes- 135 5. 32 Greatest breadth of right Mpsal Ate. ee ass eee ae Ree a cee ema cia eee am ete amen 84 3.31 Greatest length of left nasal. ........-----.--- Ee ig coer aSone oe acon See vas te 128 5. 04 Greatest breadth of Jeti masalicss nes eee east ae nee oie ce ae meee ele mile == te ante 40 1.58 Distance from tip of beak to anterior point of nasal roof.......-.--..-----.------- 690 27.17 Greatest distance of premaxillary crests at fore border of nares.......-.---.----- 232 9.13 Length of visible part of vomer ..--...----- -----. ee+-e+ +222 eee rennet cere eee eee 258 10. 16 Length from anterior end of vomer to tip of [ae gate At Sar Bo Alea ada a 124 4. 88 Greatest height of foramen Magnum... . 2... 2-2 ce ee eee near nnn e ween nen e es <== 62 2.44 Greatest breadth of foramen STOR OTL alte le ete ete eee 56 2. 21 Distance of condyles at upper edge of foramenimbpnumiy sha) pnecee = eee Sasee 95 8.74 Closest approximation of condyles beneath foramen magnum .....-.---.-..---.-- 10 0. 39 Teneth ofplower ij swisgess st tase cere - foee reser is ss eelat taal eeiabeep aaa este 845 33. 27 Lower jaw beyond the tip of the upper one..---........-.-.--..-.--......-.------ 64 2. 52 Length of sy mphy BIS nas dss HEE ee ced a Sa See SaaS SEE ae gaa dea ee et enea 180 7.09 Height SE DPOSeGriOT NALIN OF SyTIpPH YSIS 0-5 Shee see cane ns tea Sane eee mer 66 2. 60 Longitudinal dismeter.of tonth at base .h..2tu4 121-6 oboe dyiuc See kp cabelas 2 1.02 Transverse diameter of tooth at base .....--.---22eeceneecceccecneccccccececeeares 20 0.79 Heishtiof, tooth sees. sscsessee ee ss see = Seem seinem nk sels ol aemen tebe cam aera ete 36 1. 42 It will be seen that the symphysis of the lower jaw is comparatively short, making only about one-fifth of the entire length of the jaw. The species occurs here on the island, and my specimen was obtained in the same way as the one previously mentioned. The natives employ the same names for both, considering them to be- long to the same kind. The same defect which makes the Berardius bairdii unfit for food for men and dogs is also ascribed to Grebnitzky’s Small-headed Whale. That these two whales should be confounded is not so strange, however, when we come to consider that the total length of the two animals, in spite of the much smaller skull of the latter, is nearly the same; for in the same manner as I judged the former to have a length of about 18 feet, I estimate the present old specimen to have been about 20 feet (64 meters) long, a length which the adult of Baird’s beaked whale will probably also reach. The most interesting objects in the natural history of these islands are unquestionably the remains of the extinct northern sea-cow (y- tina* gigas (Zimm.) 1780+ — Rhytina stelleri (Fischer) 1814, and at present the success of the collecting naturalist here depends more or less upon the harvest of bones of this animal which he may be able to send home. As to my own results in this respect, I shall give you a separate, de- ~ tailed report, from which you may learn the peculiar difficulties con- nected with this part of my operations, and the account of the “ cireum- *Tho original spelling of Jlliger, 1811. t Manati gigas Zimmerman, Geogr. Gesch. II (p.426). Besides, there are two other specific names older than Fischer’s stelleri, viz, 1785, Manati balenurus Boddaert, Elench. Anim. (p. 173), and, 1800, Trichechus borealis Shaw, Gen. Zool. I (p. 240). PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 79 navigation” of Bering Island will show you likewise’some of the ways in which these skeletons are deposited, preserved, and found. At this place I shall present only a few remarks, occasioned by the inspection of the 11 skulls which I have obtained, and the two belong- ing to Dr. B. Dybowski, now in Petropaulski. It is obvious at first sight, when comparing this series, that a remark- able individual variation is shown by each one of these skulls. Setting aside the differences caused by the more or less perfect state of pres- ervation, these variations especially embrace the more or less marked developments of the lines, crests, protuberances, and processes for mus- cular insertion, and the more or less robust formation of special parts. Although the skulls are of about the same size, these differences, I think, are due to age, as it is very probable that these large animals must have reached an almost patriarchal age, and that the development of the bones in consequence hereof has been proportionally slow, con- tinuing even after the skull had obtained the full and final size. But, besides these individual variations, there is another striking dif- ference, which divides the series into two well-defined groups. Dr. Dybowski and I stood side by side, looking at several skulls before us, aud I had no sooner perceived and showed to him this fact than he was impressed in the same manner. We now eagerly sought for con- firmation in the other skulls, and as we, by a careful examination, found a no less marked difference in the shape of the lower jaw, we brought together a tolerably good collection of these bones, commencing an ex- haustive series of measurements to serve as a foundation for and proof of our discovery.* I have given below two tables containing the more interesting of these measurements. The idea of two different species or varieties of the sea-cow was very soon rejected, and without much hesitation we agreed that the differ- ence is a sexual one. This seems to be the only reasonable solution, and, judging from analogy we think that the broader and more robust skull belongs to the male, while the narrower and more slender one is that of the female, a supposition corroborating the opinion of the natives, who also have been aware of the difference. Of this, however, we were not informed until much later, when we made inquiries about the mat- ter; but we could not learn whether this assumption is founded on tra- ditions from the time when these animals still occurred in the surround- ing waters or not. *T call it thus because I doubt whether asimilar observation has been published by - any one before. This is, maybe, somewhat daring, considering our want of liter- ature, but I prefer to take this risk rather than to wait until next year, and perhaps come too late with ‘‘ the discovery.” 80 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Table of dimensions of skulls of RYTINA GIGAS (Zimmerm. ) not including those of the lower juw. Collectors’ No. ~ ~~ - - a a Tee: =|5|8/18/8;}8|]s8)| 2] ge @ Le a — oo | = — a 5 . “2 nl cr al sl tl rc =} Measurements. = 6 S S$ S ¢ $ 6 a a OO Spr) See ee he ey ee A I mm I H ~ ml mH 5 5 1] 2 2 o o Ss | 2 2 7) 2 a oe 0 ty oD 1) ay oe ep i) Ea 3) ca) ro) 2 2 .) os m3 2 Az Je 2 n= Ho ed eee 8 5 5 P| Fle|zZie|e/e) E/E le = nD 77) nN D n 7) R <4 < Supposed'sex 222 ts. <2) vs vescs sce os roe ros fof of fof 2 5d | 3Q mm.|mm.|mm.|mm.\mm.' mm. mm.) mm. mm.| mm. 1. Total length from superior margin | of foramen magnum to tip of in- MERMAXT Ly seo oe ace omens ast 676 | 654 | 636 | 672*| 625* 655* 645) 662) 653 654 2. Greatest breadth at zygomatic | BCH ts eriente canciones Geena 353 | 353 | 342 | 360 | 338) 330 324) 331) 349 328 3. Distance of tips of occipital ma- millar processes..---...--------. 270 | 266| 266 | 257) 264 | 240 261 | 258} 245 253 4, From mamillar process to poste- H | rior angle of zygomatic process of supramaxilla.......-.... .-.. 305 | 280 |) 280 288) 280| 295 284 | 285 | 287 288 5. Greatest breadth of occipital at base of mamillar process ....--- 261 | 277 | 254 | 246! 258) 269) 250 | 260) 259 260 6. Breadth of basilar part of occiput | | | | at posterior ead: of eminentia | | a FA CURE IBEDT ee oer secea ene eee 47; 61 45 50; 46 51) 48 45 50 48 7. Breadth of condyloid rami of occi- | | ATE otek eile CA EN ke, 51| 54) 42). 47) 45) 52) 47 1 datas 48 8. Closest approximation of condyles | beneath foramen magnum 66) 63 75 51 68 78 67 80 65 75 9. Greatest distance of exterior mar- | ginsiof condyles!) =2 ie. eer 222} 233 | 215 | 218 | 210] 215] 205! 220) 220 213 10. Distance of exterior, posterior | angles of parietals ........--.--. 152 | 177} 153] 163 | 148 | 140} 129] 145; 159 138 11. Distance of exterior, anterior | angles of parietals .....--....... 995), 112 | LOL I erO0, 96 | 100 99; 105 98 12. Distance of the alveolar margins at exterior tip of intermaxillar | process of supramaxilla......-... 84 91 81 78 73.4) © 76D snare 73 81 71 13. Distance of tipsof nasal processes of intermaxillaries ...... Nore 74 | 73 692) 74) 77 | 58 59| 551 73 57 14. Lengthof articular surface of nasal | | process of intermaxillaries...... 1K ia BBD | eee aie 140 | 1388 | 127| 186! 118? 140 127 15. Breadth of intermaxilla at anterior angle of nasal aperture ..-.....- 74 74 72 69| 65) 59 57 | St) Laie 16. Distance of posterior apices of | 1" weal | zygomatic processes of supra- | | maxilla from each other. ..... ---| 289] 280) 263 | 270) 270 | 265 | 232) 252 | 274 | 250 * These specimens have the beak a little defective. Being broken in the same manner, the missing part in each has been estimated to make 10™™, This table proves the fact that while the longitudinal dimensions are almost identical in the supposed two sexes, most of the transverse dimen- sions anterior to the occipital bone are much smaller in the female than in the male, the difference averaging from 7 to 25 per cent. of the smaller dimension. The average measurements give a very clear representation of these relations, and they are therefore very serviceable in trying to express the difference in a diagnosis, because they eliminate the individual varia- tion.* *T recall here Humboldt’s words: ‘‘ Dass bei allem Beweglichen und Verinderlichen im Raume mittlere Zahlenwerthe der letzte Zweck, ja der Ausdruck physischer Gesetze sind, welche uns das Stetige in dem Wechsel wis in der Ershcheinungen zeigen.” a a PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 81 Vol. VI, No. 6. Washington, D.C. June 23, 1883. It will thus be seen that in the supposed male, the length of the skull is less than twice the breadth at the zygomatic arch [653 < 698 (2 x 349)], while in the female the length is almost exactly two times the breadth (654 about = 656) (2 x 528), and this holds good, not only in the average measurements, but in every single instance: 8 676 < 706 (2 x 353) =| = 2655 about = 660 (2 x 330) $ 654 < 706 (2 x 353) | ? 645 about = 648 (2 x 324) $ 636 < 684 (2 x 342) | 2662 = 662 (2 x 331) $ 672 < 720 (2 x 360) 3 625 < 676 (2 x 338) We can also express the difference by comparing the length with another dimension, thus: In the male the total length is less than 10 times the breadth of the intermaxilla at the anterior angle of the nasal aperture [653 <710 (10 x 71)], while in the female the length is more than even 11 times the same breadth [654 > 638 (11 x 58)], the result being the same in each individual. 6676 < 740 (10 x74) | 26555649 (11 x 59) $654<740(10x 74) | 2 6455,627 (11 x 57) $636 <720(10 x 72) | 96625627 (11 x 57) 8 672 < 690 (10 x 69) $625 < 650(10 x 65) I think that this will be sufficient at present to show that there exists a well-marked difference, which can be formulated as above. Besides, there are numerous points in which the two groups of skulls can be dis- tinguished, but which cannot be expressed in figures. Unfortunately I cannot give minute comparative descriptions, as the skulls are already packed and shipped. The same is the case with the lower jaws, of which I herewith give a table of dimensions. Table of dimensions of mandibles of RYTINA GIGAS (Zimni.). Collectors’ No. o ) - =I 1g ir r Ts a a 5 5 Saree li sae) sche oliehgisnn) ail iS) espe bs ‘ A A A | A a | qi - | A A | a | Z ai oat = ~ 5 + Dimensions. SslS3u| Sal] S| Ss | 8%] 5a | 8a / 88/3, | oS] of birt | ber | eee | Gee | teed |) oS | NT | ON | ee | EO | tom | BF o- on on | 22. | oe oS on on oD 4 e e zhao (= b= ml = SRN gre RS Naar an VFS Ls i A Fe RS PE a ar ea WU 7) Nn TU Ean 7 I) n mn iam iG <q <q z (aes oS Se a2 Sa ed | eS, ] | | Supposed sex.-.....----. roi Sis Mie Oe beet fo) Fo ten cobs ee ens Oe eed ube a mm. mm. mm.) mm. | mm mm. | mm. | num. | mm.| mm.| mm.| mm. 1. Greatest length of the horizontal ramus. -. 433 406 | 426 461 431 423 433 28 | 436) 451 431 434 2. Distance from surface of condyles to infer- | | | ior, posteriorangle..| 27] 261 | 267 | 261 | 240| 297] 290] 280| 280] 297| 260 289 Proc. Nat. Mus. 83———6 Juiy 21, i883. 82 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tables of dimensions, §:c.—Continued. Collectors’ No. bs reas = | fe : Bo) ines A A a eet 1 e fa | - . id 5 } n QD 2 ec is | Sg oe (od ESE il ile i see bes Ao ajy|| eatin | 4 Wee ey ane cathe |: As ae j ] I mo. mos Pte pa el | Bak eT en ie | - | Dimensions. SS |S8| 5a} Ss | SS] 54 / So | Ss | 5S | "ae oo) | oe opr of ops | yan aloo ora oN aL epe- (hie oc 2B mos jon | o@ kan | og | oS | oS | oF | oF | OS |] BAI gs = A aS teg= |) ax en = am |] an an 1 Oo & fa —, | —o = — |e = = = tt 2 3) oO D ( o a) o ; wo v ; o iy b b b 2g 2 | + ~ {ees » » | +2 pers | ra | PRIDE UMP e | iror Nah | e7. a D n A 4 < = SS ——E — fae ——— = = — = — ae — ee S | | | | Supposed sex....-....-..- o Soe ee ona f°) Q mm.| mm. mm. mm. mm. , Mmm. , MM.; mM. mM. | 3. Distance from coro- | | | | | noid process to in- | | | | | i ferior, posterior | | anoles... 88 Pe ace | 280 | 280, 292 | 290} 256 4. Distance from tuber- | | ositas of posterior | | margin of vert. ram. | | | to inferior, posterior | | | | 320 | 308] 307| 316) 321 280 314 angle .-.--- -..-----| 161 | 188! 189] 181 | 154/|191 | 201 | 190! 184) 909) d7aje0ie5 . Height of symphysis | | | at posterior margin 85 86 86 | 81 88; 90; 93 94 | 108 90 85 | 95 . Smallest breadth of vertical ramus. ----. Lae, LOS) PLUG) PTS) 98 120 119 | 5 124 119 111 119 . Distanceofcondyles..| 244 225 254 250 230 231 | 225 242 232 | 219 241 230 . Distance between the | | | | H inferior, posterior | | | | | | | anglest: Antette. s- 139 | 145 187 164 | 152; 96 91 | 124 129 | 107 157 109 | | | _ e i) ont a on * These jaws evidently do not belong to the skulls having the corresponding numbers on the forego- ing table, although they were brought to me together by the natives. As the skulls and mandibles are seldom found together, the natives choose the best-preserved mandible or the one corresponding best as to color, the more as these bones are by no means scarce.. This I had decided long before we had conjectured the difference of the sexes, and it will be seen that the remark is also applied to a specimen (No. 1056) in which the supposed sex in both parts agrees. As [have already remarked, it is very unusual to get a skull with its authentic mandible, for which reason they in all cases ought to be looked upon with critical eyes. The only instance in which I am sure that the two parts belong together is my No. 1110, and as this specimen (in a very good state of preservation) has been regarded by us as the type of the male form, the lower jaws showing a different style are con- sequently considered to belong to the females. The differences between the two groups are perhaps more striking in the mandibles than in the other parts of the skull, although the in- dividual variations are very conspicuous too. In general the supposed female mandible is higher, with broader rami, higher symphysis, and more protracted posterior angles, which are bent inwardly towards each other, while in the male they are straight or somewhat turned out- ward. Thus the proportion between the distance of the two angles and the height of the vertical ramus is very different in the two sexes and may be formulated as follows: In the male the distance from the articular surface of the condyles to the posterior angle is less than twice the distance between the tips of — the posterior angles, while the proportion is the reverse in the female. — The words “ articular surface of the condyles ” can also be replaced by ‘“‘coronoid process,” only that the formula then must be altered so as to read, that the distance from the coronoid process to the posterior angle PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 83 in the male is equal to or less than the distance between the angles, while it is greater in the female. How closely the posterior angles approximate to each other in the female as compared with the male, is clearly expressed by the average figures of this distance and of that between the condyles. While the difference between the figures of the latter only amounts to 1Li™ it is in the former distance, which is not more than about one-half of the other, not less than 48"" or in other words: The difference between the average distances of the condyles amounts to about 5 per cent. of the smaller dimension, while the difference between the average dis- tances of the angles is 44 per cent. The average measurements furnish us with still more distinguishing marks. Thus, in the male the distance between the posterior angles is more than one-third of the total length of the horizontal ramus, while it amoutits to almost exactly one-fourth in the female. Besides, the for- mer distance in the male is greater than the smallest breadth of the vertical ramus, while the reverse is true in the other sex. It may be well to give here the measurements of two other mandibles, which were not included in the above table, the one (No. 1202) a very young male, the dimensions of which would have diminished the aver- age measurements so as tg obscure the results, while the other (No. 1636), an adult female, was only found after the table had been com- piled, when the other jaws were packed and shipped. The numbers of the dimensions correspond with those of the table above: whi. | | | ase Collector's No. | Sex| ae! | ei a, | | 6 | 7. | 8 Typ aD) PREG pare pes |mm. | mm. | mm. mm. mm.|mm.| mm. mm. STEP ELON Der o0 le ome cen mae ame cess anise «loo « fol 380 | 245 | 247 | 155 | 84) 104 | 224) 122 Stejneger No. 1636....-.............. ewes See | g 437 | 288] 303 | 197] 99] 121) 2382) 112 | It is interesting to see how closely the dimensions of the female jaw approximate the average dimensions of the table, and consequently how well they agree with the diagnosis. In the young male the proportions are a little obscured, as the bone has not yet assumed its final shape. The characters of the male jaw, however, are pretty well marked. The outward direction of the posterior angle is especially characteristic. Concerning the year of the final extinction of the sea-cow I have little doubt that von Baer and Brandt, in supposing it to be 1768, are very nearly correct. That a single individual or two, perhaps, may have survived the others a few years is not impossible, but it is almost cer- tain that such a huge animal, bound to the very coast for its subsist- ence, hardly could have found a place in which to hide itself from the keen eyes of its pursuers, who were sufliciently numerous and greedy to search for and slay even the last one. Besides, the animal does not seem to have avoided its enemies, a want of intelligence which in a 84 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. short time must have been fatal to all. As to the story reported by Professor Nordenskjéld (Vega Exped., Am. ed., p. 606) about an ani- mal seen by two natives still living here, all the residents competent to form an opinion think that he has been deceived. After the inves- tigations made by myself I have little doubt that the natives are right. 1 find it proper, however, not to publish any details until I shall have returned to Washington. As tothe geographical range of the sea-cow, I have only afew remarks to make. Itecan scarcely be doubted that it at least occasionally must have occurred on Copper Island. Besides, this is positively affirmed by Mr. Osche, who saw bones there (cfr. ‘* Vega Exped.”), an observa- tion, corroborating my own experience. When Professor Nordenskjéld (op. cit., Amer. ed., p. 605) remarks that the sea-cow does not appear to have ever occurred on the Aleutian Islands his statement is contra- dictory to the information which my friend Lucien M. Turner has re- ceived from the natives on Attu.* It would be especially interesting to know whether the statement of the natives, ‘ that a number of bones much heavier than other bones, or more like ivory in weight, are to: be found on Semitkhi and Agattu,” is true or not.t Itis very difficult to see why they should not have occurred on the other Aleutian {slands, as the natural conditions there are the same as here on Bering Island, and the sea-weed, on which the sea-cow fed, is as plentiful there as itis here, or even more so (cfr. the statement of Wosnessenski in Ruprecht, ‘‘Tauge des Ochotsk Meeres,” Midd. Sibir. Reise. I, 2 p. 202). On the other hand, the probability of their occurence, even occasionally, in the more north- ern parts of Bering Sea (Nordenskjold, op. cit., p.591) seems to be very slight, owing to the scanty marine flora in these waters (Ruprecht, op. cit., p. 203). I have been informed that a certain Mr. Neumann has published in the Journal of the Geographical Society of Irkutzk an account that he had found bones of the sea-cow on the Chukeh penin- sula, which bones are said to have been deposited in the museum at Irkutzk. Furtherinquiries proved, however, that the bones were bought by him here on Bering Island. Fortunately, they were destroyed by the great fire in the museum. * An account of which, I suppose, is now printed in his report. t Information which I have received from a man bornon Attu, but now living here, confirms this statement to a certain degree. Of course, he knows the bones of the sea-cow very well, and he has told me that similar bones, also skulls, occurred on Agattu. But he expressly added, that they were smaller than the bones found here. Neither he, nor another man from Attu, who, besides, did not know anything about the occurrence of such bones on Agattu, nor any of the other Aleuts here, chiefly from Atkha, have ever heard the Aleutian name Awkh-sikh-tikh, given by Mr. Tur- ner. May, it, perhaps, have been a smaller kind? Any one familiar with these bones will hardly confound them with bones of either seals or whales. The stories of the natives about living animals in the time of their fathers is probably not more to be depended upon than-‘the similar story which was told Professor Nordenskjéld here on Bering Island. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 85 Finally, a word about the Kamtschadalian name “ Kapustnik” and the conclusions which Professor Nordenskjéld (loc. cit.) derives from it. Steller translated it with ‘“‘ Krautfresser,” and Nordenskjéld thinks that this word is specially distinctive of a graminivorous animal. The Russian word ‘“‘Kapista” signifies cabbage, but here and in Kamtschatka, where cabbage has never been cultivated, it is the local term for just that kind of kelp on which the sea-cow fed. The contents ofthe stomachs of the stranded animals give a natural reason for the name, and no support for the supposition that the sea-cow ever visited the coasts of Kamts- chatka alive can fairly be derived from it. I cannot close the chapter on the sea-cow without adding a few words about the exterior form of the caudal fin, a question highly exciting the scientific world in Washington when I left in the spring. It will be remembered that Mr. Henry W. Elliott made a restoration of the animal, showing the shape of the tail like that of the southern manatee, in spite of the only authentic information on the subject handed down to us by G. W. Steller, the eminent and conscientious naturalist. Be- sides, there is an old drawing, reproduced by Middendorff and by Nor- denskjéld, agreeing with and consequently corroborating the state- ment of Steller, likewise representing the whale-like shape of the fin. The statements which I have had the opportunity to see (besides Brandt’s Latin translation of Steller’s words) are found in Neueste nord. Beitr. II, p. 292, “* Typogr. Beschr. der Bering Insel,” where he says: ‘ Bis an den Nabel vergleicht sich dieses thier den Robbenarten, von da bis an den Schwanz einem Fisch”; and in Krashenninicoff’s ‘‘ History of Kamtschatka,” the English edition, 1764, I find the follow- ing words: “‘ The tail is thick, and bent a little towards the end; it somewhat resembles the beard of the whale, and somewhat the fins of a fish. The sources of Krashenninicoff’s notes about the sea-cow are, how- ever, only Steller’s manuscripts, which were placed at his diposal (cfr. the pretace, op. cit., p. vi). There is said to be a drawing in Pallas’s ‘‘ Tcones ad Topogr. Ross.-Asiat.” (fase. II), and reproduced in Nordensk- jold’s ** Vega Exped.,” Am. ed., p. 607, pretending to be a sketch made by Steller himself, and showing a very bifurcated and lobated fin. I remember that the authenticity of this drawing was objected to on the ground that Nordenskjéld’s statement of its having been given to Pallas by Steller evidently was false; but Nordenskjold, loc. cit., only says: “Sketch by Steller, given to Pallas,” which is not the same as “Sketch given to Pallas by Steller.” That Steller had a sketch of the animal is evident from the words in his ‘“ Beschreibung von Kamts- chatka,” 1774, where (p. 97) he says that he has “ sehr weitlaiiftige Be- schreibungen verfertigt, und sie zugleich zeichnen lassen,” and it is there- fore very probable that Pallas, who had so many of Steller’s manuscripts, also had the said drawing. While now all the direct information agrees on this point, it is a very memorable fact that we, if we had only had #6 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the caudal vertebrae of the skeleton left, and no descriptions of the ex- terior shape of the fin at all, nevertheless would have been forced to restore it as a whale’s tail. The large transverse processes of these vertebre must have had a special function, namely, to support a tail having a fin like that of a whale or a dugong, which have the same kind of processes, and not ‘like that of the manatee, which is destitute of them. By seeing these vertebrie, I feel now more convinced than ever that there is no reason for supposing the old view, which even led to the specific name Manati balenurus (1785), to have been incorrect. It has been said that “nature” is not so contradictory as to provide such a sluggish animal like the sea-cow with the tail of the swift whale, a thought as ridiculous as to imagine ‘a rhinoceros with the legs of a race- horse.” But it is to be remarked: 1, that the swiftness does not depend upon the shape, but merely upon the relative size, and upon the strength of the moving muscles; 2, that a careful study of Steller’s words shows that it was not at all impossible for the sea-cow to move even very rap- idly ; and, 3, that “nature” would have been able to effect even extreme swiftness by a fin like that of the manatee, if it had been necessary, as it is a well-known fact that animals with legs as clumsy as those of a rhinoceros or an elephant are able to run as fast as a good horse. I think I hardly need apologize for passing the fur-seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and its allies in silence, until I have had further experience. There is nothing gained by making a few more or less insignificant re- marks on a matter about which an elaborate work has been published under your superintendence in this very year, especially as none of them are of such importance as to make a speedy publication desirable. On the whole, I am in a position to affirm most of Mr. Elliott’s statements. But as a matter of course there must be some differences, caused partly by the local circumstances and partly by the fact that two observers do not always view the same thing in the same light. It is therefore evident that many of my final notes will take the form of more or less critical remarks on Mr. Elliott’s monograph, an additional reason why | I should wish to retain them until they have been subjected to a new and thorough test. But an erroneous statement of Professor Nordenskjéld (Voy. Vega, Amer. ed., p. 609), that the list given in the note (loc. cit.) only embraces the fur-seals killed on Bering Island, must be corrected at once, as from the wide distribution of his book it is likely to be repeated by others not going back to the original source.* The following is an authentic *Evidently he has understood Elliott’s list as concerning only Bering Island. In his monograph, p. 113, Mr. Elliott gives the same figures with regard to ‘‘the Com- mander Islands,” but without correcting Nordensjéld’s mistake. The list actually embraces the skins from Robben Island, too. (This island, or rather rock, is situated close to Saghalin Island and does not belong to the Kurile chain as stated by Elliott, p. 8.) Besides, there is a slight typographical error in Elliott’s figures, the total be, ing given as 387,462 instead of 389,462. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 87 List of skins of fur-seals slain on Bering Island for shipment : Years. Number. | Years. Number. | zis Sve eis| ite Le pd ate had 2 | | | PSY s ceo ae aaa Te Bos chan CNL | Wt US foe Ata ae en AM 1 ad es ee 8 | 8, 674 TS SO kh ee He SOTOM Pl BinO eer eerie a as Sees atin yd Sh 13, 028 LN cobs a a aE a SMSO HN ileSUeesac see unas eerie eee eee ee ee | 15, 160 TS 5 ene) eee eee 13, 034 || 1881. -..---..--+.22-seeeeeeeee ener eee | 16, 078 TATE sen: Se ae ee OG I TL 790)) | P1882 sto dates: ct st sactascssetecte sence! 18, 512 See rene meee 9, 822 || | i]... 2.94 a i ee 6, 006 | Motalslew 82 none cee ee cee ae 142, 556 I can account for the disagreement in Elliott’s list concerning the year 1871 only by supposing that he gives the shipment, while the one above shows how many seals were actually killed every year. The skins taken in the fall are not shipped before the following year. ENHYDRA LUTRIS (Linn.). Of this animal I have only to report the sad fact that it has been totally exterminated, or nearly so, on Bering Island. It sometimes happens that a single animal is killed on shore opposite Copper Island, where they still occur in numbers, and I myself was so lucky as to observe a sea-otter swmming along the coast on the same side. It was far off, and my ball missed it; I had, however, a tolerably good oppor- tunity of observing its peculiar manner of swimming by means of a spy glass. The present scarcity of this animal on our island, where it has been so abundant, will be perceived from the fact that since 187r only ten sea-otters have been captured. I do not wish to lengthen this already too protracted letter by giving details relating to the blue fox (Vulpes lagopus Auct.), and I should perhaps let it pass without mentioning, were it not that Professor Nordenskjéld has published a very erroneous statement, both as to its number and its color. He says (Voy. Vega, Amer. ed., p. 601): “Now they are so scarce that during our stay here we did not see one. Those that still survive, besides, as the European settled on the island informed me, do not wear the precious dark-blue dress formerly common, but the white, which is of little value. On the neighboring Copper Island, however, there are still dark-blue foxes in pretty large num- bers,” and to this he in a foot-note makes the remark that “it thus appears as if the eager hunting had an influence not only on the number of the animals, but also on their color, the variety in greatest demand becoming also relatively less common than before.” That the blue fox, however, is by no means uncommon on Bering island will be perceived from the fact that a considerable number are killed and sent to San Francisco every year. Thus not less than 1,450 skins were shipped this year (1882), besides 900 from Copper Island. The statement about the color is certainly fottnded upon a mistake too, for among all the 1,470 skins bought on Bering Island by the Alaska Company in the course of this year only 20 are “ white” foxes, so that 88 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. it is this latter form which is very rare, both absolutely and relatively. Formerly they were more common, but about twenty or twenty-five years ago the old Russian Company resolved to pay more for the white ones than for the blue, and to have them killed all the year round without respect to the season, in order to destroy them and possibly have them exterminated. . At present they are very scarce, and now the natives themselves pursue them eagerly, because they spoil the brood by mixing with the blue ones.* From the following list it will be seen that the number of foxes de- creases greatly when they are hunted for several successive years. It has therefore been agreed upon that the hunt be suspended for one or two years, with intervals according to circumstances, in order to give the animals time to fill the diminished ranks. This may perhaps be the cause of Nordenskjold’s mistake. The fact is, that the fox hunting is a very important source of income to the natives on Bering Island. Number of foxes killed on Bering Island. | Season. Blue foxes. | White foxes. VO FMD of om br seia a tein icieipln tare Saieeo ea eae cole oeew alee soem sicete sarees ee eet 836 4 28 24 0 50 19 0 0 0 0 20 145 *No foxes hunted during the season in question. I ought not to omit mentioning two other terrestrial mammals which offer a contribution to the history of the immigration of the fauna. The one is Mus musculus L., the other Arvicola rutilus Pall. According to the assertion of the inhabitants, it is beyond any doubt that none of these animals occurred on Bering Island before 1870. Before that time they had not even seen a mouse, and many of them had never heard the name mentioned. In 1880 the “black mouse” (musculus) was brought from San Francisco by the schooner ‘“‘ Justus,” with a cargo of flour. The ‘red mouse” (rutilus) made its appearance later, but as the natives were then already acquainted with that kind of animal, they did not pay sufficient attention to ascertain in what year the introduction actually took place. That 1t was introduced later than the common mouse is proved by the belief of the natives, who think that the red, short-tailed mouse is the offspring of the long-tailed, dark-colored animal. It: finally turned wild by changing its more domesticated manner of life into the freer habits in the fields and moun- ~ *On Copper Island white foxes do not appear at all, Besides, the blue ones are said to be larger, which is probably caused by a larger supply of food. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 89 tains. ‘They overlooked the fact, however, that both forms infest their houses and huts in equal numbers. It is very remarkable how enormously the number of this Arvicola has increased since its introduction. For in not more than ten years it has spread all over the island from the utmost point in the north to its southernmost end. Now it is abundant in every locality, in the Swamps and among the sand-dunes, on the flats, and in the mountains, in the interior, and everywhere along the beach. All the huts on the island inhabited by the fox-hunters during winter are occupied by them, and they become a veritable annoyance by eating and gnawing every- thing they can get at. Imyself have been greatly troubled by them. My various collections seemed a special attraction to them, and many a nice specimen fell a victim.to their destruction. It is almost incredible how they find their way to places thought to be absolutely ‘‘ mouse-proof.” None of these animals have yet reached Copper Island, but their introduction seems to be only a question of time. Whether the red field-mouse was introduced by ships or by birds of prey, or in any other way from Kamtschatka, cannot be decided. At all events, the introduction of these two animals took place much against the will of men. I finally wish to mention the introduction of another terrestrial mam- mal, which was imported with the intention of having it acclimatized for the use of the natives in the near future. It is the experiment of transferring tame reindeers (Rangifer tarandus L.) from Kamtschatka to Bering Island, where the rich pastures seem to justify the hope of success. Dr. Dybowski and the Alaska Commercial Company share the honor of this enterprise, he by taking the trouble of procuring the animals from the interior of Kamtschatka and taking care of their transporta- tion to Petropaulski; the company, by bearing, with never-failing lib- erality, the heavy expenses of an undertaking which never can be of any direct benefit to them, but only to the natives of the island. Four males and eleven females were successfully transferred on board the company’s steamer Alexander, where they fed on the fresh leaves of birch and willow procured in Petropaulski, much against the pre- dictions of experts. After the leaves were consumed, they even put up with hay, and were safely landed at Bering Island on the 15th of July, 1882. On shore they eagerly began to graze the fresh herbs, but within half an hour the whole herd was en route southward for the mountains. All fifteen have been seen very lately. The natives com- plain that they have eaten all the cloud berries (Rubus chamemorus) and crake berries (Lmpetrum nigrum) in the neighborhood of the South- ern hookery, a trifle, however, compared with the self-evident utility of the animal. LEONARD STEJNEGER. BERING ISLAND, September 30, 1882. 90 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME BIRDS SUPPOSED TO BE UNDESCRIBED, FROM THE COMMANDER ISLANDS AND PETROPAULOVSKI, COL- LECTED BY DR. LEONHARD STEJNEGER, U.S. SIGNAL SERVICE. By ROBERT RIDGWAY. The following apparently new species form part of a fine collection of birds from the Commander Islands and the vicinity of Petropaulovski, Kamtschatka, lately received at the National Museum from Dr. Leon- hard Stejneger, U. S. Signal Observer at Bering Island. The writer was requested to descibe them in case they appeared, after due investigation, to be new. 1. HALLZTUS HYPOLEUCUS Stejneger, MS. Sp. cH.— Young 2 (No. 89127, collector’s No. 1055, Bering Island, May 15, 1882). Ground color of pileum, nape, upper back, rump, with lesser and middle wing-coverts dirty white, spotted with grayish brown, the spots of the latter color being chiefly subterminal, but often occupying the tips of the feathers; upper part of rump with white largely pre- dominating; greater wings-coverts and longer scapulars uniform dusky, bordered terminally with mottled dirty grayish white; tertials uniform slate-dusky ; upper tail-coverts mottled dusky terminaly, mottled white basally ; remiges uniform brownish black; rectrices blackish dusky, the inner webs much mottled with pale grayish and buffy white. Side of head with a broad and distinct stripe of nearly uniform brown, occupy- ing the entire orbital, and auricular regions. Entire lower parts white, all the feathers with distinct dusky shafts; those of throat streaked with pale brown, those of jugulum and upper breast with a large ter- minal spot of dusky, many of the feathers of sides and abdomen with small and usually indistinct brown terminal spots; thighs and crissum dirty white, the feathers with dusky terminal spots, these largest on crissuin, and on upper and inner portions of thighs coalesced so as to form the predominating color. Underside of wing white, spotted with dusky. Bill dusky, inclining to yellowish at tip and base, the rictus yellow; “iris faint yellowish white”; feet deep yellow, claws black. Wing 24.50 (ends of primaries much abraded), tail 13.50, culmen 2.25, depth of closed bill 1.50, tarsus 3.60 (naked portion in front only 1.75, after raising the feathers), middle toe 3., hind claw 1.80. This eagle ts perhaps the eastern representative of H. albicilla, al- though the latter, according to Sharpe (Cat. B. Brit. Mus., i, p. 304), occurs “in Kamtschatka, the Aleutian Islands, and Japan,” and also in China, “‘as faras Amoy.” Itis barely possible, however, that all ref- erences to H. albicilla in the above-named countries may in reality apply to the present bird or (especially so far as the Aleutians are concerned) to H. leucocephalus, the latter occurring abundantly, not only throughout the Aleutian chain, but also in Bering Island, where, according to Dr. Stejneger, it breeds. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 91 I have never seen a specimen of true H. albicilla at all resembling in coloration the bird described above, while its reference to H. leucocepha- lus seems to me out of the question, the proportions differing decidedly from those of the latter species; the bill and feet being much larger than in a specimen of the bald eagle of equal size so far as other meas- urements are concerned. Iam therefore strongly inclined to agree with Dr. Stejneger as to its distinctness from either of the above-named spe- cies, although, as suggested above, it may be the eastern representative race of H. albicilla. Dr. Stejneger’s remarks concerning this specimen are to the following effect : After alluding to the fact that H. leucocephalus not only occurs but also breeds on Bering Island, and that the Thalassowtus pelagicus Gan only be considered an irregular if not wholly casual visitant—* a lonely straggler from Kamtschatka”—he says: “It seems that a third species of sea eagle must be added, not only to the fauna of Bering Island, but even to the list of known birds, for I have never seen a young Halietus with the whole lower surface white and the upper parts with dark tips and edgings on a whitish ground, such as my No. 1,055. This,a young female, still with black tail, was shot the 15th of May, and measures 890™" (35 inches) in length, with a stretch of wings of 2.220™ (87.40 inches). Iris faint yellowish white,* bill horn-brown, cere yellow, with horn-brown shadings on top; feet bright golden yellow. “Compared with the young of H. leucocephalus of the same age, it has, apart from the white color of the body, the tail-feathers, under tail-coverts and axillars, still darker colored. The size is in some re- spects inferior to that of the bald eagle, the specimen sent represent- ing the maximum of its kind, being not larger than an old male of said species.t The bill holds fully the size of that of a young H. lewcocepha- lus, and the feet likewise, but the body, the wing, and tail are smaller. ‘“j have little doubt that this bird growing old would have assumed an almost uniform white plumage below, with white tailt a supposition corroborated by the statement of Mr. Grebnitzky that he had himself seen an ee on the island having the lower sal ie and the tail white. “In uae young of H. Reyne even say two or more years are en iris is usu- ally if not always deep brown, and the bill and cere blackish, while in H. albicilla the iris is always (?) brown in the young, and sometimes in ‘ie: adult also ! t Upon this point I am inclined to disagree with Dr. Stejneger, and as for size and proportions, would rather compare the specimen with the adult male of H. albicilla. {In Dr. Stejneger’s specimen, the middle rectrices have been moulted, and those of the new dress are just making their appearance. hey are even darker in color than the old ones, although similarly marked, which would indicate either that the individual im question would not have attained its perfect plumage the next year or else that the adult does not have a whitetail. That the specimen is not in its first year is clearly indicated by the character of the plumage, as well as by the date of its capture (May 15th ); while that it is probably more than two years old is strongly suggested by the light color of the bill and cere which in JH. albicilla and H. leucocephalus do not be- come yellowish until the bird begins to assume a portion of its adult livery. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. “That we have not to deal with an albino is evident not only from the color of the eyes, but also the character of the whole plumage, the white color having a normal appearance, while the dark colors are deep and distinct. ‘“ After due consideration, I come to the conclusion that the present species is sufficiently distinct from H. leucocephalus, and consequently al- so from H. albicilla. There are two other species, however, of which I know only the names, viz, H. lewcoryphus (Pall.) and H. leucogaster (Gm.); but Dr. Dybowski, who is well acquainted with the former, asserts that it is quite a different bird, while Dr. Henry Guillemard, who has collected in Central Africa, and is autoptically familiar with the latter, repeated the same assurance when seeing my bird during a day’s visit here. Both received the impression that the species is still an un- known one.” It is, perhaps, needless to remark that Dr. Stejneger’s bird is very distinct from both H. lewcoryphus and H. leucogaster. 2. ACROCEPHALUS DYBOWSKII Stejneger, MS. Sp. cH.—Adult $ (No. 89151, Petropaulovski, Kamtschatka, July 5, 1882). Above, rather light olive-brown, more decidely olive, or some- what tinged with russet, on rump and tail, and slightly more grayish across nape; a distinct superciliary stripe of pale buffy-grayish, paler anteriorly; a rather indistinct gray loral streak, and a narrow brown postocular streak along upper edge of auriculars; auriculars, sides of neck and breast, and entire sides, light grayish-olive, the first very nar- rowly and indistinctly streaked, especially anteriorly, with white; re- maining lower parts dull white, very faintly shaded across jugulum with pale brownish-gray; crissum, buffy-white, and flanks tinged with deeper buff. Tail much graduated (the lateral feathers .65 of an inch shorter than the intermediz), all the rectrices showing indistinct, faintly darker bars, the inner webs (except of middle feathers) decidedly darker than the outer, and the four outer pairs distinctly tipped with pale grayish, becoming nearly pure white on tips of inner webs, these pale tips growing gradually narrower toward middle feathers. Maxilla dark brown; its edge, with the mandible, pale-brownish (in dried skin), the base still paler; ‘‘iris hazel”; legs and feet pale flax-brown (in dried skin), the toes slightly darker. Wing 2.85, the secondaries 2.15; third quill longest, second and fourth equal; tail 2.40, culmen (from frontal feathers) .48, bill from nostril .31, tarsus .90, middle toe .60. Dr. Stejneger sends the following interesting account of the habits of of this species: “The loud song, consisting of the syllables wit’she-wit’she-wit’she-witsh,, and somewhat resembling the sound made by whetting a scythe, was heard, especially towards night, from all sides, among the high grass and willows which cover the swampy slopes of the mountains with a thicket almost impenetrable to both foot and eye. It was but seldom I PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 93 could get a glimpse of a watchful songster, as he, clinging to the middle of an upright stalk of some high grass or orchid, did his best in a sing- ing match with another of his own kind or a Calliope kamtschatkensis or Carpodacus erythrinus. But no sooner did I move my gun to secure the longed-for specimen than he silently disappeared, as traceless and suddenly as if he was the possessor of Dr. Fortunatus’s cap. The only way to obtain one was to watch patiently near his favorite perch, with gun in hand. For hours have | sat thus in the wet swamp, almost desperate from the stings of the numberless bloodthirsty mosquitoes, which I did not dare to wipe off for fear of driving away the silent bird, who, after watching my immovable figure until satisfied of his safety, came cautiously nearer, slipping between the stems and branches near the ground; uttering finally a very low, thrush-like tak ;-tak,—tak ;- tak; with his tail held upright, very much in the manner of a long-tailed wren. If I kept absolutely quiet he would sometimes come close to my feet, looking curiously up at me with his dark pretty eyes. But before the challenge of a rival had attracted his attention and provoked a reply, which he usually began with a short trill, it would not be advis- able to move a muscle. Then it would be time to lift the gun, very slowly, hesitating as often as he suspiciously stops his song, until the report puts an end to it forever, and I held in my hand a badly muti- lated specimen, unfit for preservation; the alternative being to return without anything, since by killing him at longer range it would impos- sible to find the small plain-looking bird in the dense and luxuriant mass of vegetation. ‘‘ Should the species prove to be a new one, I propose that the name of its first discoverer be affixed to it, that the Acrocephalus dybowskii might rest as a memento of his meritorious and unwearying work in Kamtschatka.” 3. ANORTHURA PALLESCENS Stejneger, MS. Sp. cH.—Adult ¢ (No. 88994, U. S. Nat. Mus., collectior’s No. 1644, Bering Island, Sept. 20, 1882). Above dull smoky-brown (far less rusty than in A. alascensis), uniform on pileum, nape, and upper back, but lower back and rump barred with dusky, the wing-coverts and upper tail-coverts still more distinctly barred with the same; middle wing- coverts tipped with a small deltoid spot of pure white; outer webs of five outer primaries spotted with brownish-white, the remaining quills with outer webs plain dull brown. Tail brown, crossed by 6 or 7 rather wide bands of blackish, the last three or four rendered more distinet by a decided lightening of the brown against their posterior edge; on the middle rectrices, however, the bars much less distinct and more irregu- lar. Lores, an indistinct superciliary stripe, malar region, chin, throat, jugulum, and sides of breast dull light-brownish buff (much paler and duller than in A. alascensis), the middle of breast and upper part of belly much paler, or inclining to brownish white; sides, flanks, and 94 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. erissum brownish white, broadly and distinctly barred with dusky, the sides more tinged with brown. Auriculars dusky brown, streaked with the color of the throat. Bill brownish-black, more brown on lower basal portion of mandible; ‘iris dark brown”; legs and feet dark brown. Wing 2.15, tail 1.60, culmen (from frontal feathers) .50, bill from nostril .38, tarsus .75, middle toe .55. A young bird from Copper Island is colored more like A. alascensis, and may be the same species or anintermediate race. ‘Phe upper parts are entirely uniform rusty brown, becoming brighter rusty on rump and upper tail-coverts. This new race is totally unlike the Japanese A. fumigata (Temm.), which is asmall form of very dark coloration, and somewhat like A. hyemalis pacifica of the Pacific coast of North America, but, as a matter of course, very distinct. In large size and general proportions it agrees quite closely with A. alascensis (Baird), but the coloration is entirely different, as the following comparative diagnosis may show, the compar- ison being made between two adult males in autumnal plumage (the one of A. pallescens obtained September 20, that of A. alascensis October 21): A. PALLESCENS.—Above dull smoky-brown, the lower back, rump, and upper tail coverts distinctly barred with dusky; indistinct super- ciliary stripe, lores, malar region, chin, throat, and sides of breast dull pale brownish-buff; lower breast and upper belly dull brown- ish-white ; sides, flanks, and crissum brownish-white, broadly and distinctly barred with dusky. Wing 2.15, tail 1.60, culmen (from frontal feathers) .50, bill from nostril .38, tarsus, .75, middle toe .55. Hab. Bering Island. A. ALASCENSIS.—Above, bright rusty brown, becoming more rufous posteriorly, the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts without trace of bars; superciliary stripe, lores, malar region, chin, throat, jugulum, breast, and sides, deep fulvous-buff, the belly similar, but slightly paler; flanks and anal region rusty brown, narrowly and indistinctly barred with dusky; crissum bright rusty-brown, each feather tipped with a pure white spot, this preceded by a dusky one. Wing 2.10, tail, 1.50, culmen .60, bill from nostril 40, tarsus .80, middle toe .60. Hab. (of specimen described) Unalashka. There are several species or races of this genus belonging to the elevated regions of Central and Eastern Asia, which appear to be more or less nearly related to this new form, but I have not been able tomake a direct comparison with any of them. The one which seems to come nearest, judging from descriptions, is A. neglecta (Brooks) from Gilgit and Cashmere (alt. 5,000-10,000 ft.), but there appear to be decided dif- ferences of coloration, while the habitat is of itself an almost certain indication of their distinctness. (Cf. SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vi, p. 278.) PROCREDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 95 4, HIRUNDO SATURATA Stejneger, MS. Sp. cu.—Similar to H. erythrogastra, but much more richly colored beneath, the lower parts in the male being about the same color as the throat of the male in H. erythrogastra, and of the female a shade darker than the same parts in the male of that species. Adult male (No. 89165 Petropaulovski, June 28, 1882): Upper parts rich violaceous steel-blue (exactly as in H. erythrogastra), the wings and tail less glossy and more greenish; forehead, malarregion, chin, and throat, rich chestnut (a shade darker, especially on throat, than in erythrogastra), the steel-blue of the neck encroaching on the sides of the jugulum, and extending interrupt- edly across the latter in thé form of a narrow, broken collar; remaining lower parts rich chestnut rufous. Rectrices marked with white, exactly as in erythrogastra. Wing 4.70, lateral tail feathers 4.15, middle pair 1.75, culmen .30, width of bill at base .25, tarsus .40, middle toe .40. Adult female (No. 89166, same locality and date): Similar to the male, but chestnut of forehead less extensive, that of throat, etc., paler, the lower parts paler rufous, but still a shade or so darker than in the male of H. erythrogastra. Wing 4.60, lateral rectrices 3.60, middle pair 1.85. This elegant swallow needs no comparison with the Japanese H. gutturalis, which is pure white beneath, and otherwise very different. (?) ANTHUS JAPONICUS Temm. & Schleg. (A. stejnegeri, sp. nov., if distinct.) Sp. cu.—Adult, summer plumage: Above light raw-umber brown, very distinctly streaked with black, these markings broadest on the back, the exterior feathers of which have the inner webs chiefly dull whitish, producing, when the feathers lie in natural position, a distinct stripe on each side of the interscapular region ; scapulars much less distinctly streaked with dusky, and without light edgings; middle wing coverts dusky, broadly and very distinctly streaked with brownish white; greater coverts more narrowly tipped with brownish white or very pale buff, and edged with light brown; remiges dusky, edged with light brown; middle rectrices similar, but others dusky, the outer pair mostly dull brownish white, or pale dull buff, with a dull brownish dusky space along edge of basal half of inner web; next feather with the outer web pale dull brownish buff, and the inner web with the terminal portion and stripe along shaft, nearly to the base, of the same color. Lower parts buffy white, the whole jugulum yellowish buff, of varying intensity, and distinctly, though not always sharply, streaked with dull black ; super- ciliary stripe and side of head generally pale buff, the auriculars more brownish, especially along upper margin, where sometimes streaked with dusky ; a small dusky spot immediately in front of eye, and throat sometimes bordered along each side by an interrupted series of narrow blackish streaks (these usually, however, nearly or quite obsolete) ; sides and flanks streaked with blackish, and longer lower tail-coverts also. sometimes streaked. Maxilla brownish black, the tomia light brown- 96 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ish; mandible pale brownish, darker terminally, paler at base; ‘‘iris dark brown”; legs and feet deep brown, the tarsi rather paler. Wing 3.10-3.45, tail 2.25-2.50, culmen .48, bill from nostril .35, tarsus .95-1, middle toe .65-.70, hind claw .40-.50. First, second, and third quills longest, and nearly equal (first, however, usually longest), fourth decid- edly (.15 of an inch or more) shorter. The six specimens collected by Dr. Stejneger differ more or less from one another in details of coloration and proportions. The mini- mum dimensions, as given above, are represented by a female (No. 89135, collector’s No. 1231) from Copper Island. All the remaining specimens being males, there is much uniformity of size among them. The color- ation varies much in intensity, notwithstanding the birds were all killed on nearly the same date. The deepest colored.individual is No. 89134, from Copper Island. In this the lower parts are bright, though (ex- cept on breast) rather pale, yellowish buff, with a sulphury tinge, ap- proaching white only on the abdomen and chin; the lower tail-coverts are a deep creamy buff, the longer with a distinct dusky streak near end. Along each side of throat extends quite a distinct though broken line of fine sagittate markings, extending almost if not quite to the chin. The palest example is No. 88992, from Bering Island. In this, the lower parts are buffy white, the breast and jugulum more distinctly buffy; the crissum is creamy white, or buffy white, and entirely immac- ulate; there is no trace of the line of dusky streaks along side of throat. Other specimens are variously intermediate, and there can be little doubt that the variation is, in part at least, purely individual. . There being no copy of the Fauna Japonica (Aves) accessible to me, I ani unable to verify the conjectured identity of this species with the Anthus japonicus of Temminck & Schlegel. Even if not this species it is probably already described, but I have not been able to find any descrip- tion at all applicable; and in view of the possibility of its proving new to science, I propose that it should bear the name of its talented discoverer. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, February 13, 1883. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ALCYONOID POLYP, FROM JAPANESE WATERS, WITH REMARKS ON THE STKRUCTURE AND HABITS OF RELATED FORDIS, ETC. By ROBERT E. C. STEARNS. The interesting form herein described was obtained by Mr. W. J. Fisher, while acting as naturalist to the Tuscarora Telegraph Sound- ing Expedition, under Commander George E. Belknap, in 1873. The Specimens were purchased of Japanese fishermen at Enosima, by Mr. Fisher, who kindly presented them to the author. They now form a | part of the collections in the United States National Museum at Wash- ington. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 97 All of the specimens (four) were dry and more or less imperfect. The chief characters of the form, however, are so well marked as to readily admit of identification from the following description. RADICIPES,* n. g. Polyp-mass or ccenosare linear, elongated, rooted; round, oval, or ovate in cross-section. Style or axis long, slender, attenuated, and tapering; calcareous and brittle; four sided or obtusely quadrangular to nearly round in cross-section; basal end furcate, ramified radiciform. RADICIPES PLEUROCRISTATUS,t 0. Ss. Polyp-mass linear elongate attenuate, tapering; polypiferous portion about three-fourths to four-fifths of total length; the lowest fourth or fifth squarish round to round in cross-section and free from polyps: ovate to ovate elliptic in cross-section through center of polypiferous part; polyps arranged unilaterally in a single series, one above another along one edge or angle of the style; the sarcode of each polyp inclosing and sustained by numerous slender elongated spicule. Axis or style long, slender, hard and bony, tapering simply to a fine tip; opposite or basal end forked, varicate and root-shaped. The specimens before me vary from 20 inches to 3 feet or more in length, and from twelve-hundredths to sixteen-hundredths of an inch in diameter, measured at a point about half an inch above the root. REMARKS.—The most perfect of the four styles is 20 inches long with about 2 inches of the tip wanting, and twelve-hundredths of an inch in diameter near the base. The diameters of the others are, respectively, fourteen-hundredths, fifteen-hundredths, and sixteen-hundredths of an inch just above the base. The last specimen must have been over 3 feet in length, judging from the diameter of the axis at the point of fracture. While the arrangement of the polyps as seen in such portions of the styles as still hold their dried remains intact, indicates the unilateral and uniserial system above described, there is some little evidence of a twisting of the soft parts around the axis, which is not unusual in forms of this class. The polyps occur with much regularity to the number of six or eight to the inch or from twelve-hundredths to sixteen-hundredths of an ineh apart from center to center. The angularity of the style (though obtuse) and the one-sided arrange- ment of the polyps point to a close relationship with Pavonaria (P. quadrangularis) in one direction, and the root-shaped base closely con- nects the Pennatula tribe (Pennatulacea) with the Gorgonacea. When the characters of the axial styles in the various pennatulid groups are compared, the form described by Mr. Fisher as Virgularia ornatat from specimens dredged by him in Hakodadi Bay, Japan (7 * Root-footed. +t Side-crested. {Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1874, Vol. V, p. 418. Proc. Nat. Mus. 83 7 July 27, i883. 98 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. fathoms, muddy bottom), acquires additional interest. In this the basal end of the style is broadly falciform and abruptly curved at a nearly right angle to the line of the axis, a shape peculiarly well adapted for either permanent or prolonged anchorage in a muddy bottom, and in this respect certainly superior to, and advantageous over, the simpler based rods or styles in most of the species. V. ornata, it seems to me, fills the place of an intermediate and connecting link between what may be called the simple staiked pennatulids and the furcate-rooted species I have described in this paper. Such marked variation in the form of the styles seems to indicate a corresponding difference in habit. It will hardly be questioned that the rooted form points to a sedentary habit, and a fixed and permanent local habiiat; and the simple forms of. axial rods, with such relevant data as we have at hand, imply, if not a positively and continuously active natatory capacity, certainly a less sedentary existence, more freedom, and greater activity of habit. As relating to the foregoing implication we may consider the following: Bohadsch says that the Pennatule swim by means of their pinne, which they use in the same manner that fishes do their fins. Ellis says it “is an animal that swims freely about in the sea,” “‘many of them having a muscular motion as they swim along;” and in another place he tells us that these motions are effected by means of the pinnules or feather-like fins; ‘these are evidently designed by nature to move the animal backward or forward in the sea, consequently do the office of fins.” (Phil. Trans. abridg., xii, 42.) Pallas adopted, with some reser- vation (Mise. Zoul., p. 177), the opinion of Bohadsch; * * * Cuvier tells us that they have the power of moving by the contractions of the fleshy part of the polypidom, and also by the combined action of its polyps; and to adopt the words of Dr. Grant, ‘‘a more singular and beautiful spectacle could scarcely be conceived than that of a deep purple Pen. phosphorea, with all its delicate transparent polypi ex- panded and emitting their usual brilliant phosphorescent light, sailing through the still and dark abyss by the regular and synchronous pul- sationus of the minute fringed arms of the whole polypi.”. And Bohadsech asserts that he has been a witness of this spectacle. But some authors, like Lamarck and Schweigger, reasoning from what is known regarding other compound animals, have denied the existence of this great locomo- tive power in a zoophyte placed so low in the scale as “contrary toevery an- alogy, and not necessary to the existence or wants of the animal.” To the foregoing, relating to the allied group Pennatule quoted from Johnston’s British Zoophytes,* that author adds his opinion in these words: “And there is little doubt these naturalists are right, for when placed in a basin or plate of sea-water the Pennatule are never observed to change their position, but remain on thesame spot, and lie with the same side up or down, just as they have been putin.” To this I may say, by way of com- meni, that much depends on the length of time and under what condi-_ * Volume 1, pp. 160, 161. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 99 tions such experiments are made. What Johnston says might be ap- plied with equal truth to some of the acephalous mollusca, like Mya arenaria, for instance, which though sedentary still possesses a certain degree of mobility, but nevertheless is so sluggish that one may wait and watch for some time without detecting any evidence of activity or voluntary motion. The protection or security of these Jow forms is through the secretive faculty; the more active hiding in the mud under stones or upon something which is the same color as themselves, or upon or amid objects of brighter colors by which their own is rendered obscure by contrast, or else seeking security by remaining motionless. It is not improbable that such animals may have periods or seasons of activity, and perhaps in their young or adolescent stages are much freer, else the geographical distribution of the species would be wholly mechanical exterior to and independent of the organism, and like many low aquatic forms be dependent upon currents and upon attachment to drifting ob- jects, or to other and more mobile forms of animals. The activity of cer- tain Pectens would hardly be presupposed by the closet student through the form and implied ordinary habits of these mollusks, nor from any analogies perceptible after a study of either the structure or habits of such species or groups as most closely approximate to the fanshells; yet these footless mollusks sometimes exhibit remarkable powers of locomotion, equaling in performance the more active cockle-shells (Car- dium), which are provided with a powerful muscular foot, in its way a pertect leaping-pole. The gigantic virgularian described by me in the proceedings of the Cal. Acad., in August, 1873 (Verrillia Blakei*), “the fishermen say swims free and is so caught in their nets.”t Mr. Chambers, who sent a specimen of this form to the British Museum, says:{ ‘They move about rapidly in the water, and when brought to the surface move for a fiw seconds like a snake, then make a dart swiftas lightning, and disappear.” Dr. J. BE. Gray, from whose paper the above is quoted, also says: ‘Mr. Clifton describes the Australian species as swimming rapidly in shal- low water,” and adds: ‘“‘There seems to be no doubt that the Sea-Pens and Sea-Rushes do live in groups together, erect, and sunk in the mud, and that they are sometimes found swimming free in the sea; but the question is, are the free specimens those that have been disturbed by the waves and currents, and do they afterwards affix themselves in the mud, or are they vagrant specimens that live for a time and then die, or are eaten by fish, their struggling being mistaken for swimming?” Various persons referring to Verrillia have reported it as swimming free among the dog-fish, &c. A related form, probably one of those described by the late Dr. Gabb * Verrillia Blakei, now Halipteris Blakei. tDr. E. L. Moss, in Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1873, p. 732. tNature, Noy. 6, 1873, p. 13. 100 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. under the names Virgularia elongata* and V. gracilis,t was observed by Dr. W. H. Dall in Catalina Harbor, Catalina Island, Cal., darting or swimming just below the surface of the water, and his observation LT regard as especially valuable and confirmatory as to the mobility of these animals. If they can move when compelled to do so, through being disturbed in an unusual manner, it is difticuit to perceive why they may not sometimes move of their own instinct or volition, using this last word in arestricted sense. The reasons from analogy are in my judg- ment full as weighty on the side of mobility as on the other, and the testimony of those who have actually seen these animals in their native element, including intelligent and ordinary observers, sustains the im- plication conveyed by the forms of the axial rods. The most active of the groups are quite likely sluggish animals, generally fixed and seden- tary; probably not able to continue actively in motion (motion en masse) for any great length of time. As to the mobility of one group as compared with another, it would seem as if those forms wherein the axis is simplest, the pinnz the most prominent, or the individual polyps the most numerous, might have an advantage over the others. As to the character of the motion, when the mass as a unit is detached and moving (swimming) which involves reciprocal and rather complex muscular action and implies a more elab- orate muscular system than these animals possess, hardly conveys the proper idea. Whether the motion requires primarily the simple satura- tion or absorption of water by and through the general mass, through pores in the basal section or through alleged or suspected terminal ori- fices of the interdermal longitudinal canals, or via oris—namely, through the mouth of each individual polyp—the propulsory movement is un- doubtedly due to a sudden act of the ceenosarec, a spasmodic and con- tractile effort by which the water is ejected and forced out via oris by the simultaneous co-operation of all the polyps in the mass. The move- ment would be better defined by the word “darting,” which is used by the fishermen who have seen it. Before closing, I should refer to what appears to be another important assisting factor in holding on to the bottom, in forms like Verrillia, and which is conspicuously exhibited in the species described by Mr. Fisher. I allude to the bulbous expansion which the ce@nosare in that species presents at a point just above the falciform termination of the style, and also to the elongated bulb of the basal end in Verrillia. Dr. Moss refers to this in his article heretofore quoted, and I am prepared to find it pertains to all of the simpler stalked forms. As will be perceived at a glance, the dilatation of this part materially assists in anchorage, and the contraction also readily admits of withdrawal. In relation to the geographical distribution of these interesting forms, I may add in this connection the discovery of another habitat for Ver- *Proc. Cal. Acad., Vol. II, p. 167. tId., Vol. III, p. 120. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 101 rillia, by Dr. Dall, who reported it when he was last here as occurring on the cod-fishing banks of the Shamagin Islands, where it annoys the fishermen in deep fishing, by reason of their lines becoming entangled among the polyps. Dr. Dall presented the California Academy with several specimens of the styles obtained by him in this region. Before, it was reported from only one place—namely, Burrard’s Inlet, Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia. 1 EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. Fig.1, basal part of axial rod. Fig. 2, section of polypiferous part, showing arrangement of the polyps. Note.—It should be borne in mind that the drawings, rough, but characteristic, are made from dry specimens, and that the root prongs in all of the specimens are broken and much shorter than when perfect. The figures are considerably enlarged. REPORT ON A FRAGMENT OF CLOTH TAKEN FROM A MOUND IN OHIO, By J. G. HUNT, M. D. [Letters to Prof. S. F. Baird. ] PHILADELPHIA, February 21, 1881. DEAR Sir: The fragment of cloth you sent me for examination, pur- porting to have been taken from a mound in Ohio, has proved nota little refractory. It was impossible to detect any structure until proper treatment rendered it translucent. I think it a mistake to call such cloth “charred”; it is not charred by the action of fire at all, or by slow chemical combustion otherwise accomplished. But it is rendered quite black and opaque, as all other perishable organic remains become when excluded, by burial or otherwise, from the changing conditions of atmospheric influence. The contents of a mastodon’s stomach I once examined were black and opaque, like this cloth, but were not “charred.” Indeed, we lack a term to express this curious condition. Those ancient weavers did not practice the art of coating textile fibers with heavy chemical combinations, as some modern commercial Christians are supposed to do. ; You desire to know exactly what fiber this cloth is made of? Alas! My evidence is only negative. It is not cotton; norhemp; nor flax. I think it is not any fiber now used for textile purposes. Though veg- etable in its nature, it is not a fiber at all, but consists of the entire stem of the plant, or of large portions of it, no apparent attempt hay- ing been made to separate the fiber before manufacturing. I think the 102 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. plant used for such cloth did not come from the exogens, but the struct- ural evidence is too scanty and indistinct to justify me in speaking more decidely. The whole subject is of sufficient interest to warrant further study and comparison, and if any new facts of identification should appear I will write you. If you desire a slide of the material mounted for study, I can send one. Very respectfully, a: G. HUNT tee 1802 Wallace Street. Prof. SPENCER IF’. BAIRD. PHILADELPHIA, March 13, 1881. DEAR Sire: I have now carefully examined all these specimens of grass sent by Doctor Vasey, and not one of them enters into the tissue of the mound cloth. I therefore arrive at the following conclusions re- garding the cloth: It is made of vegetable matter. Only one plant en- ters into its composition. It is not cotton, flax, hemp. jute, manila, or any other fiber now used by civilized people in manufacture. It is not a fiber at all, but all or most of the stem has been used for the purpose. There has been no attempt made by those ancient weavers to separate any special fiber from the plant, and it is probable that they were ig- norant of the process of rotting and hackling (so ancient), and now often used for that purpose. The fragments of this unknown plant pre- sent no distinct structural remains; not a cell can be seen. The only feature which may sometime lead to identification is an appearance of septa, crossing and apparently separating some fragments into indis- tinct divisions, as seen in this little figure [drawing]. If the material had been a grass we would have found some trace of epidermal struct- ures, because in most of such plants silica imperishably preserves their structures. I think, therefore, that the bark of some other than a gram- inaceous plant has been used for the purpose. Again, I have been tanght how limited is our knowledge of things. We know the names of enough things to overstock seven worlds, but of things we don’t know enough to identify this plant of the ancient mound-weavers. Very respectfully, J..@ HONT OE Prof. SPENCER F. BAIRD. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 103 LUCILIA MACELLARIA INFESTING IAN. By FRED. HUMBERT, M. D., F. €. S. ALTON, ILL., October 7, 1882. I send you herewith a gag or screw fly?, as known here; they are in alcohol or alive in a green bottle; some of the maggots are also in alcohol. I wish you would hand this species to your entomologist for a minute examination and its proper name, as I cannot find a full description of this insect and its habits in any books in my possession. The following is part of an essay penned in 1876 but not published, which, with the history of this fly, will explain itself: A farmer’s wife, thirty-five years of age, was attacked on Monday, September 27, 1875, with a headache and a flushed face. She staid at work, expecting a malarial chill, an affection prevailing at that time in the neighborhood. From this time the pains in the region of the frontal cavity at the base of the nose and below the eye, extending to the right ear, increased. At times the pain was more severe than at others, but it never entirely left. This pain was described as preventing hearing and breathing, and so excruciating that at intervals, day and night, her cries could be heard at a great distance from the house. Tuesday even- ing blood mucus began to run from the right nostril, which was some- what swollen, the swelling extending on Tuesday over the whole right side of the face. On this day, the fifth of the complaint, four large maggots dropped out of the right nostril. When I was first called to the patient, Monday, October 4, only the right lip and nostril were swollen, the acrid discharge having somewhat blistered the lips below, After each discharge the maggot dropped from the nostril, until the twelfth day, one hundred and forty or more maggots having escaped. The majority of the maggots were three-fourths of an inch in length, there being only a few which seemed a line or two shorter; they were of a yellow hue, conical shape, and having attached to one end two horn-like hooks. The patient recovered fully. Monday, September 18, 1882, 1 saw a patient, in the same neighbor- hvod as the first, suffering from the same malady. At that time two hundred and eighty maggots had been discharged, and at the close of the illness over three hundred. There was a swelling on each side of the nose, with a small opening to each. I lanced these openings and more maggots came out. In the Indian Territory the so-called screw-fly laid its eggs in the nose of man. In 1847 I heard of several deaths of men and children in Texas, near Dallas. The gad-fly was common in the American Bottom forty years ago. It laid its eggs in the noses of cattle and in the ears of horses and deer, but never in the human nose. The fly that I send is about four times as large as the common fly. Head a dark, glisten- 104 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ing green; a bronze face, very lively in appearance. Is it the same that they called in Texas or Indian Territory the screw-fly, or is it the gad-fly seeking a new field? The patient of 1875 is now alive and well. The second case occurred two years ago near Collinsville, in this county, and proved fatal. The third patient, above named, is getting well. The fourth is reported from Georgia; the patient died. The first case which I had under my charge was the first which ever occurred here. The eggs must have been deposited in the nose several days before the fifth, the day the maggots dropped out. On the eley- enth day all were discharged. I secured live maggots at that time, September 18, 1882. I put soil in an open-mouthed vial and dropped the maggots on it; they crawled in the ground in about five minutes. I covered the opening with white damastis and hoped that the next year the fly would come out of the ground. But on October 6, or the twentieth day, the vial had fourteen living flies. So, reckoning from six days before the pain commenced for the laying of the eggs, to the twelfth day, when the maggot discharged, making eighteen days, and to this adding the twenty days during which the grubs were in the ground, we have thirty-eight days from the time the fly laid the egg until a new generation of flies is produced from them. You may think I have dwelt too long on these cases, but if you had to stand at the bed and had seen the suffering and despair of the pa- tients and found that the worms were eating them up, you would not think so. Lespectfully, FRED. HUMBERT, M. D., F. C. 8. P. S.—AIl these cases occurred in the month of September. —— REPORT BY C. V. RILEY. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C., November 9, 1882. — Str: The insect referred to in the accompanying communication from Dr. Fred. Humbert, of Alton, Ill., is the Lucilia macellaria of Fabricius, the injuries of which to different animals are well known in the South and West, where the larva is called the “screw worm.” I have re- peatedly endeavored to obtain the true parent of this worm, and have published items in reference to it in the American Entomologist, 1880, pp. 21, 203, and 275. Dr. Humbert’s communication is most interesting, but the specimens yet more so, as the flies he forwards are the first that have positively been bred from the larve known as ‘screw worms,” and they confirm the above determination of the species. The larve agree with others which I have from Texas, taken from the root of the ear of a hog which had been bitten by a dog. In De Bow’s Industrial Resources PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 105 of the Southern States, vol. i, is an account of its occurrence in remark- able numbers in the Southern States in 1854. It is an interesting fact concerning this insect that it also occurs in the Eastern and Middle States, but that in these States we rarely hear of its injuries to man or to domestic animals. OCarbolic soap is considered an excellent preventive in the Southwest, and, according to Prof. J. Parish Stelle, who made the experiment for me in 1880, pyrethrum blown upon the sores will induce the worms to issue forth and leave them. Respectfully, C. V. RILEY, Curator of Insects. Prof. SPENCER F. BAIRD, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. FISH MORTALITY IN THE GULE OF MEXICO. By Ss. T. WALKER. {Letter to Prof. 8. F. Baird. ] Knowing your interest in everything connected with fish, &c., I take the liberty of giving you all the facts I have been able to collect in reference to the late mortality among the fishes in Tampa Bay and ad- joining coasts. Had I known before I began my cruise of the extent of this mortality and splendid opportunities afforded of collecting speci- mens of strange and perhaps unknown species, I might have gone bet- ter prepared for collecting specimens, but I had only heard a few vague rumors, and I was little prepared for anything further than a collection of facts in regard to the matter. On leaving Clear Water, November 20, I sailed south through Boca Ceiga Bay, and encountered the first dead fish floating on the water near Bird Key, a little southeast of Pass A’Trilla. These were mullet, and as we progressed to the south and east I began to encounter toad- fish, eels, puff-fish and cow-fish, in immense numbers, and, on attempt- ing to land on the extreme point of Point Pinellas for the night, I was driven to my boat by the stench of thousands of rotting fish upon the beach. The next morning I went ashore and found the dead fish drifted ashore in countless numbers. The eels appeared most numerous, fol- lowed by puff-fish, cow-fish, sailor’s choice, and small fish of every shape and variety. After these followed groupers, mangrove snappers, jew- fish, gar-pike, spade-fish, sting-rays, and sharks. Other varieties, un- known to me, were mixed among these, together with vast numbers of catfish. I saw very few mullet here. At Gadsden Point about the same species appeared, while at Tampa I saw but few dead fish, and they were principally gars and catfish. From Tampa I proceeded to the mouth of the Little Manatee to obtain {06 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. some information from Mrs. Hoy concerning her theory accounting for the death of the fishes. I subsequently visited the towns of Manatee, Palmetto, Bradentown, and proceeded thence to Hunter’s Point, in Sar- asota Pass, Longboat Inlet being the farthest point south visited. Re- turning, I spent several days on Anna Maria Key, where I collected the skulls of several kinds of fish; thence, passing northward by way of Passage Key, Egmont, Mullet Key, and so on back to Clear Water. From Longboat Inlet round to Mullet Key, the dead fish were principally mullet, catfish, eels, and groupers, the mullet preponderating at least ten to one. Puff-fish, toad-fish, cow-fish, and frog-fish were still extremely plentiful; indeed, I saw no diminution in their numbers, though the num- bers of dead aialtee had increased very greatly. I saw many fish in every stage of sickness, from the first attack to the end, All were affected in nearly the same manner. The fish, apparently active and healthy, would be swimming along, when suddenly it would turn on its side and shoot up to the top of the water, gasping as though out of the water, apparently unable to control its motions, often lying on its side on the bottom for five or ten minutes motionless, then suddenly shooting hither and thither without aim or object, and finally ending the struggle on the surface and floating off dead. Whole schools of mul- let would suddenly stand upright on their tails, spouting water and die in five minutes. Gars would run for a long time with their snouts above the water, and then lie motionless, as if dead, for ten or fifteen minutes. These generally lived an hour or more after being attacked. I obtained specimens of water from various localities, which I send herewith, marked to show whence obtained. Before giving the statements of others in regard to the matter, I will give you the results of my own observation in a very brief manner: 1. The dead fish were most numerous on the outside beaches and on the inside beaches of the outer line of keys. 2. That dead fish were least numerous about the mouths of creeks and rivers, decreasing gradually as one approached such places. 3. That the poisoned water was not diffused generally, but ran in streams of various sizes, as proven by fish dying in vast numbers in- stantly upon reaching such localities. 4. That the fish were killed by a specific poison, as proven by the sickness and death of birds which ate of the dead fish. 5. The fish began dying on the outside beaches first, as Mr. Strand, assistant light-keeper at Egmont, reports them coming up first on the 17th of October, while Mrs. Hoy Shand them first on the 1st or 2d of November, at Little Manatee River. 6. The examination of many hundred recently-dead fish revealed ne signs of disease. The colors were bright, the flesh firm, and the gills rosy. The stomach and intestines appeared healthy. In my haste I have neglected to state that I saw a good many dead birds during the trip. At Tampa, ducks were dying. I saw dead vul- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 107 tures at Anna Maria Key, and at Passage Key, large flocks of cor- morants were sick and dying. I also saw the carcasses of terns, gulls. and frigate birds. The cormorants sat on the beach with their heads under their wings, and could be approached and handled. It might be also proper to state that on Monday morning, December 14, about one hour before day, I heard a roaring southwest of Passage Key, apparently far out at sea, resembling the “blowing off” of a steam boiler. The noise continued some ten minutes and ceased. After day- light [ heard a similar roaring, which lasted about five minutes. There was no steamer in sight in the direction of the sound, and I observed no swell in the sea following it. After I got under sail I heard the noise a third time. Whether this was followed by the death of fish I am unable to say, as I did not stay to see. I mention this incidentally as a corroboration of Mrs. Hoy’s statement, which is hereto appended. Whether or not either of these disturbances of the water had any con- nection with the mortality among the fishes, the theory of sub-aqueous eruptions of poisonous gases is extremely plausible and reasonable. INDIAN Rock, Flora, December 21, 1880. STATEMENT OF MR. ——— WILLIAMS, OF POINT PINELLAS. The fish began dying about the last of October here. All kinds die except red-fish. Hels and sea-toads are most numerous, though all kinds die. I have seen only a few sheepsheads. I think it is caused by a black scum on the water resembling soot. When a school of mullet get into water covered by this black scum, they die at once. Oysters are affected by this also, and those who eat of them are made very sick. STATEMENT OF MR. ———— SPENCER, OF THE TAMPA TRIBUNE. I went out last Sunday (November 28), expressly to see for myself, and, if possible, to account for the dying of the fishes in Tampa Bay. I feel certain, from what I saw, that itis caused by fresh water from the creeks, rivers, and marshes. The water where the fish are dying looks black and slimy, very different from the usual color of the bay water. You see there has been an unusual amount of rain this fall, and this becoming impregnated with the pcison of decaying vegetation, is poured into the bay in unusual quantities and poisons the fish. This is my opinion, and I give it for what it is worth. The oyster saloons here were obliged to close, as the oysters came near killing several people. STATEMENT OF MRS. CHARLES HOY, OF LITTLE MANATEE. ~ The fish began dying here about the Ist of November. About 5 o’clock on the evening of October 28, or thereabout, I was sitting on my front gallery, the air being perfectly still and the bay calm, when I heard a heavy splashing of the water in the direction of Gadsden Point. This continued for a few minutes and was immediately followed 108 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. by a roaring sound, such as might be made by the wheels of a side- wheel steamer near at hand, though the noise seemed to be several miles away. This continued for about a quarter of an hour, as near as I could guess, when it suddenly ceased. Some 25 or 30 minutes after- wards heavy swells began to come up the river, such as come in during a heavy blow from the northwest. These continued for a long time, gradually becoming lighter until I went to bed. In three days the fish began to come up the river dead and dying. I caught several mullet that were standing upright in the water, sick, and each had three black spots on the back, which gradually faded away. I opened the fish and could see nothing the matter with them. The flesh was natural and firm, and the gills were normal. In regard to oysters I have had a rather rough experience, and can with certainty say that they are poisonous. <A few days after the fish began dying I had a quart of fine oysters for dinner. I hada lady visitor on that day, but she did not like oysters and ate none. My daughter and I ate heartily of them, and after dinner I took my gun and went out to a pond to shoot some ducks. I took a colored woman (my cook) along, and before I had gotten half way I began to feel weak, and a mist came before my eyes. I kept on, however, to the pond, and when I reached it was so blind I could not see the ducks, although the water was covered with them. With the assistance of the colored woman I got home, when I found my daughter similarly affected and unable to walk. Neither Mrs. Simms—the visitor—nor my cook were affected, which makes me know it was the oysters. The sickness and loss of vision gradually left us after drinking a cup of strong coffee. I am confident the death of the fish is caused by the discharge of poison- ous gases from the bottom of the sea. STATEMENT OF MESSRS. FORGARTY AND WHITTAKER, SMACKMEN OF BRADENTOWN. We own a smack and fish off the coast from Egmont south to Char- lotte Harbor. Our business is about ruined by the death of the fish. They are dying off the coast as bad as inshore. Our fish die after we put them in the well, frequently in five minutes. We cannot say what causes it, as we have no means of ascertaining. The poisoned water runs in streaks, for often when three or four smacks are in company one or two will lose all their fish in a few minutes, while the others, a short distance off, lose none. In one instance, three being in company, two lost all their fish, while one lost none, the vessels being only a few hun- dred yards apart. STATEMENT OF R. B. STRAND, ASSISTANT KEEPER OF EGMONT LIGHT. The fish first came up dead on the i7th of October in the following order: eels, cow-fish, toad fish, small fish, such as sailor’s choice, min- PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 109 nows, &c.; terrapins, ducks, and other sea-birds followed. The water has the appearance of being very slimy. INCIDENT RELATED BY MR. HENDRICKS, POSTMASTER AT PALMETTO. Mr. Dolly threw a cast-net into a school of mullet which appeared active and healthy. Before he landed them they were all dead in his net; and looking back, the whole school was floating dead on the sur- face. THE GENERIC NAMES AMITRA AND THYRIS REPLACED. By G. BROWN GOODE. I am told by my friend Professor Jordan that the names Amitra and Thyris, recently proposed by me for two new genera of fishes, are pre- oceupied in zoology. I wish to substitute for the former the name Monomitra ; for the latter the name Delothyris. Monomitra liparina will consequently be the name for the Liparis-like fish noted in the Proceed- ings (vol. ili, 1880, p. 478), and Delothyris pellucidus for the transparent flounder, noticed in the same volume, p. 344. I wish also to express my thanks to Professor Jordan for his act of courtesy. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, January 10, 1883. SHELL BEDS IN WESTCHESTER, N, Y¥. By MERRITT WILLIS. Along Pelham Bay bordering on Long Island Sound, in the county of Westchester, State of New York, there are numerous shell beds. On the northwest side of the bay they are from 25 to 30 feet apart—true Kitchen Middens. They line the east side of the bay for some distance. There is one covering two or three acres, from which I have collected arrow-points, spear-points, arrow-scrapers, pestles, stone axes, knives, sharpening-stones, pipes, stone ornaments, &c. I also have taken from the shell beds several bones cut off at the joint for some purpose. I think they-are the leg bones of deer. I have collected in the town of Westchester alone some 900 arrow and spear heads, besides axes, balls, pestles, and numerous other im- plements. Yours, respectfully, MERRITT WILLIS. 110 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. NOTES ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF CERTAIN NORTH AMERICAN FISHES, By DAVID 8S. JORDAN and CHARLES H. GILBERT. 1. Lepidosteus spatula Lacépede. We have been enabled to compare the ‘Alligator Gar” of the South- ern United States, with a Cuban ‘ Manjuari” (L. tristechus Bloch & Schneider) in the museum of Cornell University. It is probable that our species is distinct from the latter. The most prominent difference is in the development of the fulera, the number of these on each of the fins being about twice as many in our specimens of spatula as in the single example of tristechus examined. The number of scales in a vertical series is rather greater in the former. The number of fulcra increases somewhat with age, and it may be that this character will prove worth- less. At present, however, it is best to retain the name spatula for the species found in the United States. 2. Ictiobus. We find ourselves unable to recognize Ictiobus, Bubalichthys, and Car- piodes as distinct genera; they may be united under the earliest name, Ictiobus. An examination of Rafinesque’s manuscript note-books, now preserved in the National Museum, shows, beyond a doubt, that the original Catostomus bubalus of Rafinesque was identical with the Cato- stomus bubalus of Kirtland, or the Bubalichthys bubalus of Agassiz. It is likely that the number of species in the group called Carpiodes has been much exaggerated. It is thought by Professor Forbes and Mr. Garman, who have worked over the very extensive material in the Illinois Labor- atory of Natural History, that not more than two valid species exist. The same conclusiou has been independently reached by Messrs. Swain and Kalb in the study of our own collections. We may, therefore, pro- visionally recognize the following as the known species of Ictiobus : 1. Ictiobus (Sclerognathus) cyprinella (C. & V.) Ag. (Ichthyobus bubalus Ag. non Raf.). 2. Ictiobus (Ictiobus) urus (Ag.) J. & G. 3. Ictiobus (Ictiobus) bubalus (Raf.) J. & G. 4. Ictiobus (Carpiodes) carpio (Raf.) Nelson. 5. Ictiobus (Carpiodes) cyprinus (Le 8.) J. & G. 3. Esox vermiculatus Le Sueur. It is evident from Rafinesque’s manuscripts and drawings above noticed, that his Hsox vittatus and Hsoxr salmoneus are mythical, being known only from fraudulent drawings. The common small pickerel of the West, for which the name Esov salmoneus has been used by us, should stand as Esoxr vermiculatus Le Sueur, this name being prior to Hsox um- brosus Kirtland. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 111 5. Scytaliscus nom. gen. noy. The name Scytalina given by us in 1880 to a genus of Congrogadoid fishes, is perhaps too near Scytalinus Erichson 1840, a genus of Coleop- tera. We may therefore substitute for it the name Scytaliscus. The type is Seytalina cerdale J. & G. NOTES ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF LABRADOR. By W. A. STEARNS. There has been much contention between the two great powers, France and England, as to who first discovered this great peninsula of Labrador. It was certainly visited by Sebastian Cabot in 1496; and more or less explored by the Portuguese Cortereal, who, it is supposed, named it. The popular tradition of the coast seems to be “that one Labrador, a Basque whaler, from the kingdom of Nevarre, in Spain, did penetrate through the Straits of Belle Isleas far as Labrador Bay, some time about the middle of the fifteenth century, and eventually the whole coast took its name from that coast and harbor.” There is very little doubt but that the coast here was visited by Norsemen as early as the tenth century. There exists strong proof, also, that the discovery of this coast was made known by Basque fishermen. . As early as 1509, a chart of the coast had been published and was in the possession of the French. In 1532, Jacques Cartier visited the coast with Basque fishermen for pilots. The first established colony in Labrador appears to be that at * Brest,” now Bradore, which was founded 1508, and soon contained 200 houses and 1,000 inhabitants, which number was trebled in the summer time or fishing season; but this colony did not survive over a century or a century and a half. At present, from Red Bay to Natashquan, a distance of over 400 miles, there is scarcely a township containing more than thirty resident. families. The principal seal-fishing establishments are at La Tabatier, Dog Islands, Bradore, Long Point, and L’anse Loup. At these the average catch of eight stations, where hand nets are used, that are about 40 to 75 fathoms long and 30 feet deep is 800 large and 50 to 100 small harp: and hood seal. The catch of Newfoundland and other steamers and vessels is 13,000 to 16,000 young “ white coats” on the ice in the spring. These figures are increased or diminished according to the season. I have visited nearly every station of importance from Mingan to Tri- angle Harbor, some miles north of Belle Isle, and every where found the people hard at work at their fishery in the summer time. 112 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Blane Sablon forms the dividing line between the Province of Que- bee on the left hand and southwest and Labrador on the northeast. All along the coast there are little harbors and bays some of small and some large size. All these places that can harbor a vessel contain from one to three and eight—the usual number—of houses. They are various distances apart, say from half a mile to 8 miles, though gener- ally 3 to 5 miles. Itis thus, save in one or two rough places, easy to go along the coast in small boats, stopping here or there in rough weather or at night. In 1875 I made a summer excursion to Labrador, and remained there about two months chiefly within a radius of 60 miles southwest, and 10 northeast of Bonne Espérance. In 1880 I visited the coast in September, and remained there the fall, winter, and spring of 1880~81, returning home after an absence of just one year on the coast. During that time I visited nearly all the im- portant points from Mingan to Red Bay. In 1882 I spent the summer on the coast again, starting from Boston, as I had done in 1875 (my 1880-81 trip had been from Quebec), with a party of about twelve young college men, when much good work was done in collecting, but owing to insufficient apparatus only enough to show what might be done with a properly fitted-out craft going for this express purpose and no other. The following list of mammals, birds, and plants will show what has been accomplished in that line, and it is hoped that they will add, if ever so little, to our knowledge of the Labrador fauna and flora. Much more remains to be done, however, in each of these departments. My examinations have been chiefly along the sea-coast. The interior has been rarely, if ever, to any great extent invaded by man. : W. A. STEARNS. MAMMALS. During the three trips that I have made to Labrador I have found the following mammals more or less abundant (according to their designation) all along the coast: LYNX CANADENSIS (Desm.), Raf. Canada Lyne. Common, especially in winter, when it is hunted for its fur all along the coast. CANIS LUPUS, Linné, var. GRISEO-ALBUS. Gray Wolf. Reported as seen occasionally, but very rare. VULPES FULVUS (Desm.), var. FULVUS. Red Fox. Abundant, especially in furring season. VULPES FULVUS (Desm.), var. ARGENTATUS. Silver Fox; Black Fou. The former variation is not uncommon; the latter is rare along the coast. I saw three beautiful skins of the black variation, with scarcely a light hair in them, caught on the coast. — PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 113 Vol. VI, No. 8. Washington, D.C. August 1, 1883. VULPES LAGOPUS, (Linné) Gray. Arctic Fox. Rather common, but getting more and more scarce in Northern Lab- rador. MUSTELA PENNANTI, Erxleben. Fisher. Found occasionally in the southern portion of Labrador. MUSTELA AMERICANA, Turton. American Sable; Marten. Abundant inland, in the furrring season, throughout the peninsula. PuTORIUS ERMINEA, (Linné) Griff. Ermine; Stoat. Common all along the coast and probably equally so inland. PUTORIUS VULGARIS, (Erxl.) Griff. Common small Weasel. As far as I can discover equally abundant with P. erminea. PUTORIUS VISON, (Schreb.) Gapp. ink. Abundant everywhere along the coast and about inland ponds. GULO LUSCUS, (Linné) Sabine. Wolverine. Rather common, but not nearly so often taken as one would imagine by the trappers. Seems to be pretty generally distributed along the coast. MEPHITIS MEPHITICA, (Shaw) Baird. Skunk. Seen occasionally in the lower portions of Labrador, but is rare. LUTRA CANADENSIS, Sabine. Otter. Common in the furring season all along the coast. URSUS AMERICANUS, Pallas. Black Bear. Common inland and along the high bluffs by the sea shore, all along the coast. THALARCTOS MARITIMUS, (Linné) Gray. White or Polar Bear. Rare, occasionally seen on blocks of floating ice off shore in the ex- treme northern portions. Twice recorded as far down through the straits of Belle Isle as Blane Sablon. PROCYON LOTOR, (Linné) Storr. Raccoon. “Occurs at Square Island.”—Packard. PHOCA VITULINA, Linné. Harbor Seal. Common. Rears its young on sand-bars about 15 to 20 miles up the rivers in the interior in the spring. Abundant outside in the fall. PHOCA FaTIDA, Fabricius. Ringed Seal. Jar. Not uncommon in harbors in spring and fall. Distinguished from last species only on close examination. PHOCA GRGNLANDICA, Fabricius. Harp? Seal. Common in migrations all along the shores south of Belle Isle. Proc. Nat. Mus. 883-8 114 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ERIGNATHUS BARBATUS, (Fabricius) Gill. Square-Flipper Seal. Rather common on cakes of floating ice in the spring, all along the coast. CYSTOPHORA CRISTATA, (Erxl.) Nilsson. Hooded Seal. With P. grenlandica, but less common. ODOBZNUS OBESUS, (Illiger) Allen. Walrus. Rare along the coast of Northern Labrador. Two were shot in 1880 and 1881, at Fox Harbor, St. Lewis Sound, off the shore a little way. A gentleman of our party obtained the tusks of one of them, which were about 7 inches long and nearly an inch in diameter. Regarding the deer of Labrador some confusion exists. Two species, about equally common, are found throughout the peninsula in small, or less frequently in large (300 or 400), herds. They are probably the following: TARANDUS RANGIFER, Brookes, var. CARIBOU. Woodland Caribou ; and TARANDUS RANGIFER, Brookes, var. GRGSLANDICUS. Barren Ground Caribou. ALCES MALCHIS, (Linné) Gray, the Moose, and CERVUS CANADENSIS, Erxleben, the American Elk, have both been reported as found on the southwestern portion of Labrador, about north from Anticosti, but they are doubtless very rare and occasional. OVIBOS MOSCHATUS, Blainville. Musk Ox. On the authority of Prof. A. 8S. Packard a single relic of this animal may be accredited to this region. Probably it was its most southern limit in former times. DELPHINAPTERUS CATODON, (Linné) Gill. White Whale. Common in the Saint Lawrence River, at least as far as Anticosti. MoONODON MONOCEROS, Linné. Narwhal. Given on the authority of Professor Packard, but it is probably exceedingly rare. ORCA GLADIATOR, (Bonnaterre) Gray. Killer. Occasional all along the coast apparently. GLOBICEPHALUS INTERMEDIUS, (Harlan) Gray. _ Black-fish. Common in the Gulf, at least to the mouth of the Straits of Belle Isle. GRAMPUS GRISEUS, (Cuvier) Gray. Grampus. ) Not uncommon all along the shores to Belle Isle, and perhaps farther. PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS, Linné. Sperm Whale. Occasionally taken along the coast, as Iam informed by the traders and people. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 115 SIBBALDIUS BOREALIS, (Fischer) Geoffroy. Sulphur-bottom Whale. Not regarded as rare. Frequently taken by the people along the shore. One towed ashore at Old Fort Island in 1878 or 1879. One of the whalebone whales is eccasionally taken along this coast, but which species it is I cannot tell. I am sure that several species both of whales and porpoises will be eventually added to this list. SCIUROPTERUS VOLUCELLA, (Pallas) Geoffroy, var. HUDSONIUS. Flying Squirrel. Oceasional along the coast. Specimens found at Saint Augustine. ScIURUS HUDSONIUS, Pallas. Red Squirrel. Conimon in the woods along the shore, and probably inland also, all along the coast. Gray Squirrels are said to occur here also, but I did not see any. ARCTOMYS MONAX, (Linné) Schreber. Woodchuck. Whistler. Common at Mingan, growing scarce towards Bonne Esperance. CASTOR FIBER, Linné. Beaver. Common in inland ponds all along the coast in furring season, but growing rapidly scarce. ZAPUS HUDSONIUS, (Zimmermann) Coues. Deer Mouse. Jumping Mouse. Not rare on the dry tops of many of the islands along the coast. HESPEROMYS LEUCOPUS, (Raf.) Le Conte. White-footed Mouse. Occurs probably about equally abundant with Z. hudsonius. A species of ARVICOLA, or Meadow Mouse is very abundant in sum- mer. FIBER ZIBETHICUS, (Linné) Cuvier. Jluskrat. Very common in the ponds inland all along the coast, at least to Belle Isle. ERETHIZON DORSATUM, (Linné) F. Cuvier. White-haired Canadian Porcupine. Very common along the coast certain years; periodical. Killed by the Indians for food. LEPUS AMERICANUS, Erxleben, var. AMERICANUS. Northern Varying Hare. Common, some years even abundant. [LEPUS AMERICANUS, Erxleben, var. VIRGINIANUS. Southern Varying Hare. Occurs in Newfoundland, but has not yet been recorded from Labra- dor. | 116 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. VESPERTILIO SUBULATUS, Say. Iittle Brown Bat. A specimen flew on board our vessel one night, when about oppo- site Natashquan, and was secured. Other species doubtless occur. BIRDS. The following list of birds comprises those collected during a stay of twelve months on the coast in 188081, and also some additions made the summer of 1882. A few are added on the authority of Dr. Coues in 1860. I think that the number of land birds will probably be largely increased by further investigation. 1, MERULA MIGRATORIA. Fobin. Saw asmall flock at Old Fort Bay, October 10, 1881; shot a specimen April 26, 1882; found them breeding in the interior in June, same year. 2. HYLOGICHLA MUSTELINA.* Wood Thrush. Certainly heard this bird repeatedly—other persons present verified the same—10 miles up Esquimaux River, one day late in July. 3. SAXICOLA ZNANTHE. Stonechat. Dr. Coues procured a single specimen at Henley Harbor, August 25, 1860. 4, REGULUS CALENDULA. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Shot a single specimen at Old Fort Island, October 11, 1881. Dr. Coues shot one August 6, 1860, at Rigoulette. 5. PARUS HUDSONICUS. Hudsonian Chickadee. Abundant everywhere along the coast all the year. 6. EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS. Shore Lark. Common everywhere, except in winter. 7. ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS. Titlark. Common everywhere, except in the winter. 8. DENDRG@CA CORONATA. Yellow-rumped Warbler. Common in interior. Breeds. 9. DENDRGCA STRIATA. Black-poll Warbler. Common in interior. Breeds. 10. GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS. Maryland Yellowthroat. Common at Natashquan. 11. SrURUS AURICAPILLUS. Golden-crowned Thrush. Not uncommon in the interior. Breeds. * More like H. alici@ (Gray-checked Thrush), since the Wood Thrush is not known to occur even so far north as the southern shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.— Lagu PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 117 12. Sturnus Nasvius. Water Thrush. Not uncommon in theinterior. Breeds. 13. MYIODIOCTES PUSILLUS. Green Black-capped Flycatcher. A specimen was shot by D. H. Talbot, Sioux City, lowa; 10 miles up Esquimaux River another specimen was seen and others heard. The bird cannot be rare. 14. PINICOLA ENUCLEATOR. Pine Grosbeak. Common in fall and winter. 15. AAGIOTHUS LINARIA. Red-poll Linnet. Rather common in the interior. Breeds. 16. PLECTROPHANES NIVALIS. Snow Bunting. Common in large flocks in winter. 17. CENTROPHANES LAPPONICUS. Lapland Longspur. Rather common. 18. PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS SAVANNA. Savanna Sparrow. Abundant everywhere. Breeds. None seen in winter. 19. JUNCO HYEMALIS. Snow Bird. Not rare in spring and fall. Obtained several near Old Fort. 20. SPIZELLA MONTICOLA. Tree Sparrow. Not rare in spring and fall. With the last. 21. ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS. White-throated Sparrow. Common everywhere. Breeds. 22. ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS. White-crowned Sparrow. Common everywhere. Breeds. 22. PASSERELLA ILIACA. Foz-colored Sparrow. Common at least as far as Red Bay in spring and fall, if not in sum- mer. 24. SCOLECOPHAGUS FERRUGINEUS. Rusty Blackbird. Common and breeds at least as far as L’Anse Amour. 25. CORVUS CORAX. Raven. Abundant all the year around. 26. CORVUS AMERICANUS. Common Crow. A few are occasionally seen as far north as Esquimaux River. 27. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS. Canada Jay. Abundant inland all the year. 28. CHORDEILES POPETUE. Night Hawk. Common at Natashquan. 118 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29. CERYLE ALCYON. Kingfisher. Common at least as far as Esquimaux River. Breeds. 30. Picus viLLosus. Hairy Woodpecker. Common inland in winter at least about Esquimaux River. 31. PICUS PUBESCENS. Downy Woodpecker. I found this common with the last. 32. PrcomeEs ARrctTiIcus. Black-backed three-toed Woodpecker. On authority quoted by Coues. 33. COLAPTES AURATUS. Golden-winged Woodpecker. Not rare, at least as far as L’Anse Claire. 34. BUBO VIRGINIANUS. Great Horned Owl. Not rare in neighborhood of Esquimaux River. 35. ASIO ACCIPITRINUS. Short-eared Owl. A specimen was brought to me by one of the young fellows at Old Fort. 36. NycrEA SCANDIACA. Snowy Owl. Not rare in winter. All along the coast to Red Bay, at least, if not further. 37. CrRCcUS HUDSONIUS. Marsh Hawk. One specimen found at Dead Island Harbor. 38. ACCIPITER COOPERI. Cooper’s Hawk. Seen several times. 39. ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS. Goshawk. Dr. Coues obtained one specimen. 40. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO OBSOLETUS? Labrador Gryfalcon? Saw the bird, and have no doubt but that he had a nest on an inac- cessible crag near the house, but was unable to obtain it. 41. AASALON COLUMBARIUS. Pigeon Hatk. Seen several times on our way down the coast. 42, CANACE CANADENSIS. Spruce Partridge. Common all the year around. 43. LAGOPUS ALBUS. Willow Ptarmigan. Not rare. In winter generally common. 44, LAGOPUS-RUPESTRIS. Rock Ptarmigan. Not rare. Generally common in winter. 45. SQUATAROLA HELVETICA. Black-bellied Plover. Common in spring and fall. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 119 46. CHARADRIUS DOMINICUS. Golden Plover. A specimen of this bird was obtained at Fox Island, Saint Lewis Sound. 47, ANGIALITES SEMIPALMATUS. Semipalmated Plover. Common. Breeds everywhere. 48. STREPSILAS INTERPRES. Turnstone. Common at Dead Island and along the coast in small flocks. 49, PHALAROPUS FULICARIUS. Red Phalarope. Given by Dr. Coues, who procured them from off Belle Isle. 50. GALLINAGO WILSONI. American Snipe. Given by Dr. Coues. A single specimen secured. 51. MACRORHAMPHUS GRISEUS. Hed-breasted Snipe. Given by Dr. Coues. <A single specimen secured. 52. EREUNETES PUSILLUS. Semipalmated Sandpiper. Common in spring and fall. 53. ACTODROMAS MINUTILLA. Least Sandpiper. Common in spring and fall. Breeds in summer. 54. ACTODROMAS MACULATA. Pectoral Sandpiper. Occasional in fall. 55. ACTODROMAS BONAPARTEI. Bonaparte’s Sandpiper. Abundant in large flocks in spring and fall. A few breed. 56. TRINGA CANUTUS.. Knot. Not very common in fall. 57. CALIDRIS ARENARIA. Sanderling. Common in flocks of 20 and 30 at Old Fort Island. 58. LimosA HAMASTICA. Hudsonian Godwit. I obtained a single specimen at Old Fort Island. Itis said to be very rare. 59. TOTANUS MELANOLEUCUS. Greater Yellowlegs. Not rare in fall and spring. I think breeds. Have found it late into breeding season. 60. RHYACOPHILUS SOLITARIUS. Solitary Sandiper. Not rare in spring and fall. Breeds. 61. TRINGOIDES MACULARIUS. Spotted Sandpiper. Not rare. Breeds. 62. NUMENIUS HUDSONICUS. Hudsonian or Jack Curlew. Not rare in fall. 120 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63. NUMENIUS BOREALIS. JHsquimaux Curlew. Formerly abundant; now common in the interior in fall. 64. BOTAURUS LENTIGIMOSUS. American Bittern. Authority of Dr. Coues. One specimen. 65. BERNICLA CANADENSIS. Canada Goose. Not rare in spring and fall. 66. BERNICLA BRENTA. Brant Goose. Rather common at least as far north as Cape Whittle. 67. ANAS OBSCURA. Black Duck. Common; said to breed. 68. DAFILA ACUTA. Pintail Duck. Rare. I obtained one specimen of a pair seen at Old Fort Island. One taken a short time before near same place. 69. MARECA AMERICANA. Widgeon. | Occurs as far as Natashquan; said to occur inland at Esquimaux River. 70. NETTION CRECCA. EHnglish Teal. Authority of Dr. Coues, who obtained one specimen. 71. NETTION CAROLINENSIS. Green Winged Teal. Dr. Coues obtained one single specimen at Rigoulette. 72. AIX SPONSA. Wood Duck. Not rare in interior. Breeds in hollow trees. 73. AATHYIA AMERICANA. Redhead. I saw a single specimen in the water at Baie des Roches, September 23. Am told that it is common. 74. CLANGULA ISLANDICA. Barrow’s Golden Eye. Common inrivers as far as Natashquan. Said to occurin Esquimaux River in mild winters. 75. CLANGULA ALBEOLA. Buffle-head Duck. Common in fall. 76. HARELDA GLACIALIS. Long-tailed Duck. Common in mouths of rivers in spring and fall. 77. HISTRIONICUS MINUTUS. Harlequin Duck. Rather rare. Mouths of rivers, spring and fall Probably breeds. 78. SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA DRESSERI. American Hider Duck. Abundant everywhere. Breeds. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 121 79. SOMATERIA SPECTABILIS. King Eider. Abundant in spring in large flocks. I shot a great many of them. It is said to breed in this region occasionally. In the Canadian Sports- man and Naturalist, vol. 1, No. 7, July 15, 1881, p. 51, in an article headed “ Bird-nesting in Labrador,” Mr. Napoleon A. Comeau, the writer, whom I know personally and who spoke with me personally to the same purport, says that on a small island opposite Mingan: “ In- deed, one smallisland, visited by us, was almost covered with the nests of this species (S. mollissima), and here we first found the nest of its con- gener, the King Hider (S. spectabilis).” This is, I believe, the first record of this rare nest found on the Atlantic. SOMATERIA V-NIGRA. Pacific Eider. Abundant in large flocks in spring. I myself obtained specimens that had the decided “ V-shaped black mark” on the chin, and was told by the natives that there were ‘three different species of spring ducks so near alike that you could hardly tell the difference.” This species has been doubted by several authorities. I still believe that I can se- cure specimens and prove its occurrence unquestionably. 80. CEDEMIA AMERICANA. Black Scoter. Abundant. Breeds by inland ponds. 81. MELANETTA VELVETINA. White-winged Coot. Common in fall, rare in spring. Not known to breed. $2. PELIONETTA PERSPICILLATA. Sea Coot. Common in spring, rare in late fall. Not known to breed. 83. MERGUS MERGANSER AMERICANUS. Fish Duck. I have seen one specimen,taken near Fort Island. 84. MERGUS SERRATOR. Red-breasted Merganser. Common in spring and fall. Breeds occasionally. 85. LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS. Hooded Merganser. Rather rare but occasional. 86. SULA BASSANA. Gannet. Common in Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Occasionally seen near the Labrador coast. 87. PHALACROCORAX CARBO. Common Cormorant. Abundant off Mecattina Islands. Breeds. 88. PHALACROCORAX DILOPHUS. Double-crested Cormorant. Common with the former. 89. STERCORARIUS POMATORHINUS. Pomarine Jaéger. I have seen a specimen of this species I think taken near the moutb of Esquimaux River. Dr. Coues also obtained it. 122 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 90. STERCORARIUS PARASITICUS. Richardson’s Jaéger. Shot a specimen in St. Lawrence River, about opposite Point des Monts. 91. STERCORARIUS BUFFONII. Buffon’s Jaéger. Seen by Dr. Coues. ' 92. LARUS GLAUCUS. Burgomaster. Not rare. I obtained several specimens. Breeds. 93. LARUS MARINUS. Great Black-backed Gull. Abundant and breeds all along the Labrador coast. 94. LARUS ARGENTATUS SMITHSONIANUS. Herring Gull. Common. Breeds everywhere. 95. RISSA TRIDACTYLA. Kiltiwake Gull. - Common in spring and fall. Breeds occasionally. 96. LARUS PHILADELPHL&. Bonaparte’s Gull. Common in large flocks in fall, perhaps spring, but not known to breed on the Labrador coast. 97. STERNA MACRURA. Aretic Tern. An abundant spring and fall migrant in the Gulf. 98. STERNA FLUVIATILIS. Common Tern. Seen at Regoulette by Dr. Coues. 99. FULMARUS GLACIALIS. Fulmar. Recorded by Dr. Coues off Belle Isle. 100. CYMOCHOREA LEUCORRHOA. Leache’s Petrel. Common off coast as far at least as to Belle Isle. 101. PUFFINUS MAJOR. Greater Shearwater. Not rare off shore along the whole coast. 102. PUFFINUS FULIGINOSUS. Sooty Shearwater. A few were seen by Dr. Coues in company with P. major. 103. COLYMBUS TORQUATUS. Loon. Abundant. Breeds inland. 104. COLYMBUS SEPTENTRIONALIS. Red-throated Diver. Dr. Coues obtained “two eggs supposed to be of this species at Sloop Harbor, on the 4th of July.” 105. COLYMBUS ARCTICUS. Black-throated Diver. Two specimens were obtained of this rare bird off the Labrador coast by one of the French:priests at Bersimis, one in 1880. 106. PoDICEPS HOLBOLLIT. American Red-necked Grebe. Not rare in spring and fall. Occasionally breeds. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 123 107. UTAMANIA TORDA. Razor-billed Auk. Abundant, more so north of Esquimaux River. Breeds. 108. FRATERCULA ARCTICA. Puffin. Abundant on one or two islands near bradore; not rare in other lo- calities along the coast. 109. ALLE NIGRICANS. Sea Dove. Abundant certain seasons. Occasional all along the coast. 110. URIA GRYLLE. Black Guillemot. Common everywhere in spring and fall. Breeds in certain localities abundantly, though not so much so as either U. torda, or F. arctica, or L. troile. 111. LOMVIA TROILE. Foolish Guillemot. Abundant; more so south of Esquimaux River. Breeds like U. torda in vast colonies on the islands along the coast. REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS. There are few members of this class to be found on the Labrador coast, yet, strange to say, on but one part of the coast, in the marshes about the mouth of Pinway (Black River on the charts) river, about 12 mniles from Point Amour Light-House, the air was full of the pipings of some species of frog which I was unable to secure specimens of, as we did not stop at this point. The inhabitant, at one or two places along the coast invariably said: “There are frogs at Pinway, but we know of none anywhere else on the coast.” Professor Packard found Rana septentrionalis at Okkak, also Pletho- don glutinosa at Belles Amour. The Reptilian fauna will probably be enlarged, but not to any great extent. FISHES. A very few of the species in this most important department have been secured this year, 1852; and though they are only the most com- mon and abundant species, they will perhaps sérve to show a part of the characteristic fish fauna of this region. CTENOLABRUS ADSPERSUS. Common Blue perch. Was very common all about Cape Britain. GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS. Common Stickleback. Abundant in large swarms everywhere about the shoal waters of Cape Britain. I saw twospecimens of Gasterosteus biaculeatus, taken off coast in the midst of a large sea, sporting in immense areas close by the vessel. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. GASTEROSTEUS PUNGITIUS. Was found occasionally off Cape Breton coast. OSMERUS MORDAX. Smelt. Common in August, all along the shoal water. off the wharfs of Cape Britain. SCOMBER SCOMBRUS. Mackerel. Seldom taken at all on the Labrador coast, except as isolated individ- uals or by twos and threes. One person at Triangle Harbor took eight while we were there, but said that he had not taken as many before in as Many years. SALMO SALAR. Salmon. Common everywhere in the mouths of rivers all along the Labrador coast. The most abundant species of the family. SALVELINUS FONTINALIS. Speckled Brook-trout. Abundant in all the streams along the coast, seldom growing large. Is said not to be found in the ponds or far from the mouths of the streams, not mingling much if any with the large sea trout. MALLOTUS VILLOSUS. Caperlin. Abundant in large colonies in shoal water all along the coast. Used for cod bait, and pursued and fed on by the codfish in the water. When traveling in these large bodies the movements of the whole body seem to be almost simultaneous, and though the front of the phalanx is gen- erally composed of a single fish, the two sides fall off triangularly, so that, strange to say, the change of direction appears, if it is not in reality, to be simply the assuming the chief position by any fish, in any position along the line, while all the others immediately fall into their proper place, and the whole body moves off as an acute triangular shaped mass of living Caperlin. When few in number, they delight to swim singly, or by twos or threes in a long line, repeatedly sinking and swimming under the vessel from side to side, shortly returning again. . CLUPEA HARENGUS. LHnglish Herring. Abundant north of Blane Sablon, growing more and more so all along the Labrador coast, the further down which are the greatest catches. The young fish remain about in the waters all the year, if the reports of several different individuals can be credited. The people tell me that they refrain from catching the fish until September, so that the young may have a chance to grow to the fine, large fish for which this region is so celebrated, but that the nets might be drawn full of small fish in any month of the year when the ice did not interfere. GADUS MORRHUA. Common Cod. Abundant everywhere; but usually the fish are small, and seldom the size of those taken off the Grand Banks. Most of them go to France, PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 125 where they seem to be preferred to the larger fish. The larger fish are taken chiefly in the fall, in deep water—70 to 100 fathoms—the spring and summer fish average 3 to 8 and 10 pounds, and are taken in about 8 to 15 fathoms of water. The Squid is no¢ common nor even “not rare” along the Labrador coast. Although it is an abundant bait off New- foundland, it is very rare along the Labrador coast. GADUS OGAC. Greenland Codfish. Occasionally, but rarely, taken in deep water off the Labrador coast. Frequently taken within a mile from shore along the northern part of the coast, especially north of Belle Isle. Often regarded as much more delicate eating than the common cod. Seldom grows large. Swims in bodies with small ‘“‘tom cods,” as they are called, which are probably the young of the common cod. COTTUS SCORPIOIDES. Sculpin. Common in shoal water, about the fish stages, all along the coast. CorTTUS GRG@NLANDICUS. Northern Sculpin. Common, with scorpioides, all along the coast. GYMNACANTHUS PISTILLIGER. Sculpin. Rather common in the northern portions along the coast like the others. HIPPOGLOSSOIDES PLATESSOIDES. Arctic Dab. Common about the stage heads all along the coast. PLEURONECTES AMERICANUS. Common Flounder. Rather common, usually in deeper water than the H. platesoides, along the whole coast. SOMNIOSUS MICROCEPHALUS. This species of shark is found not rare all along the coast, some years doing more damage than others. It breaks the fish-nets, stops the fish from attaching themselves to the trolls of the fishermen, and is finally captured itself by some of the innumerable hooks of this same troll. After tangling and otherwise ruining the lines to the best of its power, it itself becomes the prey of the fishermen, who curse it heartily. The liver of this fish is said to yield the most delicate and pure oil of any fish known upon the coast. Several portions of the vitals are preserved by the people with the greatest of care, under the supposition that the wearing or carrying of them or the simple having them in the house will prove sure protection against not only the rheumatism, but sev- eral diseases peculiar to the male sex. There are several other species common along the coast. but of which we were not fortunate enough to obtain specimens, notably the Launce, or Lance, the fall bait for the codfish. Several other species of trout are also common. 126 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLANTS. In reviewing and adding to the excellent list of ‘Labrador Plants,” by the Rey. S. R. Butler (Canadian Naturalist, vol. v, 1870, September, p. 350), it seems necessary to say a few words explanatory of the nature of the regions bordering the sea-coast, as well also of those in the inte- rior of Labrador. There are two well-defined areas to which I would call attention; a simple designation of them as sea-coast and interior will present to you the general idea which I wish to convey. I will draw the line, as near as my own observation coincides with that of others, at somewhere be- tween 2 and 4 miles inland. Of the interior of this whole region very little is known. In summer, woods of mostly low, stunted spruce, with various evergreens, are everywhere abundant, and it is with the utmost difficulty that one can make any progress whatever. Few have at- tempted to penetrate this area, and we know but little of it. Its access- ible edges abound in many plants very similar to ours, especially those crowning the summits of the White Mountains. That part styled the coast differs from the province just mentioned in that it is composed mostly of numerous low, hilly, island crests, everywhere interspersed with narrow straits of water, besides a narrow ribbon of land up and down the coast line itself. The general flora of all the islands is much the same, but there are localized species of both wild and introduced plants. Mr. Butler makes the following remarks prefatory to his enumera- tion of species in the above-named paper: ‘The two places I have most thoroughly examined are Caribou Island and Fortean Bay. When a plant is marked ‘Caribou,’ it is meant that I found it only at that place; when ‘Forteau’ is mentioned, the plant may occur all around Forteau Bay, while ‘Amour’ means that I have found it only at ‘L’ance Amour,’ and that it is not likely to occur elsewhere in the Bay ; and where no local- ity is specified, the species may be expected to occur at many places, if not all along the coast.” The collection of Miss MacFarlane, referred toin the same paper, has also afforded much valuable material. The speci- mens collected by myself were procured at Harrington Harbor, the south- ernmost limit visited, Baie des Roches, Bonne Espérance (in and about Salmon Bay); also the ‘“‘winter quarters” of the inhabitants, a distance of 7 miles inland, up Esquimaux River, and which belongs to the main- land. , The list here presented is impartial and imperfect at best, but it will suffice until a more accurate and thorough examination of the country shall perfect it. The letter B, after a plant, signifies that the remarks are by Mr. Butler. 1, ANEMONE PARVIFLORA, Michx. Common upon the high lands of Forteau. B. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 127 2. THALICTRUM DIOICUM, Linn. Common on the highlands, along the margin of streams, and in the interior visited by me, August 5. 3. THALICTRUM CORNUTI, Linn. ““(Miss Macfarlane, No. 1).” 4, RANUNCULUS ACRIS, Linn. Rather common on the level grassy plats of Forteau, B., probably more or less distributed all along the coast in suitable localities. 5. COPTIS TRIFOLIA, Salisb. Rather common in marshy grounds. 6. NUPHAR ADVENA, Aiton. “Tn ponds, Caribou.” B. 7. SARRACENIA PURPUREA, Linn. Very abundant in one or two confined areas on the large Mecattina Island, at Harrington Harbor, July 26, and found also in the wet places among the rocks inland, October, 1880. ’ 8. ARABIS ALPINA, Linn. ‘“ Brooksides, Forteau.” B. 9. DRABA INCANA, Linn. “Caribou.” B. 10. COCHLEARIA TRIDACTYLITIS, Linn. “ Seashore, Caribou.” B. 11. COCHLEARIA, “Hilltops, Forteau.” B. 12. CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS, Moench. Probably introduced, abundant at Bonne Espérance about the yard and pathways, August 11. 13. VIOLA BLANDA, Willd. In greater or less abundance all along the coast in damp localities. 14. VIOLA CANINA, L., var. SYLVESTIS, Regel. Distributed much as in the preceding, but in