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THE LIBRARY
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THE UNIVERSITY
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MONTREAL
From 1535 to 1914
BIOGRAPHICAL
VOLUME III
THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY
MONTREAL VANCOUVER CHICAGO 1914
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RI(HAI{I) B. ANGUS
BIOGRAPHICAL
RICHARD BLADWORTH ANGUS.
"No man in Montreal and very few in Canada have had a fuller, riper and more successful career than 'the man of peace,' as he is known in business circles." So writes the Toronto Globe of Richard Bladworth Angus, and there is little to add that would describe the man morfi accurately. A purposeful man, a deep thinker, a man of the highest principles. Air. Angus is representative of the empire builders of Canada. Beginning his career in a humble station, he has climbed the ladder of success rung by rung until he reached the ranks of men like the late Lord Strathcona, and the present Lord Mount Stephen, with whom he labored in building the most important railroad lines in the Dominion and with whom he stood for all that which has made Canada the great empire that it is today. Not only has Mr. Angus been prominent as a builder and financier of great rail lines, but he has given of his time and means toward the establishment of great institu- tions to care for the sick, to bring education to all those who may seek it, to pro- mote and disseminate a thorough understanding of art — in short, to promote the intellectual as well as the material welfare of that most enterprising of all British peoples — the Canadian nation.
Richard B. Angus was born in Bathgate, Scotland, May 28, 183 1, and educated there. While in his native country he was employed by the Manchester & Liver- pool Bank for some time and in 1857 entered the offices of the Bank of Montreal in Canada. To the present generation the name of R. B. Angus has been rightly considered a synonym for the financial activity instituted by the Bank of Montreal, for he has been connected with that institution since 1857, having come out from Scotland to accept a position in the bank in which at a later date he was to be for many years the guiding hand. His keen mind, his adaptability to new conditions, his shrewdness and his careful weighing of important questions assured him of quick promotion and four years after he became connected with the institution he was placed in charge of the Chicago agency, in 1861 and in 1863 was agent for the bank in New York.
During his sojourn in Chicago Mr. Angus became acquainted with the spirit of the great west and what it was hoped might be accomplished there. He saw the states of Illinois and Iowa budding forth from prairie to splendidly developed communities and reasoning by analogy he recognized what the future had in store for the Canadian west following the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
5
6 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
The splendid financial standing of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company today is also in a measure due to the wisdom of this man, whom no doubt Sir Thomas Shaughnessy considers one of his wisest counsellors.
In 1864 Mr. Angus returned to ^Montreal to become second assistant manager of the Bank of Montreal, was later appointed assistant manager and became manager in 1868. In 1869, or two years after the union of the British North American colonies, Mr. Angus was appointed general manager of the Bank of jMontreal, a position which he held until November i, 1879. It is said that during these ten years his advice was sought many times by the diflferent finance ministers of the Dominion not only as regards federal loans but also concerning the general financial policy of the country. Although a native of Scotland, where free trade exists, Mr. Angus looked with favor upon the protectionist program, which tri- umphed in Canada on the i8th of September, 1878. He saw therein a means whereby the Dominion could become a great manufacturing country, and he has lived long enough to see the splendid fruition of that policy.
After his ten years' tenure of office as general manager of the Bank of Montreal Mr. Angus was called to another sphere of usefulness. When several prominent men connected with the Bank of Montreal bought out the Dutch interests in what was then called the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway, those interested, realizing the ability of Mr. Angus as a financier and organizer, asked him to leave the bank and become the representative of their interests in St. Paul. Accepting the management of the railway, his great success during the two years of his residence in the American northwest has become a part of the history not only of the American but also of the Canadian northwest. Mr. Angus was one of the first promoters of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was among the earliest to recog- nize the stupendous success which would attend the project if there was carried out an enlightened policy of settlement and industrial expansion. A syndicate was formed, with Mr. George Stephen, later Lord Mount Stephen, and Mr. Donald A. Smith, later Lord Strathcona, as its leading spirits. Mr. Angus was one of the original body and he has remained in connection with the incorporated company ever since as one of its directors. He advised upon the strategic points where the chief entrenchments of the first transcontinental road should be laid out and he pointed out the spots where the Bank of Montreal could most effectively plant its branches. This policy of his had a great deal to do with the expansion which has brought the capitalization of the Bank of Montreal and the Canadian Pacific Railway up to the present colossal figures.
As general manager of the Bank of Montreal Mr. Angus served under four presidents, namely, T. B. Anderson, F.. H. King, Daxid Torrance and George Stephen, now Lord Mount Stephen, and he and the latter are the only ones of the number yet living. I Ic also sat as director with Lord Strathcona and Sir George A. Drumniond, succeeding tlic latter to the presidency of the liank July 22, 1910. All admit that no one of that galaxy of financiers who have year after year sat at the historic round table ever rendered greater service to the institution than R. B. Angus.
At an age when most men throw ofT official cares and responsibilities to enjov the leisure which prosperity has brought them Mr. Angus in his octogenarian prime took up as cheerfully as would a man of forty the princi])al position in- Canada's foremost financial institution. In November, 11)13, on account of ad-
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 7
vancing years and a desire to Ije relieved of all financial burdens of a public char- acter, Mr. Angus resigned the presidency of the Rank of Montreal, but remains a member of the board and continues to give the institution the benefit of his ripe, wide and valuable experience.
That worth hath its reward is evident in Mr. Angus' career, who is rated today as one of the richest men in Montreal. However, he seems to consider himself more in the light of a steward of his vast property interests, for he freely and liberally has given of his means and made handsome contributions to numerous institutions. Among these is the Montreal Art Association, of which he was formerly president and to which he gave money and several valuable paintings. He also supported McGill University with a considerable sum and gave to the Alexandra Contagious Diseases Hospital of Montreal, of which he is a governor and was a founder. He was president of the Royal Victoria Hospital, which in- stitution he also has liberally supported, and is a vice president of the Royal Vic- torian Order of Nurses. The Charity Organization Society, of which he is a director, has also benefited in a material way and by his timely advice. Mr. Angus was also a governor of the Montreal General Hospital. An honor to his race and one of the foremost representatives among Scotchmen in Canada, he served sev- eral times as president of the St. Andrew's Society of Montreal. Mr. Angus was governor of the Fraser Institute Free Public Library and is an honorary member of. the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of Montreal.
Among commercial and financial institutions with which he has been or is connected are the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, the Laurentide Paper Com- pany, the Dominion Coal Company, the Dominion Iron & Steel Company, the Dominion Bridge Company, the Royal Trust Company, the Grand Falls Power Company, the Pacific Coal Company, the Canadian Salt Company, the Northwest Land Company and the London & Lancashire Life Assurance Company.
Mr. Angus has always taken a deep interest in public institutions and was one of the chief promoters of the board of control in Montreal, which was founded in 1909. Pie has ever placed his services at the disposal of such afifairs as have made for a greater and better Canada. In 1910 knighthood was offered to him, but he declined the honor.
Among the clubs of which Mr. Angus is a member are: the St. James, of which he was formerly chairman ; the Alount Royal, of which he was a founder and of which he has served as president ; the Montreal Jockey ; the Auto and Aero Club ; the Forest and Stream Club : and the Winter Club. He also is a member of the Rideau Club of Ottawa, the Toronto Club, the York Club of Toronto and the Manitoba Club of Winnipeg.
On June 13, 1857, Mr. Angus was married to Miss Mary Anne Daniels, who died March 13, 1913. To them were born three sons and six daughters, two of the latter being deceased.
In religious matters Mr. Angus adheres to the stern faith of his fathers, being a Presbyterian. It may be said of him that in all fields in which he has exerted his activities he has excelled. Quiet in demeanor, he is purposeful and unconsciously exerts an influence which makes for domination. That this domination is always used to good purpose and for the benefit of his country and its people stands to his high credit. Sir Sandford Fleming paid him high compliment as a banker in the words that he is a man who "in every way is a credit to the great institution
8 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
over which he so wortliily presides," and the Alontreal Star characterizes him as "one of Canada's prominent and most highly respected financiers." Mr. Angus is a true Scotchman, a truer Canadian, but best of all — a man worthy of the name.
LEONIDAS \TLLENEUVE.
From a comparatively humble position in business circles Leonidas Villeneuve advanced until he ranked w-ith the millionaire merchants of Montreal and throughout his entire career his record was such as any man might be proud to possess, bringing to him the respect of colleagues and contemporaries. The record of his career, showing the steps in his orderly progression, may serve as a source of inspiration and encouragement to others and in this biography finds its chief motive and value.
Mr. X'illeneuve was liorn in Terrebonne county, at Ste. Anne des Plaines, a son of Joachim \'illeneuve, who was a farmer there. His boyhood and youth were uneventfully passed, but when twenty years of age he determined to try his fortune in the commercial field. He was attracted to the lumber business and, believing that he would find it congenial and profitable, he established a small lumberyard north of Mount Royal avenue, in the ownership and conduct of which he was first associated with the late Senator J. O. Mlleneuve. Gradu- ally he advanced toward the goal of success, his business growing with the development of the district. He remained at its head until his death, eventually conducting an extensive liusiness under the name of the L. \'illeneuve Company. This brought him substantial returns and his fortune also arose through his wise and judicious investments in real estate. From time to time he added to his holdings and, when there was a real-estate boom in the district, he had extensive holdings, a portion of which he sold, realizing therefrom a handsome fortune.
Mr. \'illeneuve w-as a prominent figure in local circles in connection with the growth and progress of his section. When the district north of Mount Roval avenue gradually developed from a sparsely settled region into a fast growing town he was one of the leading spirits in planning roadwavs, parks and public improvements. To him in great measure it is due that, \vi its wide streets and well built homes, Laurier ward is among the most attracts e in this city. He was for twenty years associated with ihe municipal life of \'ille St. Louis, first serving as alderman and afterward for three terms as mayor.
In politics Mr. X'illeneuve was a stalwart conservative, but while working actively in the party and doing everything in his power to promote its growth and secure its success, he could never be tempted to try his fortune in cither the federal or provincial fields, although he was requested on many occasions to carry the party banner. He was imiversally respected for his unswerving business honesty and uprightness, and upon these (|ualities as a foundation he builded his success, which placed him among the leaders in his particular line in eastern Canada. His sound judgment enabled him to correctly value those things which go to make up life's contacts and experiences. His opinions were sound, his enterprise unfaltering and his activities were of a character that contributed to the public welfare as well as to individual success. Mr. \'illeneuve was a
LEONIDAS VILLENEUVE
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 11
member of the Roman Catholic church, and took a great deal of interest in church aflfairs.
Mr. Villeneuve was married twice. His first wife was Malvina Joyal, a sister of Dr. Joyal. of Montreal, and to them was born a son, J. Arthur, who was educated in Montreal and traveled extensively with his father in Europe. He married Miss Yvonne Lariviere, of Montreal, and has a son, Jean Leonidas, born July II, 1913. J- Arthur Villeneuve is vice president of the L. Villeneuve Com- pany and of the Eagle Lumber Company and is a worthy successor of his father in connection with the lumber industry of the country. For his second wife Leonidas Villeneuve chose Dame F.xilda Bergeron, who also survives. His life of intense and intelligently directed activity brought him success and, more- over, he always followed constructive methods in his business career, so that his path was never strewn with the wreck of other men's fortunes.
HENRY R. GRAY.
Tangible evidence of the public spirit of Henry R. Gray is found in his service as chairman of the board of health and the radical and effective measures which he took in preventing the spread of a small-pox epidemic. He did equally efficient work in promoting sanitary conditions in Montreal along various lines and at the same time he occupied a prominent position as a representative of the pharmaceutical profession. He was born December 30, 1838, in Boston, Lincoln- shire, England, and pursued his education at Standard Hill, Nottingham, the head master of the school being William Goodacre. the well known author of several standard educational works. He was afterward articled for five years to William March, chemist and apothecary, at Newark. England, and subse- quently pursued a course of lectures on chemistry under the celebrated Roscoe in Manchester.
Coming to Canada when twenty-one years of age, Mr. Gray established his business in Montreal in 1859 and for several years devoted his attention to the study of sanitary science and particularly to the question of the sanitation of cities. He was connected with every movement to improve the sanitary condi- tion of Montreal and his labors were of far-reaching benefit. He became one of the originators of the Pharmaceutical Association of the province, of which he was elected secretary and later treasurer and vice president. He was next called to the presidency, serving for three consecutive years and also as a member of the board of examiners. He became one of the charter members of the Montreal College of Pharmacy and for two years was its president.
In 1884 he was elected alderman of the St. Lawrence ward and soon after- ward was unanimously chosen by the city council as chairman of the local board of health, serving in that difficult position during the whole of the disastrous epidemic of small-pox which devastated the city and province in 1885 and 1886. When the disease broke out and the death rate amounted to twenty-five per day, there was little civic organization to prevent the spread of disease or further the promotion of sanitary conditions. \'accination was opposed, but Mr. Gray organized a vigorous campaign to stamp out the disease and obtained the passage
12 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
of by-laws insisting on free and compulsory vaccination. He also organized a civic hospital and insisted on all the small-pox patients being sent to the isolation hospital. Through this and other emergency methods he allayed the general fear and stamped out the disease. It was in that year that he succeeded in get- ting a by-law through the city council requiring all household refuse to be cre- mated, and shortly afterward crematories were erected and a contract for five years' collection and cremation given out.
After having served a three years' term as alderman Mr. Gray declined reelection. He was appointed by the government a justice of the peace and a member of the council of public instruction for the province of Quebec and was elected to represent it on the corporation of the polytechnic school of this city. He was likewise a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital and the Notre Dame Hospital. When the public health act passed the legislature, shortly after the small-pox epidemic, Mr. Gray, who in addition to his aldemianic duties had been a member of the old central board of health for the province, was appointed a member of the new provincial board of health then created and remained a member until his death. In 1885 he was elected membre honoraire de la Societe d'Hygiene Frangaise of Paris, France. After his retirement from the city council he was requested by a number of leading citizens of all parties and creeds to accept the nomination of mayor, but owing to business reasons he was obliged to decline.
Mr. Gray married Miss Catherine Margaret McGale. the youngest daughter of the late Dr. Bernard McGale, who was a member of the army medical stafif. Mr. Gray died February 18, 1908, and is survived by his wife, three daughters and a son. Dr. H. R. Dunstan Gray. The memory of his well spent life is cher- ished by all who were his contemporaries and his colleagues, and the worth of his work is recognized by all who know aught of the history of Montreal.
JAMES JOHNSTON.
Throughout an active, commercial career James Johnston was engaged in importing and dealing in English and foreign dry goods, in which connection he built up an enterprise of extensive and gratifying proportions, his becoming one of the leading commercial houses of Montreal. He was born March 20, 1849, a son of James and Mary (Burns) Johnston, both of whom were natives of Scotland, who, coming to the new world in early life, were married in Montreal. The father, who was born in 1819, passed away in this city on the 27th of May, 1882.
Spending his youthful days under the parental roof, James Johnston pursued his education in the schools of Montreal and Quebec and, entering business circles, he became connected with the firm of James Johnston & Company, im- porters of and dealers in dry goods of English and foreign manufacture, of which his father was the head. After the death of his father he became head of the business, devoting his entire attention to the development of a trade which, grew to large and gratifying proportions, making his one of the leading dry-
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 13
goods establisliiiients in tlie city. Since his demise the store has been sold and is now conducted under the firm style of W. R. Brock Company, Ltd.
Mr. Johnston was married in Montreal, in 1876, to Miss Agnes Grant Rob- ertson, a daughter of Andrew Robertson, who was a prominent resident of this city, liy this marriage there were eight children of whom seven are living. The family circle was broken by the hand of death when on the 14th of July, 1899, James Johnston was called to his final rest. His interests and activities, aside from business, are indicated by the fact that he held memberslii]) in tlie St. James Club, the Metropolitan Club, the Hunt Club, the Forest and Stream Club, and St. Paul's Presbyterian church. He was always actuated by high and manly principles and worthy motives, and he left to his family the priceless heritage of an untarnished name as well as the substantial reward of his busi- ness enterprise and sagacity.
MICHAEL JAMES WALSH.
Michael James \\'alsh is prominent idong various lines of activity in Montreal, where he is widely known as a successful insurance broker but has also actively participated in an important way in political and governmental affairs and is moreover widely known in fraternal circles. Of good Irish stock, he has brought the sturdiness of his ancestors to the task at hand anrl has attained a success which entitles him to consideration as one of the substantial men of his community and a power for progress and improvement in the political field.
A native of Montreal, Michael James Walsh was born on the 2d of Septem- ber, 1858, a son of Mark and Catherine (Nolan) Walsh, both natives of County Wexford, Ireland. The father was prominent as a contractor and everywhere in this city respected as a successful business man. Michael J. Walsh received his education at St. Ann's parish. Christian Brothers School, and upon discon- tinuing his lessons became connected with the Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific Railways, remaining for about ten years in their employ in their store depart- ments. He then set out independently, becoming an insurance broker, and by native shrewdness and ability to understand commercial conditions has succeeded in building up a business which ranks him among the foremost men in his line in Montreal. When his private affairs permitted him to devote some of his time to the public weal he entered politics with the same zest as he displayed in his private business affairs and as a result was elected alderman of the St. Ann's ward on February I, 1902, continuing in that ofiice for four years or until February i, 1906, and doing valuable work in promoting measures which have been of far- reaching benefit to the city. On November 25, 1904, he was also elected a mem- ber of the Quebec provincial legislature and on December 28, 1908, reelected to that office, continuing therein until May 15, 191 2. His legislative career has been one of success and his record has been so clear that his constituents may well be proud of their representative. He has done much in supporting valuable bills, especially those undertaken in the interest of his constituents, and has ever been active in committee rooms and on the floor of the house in sustaining or ])ro- moting constructive legislation. His political position is that of a liberal, and
14 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
he always has been a stanch supporter of that grand man of the liberal party, Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
On October 9, 18S2, at Montreal, in St. Henry parish church, Mr. Walsh was married to Mary Jane Barry, a daughter of David Barry, mechanical superin- tendent of the Canada Sugar Refinery, and Mary O'Leary, both natives of County Cork. Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Walsh became the parents of two sons. Joseph Christopher Barry Walsh. B. A., B. C. L., is a well known notary public. The other son born to the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Walsh is David Robert Barry Walsh, who graduated from Loyola College and is now successfully engaged in the insurance business, being inspector for the Royal Exchange Association. Both sons are young men of excellent habits and qualifications.
As the years have passed Mr. W^alsh has become connected with a number of outside interests and is now a director in the People's ]\Iutual Building Society and for many years has been a member of the Montreal Board of Trade, doing in that connection important work in promoting commercial expansion. Fra- ternally he is very prominent and has held high offices in the Knights of Colum- bus, the Catholic Order of Foresters, the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, the Canadian Order of Foresters, the Royal Guardians, the Ancient Order of Hibernians and in St. Patrick's Society. A man of varied and important inter- ests, Mr. Walsh has made an honorable record in business as well as in munici- pal and provincial politics and enjoys the full confidence of the best classes of population. In him there is strongly developed the quality of loyalty, and it is his devotion to a cause which has led him into the important relations with which he is now connected. He may justly be classed with ^Montreal's leading citizens, and the position which he has attained is the more creditable as it has been brought about entirely by his own efl:'orts.
JAMES BELL, M. D.
Notable service in the field of abdominal surgery won for Dr. James Bell an international reputation. His broad study and research made him a scientist of renown and his opinions were largely accepted as authority by the profession which recognized him not only as an eminent surgeon, but equally capable edu- cator. He was born at North Cower, Ontario, in 1852, and after acquiring his early education in local schools and by jjrivali tuition, he entered Mctiill Univer- sity and was graduated as Holmes' gold medallist in 1S77, a fact indicative of the excellent work which he had done in his student days. He was innnediately appointed house surgeon in the Montreal Ceneral Hospital, which position he held until 1882, gaining that l)road practical experience and knowledge which only hospital practice can bring. In 1880 he became medical suijerintendent of the Montreal General Hospital and in 1885 was ai)i)iiintcd ti) the position of assistant surgeon, followed by appointment as surgeon a year later, lie tilled the position with distinction for eight years and then became surgeon of the new Royal Victoria Hospital in 1894, remaining in that connection until his demise. As the years passed his skill and ability constantly increased and developed and
]JR. .lAMKS iu-:r.L
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 17
his reputation spread abroad until he was acknowledged not only one of the emi- nent surgeons of Canada, but also, by reason of his specialty in abdominal work, as one of the most distinguished representatives of the profession on the American continent. He became just as widely known in connection with surgical work for the treatment of gall stones and kidney diseases. In addition to his other hospital service he was consulting surgeon of the Children's Hospital. After going to \'ictoria Hospital he remained a consulting surgeon of the Montreal General Hospital and also acted in a similar capacity at the Maternity Hospital.
His connection with McGill University was equally brilliant, for through many years he was one of its able educators in the medical department. In 1888 he was appointed associate professor of clinical surgery. In i8go he was made assistant professor of surgery and clinical surgery; in 1895, professor of clinical surgery, and in 1907, professor of surgery and clinical surgery. He held member- ship in the American Surgical Association and the Canadian Surgical Association, and he served as surgeon major in charge of the field hospital corps in the Riel rebellion, receiving a medal for his services, while between 1880 and 1888, he was surgeon to the Si-xth Battalion of Fusiliers. He was the author of various valua- ble papers, including one entitled Tubercular Family History, and his contribu- tions to the press have ever been eagerly received. He was the author of the chapter on Surgical Diseases and Wounds of the Kidneys and Ureters in Amer- ican Practice of Surgery as well as numerous valuable treatises on the kidneys. He was a member of the Genito-Urinary branch of the American Medical Association in which he represented the Canadian Medical Association. As a diagnostician he had few equals and he possessed a medical technique that was marvelous. One of his strongest traits of character was his utter fearlessness. He spoke his own mind and was seldom misunderstood. He never catered to cheaply acquired popularity or public opinion and always had the courage of his convictions. He spoke what he thought to be the truth no matter who it opposed or oflfended. He thoroughly detested sham or deceit and was self-contained, quiet and self-reliant in connection with all of his professional service.
Dr. Bell was married in June, 1889, to Miss Edith Alary Arnton, the eldest daughter of the late John J. Arnton, of Montreal, and they had one son, James Stuart Ethelwyn Wallace, wdio was born February 15, 1899, and in accordance with the wish of his father is preparing for the medical course at McGill. Dr. Bell was a member of a number of the leading clubs, including St. James, the Montreal Jockey, the Mount Royal and the University Clubs. He was for more than twenty years one of the enthusiastic members of the Montreal Hunt Club and for many years followed the hounds. He greatly enjoyed outdoor life, much more than so-called society and said with Byron,
"I love not man the less but nature more." He was fond of hunting and fishing and it was his custom each year to hunt big game in New Brunswick where he was often a guest at August Belmont's private shooting preserve. Dr. Bell was also a member of the Chapleau Club in the Laurentians where he went for his fishing. His country home, Saraguay, was his residence during four months in the year for more than eighteen years. Here he maintained a fine breeding establishment of driving and saddle horses and was able to gratify the great pleasure his excellent stock afforded him, for he was a lover of a good horse.
18 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
iS'o man ever more fully, however, recognized the duties and obligations of the profession or more conscientiously met them. The regard entertained for him by his professional brethren is indicated in the fact that Dr. C. E. Church termed him '"the ablest surgeon in America,"' while Dr. T. G. Roddick said, "the death of Dr. James Bell is a distinct loss to the medical and surgical profession. He was a man of marked ability, with conscientious devotion to his work, which earned him the respect of his fellows, as well as success amongst his patients. And he was not only respected by the profession throughout the country, but loved by his friends." In comment upon his death the Montreal Gazette wrote, "One of the men who have done much for the advancement of the medical pro- fession in Canada passed away yesterday when Dr. James Bell, in the ripe fullness of a useful career, was carried off by appendicitis. It was by a curious irony of fate that Dr. Bell died most unexpectedly at the Royal Victoria Hospital, in whose wards still lay many upon whom he had operated, and whose lives he had probably saved by his skill. For many years Dr. Bell had been recognized as one of Canada's leading surgeons, in fact one of the greatest surgeons in abdom- inal work on this continent and his services were in great demand, not only in Montreal, but wherever the work of a skillful scientist whose immediate judg- ment and power might be efficacious to save human life, was needed. Day by day he had been working in the operating room of the Royal Victoria Hospital and the sick rooms of patients, in circumstances where a single mistake might mean loss of life. The strain was much greater than ordinary people could have imagined. He was one of those men who devoted themselves to their work so well and performed it so efficiently that there was no need to fight for prominence. His work was such that it inevitably grew. As his ability became known his services became more in demand and in a quiet and conscientious way he grad- ually became one of the recognized surgical authorities of his time and one of the busiest. Not only in Montreal but in many parts of Canada he was called upon wherever there was a stern fight against death, and frequently he was called to exercise his skill even farther afield in the United States. Those who knew him as either surgeon or as friend will remember him as one who knew his work and did it well, without thought of public recognition."
Dr. Bell was actively engaged in professional duties almost to the closing hours of his life. On the last day he visited Victoria Hospital he performed an operation in the forenoon. In the evening of the same day he was taken ill and the end came a few days later. The board of governors of the Royal Vic- toria Hospital caused to be made a bronze bust of Dr. Bell which was placed in the main hall of that hospital. The significance of this action is better understood when it is known that but one other bust is there shown — that of Oueen \'ictoria.
JOSEPH 0\TDE GRAVEL.
Joseph Ovide Gravel, for many years manager and executor of the John Pratt estate in Montreal and ])rominently connected with other important cor- porate and business interests of the city, was born here in 1839. He acquired his education in the commercial schools of the city and in 1S54 began a business
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 19
career which brought him constantly increasing prominence and prosperity. From that date until 1863 he was connected with the firm of Benning & Darsalou and was then made secretary-treasurer of the Canadian Rubber Company, taking an active part in the affairs of that concern until 1899. He was later a director in the Canadian Linseed Oil Mills, a trustee of the Guardian Assurance Com- pany, president of the Sincennes-McNaughton line and of the Dominion Oil Cloth Company. He became known as a reliable, forceful and discriminating business man, one who always carried forward to successful completion what- ever he undertook, and he made his ability and insight the basis of a substantial and well deserved success. He married Aurelie La Rocque. His son, C. E. Gravel, is now in charge of the Pratt estate and is ably carrying forward his father's work in its management.
JOSEPH LOUIS ARCHAMBAULT.
Joseph Louis Archambault. of Alontreal, whose reputation as a distinguished and able lawyer has made him well known throughout the province and who is now filling the position of city attorney, was born at Varennes, June 19, 1849, a son of the late J. N. A. and Aurelie (Mongeau) Archambault. The father, who was "a patriot of 1837," became president of the provincial board of nota- ries in Quebec and was a distinguished representative of his profession. The son supplemented his early education by study in the College of St. Hyacinthe and in broad literary training laid the foundation upon which he has built the super- structure of professional knowledge. He pursued his law studies under the direction of the late Sir George Cartier and at the same time followed the law course in McGill University, which conferred upon him the B. C. L. degree in 1871. The same year he entered upon active practice as an advocate and has since remained a member of the Montreal bar, although his growing powers and capabilities have won him place among the leaders of the profession in the prov- ince. He was created a king's counsel by the Marquis of Lansdowne in 1887 and became a member of the council of the bar in 1889. For some years he filled the position of crown prosecutor for the district of Montreal and has frequently pleaded before the judicial committee of the privy council in England, having cliarge of important cases from Canada. He became city attorney of Montreal in 1898 and in the discharge of his official duties has won high honors and encomiums. He has always enjoyed a large private practice and in following his profession has been associated successively as law partner with Sir J. A. Chapleau, O. C, the Hon. J. A. Mousseau, O. C. and the Hon. W. W. Linch, Q. C. He has written quite extensively on legal subjects for the newspaper and magazine press and is the author of a number of published volumes, including: Jacques Cartier, an Historical Drama (1879); Etude Legale sur I'Universite Laval a Montreal (1880) ; Institutions Municipales (1887) ; Le Barreau Canadien au Conseil Prive (iSSg): Genealogie de la Famille Archambault, 1620-1890 (1891) ; La Bourgeoisie au Canada, Two Lectures (1894) ; The Criminal Forum in Canada (1895) ; and Etude de Moeurs Judiciares (1897). His opinions upon involved legal questions are largely accepted as authority by the profession and
20 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
the public. He served as batonnier or president of the Montreal bar in 19 12 and 1913. In addition to his law practice he is one of the directors of the Rolland Paper Company.
Mr. Archambault was married in Montreal in June, 1873, to Miss Ernestine, the eldest daughter of the late Senator Rolland, of Montreal. In religious faith Mr. and Mrs. Archambault are Catholics, and his political belief is that of the conservative party. He belongs to the Canadian Club and those who meet him socially find him an entertaining, genial and cultured gentleman whose ways are those of refinement and whose word no man can question. The Montreal Star has said of him: "His career has been marked with continuous success and great devotion to the legal profession." His prominence is the logical outcome of well developed talents and powers and he is justly accounted today one of the leaders of the provincial bar.
JOHN CLEMENT NEUF\'ILLE BADGLEY.
The Badgley family is one of the old and prominent families of Montreal, their connection with the city's history dating back to 1785.
Four generations of this family have been prominently identified with the city's business and professional interests. John C. N. Badgley, active in busi- ness circles for many years, remained a resident of this city from his birth on December 7, 1856, until his death on March 7, 1906.
He was a son of the Hon. William Badgley, D. C. L., one of the eminent repre- sentatives of the judiciary of the province, and a nephew of Dr. Francis Badgley, one of the most prominent members of the medical profession of his day and an early member of the McGill College faculty. Dr. Badgley died in England where he resided the latter years of his life.
Hon. William Badgley, whose entire life was spent in Montreal, was born in this city, March 2-/, 1801, his parents being Francis and Elizabeth (Lilly) Badgley. The father, a representative of an old Derbyshire family, was born in London and for years was a well known Montreal merchant. He was likewise a recog- nized leader in political circles and represented his city in the provincial parlia- ment from i8or until 1805. The father of the Hon. William Badgley, Francis Badgley, was one of the early settlers of Montreal, arriving in 1785. I'^rancis Badgley became one of the prominent fur merchants in Montreal and married Elizabeth Lilly, daughter of John Lilly.
William Badgley, after pursuing his more specifically literary education with the Rev. Alexander Skakel, studied law in Montreal and was admitted to the bar in Nov-ember, 1823. He entered at once upon active and successful practice, was created queen's counsellor in 1847 and received the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law from McGill University in 1843. For about twenty years he practised his profession in Montreal and gained distinction as a barrister. He was also the author of a work called Remarks on Registrar's Office which was published in 1837. In 1840 he was called to public life in his appointment as commissioner of bankrupts, in which capacity he served until 1844. when he was appointed circuit judge. He was also secretary of the Constitutional Associa-
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 21
tion which aided in the reunion of the Canadas in 1841 and two or three years before that act was consummated he was one of the delegates sent to England to further the movement. He continued upon the bench as circuit judge until 1847 and then resumed the private practice of law. Judicial honors, however, were again conferred upon him when on the 27th of January, 1855, he was appointed puisne judge of the superior court of Lower Canada, so continuing until the ist of September, 1862, when he was transferred to the court of queen's bench as temporary assistant judge. Later he was appointed puisne judge of that court on the 17th of August, 1866, and after presiding over its proceedings for eight years was retired on a pension in June, 1874, because of partial deafness. Devotedly attached to his profession, systematic and method- ical in habit, sober and discreet in judgment, calm in temper, diligent in research, conscientious in the discharge of every duty, coiirteous and kindly in demeanor and inflexibly just on all occasions, these qualities enabled his honor, William Badgley, to take first rank among those who have held high judicial offices in the province. His reported opinions are monuments to his profound legal learn- ing and superior ability. They show a thorough mastery of the questions involved, a rare simplicity of style and a remarkable terseness and clearness in the state- ment of the principles upon which the opinions rest. His name is also inter- woven with the histor\' of legislation for he sat for jMissisquoi in the Canadian assembly from 1844 until 1851, and for the city of Montreal from the latter date until the general election in 1854. He was a member of the executive coun- cil and attorney general for Lower Canada from April 23, 1847, to March 10, 1848. He always gave stanch allegiance to the conservative party, feeling that in its principles lay the strongest elements of good government. His fraternal connections were with the Masons, and he was district and provincial grand master for England from December, 1849, until his demise.
With him passed away one of the links which have bound the bustling men of middle age today with a generation of which the youth of today know but very little, of men more proud and precise in their manners than we are, and whose courtesy and politeness was a part of their daily life. The loss of their influence and example is no small one.
In 1834, in London, England, Judge Badgley was married' to Miss Elizabeth Taylor, the eldest daughter of Lieutenant Colonel J. W. Taylor of the Twentieth Regiment B. N. T. Six children were born to this marriage ; the wife and mother passed away in 1874.
John C. N. Badgley, youngest son of the Hon. William Badgley, pursued his education in Montreal high school and McGill University after spending some time as a student at Port Hope. When a young man he engaged in the coal business and was connected with that department of commercial activity in Mon- treal throughout his entire life. He became one of the active business men of this city, his energy and enterprise leading him into important, commercial relations and winning for him a high standing as a business man and citizen.
He married Miss Mary E. Badgley, a daughter of Francis H. and Margaret (Drummond) Badgley of Ottawa.
John C. N. Badgley not only figured prominently in commercial circles but was also a well known member of the Board of Trade< a past master of St. Paul's Lodge of Masons and a member of the Christ Church cathedral. His death
22 HISTORY OF IMONTREAL
on March 7, 1906, left a widow, son and daughter. The latter, Elizabeth Ruth, married October 10, 1913, John William Shaw of Montreal, while the former, Clement ^Montagu, was born September 17, 1886, in Montreal and is the fourth generation of the Badgley family that have been connected with Montreal's business interests. He finished his education in tliis city and after spending some time in travel abroad, concluded to enter upon a business, rather than a professional, career. He was in the employ of the Liverpool & London & Globe Insurance Company for a time, after which he became assistant head clerk for the Atlas Insurance Company. With the valuable experience thus gained, Mr. Badgley entered the insurance and real-estate business on his own account, and at once secured a clientele that gave him a high position among the best class of men in this line of business. He subsequently became associated with David A. Lewis, as the firm of Lewis & Badgley, in real estate and insurance, with offices in the Merchants Bank building.
]Mr. Badgley is a member of the JMontreal Amateur Athletic Association, and the Canadian Club.
JAMES ROSS.
For almost a half century James Ross was intimately associated with the growth and development of Canada and was an active factor in establishing, building and promoting many of the leading national and municipal railways of the country. It was under him that Sir William Mackenzie started his career and subsequently he cooperated with him in various enterprises throughout the world. He was also a long-time associate of Sir Sandford Fleming, Sir William \'an Home, Sir Thomas Shaughnessy and Lord Strathcona, more particularly in the '80s, in the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was also actively interested in the executive control of the Montreal and Toronto street railways from 1892. The extent and importance of his busi- ness interests and investments made him therefore a most prominent factor in the upbuilding and development of the country and his name is insepara- bly interwoven with the history of Canada.
Mr. Ross was a son of the late Captain John Ross, merchant and ship owner, and Mary B. (McKedie) Ross, formerly of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Eng- land. His birth occurred in the year 1848 at Cromarty, Scotland, and after attending Inverness Academy in his native land he continued his studies in England. His initial step in the business world brought him into connection with railway, harbor and water works in Great Britain. Following his arrival in America he was aj^pointcd, in 1870, to the position of resident engineer of the Ulster & Delaware Railway, of which road he afterward became chief engineer. In 1872 he acted as resident engineer of tlic \\'isconsin Central Railway and subsequently held a similar position with the Lake Ontario Shore road. It was not long' before his efliciency as an engineer w-on him wide recognition and he was oiTered the position of chief engineer of the Victoria Railway, of which he subsef|uently became general manager. He was one of the most successful railwav builders and owners in the Dominion,
JAMKS ROSS
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 25
the construction of the Canadian Pacific over the Rockies being clue lu his power of organization and engineering abiHty. and when Sir Donald Smith, later Lord Strathcona, drove the last spike of the road, no one of that historic group held a higher place in public regard in Canada than Mr. Ross.
His active operations in the field of railway construction included the building of the Credit Valley Railway in 1878-79 and upon its completion he was appointed general manager of the road and ahso filled the position of consulting engineer of the Ontario and Quebec Railway. In the spring of 1883 as general manager of construction, Mr. Ross began at Swift Current the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway over the Rockies, the Selkirks and the Gold Range, and early in November, 1885, this stretch of six hundred and twenty-three miles ending at Craig Ellachie, was completed more than a year ahead of time, creating a record for fast railway building on this conti- nent and evoking from Sir William Van Home the statement that such a record meant millions to the Canadian Pacific Railway. It was during the building of the road over the mountains that Mr. Ross might be said to have discovered and subsequently c^me into close touch with William Mackenzie, Donald Mann (both since knighted), Herbert S. Holt and several others who later on took a front place among the railway magnates and financial leaders of Canada. In t886 Mr. Ross brought about the settlement of location of the Canadian Pacific east of Montreal and the legislative difficulties attending the entry of the road into the state of Maine. Upon completing his arduous and complex task he took the contract for the construction of the remaining portion of their line not already provided for. The extensions and improve- ments of the Canadian Pacific created difificult tasks of civil engineering which were ably performed by Mr. Ross who at the same time considered the ques- tion of railway construction in South America for which he had options. The railways of the southern continent were to be built in Argentine and Chile and the options in those two republics alone amounted to over twenty million dollars. Mr. Ross was also interested in important contracts in Chi- cago and elsewhere.
He established his home permanently in Montreal in 1888 and from this point supported his active professional interests, contracting and building the Regina and Long Lake Railways some two hundred and fifty miles in length. In 1889 he supervised the construction of the Calgary & Edmonton Railway, three hundred miles in length.
Having proven his capability in the field of steam railway construction Mr. Ross, in 1892, largely concentrated his energies upon problems of street railway building and in connection with Sir William Mackenzie purchased the Toronto Railway from the city of Toronto. He afterward rebuilt the tracks and installed electric power in the operation of the road. In 1892 he undertook the reorganization of the Montreal Street Railway, changing i; from horse car to electric service. He was at the head of the syndicate that purchased the franchise from the old City Passenger Railway Company. In the same way he converted the street railways of Winnipeg and St. John, New Brunswick, into electric lines and in 1896 he joined Sir William Mac- kenzie in the purchase of the tramway systems of Birmingham, England, and organized the City of Birmingham Tramways Company for the operation
26 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
of the road under an electric system. In the following year he secured a charter and franchise from the government of Jamaica to build electric tram- ways on the island.
The energy and enterprise of Mr. Ross seemed limitless. No matter how many and how important were the enterprises with which he wa* actively connected it seemed possible for him to take on others and become a factor in their successful control. He was one of the promoters of the Lake of the Woods Milling Company in 1887, chief promoter of the Columbia River Lumber Company in 1889 and of the Canadian Land and Investment Com- pany in 1891. His opinions carried weight in the councils of various com- panies with which he was connected as a member of the board of directors, including the Bank of Montreal ; Calgary and Edmonton Land Company, Limited ; Canada Life Insurance Company ; Canada Sugar Refining Company, Limited ; Canadian General Electric Company, Limited ; Laurentide Paper Company, Limited; Royal Trust Company; and Dominion Bridge Company and St. John Railway Company, of which two last named he was president.
Writing of his business career a local paper said : "One of the most inter- esting periods of Mr. Ross's life was that of his prominent connection with the Dominion Coal and the Dominion Iron and Steel Companies, lasting for a period of upwards of ten years. At a comparatively early stage of the development of the coal and iron industries on the island of Cape Breton, Mr. Ross with his customary business astuteness, foresaw the possibilities of great development, and decided to invest a considerable amount of his capital there. He became the owner of a large block of shares in the coal company, and after the promotion of the Dominion Iron and Steel Company in 1901 he became a director. As it was obvious that the interests of the two concerns would, if steel turned out a success, be very much bound up, Mr. Ross increased his holdings in coal until, in the same year, the Steel Com- pany was launched, his interest became paramount, and he was placed in the position of being able to dictate the policy of the company. Having retired from active participation in many of the interests which made his earlier career such a busy one, he determined to give his personal attention to the development of his Cape Breton interests and with that object in view he accepted the office of vice president of the Dominion Coal Company and managing director of the Dominion Iron and Steel Company in 1901.
"The succeeding years were destined to be full of business anxieties and lively contendings but his keen business ability and foresight brought him to the end of his active connection with the companies a much richer man than when he went in, despite the loss of the fight in the courts over the dispute about the terms of the contract for the supply of coal to the Steel Company, 1907-08.
"Besides this fight Mr. Ross conducted the afTairs of the Coal Company through disastrous fires which seriously affected the output of the mines, and labor troubles one of which was of a ])rotracted and costly nature. Throughfjut all the various negotiations which were almost continuously carried on between the two companies for years, Mr. Ross found his i)ara- niiiunt interest was in the Coal Company although he was financially and executively interested in both, so that eventually he withdrew from the steel
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 27
board and gave his whole time to the Coal Com]jany, beconiinj( its president, a post he retained until Decenihcr. i<;ow. In March, Kjog. at the annual meet- ing of the Dominion Coal Comiiany, Mr. Ross made an exhaustive statement concerning the relations of the two companies followins; the decision of the Privy Council in the precedini;- month, in which he justilied the course taken by his company. He explained from the coal point of view, how the comjjany had saved the Steel Company from bankruptcy at a critical time following the termination of the lease of the Coal Company to Steel in 1903 and the subsequent dispute which became acute in 1906 and reached the courts the following year. The final settlement of the terms of the judgment between the two companies and the eventual purchase of Mr. Ross' interest in coal for four million, seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars, which tnok place late in 1909 when he retired from the presidency and Coal was amalgamated with Steel, concluded the most interesting and strenuous period of his career.
"Although Mr. Ross had strong likes and dislikes he never hesitated to proclaim openly ability he .saw in the make-up of a business opponent. A conversation during the progress of the Steel and Coal litigation brought out this characteristic to a marked degree. During that memorable conflict Mr. J. H. Plummer and Sir William \^an Home were perhaps more prominently in the firing line on the Steel side than any one else, while Mr. Ross for the Coal Company was the inner and outer defenses and commander-in-chief combined. He was asked one day while discussing the possibilities of Cana- dian Pacific Railway stock what would take place supposing anything happened to Sir Thomas Shaughnessy, whereupon Mr. Ross said : 'This statement will surprise you, but Van Home would have to go back,' thus pay- ing a high compliment to his chief adversary in the Steel-Coal conflict. The manner in which Mr. Ross came to the rescue of a very important brokerage firm, the head of which is now dead, the day following President Cleveland's message on the Venezuelan situation was another indication, not only of his good heart, but general interest in the financial community. The market was in a bad way generally when the message to congress accentuated to such an extent the unrest and lack of confidence, that gilt-edged securities were without buyers, even at ruinous prices. The financier in question was desperately in need of funds and although his securities were of the best, the then general manager of the Bank of Montreal, who has also passed away, did not consider himself justified in making the advance. When James Ross heard of the aiifair he came forward and said : 'We cannot afTord to allow this man to go to the wall, for if he goes half of St. Frangois Xavier street will tumble with him. Give him a million, take his securities and charge the amount to my account.' Another public-spirited director assumed half the responsibility and a very grave financial smash was averted.
"Mr. Ross was first president of the Mexican Light, Heat and Power Company and during his several visits to the Mexican capital was brought in contact with the then ruling spirits of the republic. He at once formed a very high opinion of the then president with whom Mr. Ross had several interesting interviews, touching the trade relations of Canada and Mexico, and with that never erring foresight he akso stated to a friend on his return from the Mexican capital that if ever Diaz was forced to relinquish the helm
28 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
of state, trouble would follow in the southern republic as it did not appear to the Montreal financier that there were enough of trained men around the then president to carry on successfully the affairs of that country, and the words of the former appear to have been prophetic.
"Although having a commanding interest in many other establishments and industries Mr. Ross used to say that the Bank of Montreal, the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Dominion Coal Company were nearest his heart. He was a director in the first named institution since 1899, the largest individ- ual shareholder in the great national railway system and up to a few years ago the president and the holder of five million dollars stock in the last named corporation. Mr. James Ross succeeded the late Mr. Hugh McLennan and had been in consequence director of the Bank of Montreal for fourteen years. Speaking of the loss that institution sustained in the death of Mr. Ross, its vice president and general manager, Mr. H. V. Meredith, said: 'We have lost an eminently strong man and a sound adviser,' while Mr. R. B. Angus, the president, spoke of him as a very able director of the bank and a warm per- sonal friend."
About the time that Mr. Ross arrived in Canada the country was deeply engrossed in the discussion of free trade versus protection, and having seen the neighboring republic grow from an agricultural to a manufacturing com- munity, and realizing what the same fiscal policy would do for Canada, he at once espoused the cause then championed by Sir John Macdonald and Sir Charles Tupper, both as regards the fiscal policy of the Dominion and their railway program as well. Mr. Ross was a moderate protectionist, believing that such a policy was mutually beneficial both to the manufacturer and con- sumer. He had seen such states as Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota and other agricultural sections of the Union vote for protection and often when appre- hension was expressed over the probable outcome of a moderately protective tarifif for the western provinces of Canada, Mr. Ross would reply that the establishment of eastern industries all over the west would soon convert the farmers of Alberta. Manitoba and Saskatchewan to protectionist ideas.
In 1872 Mr. Ross was united in marriage to Miss Annie Kerr, a daughter of the late John Kerr of Kingston, New York, and sheriff of Ulster county. They had one son, John Kenneth Levison Ross, who married Ethel A. Mat- thews, a daughter of W. D. Matthews of Toronto, and they have two chil- dren, James Kenneth and Hylda Annie. Mrs. James Ross is deeply interested in organizations for promoting aesthetic tastes and is active in support of benevolent and charitable projects. She is a director of the Society of Deco- rative Art, vice president of the English section of the woman's branch of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society and is president of the Maternity Hospital of Montreal.
Flags at half mast on the Bank of Montreal and the Royal Trust Com- pany, on September 20, 1913, gave official announcement to the financial and business community that Mr. James Ross, director of the institutions, had passed away. It is fitting in a review of his life that one take cognizance of his many good deeds. Aside from his prominent activity in railway and financial circles, he was a man of marked i>uhlic spirit and benevolence. In 1902 he gave to Lindsay, f^ntario, and the county of Victoria, the Ross
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 29
Memorial Hospital as a memorial to his parents. Two years later Alexandra Hospital of Montreal received from him a gift of twenty-five thousand dollars and in 1910 he gave an equal amount to the Montreal Art Association of which he had long been a member and of which he was at that time the presi- dent. His total benefactions to the Art Association amounted to over a quar- ter of a million. In his will he made the following public bequests : to the Royal Victoria Hospital, the General Hospital and the Maternity Hospital each fifty thousand dollars; to Alexandra Hospital twenty-five thousand dol- lars ; to the Montreal Art Association and to McGill University each one hundred thousand dollars and to the Ross Memorial Hospital at Lindsay, Ontario, twenty-five thousand dollars. He also remembered many of his old friends and took special care that his servants and employes should be pro- vided for.
Mr. Ross was identified with many public interests and ranked with loyal Canadians whose efforts have been effective forces in promoting genera! progress.
He was a governor of McGill University, of the Royal Victoria Hospital, of the Alexandra Hospital and of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane at Montreal. He was likewise a trustee of Bishop's College at Lennoxville, P. Q., and in 1900 he was appointed honorary lieutenant colonel of the Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars. He took an active interest in yachting and was the owner of the Glencairn, which won the Seawanhaka-Corinthian cup for half raters in American waters in 1896. He subsequently bought the late Joseph Pulitzer's large steam yacht, Liberty, of one thousand six hundred fifty tons, which he renamed the Glencairn, and in which he spent much of his vacation time in the Mediterranean. It might be interesting to note here that both the small half rater and the large steam yacht were named in memory of the large full-rigged ship Glencairn, which was owned and com- manded by his late father. Captain John Ross, of Cromarty. Mr. James Ross was for many years commodore of the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club, and was honorary commodore for life, and was a member of the Roj-al Yacht Squadron.
Mr. Ross was well known in club circles, holding membership in the Mount Royal, St. James, Forest and Stream, Canada, Montreal Hunt, Mon- treal Jockey, Montreal Racquet and Montreal Curling Clubs of Montreal ;. Rideau Club of Ottawa ; Manitoba Club of Winnipeg ; Toronto Royal Cana- dian Yacht and York Clubs of Toronto; Union Club of St. John, New Bruns- wick ; Halifax Club of Halifax, Nova Scotia ; New York Yacht and Manhattan- Clubs of New York; Royal C. B. Yacht Club of Sydney, Nova Scotia; and the Constitutional Club of London, England.
Following the demise of Mr. Ross the Gazette of September 22, 1913. said editorially : "The history of James Ross is to some extent the history of the financial and creative progress of Canada. He has been associated with many of our greatest enterprises and always in positions of prominence and leadership. In anv list of citizens whose financial power must be reckoned with in predicting the course of supreme events in this country, the name of James Ross would have stood near the top. Many of his fellow citizens will think of him, however, as a generous and discriminating collector and
30 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
exhibitor of art. At a time when Montreal had not many men who both appreciated and possessed the financial ability to purchase splendid speci- mens of the best art which the old world has produced, James Ross entered that field, and soon made his private collection one of the things of which Montrealers were proud. The pubHc generally have had a chance to admire some of his treasures at Loan Exhibitions : and, in this fashion, the pleasure and benefit of his collection have been widely shared."
Tributes of respect and regard were paid to Mr. Ross by people in every station in life. The high and the low, the rich and the poor did him honor. The following letter was received by his son, Mr. James K. L. Ross:
"The engineers on the S. and L. were much surprised and deeply grieved when we heard that your father had passed away. Our deepest sympathy goes out to you in your sad bereavement. \\'e all feel that we have lost a good and true friend. No other man we have worked for gave our men the feeling of security in their position that he did. We always were satisfied that if we did what was right no other influence could hurt us or our families. When some of us were unfortunate enough to err in judgment and our error cost the company quite a lot, in the usual course of railways the officials had nothing to do but severely discipline us. Your father used his own position not to discipline our men but to give them a good man's advice, which has helped our men and also the company which he then pre- sided over. Acts like these are never forgotten by railway men and there were many sincere expressions of sorrow heard when the news of his death flashed over our road. They have also instructed us to convey to your sor- rowing mother our deepest sympathy in her trying hour.
"On behalf of the S. and L. engineers, we are sincerely yours (Signed) D. W. Macdonald, chairman; Parker Holmes, secretary and treasurer; Hugh MacPherson, chief engineer.
"Glace Bay, Cape Breton, Canada, September 20, 191 3."
Another well merited tribute being from Principal Peterson of McGill University, who said :
"The otlier day we were greatly gratified to learn that a member of the board of governors, the late James Ross, had remembered McGill University in his will to the extent of one hundred thousand dollars. Mr. Ross was one of our friends. His connection with the administration'of the university had given him many opportunities of appreciating the difficulty of carrying on an institution whose needs in the very nature of things, are always outrunning its resources; and his kindly thought of us has touched a chord in our hearts that vibrates with gratitude and appreciation.
"It is a melancholy pleasure to record also our indebtedness to Mr. Ross for much help and advice given as a mcml)er of the governing body of the university, especially in the department of mechanical engineering. Besides being a great and experienced engineer, he was a patron also of the arts and sciences. He took an active interest also in the well-being of our hos- pitals, and as they are in a sense university institutions, his bequests to the Royal Victoria and Maternity Hospitals may l)c ciicd here as additional reasons for gratitude. Me was a man of high artistic culture, one who "loved, that beauty should go l)cautifully." Mere sjjlcndor without taste would
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 31
always have been repellent to him. Perhaps his best memorial, apart from the magnificent collection of pictures which he got together with such care and discrimination, and which was the joy and pride of his wide circle of friends, will be the beautiful building on Sherbrooke street to which he has contributed so largely as the permanent home of the Art Association. Such men lend valuable aid in the way of enabling a community to realize some aspects of its higher self."
WALTER R. L. SHANKS.
Among the younger members of the well known and distinguished law firm of Brown, ^lontgomery & McMichael, advocates and barristers, is Walter R. L. Shanks. He was born March 20, 1886, at Millers Falls, Massachusetts. In 1908 he received from McGill University the Bachelor of Arts degree and in 191 1 that of Bachelor of Civil Law. In July of that year he was admitted to the bar and has since been a member of the above firm. Mr. Shanks is a young lawyer of promise, and it may be said that his ability — or such ability as his opportunities have permitted him to demonstrate — entitles him to be included among those yoimg men to whom the future holds out rich fields along professional lines. Mr. Shanks is socially popular and is a member of the L'niversity Club of Mon- treal and the Phi Delta Theta fraternitv.
GEORGE ALEXANDER BROWN, M. D.
George Alexander Brown, M. D., one of the best known physicians of Mon- treal, his powers developing through the exercise of effort, was born in Char- lottetown. Prince Edward Island, on the 28th of June, 1866. The Browns are one of the old families on that island and representatives of the name in different generations have been prominently identified with professional interests. The paternal grandfather of Dr. Brown was president of the Prince of Wales College, while the maternal grandfather was the leader of the government in Charlotte- town for twenty-one years
Reared in the place of his nativity. Dr. Brown pursued his early education in St. Peters Boys' School and subsequently continued his studies in Kings Col- lege University at Windsor, Nova Scotia. The classical course which he there pursued constituted the foundation upon which he built the superstructure of professional learning. Entering McGill University, he won the degrees of M. D and C. M. from that institution where he graduated with the class of 1889. Dur- ing the succeeding year and a half he was resident physician of the Montreal General Hospital, thus putting his theoretical knowledge to the practical test and gaining that broad and valuable experience which only hospital practice can give. For more than twenty years Dr. Brown has successfully followed his profession in Montreal and in addition to an extensive private practice is acting as physician to the Montreal Dispensary and is in charge of the tubercular clinic. He has
32 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
been a close and constant student of his profession, interested in all that tends to bring to man the key to the complex mystery which we call life and his own investigations and research have resulted in bringing to light some valuable truths.
In February, 1906, he submitted to the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society, a new treatment for consumption which he has used in his practice with great success. This consists of the injection into the human system of a solution prin- cipally of iodine and in April, 1912, he read before the International Tubercular Congress at Rome, Italy, a paper upon this treatment. He is a member of the Montreal Medical Society and keeps in close touch \Vith the advanced work that is being done by fellow members of the profession through the perusal of med- ical journals and the latest contributions to medical literature as well as through his connection with medical societies.
Dr. Brown was united in marriage to Mrs. Elizabeth (Conroy) Muldoon of Watertown, who by her former marriage had two children, William and Ella. Dr. and Mrs. Brown have become the parents of two children, Elsie and Basil. They have a wide acquaintance socially and are connected with the Unitarian Society, while Dr. Brown is also a member of the University Club. Year by year has marked his steady progress in his profession, and today his position of promi- nence is accorded him by the consensus of opinion on the part of colleagues and contemporaries.
SIR EDWARD SEABORNE CLOUSTON.
High on the keystone of Canada's financial arch was inscribed the name of Sir Edward Clouston, of whom a leading journalist wrote: "He was one of the mainsprings of Canada's progress." Not only did he achieve notable results in his own career but was also the adviser and counsellor of many who have stood highest in the public life and activities of the Dominion, and thus a notable figure passed from the stage of earthly activities when he was called to his final rest on the 23d of November, 1912. He was then still in the prime of life, his birth having occurred at Moose Factory on James Bay, Alay 9, 1849, his parents being James Stewart and Margaret Clouston. The father, a native of Stromness, Ork- ney, Scotland, was a chief factor in the Hudson's Bay service. The mother was the eldest daughter of Robert S. Miles, also prominently connected with the Hudson's Bay Company. Sent to Montreal to continue his education, the son became a pupil in the high school, of which Aspinwall I low was then head master. Subsequently he spent a year in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company and then returned to Montreal when a youth of sixteen to become junior clerk in the Bank of Montreal, entering that institution in 1865. This was the initial step in his successful career as one of Canada's foremost financiers. In his twentieth year he was appointed accountant at Brockville and two years later was' transferred to Hamilton in the same capacity. In 1874 he became assistant accountant at Montreal, was attached to the London, England, ofiice and also to the New York office in 1875. Five years later he was made manager of the Montreal branch and in 1887 was promoted to the position of assistant general manager. In 1889 he became acting general manager and from 1890 was general manager, being
SIR EDW'AKl) S. CLorSTUX
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 35
"called to that position of grave and great responsibility when but forty-one years of age. Throughout the years of his connection with the bank he had ever in mind, not only the interest of the shareholders, but also the welfare of his subordinates, many of whom received from him unusual consideration and kindness. Sir Edward Clouston's tenure of office in the Bank of Montreal was longer than that of any of his predecessors, the presidency during these years having been filled by Sir Donald Smith, afterward Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal ; Sir George Drummond and Mr. R. B. Angus, hi retiring from the general managership Sir Edward Clouston retained the vice presidency, which he had held since Sir George Drummond became president in 1906. Li his official capacity as vice president he regularly attended the board meetings and never ceased to be in close touch with the important affairs and interests of the bank. The prominent place which he held in the regard of the leading financiers of the country is shown by the fact that he was again and again elected to the presidency of the Canadian Bankers Association. He was thus in constant touch with the financial world and his advice upon matters connected with it was frequently sought by the different finance ministers of the Dominion, for no man in Canada had a surer grasp of difficult financial problems, and his genius in this respect was an enormous asset to the great institution with which he was so long connected. His discernment was keen and his insight enabled him readily to recognize the possibilities and probable outcome of any business situation. The Montreal Herald spoke of him as " a man of few words, of unerring accuracy in his judgments and of a caution in business transactions which, while it protects the bank from loss, does not hinder its development." The Montreal Witness said : "Sir Edward Clouston possesses in extraordinary degree that sixth sense' of the banker — intuition as to character, rapid analysis of method, what is in a proposition from the first chapter to the last — in short knowing who and what to trust." It was these qualities which made his cooperation sought in various directions and brought him prominently before the public in various important commercial and financial connections. He was vice president of the Royal Trust Company; a director of the Guarantee Company of North America, the Canadian Cottons, Limited, the Canada Sugar Refining Company, the Ogilvie Flour Mills Company, the Kaministikwia Power Company. He was chairman of the Canadian board of the Liverpool & London & Globe Insurance Company and the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. His cooperation and support extended to various other projects of a public or semi-public character, and at all times he manifested a deep interest in those projects relating to general progress and im- provement or the betterment of social, intellectual, political and moral conditions. He was vice president of the Parks and Play Grounds Association and The Crema- torium, Limited, was president of the Royal Victoria Hospital and a governor of the Montreal General, Montreal Maternity, Alexandra and Western Hospitals, the Protestant Hospital for the Insane, the Eraser Institute, the Montreal Dispensary, the Victorian Order of Nurses, and McGill University. In 1910 he was one of the principal promoters of the Typhoid Emergency Hospital and was a member of the executive committee of the local branch of St. John's Ambulance Association. He was honorary treasurer of the King Edw^ard VII Memorial Fund and of many other commemorative and charitable funds. He w-as a patron of art, and possessed many fine pictures himself, while the Montreal Art Association numbered him
36 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
as one of its counselors as well as one of its generous benefactors. Sir Edward Clouston was also well known as a sportsman, taking an active interest in early life in football and lacrosse, and he was also a well known racquet player. He was captain of the Canadian team which played the Harvard Universit) Foot- ball Club in 1875. He was president of the Montreal Racquet Club in 1888 and was appointed a trustee of the ^linto challenge lacrosse cup in 1901. Sir Edward was ever willing to encourage the amateurs in sports, and in addition to those already mentioned he was a devotee of snowshoeing and fancy skating. In later years he became an enthusiastic yachtsman, motorist and golfer. He was also a clever swimmer himself and did a great deal to advance the sport in many ways. He was the donor of a trophy for competition among the members of the Royal Life Saving Station, which is being competed for annually, and many other such trophies were presented through his generosity. When the Rugby Club was organized as a branch of the Montreal Athletic Association he became an active executive officer. He was one of the trustees of the Stanley cup in the early days of its competition and acted as an official at many of the championships held under the auspices of the Amateur Skating Association of Canada.
In November, 1878, Sir Edward Clouston married Annie, youngest daughter of George Easton, collector of Her ^Majesty's customs at Brockville, Ontario. Lady Clouston, who survives him, keeps up the beautiful and historic estate at St. Annes, known as Bois Briant, which was the pride and delight of Sir Edward's later years, and she also maintains the home at No. 362 Peel street in Montreal, known so long as the city residence of the general manager of the Bank of Montreal. This was Sir Edward's favorite title. President and vice president appealed to him but little : it was as an administrator that he won and held his fame. He was mentioned as successor to Lord Strathcona as high commissioner for Canada in Great Britain in 1909. The previous year he had been created a Ijaronet and in 191 1 he was appointed a Knight of Grace of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England. He was one of the best known club men of Canada, belonging to Mount Royal Club: St. James Clulj; Auto and .Aero Club; Forest and Stream Club; M. A. A. A.; Montreal Hunt Club; Alontreal Jockey Clula ; Royal 'Montreal Golf Club; Royal St. Law- rence Yacht Club ; St. George Snowshoe Club ; Toronto Club and York Club, Toronto ; Rideau Club, Ottawa : Manhattan Club, New York ; and Piath Club and River Thames Yacht Club, London, England.
In a review of his life history many points stand out prominently. Within a quarter of a century he rose from an humble position in the bank to that of general manager and remained vice j^resident until his demise. He was the recognized leader of finance, whose counsel was sought and xalued in connection with the greatest undertakings. His business genius and jiublic spirit went hand in hand and each constituted factors in the progress and upbuilding of Canada and in the development and promotion of the coimtry's interests. His influence was far-reaching and effective as a force in national prosperity and greatness.
One who knew Sir Edward best summed up his character in the following article, which appeared in the journal nf tlie Canadian Bankers Association after his death: "In life Sir Edward CUniston was a man of few words and I have ffit tliat silence is my most fitting tribute to his memory. He was not an osten-
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 37
tatious man ; he employed neither press agents nor stage managers. Many of his generous actions are known only to the writer of these lines; many others are known only to his Maker."
PHILIBERT BAUDOUIN.
Philibert Baudouin, who has been a representative of the notarial profession since 1858, although for some years his attention was given to finance, was born at Repentigny, Quebec, April 27, 1836. He is a descendant in the direct line of Jean Baudouin, who was here bartering with the Indians as early as 1656, fourteen years after Montreal was founded by de ^laisonneuve. In a fight with the Iro- quois in 1660, when he killed one of their chieftains, Jean Baudouin was taken and led as a prisoner to the enemy's country, whence he returned eighteen months afterward, having in the meantime learned the Iroquois language. A short time subsequent to his return he married and soon settled in the parish of Pointe- aux-Trembles, where he died peacefully. He had lost his eldest son in an ambush laid by the same astute foes in 1690. One of his sons, Frangois, took a farm from the Seignior on L'Assomption river in 1699, near the present site of Charlemagne, and a few years afterward, in 1716, purchased the homestead on the north bank of the river St. Lawrence, in the parish and Seigniory of Repen- tigny, where he went to live and there sjjent his remaining days. This homestead remained in the family for almost two centuries, passing from father to son for four generations. Francois Baudouin left it to his son Pierre, who married three times and left it to his son Raymond. Raymond was drowned and his widow made a gift of it to their son Pierre. From this last Pierre Baudouin it went to Zoel Baudouin, one of his sons, whose daughter and only heir, Mrs. Edmond Robillard, of St. Paul I'Hermite, sold it to its present owner, Mr. Dechamp.
Philibert Baudouin is a son of Pierre and Marguerite (Etu) Baudouin, the latter, like her husband, belonging to one of the old families established in this province in the seventeenth century. The mother's name was then written Estur, which has since been wrongly changed to Iletu. The family name Baudouin should be so spelled instead of Beaudoin, as so often met with at the present time. It is derived from two Saxon words, bald and win, and was latinized by the early chroniclers, becoming Balduinus, which was later translated into French as Baudouin but remained Baldwin in English. The first one who settled in Mon- treal very properly signed his name Jean Baudouin, as may be seen on the old records in the clerk's office, and in France it is still written in the same way. Besides being a progressive farmer Pierre Baudouin was a church warden and a captain in the militia.
Philibert Baudouin was educated at L'Assomption College, in the town of L'Assomption, where he pursued a full classical course, completed in 1854. He then prepared for the notarial profession, to which he was admitted in 1858. In i860 he settled for practice in the town of Iberville and after nearly fifteen years devoted to the profession he turned his attention to finance, devoting his energies and activities thereto until 1893, when he removed to Montreal and resumed the practice of the notarial profession. He has now passed the seventv-
38 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
eighth milestone on life's journey, but is still an active man. From 1862 until 1873 he was county clerk, clerk of the circuit court for the county of Iberville and town clerk of Iberville, his decade of public service being characterized by the utmost fidelity to duty. His financial activities covered nearly twenty years as bank manager in St. Johns, Quebec.
On the 22d of August, 1864, in St. Jolms, Mr. Baudouin was married to Miss Caroline A. Marchand, a daughter of Louis Marchand, deputy protonotary at St. Johns, and of Delphine Phineas. Mrs. Baudouin belongs to the old Marchand family which settled in St. Johns in the early part of the nineteenth century. There were three brothers, Frangois, Gabriel and Louis, the second being the father of the Hon. F. G. Marchand, late premier of the province of Quebec. Her mother was a daughter of Isaac Phineas. for a long time agent at Maskinonge, of Seignior Pothier's estate, and who was an intimate friend of the Hart family of Three Rivers. Seven sons and two daughters have been born of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Baudouin, Philibert, Annette, Gustave, Rodolphe, Joseph, Jean, Charles, Louise and Oscar. The elder daughter became the wife of Dr. J. C. Tasse, of Worcester, Massachusetts. Gustave married Augustine Hardy, of Quebec. Joseph wedded Julie Caty, of Montreal. Jean married Alice Hamilton, of Montreal. Oscar married Hilda Julien, of Montreal. Louise is the wife of Alfred Masson, of Valleyfield, a grandson of Dr. L. H. Masson, who took a leading part in the troublous times of 1837-38.
Mr. Baudouin is a supporter of the old conservative party, but has never taken a leading part in the political contests, especially so in his advanced years, when he recognizes the fact that political leaders too often are using their power for their own preferment instead of the public good.
JOSEPH ADELARD DESCARRIES, K. C.
In every community there are men of broad charity and intelligent public spirit, of high integrity and sincerity of purpose and of resourceful business ability who are marked as leaders in development. Worthy of being classed with men of this character is Joseph Adelard Descarries, one of the eminent members of the Montreal bar and a man whose name figures in connection with the legis- lative history of the province as well as in the court records. Mr. Descarries is a representative of one of the oldest families of the province and one whose members have been identified with its growth and development since the earlier periods of settlement. He was bom at St. Timothee, in the county of Beau- harnois, Quebec, November 7, 1853, the youngest son of the late Pierre and l''lizal)eth (Gougeau) Descarries.
Having mastered the branches of learning taught in the public schools of his native village, Joseph A. Descarries afterward attended Montreal College, McGill University and Laval University, graduating from the latter in 1879, with the degree of LL. L. He studied law under Hon. Sir Alcxandel" Lacoste and was called to the bar in 1879, at which time he began practice as an advocate. He was created a king's counsellor by the Earl of Derby in 1893 and for more than a third of a century he has been continuously and successfully engaged in law
.TOSKPH A. DESCARRIES
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 41
practice in Montreal, where he has been accorded an extensive and distinctively representative clientage.
I lis pnblic work, too, has been of an important character and has indicated his loyalty to the highest standards of government. For nine consecutive years he was mayor of Lachine, giving to the city a businesslike and progressive adminis- tration. In 1892 he was elected for Jacques Cartier county to the legislative assembly, but resigned in i8(X), in which year he unsuccessfully contested a seat in the house of commons. Since that time he has taken no active part in politics aside from exercising his right of franchise and standing stanclily in support of principles and measures in which he believes. He is now president of the Lachine Conservative Club and is also president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Lachine.
Mr. Descarries is the largest |)rivate owner of real estate in Lachine, his holdings including some of the finest residential properties surrounding Montreal. Some years ago he purchased a tract of land eleven acres in width from the Allan family, comprising a most attractive piece of property, which he develoi)ed and thus added greatly to the upbuilding of the district. He is the owner of one hundred and fifty-two houses, erecting all of them save one, and in their building substantiality has always been a feature. Unlike the usual structure built merely to sell, Mr. Descarries has aimed at the creation of an estate the ultimate value of which cannot help but become immense. As an illustration of the change in realty values, caused by improvements and transformation of sur- roundings, it may be cited that Mr. Descarries some years ago purchased a tract of land of four hundred acres, on which the taxes were at that time approximately eighty dollars, while today for less than one-third of this land which he owns the taxes are more than three thousand dollars. It would be difficult to estimate the value to a community of operations of this character. Mr. Descarries has taken an active part in the upbuilding of industrial interests, and his influence has been an important factor in securing for Lachine a number of valuable industries, all of which have materially contributed to growth and development for the city, enabling it to take a prominent rank among Montreal's suburban cities. Among his other business connections Mr. Descarries is presi- dent of the Wealthy Mines Company, Limited, and a director of Les Champs d'Or Rigaud Vaudreuil.
In 1881 Mr. Descarries was married, at Chateauguay, Quebec, to Miss Marie Celina Elmire, a daughter of A. N. Le Pailleur, a notary puljlic of Lachine. The marriage ceremony was performed by Monseigneur Charles Edward Fabre, archbishop of Montreal. Mrs. Descarries is a graduate of Mount St. Marie Convent and is a lady of superior intelligence and high qualities of mind. Their children are as follows. Joseph A. P., who was graduated from 'IMcGill Uni- versity, specializing in chemistry, founded the Lachine Gas Company, of which he is now the head. He married Miss Oliva Forgues, of Outremont, a grad- uate of St. Anne's Convent at Lachine. They have two children. Olivette and Marcelle. Theophile N., who was graduated from Laval University, is an advo- cate, associated with his father under the firm name of Descarries & Descarries. He married Miss Marie Anne Huot, a daughter of Dr. G. Huot, of Beau- harnois, and they have one child. Anne Marie. Aimee, a graduate of St. Anne's Convent of Lachine, is a young lady of unusual artistic taste and skill. Her
42 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
work as a painter on china shows exceptional merit and inckides some of the finest specimens of this decorative art exhibited by Canadian artists. Adelard, a graduate of Mount St. Louis College, is now a student at I'Ecole des Hautes Etudes. Alarie Rose will graduate from St. Anne's Convent of Lachine in the class of 1914. Auguste, a student at St. Mary's College, is a young man of unusual talent and promise, whose ability as an organist is well known.
Mr. Descarries' pleasure and recreation have always been greatly augmented when in the company of his family, whose entertainment, like their rearing and education, has never been neglected. Estimating highly the value of educa- tion, he has extended to his children exceptional opportunities for intellectual development and they constitute a family that would be a distinct credit to any parentage. Both Mr. and Mrs. Descarries have always maintained a companion- ship with their children and have been so close to their interests, thoughts, pur- poses and plans that there has been little need for that parental discipline which is often a too pronounced feature in households. Confidence and mutual under- standing have been the basis of the family relation, rendering this a most attrac- tive household. The religious belief of the family is that of the Roman Catholic church, and Mr. Descarries has for several years been president of the St. Vin- cent de Paul Society. He is also a member of the Club Lafontaine, the Lachine Snowshoe Club and the Auto and Aero Club of Montreal.
No history of Mr. Descarries would be complete without mention of the fact that he is a very public-spirited man, liberal and generous in his support of any movement for the public good and ever ready to lend his assistance to such movements as will contribute to the advancement of the city, province and Dominion. He has been a very successful business man, not only as regards the accumulation of property but as well in the high esteem in which he is held. He has all the elements of a man in whom to have confidence, dependable in any relation and in any emergency. His quietude of deportment, his easy dignity, combined with an innate courtesy and politeness, all contribute to a strong per- sonality. The splendid use he has made of his time, talents and opportunities has equipped him for the important and valuable work he has been doing and which has given decided impetus to the city's progress and improvement, iq.ihold- ing as well its legal, political and moral status.
LOUIS GUYON.
Capability and loyalty are the essential attributes of the man who would fill the office of chief inspector of industrial establishments and public buildings and properly perform the arduous and responsible duties thereby devolving upon him. Such a man is found in Louis Guyon, who has closely studied the subject of construction and all that relates to accidents which may occur in building operations. He is a native of the state of New York, having been born at Sandy Hill, Washington county. Boyhood, however, found him located in Montreal where he jnirsued his education, taking special courses in preparation for a com- mercial career. Almost throughout his entire life he has been in the public- service. In April, 1888, he was ap]iointcd factory inspector and ni.iilc a most
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 43
capable official. He studied in every available way in order to know what should be reciuired of factory owners and operators and just how far their responsibility extended in the jjrotection of emi)loyes. He traveled widely in order to promote his knowledge of that character and he was a delegate to the Paris convention on accidents in 18S9 and again in upo. His qualifications were so thoroughly recognized that he was made chief inspector of industrial establishments and pub- lic buildings in January, igoi, and has since occupied this position, covering a ])criod of thirteen years, his entire course being one which commends iiim to the continued confidence and support of the public. As inspector he has studied not only to find wdiere fault may lie in the erection of buildings or in the care of employes, but has also studied the best methods of safeguarding the workers and in 1903 he founded the museum of appliances for the prevention- of acci- dents. His reputation for efficiency in his special field continued to grow and in 1910 he was made president of the International Convention of Inspectors of Factories. No one is more deeply interested in this important work or realizes more fully the obligations which devolve upon the employer in his connection with his employes, and his work has constituted a campaign of education whereby the public has come to know what are the needs and demands of the hour and how best to meet them.
GEORGE HADRILL.
George Hadrill, secretary of the Montreal Board of Trade, is one whose opinions concerning business conditions are largely accepted as standard, because of his broad experience and his thorough study of matters effecting trade rela- tions of the country. For more than a quarter of a century he has occupied his present position and has been called into conference in many trade councils. He was born in London, England, August 2, 1848, a son of George and Elizabeth (Bushell) Hadrill. His education was acquired in the metropolis, and he spent the earlier years of his business life in that city, arriving in Canada in 1874, w'hen a young man of twenty-six years. Three years were devoted to business pur- suits before he joined the staff of the Montreal Board of Trade in 1877. His fitness for the position is evidenced in the fact that by 1880 he had been pro- moted to the position of assistant secretary. Six years passed and in 1886 he was made secretary, so that he has now acted in that capacity for twenty-eight years. The occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of his acceptance of the position was- fittingly celebrated, and a cabinet of silverware was presented him by the Montreal Board of Trade.
His position as secretary brings him into close contact with business affairs and trade organizations throughout the world. He has been a delegate to sev- eral imperial trade congresses, the last being held in Sydney, Australia. By invi- tation he was a delegate to Xewfoundhuul to assist in the formation of a board of trade there in 1909. He was presented in 1903 with a testimonial from British delegates to the imperial trade congress at Montreal in acknowledgement of cour- tesies and services rendered by him. In 1905 he was elected an honorary member of the International Board of Foreign Trade and was made honorarv secretary
44 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
of the King Edward memorial committee of Montreal in 191 1. His position has brought him into close connection with many important civic and municipal projects with which the Board of Trade has been intimately associated.
In 1891 Mr. Hadrill married Emmeline Lilian, the daughter of J. Albert Cop- land of Chelmsford, England. Mrs. Hadrill died in December, 1902. Mr. Had- rill has been a director of St. George's Society of Alontreal and is an Anglican in religious faith. The Montreal Herald has written of him that he is "a man of great natural abilities as a statistician and accountant." "He possesses unusual qualifications for his office, which calls for a display of diplomacy, tact and so- cial qualities as well as for purely business ability," writes another paper, and this opinion is corroborated by all who have come in contact with him. While thoroughly systematic and methodical in managing the duties of his position, he has at the same time that ready resourcefulness which enables him to meet an emergency and secure from it the best possible results.
CHARLES MELVILLE HAYS.
The talcs of heroic conduct in times of war will always arouse the enthusi- asm and call forth the praise of those who hear them, but heroism is by no means confined to the men who wear their nation's uniform and march to the sound of the bugle. It has been manifest where there were none to wit- ness and none to record the story and with nothing but an individual sense of duty for its inspiration. The world thrilled with the story of the heroism of the men, who, in the silence of the night, gave women and children over to the care of the few who manned the lifeboats and quietly awaited death on the decks of the steamship Titanic when it sank on its maiden trip across the Atlantic, April 15, 1912. Included in the great toll of human lives exacted by this catastrophe, was that of Charles Melville Hays, president of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railways and one of the foremost railroad mag- nates of his generation. His was the master mind in the development of the Grand Trunk Pacific and his work for the Grand Trunk Railway has become a part of the history of the Dominion. One of the elements of his success was that he was always essentially and strictly a railroad man, never dis- sipating his energies over too broad a field but concentrating his efforts along that single line of activity.
A native of Rock Island, Illinois, Mr. Hays was born in 1856. and was but a child when his parents removed to St. Louis, Missouri, in which city he was reared and received his educational training. He was but a boy of seventeen when he started out in life on his own account as a clerk in the passenger department of the Atlantic & Pacific Railway. From that time on his advancement was continuous and rapid, solely the result of his thoroughness, efficiency and genuine merit. After a year he was transferred to the auditor's dejtartment and later was called to a position in the office of the general superintendent, where his aptitude, enterprise and initiative were soon recognized. From 1878 until 1884 he was secretary to the general manager of the Missouri Pacific Kailroad and in the latter year was offered
CHARLES il. HAYS
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 47
and accepted the position of secretary to the general manager of the Wabash & St. Louis Pacific Railway Company.
In 1886 he was appointed general manager of the road and the following year became general manager of the Wabash Western, comprising all of the Wabash lines west of the Mississippi and also between Chicago and Detroit. In 1889 he was appointed general manager of the reorganized and consolidated Wabash system and controlled the important and manifold interests of the railway for six years or until he resigned to become general manager of the Grand Trunk, succeeding L. J. Seargeant. Five years later he left the Grand Trunk to take the position of president of the Southern Pacific Railway Company but remained in that connection for only a year, as the railway passed under the control of the Ilarriman interests, whose policy dif- fered from that of Mr. Hays. About that time he received a communication from Sir Charles Rivers Wilson, again offering him the position of general manager of the Grand Trunk and he returned to the latter road late in igoi as second vice president and general manager. His connection therewith was con- tinuous from that time until his demise, and mi the retirement of Sir Charles Rivers ^Vilson in October, 1909, he was appointed president. In the mean- time his connection with railway interests constantly broadened, making him one of the notable figures in railway circles on the American continent. He became president of the Central \'ermont Railway, the Grand Trunk Western Railway, the Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee Railway, the Toledo, Sagi- naw & Muskegon Railway, the Michigan Air Line Railway, the Chicago, Detroit and Canada Grand Trunk Junction Railway, the Detroit & Toledo Shore Line, the Southern New England Railway Company, the Canadian Express Company, the Grand Trunk Railway Insurance & Provident Society and of various corporations featuring largely as factors in commercial and industrial development. He was chosen to the presidency of the St. Clair Tunnel Company, the International Bridge Company, the Montreal Ware- housing Company, the Portland Elevator Company and the New England Elevator Company. He also represented the Grand Trunk W'estern Railway as a director of the Chicago & W^estern Indiana Railway and Belt Railway of Chicago.
In 1905 he was made a member of the permanent commission of the International Railway Congress ' and also a director of the United States Mortgage & Trust Company. He was a delegate to the Imperial Trades Congress in 1903. He became a director of the Royal Trust Company and the Merchants Bank of Canada and a director of the Canadian Board of the London & Lancashire Life Assurance Company. He was also a director of the Montreal Horticultural and Fruit Growing Association — a fact which indicated much of the breadth of his interests. His executive ability was sought as an element in the successful management of various benevolent, charitable and philanthropic enterprises.. He was a governor of the Montreal General Hospital, a governor of the Royal Victoria Hospital and a governor of the McGill University. In 1907 he was decorated with the Order of the Rising Sun (third class) by the emperor of Japan.
He was a man of remarkable personality. Obstacles and difficulties seemed but a stimulus for renewed effort on his part and he was never
48 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
happier than when he could grasp an opportunity and utilize it to the fullest extent or untangle a knotty problem in railway management and control. Mr. Hays was a well known figure in club circles, belonging to the Mount Royal, St. James, Canada, Forest and Stream, Montreal Jockey, Montreal Hunt, St. Maurice Fish and Game Club and the Laurentian Club of Montreal and the Rideau Club of Ottawa. Sir Wilfrid Laurier had termed him "a valuable acquisition to Canada," and the Montreal Witness said he was "a splendid example of what brains, pluck and industry can overcome and accom- plish," while the Montreal Standard styled him "a man of quiet dignity, whose sanity and strength are seen and felt in all his undertakings."
Mr. Hays was survived by his widow, who was Miss Clara J. Gregg, a daughter of William H. Gregg of St. Louis, Missouri, and four daughters, Mrs. George D. Hall, of Boston, Mrs. Thornton Davidson, Mrs. A. Harold Grier and Mrs. Hope C. Scott, of Montreal.
One of the ships that hastened to the relief of the Titanic recovered the body of Mr. Hays, which was brought back to Montreal for interment and laid to rest following one of the most imposing funerals ever accorded a civilian in this city. Mr. Hays worshipped at the American Presbyterian church of Montreal and was one of its trustees, but retained his membership in the First Presbyterian church of St. Louis, Missouri, and in the memorial services held in the former on the 25th of April, 1912, a sermon by the Rev. Dr. McKittrick, pastor of the First Presbyterian church of St. Louis, follow- ing the death of Mr. Hays, was read. He said in part: "The colossal catas- trophe of the seas which has so recently startled and dismayed the civilized world could not pass today entirely unnoted in the temples of the living God. Among those who went down to their unexpected and, it seems to our vision, their untimely death, there was no man who worthily had a higher position in the social, industrial and financial world than Mr. Charles M. Hays, president of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. Since commonly the boy is father of the man we might almost refer to him as 'our Mr. Hays" for he was once in our Sunday School, and afterwards a member of our Board of Trustees. His is an inspiring example to all our boys and to every boy in the land of wdiat may be accomplished by rightful purpose, industry, determination, all these by the worthy motives which variously constitute character. It took all the elements which are found in a manly man to make first so notable a record as was his in this city, and then to create for him- self the distinguished name and for his undertaking the great prosperity which concerning both the history of today reveals."
The following reference to Mr. Hays' life and work was made at the close of ])ublic worship in the American Presbyterian church, Montreal, on Sab- bath, April 28th. Dr. Johnston said: "The subject that we have been con- sidering this morning has unavoidably suggested to you, as it has to me, many thoughts regarding the life, the death and the work of Mr. Charles M. Hays whose loss our land mourns today.
"Much has already been said of Mr. Hays as the railway magnate, the man of enterprise, the devoted hushaiul and father and the loyal friend. Upon these phases of his character 1 will net therefore further dwell, but there remains something to be said of that feature of his life which, though less conspicuous to the general public, nevertheless lay deep and strong
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 49
behind all these other characteristics, and was indeed the inspiration of them. We all in this congregation know the large place which Mr. Hays gave to the work and worship of the church, and the readiness with which his time and influence were always lent to its interests. He loved the House of God. That love, in a measure, was doubtless the result of early training in a home of whose deep religious character he ever loved to speak in terms of afifection and appreciation. It was also due in part to his deep sense of what he owed in his place of great prominence to the community at large, and to a younger generation in particular, in the way of example. Most of all, however, it was due to his appreciation of the place that worship should have in every life, and to his deep sense of the need of every soul for those things that the House of God and its services can give. This attitude instead of lessening, as in so many lives it does, as responsibilities increased, and honours accu- mulated, deepened in Air. Hays with the passing years.
"The continent-wide enterprises with which his name will always be asso- ciated were not simply enterprises and interests to him. They constituted a work, a ministry, which it was given him to administer for man, and through man for God. The tens of thousands for whom he had already thrown open the door of their exodus from European stagnation and oppression were his Israel, whom he, in God's name, was leading out into liberty and larger life. These broad prairies and boundless stretches of Northern Saskatchewan and the Peace River district, those hitherto impassable Rockies, giving gateway to the flowering farmlands that slope toward the silver sands of the Pacific — these were his Canaan, which it was his to conquer, not . with sword and clash of battle, but with genius and enterprise and the power of science, so that into the good 'Land of Promise' he might bring the oppressed peoples of the world, to make a nation strong in liberty and in righteousness.
"Did time permit I could tell you much of how Mr. Hays carried on his great heart, the toiling multitudes of earth and their needs, and of how it was to him a vision glorious that he was permitted in some measure to con- tribute to their uplift and redemption. He, too, like Israel's leader, had looked upon the burdens of the people. To us it seems that, like Moses, he has been permitted only to view his promised land from afar. On the threshhold of completion he has been bidden to lay down his work. A broken column? A work incomplete? Yes. if this w-orld is all. and this life the only life, but if death is indeed for the life that lives in Christ, not extinction but expansion, not frustration but promotion, than surely in some other of the many mansions in our Father's one great house, they still serve who have - ceased from labor here, and work with gladness for the liringing in of that day when throughout all the universe of God there shall be nothing to hurt nor to destroy, but "God shall be all and in all.' "
The press throughout the .Vmerican continent tmited in tribute to Charles Melville Hays and under the caption of Montreal's Loss the Gazette of April 19. 1912, said editorially : "Among the many places which will have home reasons for bearing the loss (April 15. 1912) of the steamship Titanic in sorrowful memory there will be few to rank before Montreal. Of residents who had won or were winning honorable places of usefulness in the city's commercial life, no less than four ended their earthly career in the dark hours
50 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
of Monday when the Atlantic waters closed over the wreck of what had been one of the world's noblest vessels. First of these, of course, ranks Mr. Charles M. Hays, president of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railways and director and adviser in many allied and other enterprises. Mr. Hays came to Montreal as a stranger, when the condition and fortunes of the Grand Trunk Railway were low indeed. The life had apparently gone out of the direction and a great propert}-, with greater potentialities, was in danger of passing into bankruptcy. He and his associates found their task harder also because they were strangers. It was only a little while, however, before the city and the country, as well as the proprietors of the railway, recognized that in the new general manager, which was the title Mr. Hays then had, they had a man who for capacity ranked with the highest in his profession. With a slight interruption Mr. Hays has had chief executive control since 1897 of the Grand Trunk Railway. In that time it has been lifted physically to the standard of a high class, well equipped road, with few superiors in America. Financially it has Iseen so improved as to meet the interest charges on the new capital raised for betterments and has been able to pay dividends on some of the older issues that once seemed to have lost all value as investments. In late years he was a chief moving spirit in the projection and construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, which is now approaching completion. His work in these connections speaks of his executive ability louder than can words written or spoken. It is only to be added that in all relations of life, business or social, he was a plain, courteous and kindly gentleman, to whom all were ready to pay in full measure the respect that he deserved."
The memorial service read in the American Presbyterian church to which previous allusion has been made, was one of the most impressive ever held within the borders of Canada and the tributes to Mr. Hays on that occasion attested how high was the position which he held in the regard of business colleagues, of eminent educators, ministers and others. Principal Peterson of McGill University said in part : "We have done well to come together in this solemn manner, not to meet in a useless parade of grief and sorrow, but to pay a sincere tribute to the worth of one who has gone to his last reward and to express our sympathy to those who suffer the loss of one so dear, and who have scarcely yet survived the shock of their sudden bereave- ment. Our men died like heroes — in that last dread extremity they bore themselves nobly and well.
"And I doubt not that foremost in fortitude was that great-hearted man who today is mourned throughout the world, Charles M. Hays, who was then eagerly returning to take his controlling part in those great enterprises with which his name will always be associated, and no doubt looking forward with joy to returning to his accustomed work and surroundings here. The - vast transportation system over which be so well presided, and to which he gave fresh life, has just paid him well earned tribute in those moments of organized, concerted, silence stretching across this continent — the awed hush of reverent respect and tender sympathy from every section of the railway service and imm every rank and class in the community at large. It was a moving incident. l)Ut only a slight indicatitni (if the esteem in which he was
HISTORY OF- MONTREAL 51
held cverywliere, and of the loss wliicii the railways and the people have sustained.
"Mr. Hays came to Montreal in 1896, shortly after I came here, and since then it has been my privilege to know him well, and to meet him frequently in university and other affairs. Only a short time before Mr. Hays left for Europe I had a walk with him, when he talked to me of his plans for the future, and discussed university and other educational matters, with the grave and serious hope for future advancement which marked his thought. Little then did either of us think it possible that so terrible a disaster should cut short his vigorous and useful career. He was a real leader ol men. a true captain of industry, carrying a huge burden of work and responsibility on his shoulders, and always carrying it as a strong Christian man should. We shall go forth from this solemn service to our customary duties, graver and sadder men. It may be that we shall not have the melancholy duty of following to the grave the remains of this man whose work interlinked a vast continent. He has found his grave in the ocean, and it may be literally said of him that the whole world is his tomb. Certainly his memory will not soon die; for long will the memory live of this impressive memcirial of his sad fate and the sorrow of his stricken family. And when the far-reaching plans for which he stood sponsor are realized we shall often go back in thought to what this city, this dominion and the empire at large owes to the ability, the integrity and dauntless energy of Charles Melville Hays."
One of the glowing and well deserved tributes paid to the memory of Charles Melville Hays was spoken by Rev. T. S. Mc^^'illiams, D. D., of Cleveland, Ohio, who said : "The man whose loss we mourn today, and whose memory we would honor was not merely a national, he was an inter- national figure. The great enterprise of which he was at the head, and, to an unusual degree the guiding and animating spirit, was not merely a national, but an international railway. It seems fitting therefore that one from the United States should have a small part in this memorial service. The humble tribute which I bring is not merely that of a former pastor — as such I was privileged to say a few words on Sunday last. Nor is my tribute that of a personal friend — as such my place would not be here in the pulpit, but in position with the mourners, amongst those who most deeply and genuinely feel a sense of personal loss. Mine is the privilege today of bringing a neigh- boring nation's tribute, if you will ; of assuring you that many of the Ameri- can people share with you the sorrow and sense of loss which you feel so keenly. In the United States the late Charles M. Hays was born, and there. he spent the larger part of his life. Of our country he remained a citizen to the last. Yet there were few men more genuinely devoted to the interests of Canada or more intelligently attached to British institutions than he. Few, if any, in Canada saw with clearer vision the great possibilities of the future of your country and believed more intensely in the great destinies of Canada.
"To speak of Mr. Hays' preeminent ability as a rai\way man is scarcely necessary. \\'e have only to look around to see the monuments to his genius. There are two immense office buildings that ornament your city ; there is that wonderful steel bridge over Niagara's gorge and the great station at Ottawa. There is the rejuvenated and vastly extended Grand Trunk Railway.
52 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
And. perhaps greatest of all, there is the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, des- tined at no distant date to span this continent, making accessible natural resources of incalculable value, and bringing into practical part of the national progress vast regions at present inaccessible to the agriculturist. These are great enterprises which have attracted the admiring attention of the world and stimulated rival systems to greater activity', while bringing millions in money to your land, and, what means much more to you, an unprecedented tide of immigration. It is but just to say that such enter- prises as these have been no small factor in the building up of that great progress and prosperity which characterizes Canada at the present time.
"The credit of such achievements is, of course, to be shared with Mr. Hays' earnest colaborers — and he would have been the first to give them such credit — but to Mr. Hays is certainly due the credit of the initiative. For a man at the early age of thirty-eight years to rise from the bottom of the ladder to the presidency of such a railway system as the \\'abash, and later to be selected as president of the Grand Trunk, charged with its rehabilita- tion, and to so conduct its affairs that after only five years its securities had enhanced in value by eighty-six millions of dollars ; to be called to the presidency of the Southern Pacific, and then called back again to the Grand Trunk to consummate yet vaster plans — these are proofs positive and suf- ficient of his preeminent railway genius. The tribute of silence in which we a few minutes ago reverently joined — a silence in which we were joined by that great army of employes from ocean to ocean — was not the silence of obedience to an enforced order. It was the genuine heart-felt tribute of men of all ranks to a leader whom they had loved and lost.
"The contagion of his example spread through every part of that great system. Himself a hard and rapid worker his own example was a sufficient incentive to do away with indolence and incompetence. His presence any- where on the system encouraged and thrilled to better work not by fear of the tyrant's command to go, but they thrilled at the leader's call to come.
"Mr. Hays was first, last and all the time a great railway man. But it would be unjust to speak merely of that. He possessed other qualities that impressed me even more than that. He was throughout his life a man of lofty and unbend- ing principle. I personally know that his early ending of his connection with a great railway system, sacrificing a position to which was attached great honor and an immense salary, and his going out of that office, not knowing whither he went, was a wonderful example of the triumph of principle over what appeared to be personal interests. It stands as a proof of Mr. Hays' unwillingness to be the tool of a designing genius no matter what that might seem to offer him in the way of personal remuneration. And in the great positions he held it was his constant endeavor to be just to all. It was his endeavor by day and his prayer liy night to always carry an even balance between the employes of his company and those who had invested their living in it with even justice to both. Knowledge of this permeated tlu- wliole system, and brought a realization amongst the men that the main endeavor of the leader was not to get out of the employes as much as possible and give them in return as
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 53
fittle as ])<>ssilile, liut thai they were really working with, iifit for. their presi- dent, in the interests of all.
"And he was a public-spirited man in many other spheres. That he was a generous friend of education is proven in that he was a governor of McGill University; that he was a benefactor to suffering humanity is shown by the hospitals of which he was a governor. But far more than these public posi- tions were innumerable cases in which he proved himself a generous but unostentatious friend to the needy. And may I for a moment draw aside the sacred veil, and speak of his home life. As a father, husband, brother, comrade, to all in his household he was ever the genial, pure, high-minded Christian gentleman — the idol of his home, as he deserved to be. His reli- gious influence was unmistakable and caused him inevitably to work, for the right. I am confident that his deep religious sense of duty was at the bottom of much that we admire in his career — he was utterly honest, not because he believed it to be the best business policy, but because he had faith in the right; he was filled with genial optimism, not from blindness to the facts, but because he knew them.
"That such lives should be allowed to be interrupted by such disasters as that we now mourn is a problem which cannot be satisfactorily answered. It may be said that no man's place is impossible to be filled. But Methodism has never found another John Wesley, and the Grand Trunk will look and wait for long before it finds another Charles Melville Hays."
DOUGALL GUSHING.
One of the most able, successful and progressive of the younger generation of professional men in Montreal is Dougall Gushing, connected with important legal interests as a member of the firm of Barron & Gushing, notaries. He is a native son of the city, born May 3, 1886, his parents being Charles and Lily (Macaulay) Gushing. The family is of old American establishment, the great-grandfather of the subject of this review. Job Gushing, having been born in Massachusetts in 1765. The father was born in May, 1848, and he was for a number of years the senior member of the firm of Gushing & Barron and known as an able and reliable notary. He was in addition a director in the Sun Life Assurance Com- pany, on the board of governors of the Young Men's Christian Association and deacon in Calvary Congregational church, a man of wide interests, high stand- ards and useful and important accomplishments. His death occurred September 30, 1910. He and his wife became the parents of seven children. R. Macaulay, Dougall of this review, Charles, Arthur, Eric, GeofTfrey and Edith.
Dougall Gushing was reared in his parents' home and acquired his preliminary education in the grammar and high schools of Montreal. He afterward attended McGill L'niversity, from which he was graduated B. A. in 1907 and B. G. L. in 1910. In the following year he established himself as a notary in his native city, associating himself with Robert H. Barron, his father's former partner. The firm of Barron & Gushing is today, as it has been for many years past, one of the strongest of its kind in the city, for Dougall Gushing has followed closely in
54 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
his father's footsteps, and has proved himself brilliant, reliable and energetic in the conduct of his professional interests.
Mr. Gushing belongs to Phi Kappa Pi, which he joined in McGill University' and is a member of the Seventeenth Regiment, Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars. He is one of the popular and enterprising young men of Montreal and has already gained a creditable place in a profession in which his superior merit and ability will undoubtedly win for him ultimate distinction.
HON. SAMUEL GALE.
Hon. Samuel Gale, one of the ablest members of the legal profession in his day, and a very prominent citizen of Montreal, died in that city on Satur- day, April 15, 1865. He was the son of a Mr. Gale who, born in Hampshire, England, came to America in 1770 as assistant paymaster to the forces. He married there a Miss Wells, of Brattleboro, and soon after left the army, and took up his residence in the colony of New York. During the Revolution he stood firmly by the old flag under which he had served, and was. for some time imprisoned as a loyalist. After the Revolution, he came to reside in Canada, upon an estate granted to his wife's father by the crown, as indemni- fication for the losses brought upon him as a loyalist in the Revolution. He was subsequently secretary to Governor Prescott, whom he accompanied to England, and there assisted to defend him from the attacks made upon his administration, ^^'hile there he w-rote an essay on Public Credit, addressed and submitted to Pitt. The following is the inscription on his tombstone at Farnham, in Shefiford county :
"Here rests Samuel Gale, Esq., formerly acting deputy paymaster general of H. Majesty's forces in the Southern Provinces, now the U. S. of America ; subsequently Secretary to H. E. the Governor-in-chief of H. M. dominions in N. A.; Author of Essays on Public Credit, and other works; born at Kimpton Hants, England, October 14, 1748; died at Farnham, June 27, 1826."
Samuel Gale of this review was born at St. Augustine, East Florida, in 1783. He was educated at Quebec, while his father was secretary, and came to study law at Montreal under Chief Justice Sewell, in 1802, having Chief Justice Rolland and Mr. Papineau as fellow students. Mr. Gale was admitted to the bar in 1808, and ere long secured a large practice. In 1815 he was appointed a magistrate in the Indian territories, and accompanied Lord Sel- kirk when he went to the northwest. Later, when Lord Dalhousie was attacked for his Canadian administration, Mr. Gale went home as bearer of memorials from the English-speaking Lower Canadians in the townships and elsewhere, defending his lordship's conduct. In 1829. he became chairman of the quarter sessions, and in 1834 was raised to the bench to replace Mr. Jus- tice Uniacke, who preferred to resign the seat on the bench to which he had just been appointed rather than come back to Montreal during the cholera, then raging here. Judge Gale retired from the bench in 1849, forced into retirement by cfmtinucd ill health and the gradual coming on of the infirmities of old age.
HON. SAMUEL GALE
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 57
He had married in 1831J a Miss Havvlcy, cjf St. Armand West, by whom he had three daughters. Mrs. Gale died in September, 1849. Oi the daughters the only one now living is Anna R., widow of T. Sterry Hunt, of Montreal, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work ; while of the other two, Agnes Logan married Andrew Stuart of Quebec, a son of Chief Justice Stuart and of a very prominent family in that city, and the third l)ccame the iJaroness von Friesen, who died December 10, 1875, in Berlin, CJermany.
Born of parents who had both sufifered for their loyal adherence to the British Crown during the American Revolution, and educated in their views Mr. Gale was, as long as he busied himself in politics, a stanch conservative and defender of British unity and British supremacy. He wrote a series of letters to the Montreal Herald (in those days the organ of the stoutest con- servatism) over the signature of "Nerva" which produced a strong impression on the ])ul)lic mind at that time : and in espousing the cause of Lord Dal- housie and upholding the old constitution (under the title constitutionalists taken by the conservatives of that day) against the advocates of democracy or responsible government, he was but consistently pursuing the course on which he first set out. While u]3on the bench he maintained in an elaborate and very able judgment the right of the Crown to establish martial law here in 1837, refusing to theorize about what abstract rights man had or ought to have, declaring simply and firmly what the law. as he read it, established the prerogative of the sovereign to be in a colony. Both as a lawyer and judge he won the respect of his confreres alike by his ability and learning.
For many years previous to his death he was deeply interested in the freedom of the slave. He could not speak with patience of any compromise with slavery and waxed indignant in denunciation of all who in any way aided, abetted, or even coimtenanced it. When the Anderson case was before the Upper Canada courts he was one of the most active among those who aroused agitation here. When the Prince of Wales visited this country he got up a congratulatory address from the colored people of Canada which, however, was not received, as the prince was desired by the Duke of Newcastle, not to recognize differences of race and creed wherever it could be helped.
Judge Gale was a man of high principle and ever bore an unblemished moral character. Once in his early career at the bar he was forced by the then prevailing customs" of society to fight a duel. His antagonist was Sir James Stuart, who had quarreled with him in court and Mr. Gale was severely wounded. It was an event which, we believe, he profdundly regretted, and gladly saw the better day dawn when men ran no risk of forfeiting their . position as gentlemen by refusing to shoot, or be shot at, in order to redress real or fancied insults. He was a scrupulously just man, most methodical and punctual in business matters. There were in his writings great care, and precision and clearness of language. In his letters, too, and even in signing his name, the same trait was observable. He often used to condemn the stupid custom of men who signed their names with a flourish, yet so illegibly that no one could read, but only guess at, the word intended. He was not ostentatious of his charities, yet they were not lacking. Some years before his demise he made a gift of land to Bishop's College, Lennoxville, and during the last months of his life, when age and illness were day by day wearing him
58 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
out, he found relief for his own distress in aiding to relieve that of the needy and afflicted.
\\'ith him passed away one more of those men, who Hnk the creative past, in which were laid the foundations of our civilization, with the Imstling pres- ent and of whom the generation of today knows naught ; of men more proud and precise in their manners than we are : and of such rectitude and sense of honor, that we feel deeply the loss of the influence of their example. A loyal subject, a learned and upright judge, a kind, true, steadfast friend, was lost to the community in Judge Gale.
ROLLO CAMPBELL, M. D.
Dr. Rollo Campbell, of whom it was said that no man ever spoke ill, was the son of Dr. Francis W. Campbell and was born in Montreal on the 6th of June, 1864. His life record covered a comparatively brief span. He was educated under private tutors and in Bishop's College, where he pursued his professional course, being graduated from that institution at Lennoxville, P. O., with honors in the class of 1886, at which time the M. D. degree was conferred upon him. His early professional experience came to him as interne in the Western Hos- pital at Montreal, where he remained for a year, gaining the wide knowledge and training that only hospital practice can bring. He then went to Europe, pursuing his studies in London and in Edinburgh. Upon returning to his native land he located in Montreal for practice and it was not long before he had established an enviable reptitation as a conscientious, capable physician of untiring energy, thoroughly devoted to his profession and ever ready to do a kindness to those in need of his services. He was especially interested in surgery and his researches along that line were broad and varied.
From the time of his graduation Dr. Campbell was on the teaching staff of Bishop's College, first as demonstrator of anatomy, to which he was appointed in 1897, and later as professor of surgery. For many years he was on the con- sulting staff of the Montreal Dispensary and was one of the assistant surgeons of the Western Hospital, in which institution he was greatly interested. He was likewise an examiner for the New York Life Insurance Company.
A feature in his professional connections was his service as surgeon for seventeen years of the Fifth Royal Scots of Canada, in which regiment he was very popular. At one time he was president of Bishop's Medical College Grad- uates' Society and he was physician to several fraternal societies. He also belonged to the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society and along more strictly .social lines he was connected with the Metropolitan Club, the Montreal Military Institute and the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association. Of the latter he was a life mem- ber and was captain of the Bicycle Qub of that organization.
Dr. Campbell was married in Montreal in 1892 in .St. Paul's Presbyterian church to Miss Marion May Fletcher, a daughter of Henry Fletcher, who for thirty years was tide surveyor of the port of Montreal, and his wife, whose maiden name was Margaret Ann Mclnnes. Dr. and Mrs. Campbell became parents of two children: Gladys .\gnes and Fdilh Margaret. Tho family circle
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 5!)
was broken ]>\ the hand of death when on the 31st of May, 1904, Dr. Campbell passed away. Speaking of him at this time a fellow graduate of Bishop's Col- lege said: "He was a fine fellow. I think I can safely say that I never heard anyone speak ill of him. He was kind and thoughtful and devoted himself to his work. In fact, I fear that he worked too hard on account of that conscien- tiousness which would not allow of his neglecting any seeming duty. He will be greatly missed, not only by his fellow practitioners, but by all who knew him and respected him."
ROBERT KURCZYN LOVELL.
While Robert Kurczyn Lovell entered upon a business already established, he has displaved the enterprise and determination which are among his salient characteristics in the methods which he has followed in conducting his business affairs. Montreal numbers him among her native sons, but he comes of Irish and German ancestry. He is the eldest son of the late John Lovell. who was a prominent publisher of Montreal from 1835 until his death in 1893. His mother is Mrs. Sarah Lovell, a daughter of N. P. M. Kurczyn, who was a German merchant of Montreal.
In the acquirement of his education Robert K. Lovell passed through con- secutive grades to the high school. In 1867 he became connected with his father in business, becoming a partner in 1880 and so continuing until the latter's death in July, 1893. The business was conducted under the same style until 1903 when it was incorporated. Since 1903 he has been president of the firm of John Lovell & Son, Ltd., publishers of Lovell's Gazetteer of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland, Lovell's Alontreal Directory, Lovell's Montreal Business Directory and numerous other publications. In all of his business affairs he never deviates from the highest standards. He is an Anglican in religious faith.
WILLIAM OKELL HOLDEN DODDS.
For over twenty years Major William O. H. Dodds has been connected with the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, being at present the assistant manager for Quebec and the maritime provinces. He was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, July 3, 1867, a son of the late Charles Dodds, a manufacturer of that province, who died in June, 1893. The mother of our subject, who was before her marriage Miss Agnes Smith, died in December, 1910.
William Dodds received his education in the Yarmouth high school and the Yarmouth Academy of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. He completed his school edu- cation in 1884 and then entered the employ of the Bank of Yarmouth, remaining with that institution until 1887. From 1887 to 1888 he assisted his father in the wholesale and retail dry-goods business, but in the latter year came to Mon- treal, entering the wholesale dry-goods trade, with \\hich line he continued until
60 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
1892. In that year he joined the staff of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York as cashier and, rising through various positions, was made the assistant manager of the concern for Quebec and the maritime provinces, which office he yet holds. Mr. Dodds has also been one of the promoters of the Con- sumers' Cotton Company.
On November 29, 1910, Mr. Dodds married Jean Hamilton Holt, eldest daughter of Robert W. Tyre, of Montreal. Mrs. Dodds is greatly interested in athletics and in 191 1 was elected president of the Ladies' Montreal Curling Club.
]\Iajor Dodds is also a well known amatetir athlete. He was formerly presi- dent of the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union ; is a member of the executive committee of the Amateur Skating Association of Canada ; and was selected as one of the team of the Montreal Curling Club to proceed to Scotland in Decem- ber, 1908, but was unable to go. He has long been in the volunteer military service, being formerly a captain in the Fifth Regiment, Royal Scots. He sub- sequently commanded the Third Battery, Montreal, and then organized the Twenty-first (Westmount) Battery, which he commanded from October 26, 1907, to April 9, 1910. He is now engaged in the reorganization of the First Regiment, Grenadier Guards of Canada. In January, 1906, Major Dodds was elected president of the Montreal Military Institute and is now councillor of the Boy Scout movement.
Mr. Dodds is a Presbyterian and gives his political support to the conserva- tive party. He is a member of the Montreal Club, the Alontreal Military Insti- tute, the Montreal Curling Club, the ^Montreal Amateur .Athletic Association, the Montreal Hunt Club, the St. James Club, the Royal Montreal Golf Club and others.
ISAIE PREFONTAINE.
Isaie Prefontaine, no less highly esteemed for his business capacity and enterprise than for his public-spirited citizenship, has contributed along vari- (His lines to the welfare and progress of the city in which he makes his home. A native of Beloeil, he was born in 1861 and in the pursuit of his education attended Montreal College, from which he was graduated with honors. From the outset of his career he has made his labors count as factors in general progress and improvement. He has been a close student of conditions and problems of the time and along practical lines has worked for betterment.
He has taken a warm interest in the commercial de\elopmcnt of the city and ha.s been ])rominently identified with various bodies working toward that end. He was ])resident of the Chamber of Commerce of Montreal for the year 1908-9 and for six years was president of the School of High Commercial Studies. In 1909 he became ])resident of the Federation of Chaml)ers of Commerce for the jirovince of Quebec and was continued in that high and ini])ortant office for three years. He has also been a menil)cr of the Board of Trade and has been a cordial coo])erator in the movement for jiroviding
ISAIE PREFOXTAIXK
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 63
facilities for sj)ecializc(i instruction and training of those engaged in manu- facturing and other industrial pursuits.
His wide research and investigation enable him to speak with authority upon many questions bearing upon the business condition of the city and its possibilities for progress along industrial and commercial lines. He is an idealist, whose methods are practical, and is a man of action rather than of theory.
Jn 1883 he married Miss Eliza Pigeon, a daughter of Olivier Pigeon, of \'ercheres, Quebec. He belongs to both the Club St.- Denis and the Cana- dian Club and in the city has a wide and favorable acquaintance. The Mon- treal llerald has termed him "a man of capacity and 'high character."
FRANCIS WAYLAND CAMPBELL, M. D.
Dr. Francis Wayland Campbell, practitioner, educator and editor of medical journals, winning distinction along each line, was born in Montreal on the 5th of November, 1837, a son of the late RoHo Campbell, at one time publisher of the Montreal Daily Pilot and a native of Perthshire, Scotland. Dr. Campbell's more specifically literary education was obtained at Dutton Academy and the Baptist College, and in preparation for a professional career he studied medicine in McGill University, from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree in i860. He at once located for practice in his native city, where he continued until his death. After the completion of his course at McGill he spent some time in study abroad, investigating the methods and watching the clinics of eminent physicians and surgeons of London, Dublin, Edinburgh and Glasgow. In 1861 he passed with high rank an examination before the Royal College of Physicians of London.
In October, 1861, Dr. Campbell married Miss Agnes Stuart Rodger, of Greenock, Scotland, and in November returned with his bride to Canada, open- ing an office for practice in Montreal. Success came to him almost immediately because his equipment was good and because of his recognition of and marked devotion to the duties of the profession. He was offered the editorship of the hospital report department of the British-American Journal, accepted it and continued to serve in that connection until 1864, when the publication of the paper ceased. The Canada Medical Journal was soon afterward started and Dr. Campbell joined Dr. Fenwick in its editorial management, being thus asso- ciated from 1864 until 1872. In the meantime he had joined the medical faculty of Bishop's College, whereupon Dr. Fenwick declined to associate with him any longer in the publication of the Canada Medical Journal. The result was the discontinuance of that paper. , Dr. Campbell decided to contest the field with Dr. Fenwick, who began issuing the paper independently, the Campbell publication being known as the Canada Medical Record, of which he remained editor and proprietor until his demise. In 1872 Dr. Campbell joined Drs. David, Small- wood, Hingston and Trenholme in organizing the medical faculty of Bishop's College, after which he was appointed professor of physiology and was elected by the faculty as their registrar. His writings were considered a valuable con-
64 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
tribution to the literature of the profession and his publications were liberally patronized by those holding to the highest professional standards.
Dr. Campbell was a member of the volunteer militia from 1854 and in i860 was appointed assistant surgeon of the First Battalion, Volunteer Rifles of Canada, now the First Battalion. He served with his regiment on the eastern frontier, being at Hemingford and at Durham during the Fenian raid in 1866. In the fall of that year he was promoted to the rank of surgeon of the regiment and again during the brief Fenian raid of 187 1 was with his command at Pigeon Hill, at St. Armands and St. Johns. After being for a great many years sur- geon of the Prince of Wales Rifles he was appointed, on the formation of the Regular Canadian Militia, to the office of surgeon of the Infantry School Corps at St. Johns, Province of Quebec, and held the position for nineteen years, being then retired at the age limit with the rank of surgeon lieutenant colonel. At that time the regiments were known and still are as the Royal Regiments Canadian Infantry. In 1894 he established the \'. R. I. Magazine and became its first editor. Lennoxville conferred upon him the honorary degree of D. C. L. in 1895. Two years later his son, Dr. Rollo Campbell, was appointed demonstrator of anatomy in Bishop's College. Another matter of interest and importance in the life record of Dr. Campbell was that he held for forty-three years the position of chief medical examiner for the New York Life Insurance Company at Mon- treal and his son. Dr. Rollo Campbell, was his assistant. He was honorary president of the Military Institute for several years and was one of the founders of the Western Hospital of Montreal. He was called the father of that institu- tion and two years ago the hospital placed a very handsome bronze tablet to his memory in the institution. At the time of his death he was dean of the medical faculty of Bishop's College at Montreal. His degrees were M. A., M. D. and L. R. C. P. of London. Honor and distinction came to him in many ways, and at all times he bore his honors with becoming modesty.
Dr. Campbell was a liberal conservative in politics. He belonged to the Montreal Military Institute and was a past master of the Victoria Lodge of Masons. Of scholarly attainments, finding keen pleasure in scientific research and actuated, too, by a broad humanitarian spirit, his professional service as practitioner, educator and writer was of marked value to the public and con- stituted a notable contribution to the world's work in the field of medical and surgical progress.
CLEOPHAS ED\\'ARD LECLERC.
Cleophas Edward Leclcrc. who for fifteen years was a member of the board of notaries of Quebec, his home being in Montreal, his native city, was born September 26, 1844. Almost his entire life was passed in Montreal, where he supplemented his early education by a classical course in the College of Ste. Therese de Blainville in the district of Terrebonne. Having determined to become a notary public, he entered upon his professional studies under the direc- tion of Mr. F. Des Bastien, registrar of the county of Vaudreuil, and was admittcfl to practice on the T5th of October, 1866. For fifteen years he was a
HISTORY OF .MONTREAL 65
member of the Quebec board of notaries and for three years was its vice presi- dent. He stood high in his profession, and the clientage afforded him came in recognition of his superior ability.
On the i6th of November, 1875, Mr. Leclerc was married to Miss Caroline Eliza Archambault of St. Hyacinthe, and they became the parents of six chil- dren : Robertine ; Rene, who is managing director of the Credit-Canada, Lim- ited; Achille ; Alice, the wife of Arthur Hubour, who is engaged in the drug business at the corner of Demontigny and St. Denis streets; Ovide; and Rita. Death came to Mr. Leclerc at his home at No. 655 St. Hubert street on the 23d of November, 191 2, when he was sixty-eight years of age. Lie was a man of fine personal appearance, his broad forehead indicating strong native intelli- gence. He was of dignified appearance and mien and looked at life from the standpoint of one who recognized its obligations and duties as well as its privi- leges and opportunities. He had an extensive circle of friends so that his death was deeply regretted by many outside his own household.
GEORGE CAVERHILL.
Prominent on the roll of leading business men of Montreal stands the name of George Caverhill, a merchant who for an extended period has been connected with commercial life and figures prominently in connection with corporate inter- ests having to do with the business enterprise and consequent prosperous devel- oprnent of the city. He was born October 18, 1858, at Beauharnois, P. O.. and is of Scotch descent. His parents were Thomas and Elizabeth Spiers (Buch- anan) Caverhill, the latter a representative of the Buchanan family of Lenny, while the former was a member of the border family of Caverhills, residents of Scotland from 1200.
In the attainment of his education George Caverhill attended successively the Montreal high school, the Gait Collegiate Institute and McGill University. From the outset of his business career he has been connected with mercantile interests. In 1877 he entered the employ of Crathern & Caverhill, of Montreal, and, later ambitious to engage in business on his own account, utilized the opportunities of becoming a partner in a wholesale hardware firm, his partners being his brother, the late Frank Caverhill, J. B. Learmont and T. H. Newman. The four organized the firm of Caverhill, Learmont & Company, wholesale hardware merchants of both ^Montreal and W'innijjeg. This by no means indi- cates the scope of his investments and his activities. That he is today one of the most important business men of the province is indicated in the fact that he is vice president of the Montreal Loan & Mortgage Company, a director of the Dominion Iron & Steel Company, Canadian Cottons, Ltd., Montreal Trust Company, Montreal Light, Heat & Power Company, and is identified with a number of organizations to promote trade and business relations. In 1904 he was chosen president of the Montreal Metal & Hardware Association, was made first vice president of the Montreal Board of Trade in 1906 and its president in 1907.
66 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
In 1887 Mr. Caverhill was married to Miss Emily Margaret, daughter of John Caverhill. She takes active interest in philanthropical and charitable work and is a member of the general committee of the \'ictorian Order of Nurses. Together with her husband, she is a life governor of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ca\erhill were presented to the late King Edward at Windsor Castle in June, 1905.
In addition to his previously mentioned activities, Mr. Caverhill is a gov- ernor of the Montreal General Hospital, and is a life member of St. Andrew's Society of ^Montreal. He has a great love of animals and has won fully two hundred and sixty prizes with his kennel of skye terriers. Mr. Caverhill's polit- ical allegiance is given to the liberal party, and in 191 1 he opposed the Tafl- Fielding reciprocity compact. Prominent in club circles, he holds membership with the Mount Royal, St. James, Canada, Canadian, Forest and Stream, Lachine Boating and Canoe, Montreal Hunt, Montreal Jockey, Montreal Polo, Reform, Royal Montreal Golf and Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Clubs, all of Montreal. He is a man of liberal culture and broad general information, having largely promoted his knowledge through extended travel in the East Indies, South America, Japan, Egjpt, Greece and Italy. His opinions carry weight on all questions in which he has become deeply interested, and his interest in any plan or project is ever the source of activit}- in its support.
LOUIS JOSEPH ARTHUR SURVEYER.
Louis Joseph Arthur Surveyer, one of the best known business men of Montreal, his ability and enterprise finding exemplification in his substantial success, was born May 16, 1841, in the town of Beauharnois, in the province of Quebec. His father was Dr. Joseph Surveyer, a well known physician of Beauharnois and surrounding parishes, and his mother bore the maiden name of Eugenie Duclas Decelles.
L. J. A. Surveyer was educated at St. Laurent College and entered upon his business career as a clerk in a general store in St. Johns, P. Q. After eighteen months he came to Montreal and entered the retail hardware store of Messrs. Ferrier & Company on Notre Dame street. After nine months' service in the employ of that firm they sold their business and Mr. Surveyer entered the employ of Mr. Thomas Davidson in his retail store, continuing in that employ for seven years. He was ambitious to engage in business on his own account and so wisely used his time and talent that he was now able with a capital of six hundred dollars to open a store of his own. His venture proved successful from the' beginning and has been developed and built up to its present extensive proportions so that Mr. Surveyer is now ranked with the leading business men of the city.
In 1868 Mr. Surveyer married Miss Amelie Pelletier, who died thirteen months later. In 1873 he married Miss M. A. Hectorine Fabre, a daughter of the late E. R. Fabre, and the youngest sister of the late Archbishop Fabre. Of this union there were born eight children, seven of whom are living, as follows; I'.dward Fabre, a lawver in Montreal, of whom there is further
LOUIS J. A. SURVEYER
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 69
mention in this work; Eugenie, now Mrs. N. K. Latlamme of Montreal; Arthur, of Surveyer & Frigon, consulting engineers ; Paul, a lawyer in Mon- treal; Gustave, of Montreal; Marie; and Therese, now Mrs. Jules Faurnier of Montreal. Mr. Surveyer is a member of the Canadian Club and of the Alli- ance Nationale. There is found in his life history the strong proof of the fact that the road to opportunity is open to ambition and energ)', and that it leads to the goal of success.
NORVAL DICKSON.
Nerval Dickson, practicing as a notary in IMontreal in partnership with R. B. Hutcheson, and controlling an important, representative and growing client- age, was born in Howick, Quebec, in 1878 and is a son of Robert Dickson who came to Canada from Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1830.
Nerval Dickson acquired his preliminary education in Huntingdon Academy, Huntingdon, Quebec, and afterwards entered McGill University in Montreal, receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1901 and his degree in law in 1904. Immediately afterward he began practice in Montreal, continuing alone until May, 1910, when he formed a partnership with R. B. Hutcheson under the firm name of Hutcheson & Dickson. Mr. Dickson has proved an important and help- ful factor in the success of the firm, for he possesses a deep and comprehensive knowledge of the underlying principles of his profession and has a well deserved repiitation as a reliable and competent notary. The firm controls a growing and extensive patronage and has a high standing in legal circles of the city.
REV. ABRAHAM DE SOLA, LL. D.
Rev. Abraham de Sola, LL. D., who for many years was so familiar a figure in literary circles in Montreal and who earned so wide and deserved a reputation as an Oriental scholar and theologian, was a descendent of an illustrious Spanish- Jewish family. The marvelous history of Israel must ever be of peculiar inter- est to mankind, and perhaps no chapter in the post-biblical portion of that history possesses more charm than that which relates about the Jews of Spain and Portu- gal, or Sephardim, as they are styled. These lived free and untrammeled during those mediaeval times when their brethren in less favored countries were weighed down by the burden of oppression, and with the Saracens they kept alive the flame of learning and science in the Iberian peninsula at a time when it burnt lowest in the rest of Europe. Power, rank and honor were theirs ; and when afterwards clouds obscured the sky of their prosperity, and the storm of persecu- tion burst pitilessly over their heads, their record of heroic martyrdom and thrilling adventure is a tale as fascinating as that of many of the most imagina- tive pages of fiction.
Among the many bright names which illumined Spanish-Jewish history, that of De Sola stands prominent. The De Solas had settled in Andalusia as early
70 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
as the sixth century, whence they had come from Judea by gradual stages through northern Africa. They held various offices under the Saracenic caliphs at Toledo and Cordova, and afterwards when they removed to Navarre they were received with like favor by the Gothic princes. From their estate in this province, their surname had its origin. A particularly distinguished member of the family was Don Bartolomeu de Sola, who, in reward for his services, was ennobled and, after being a minister of state, held for a while the position of viceroy of Navarre.
During the fourteenth century another De Sola distinguished himself fighting under the Infante of Aragon and figured conspicuously in the Spanish wars of that period. During the succeeding centuries the family continued to hold an illustrious place, owing to the large number of eminent scholars, physicians and statesmen it produced. Their fortunes, however, changed when King Ferdinand, having by the conquest of Granada destroyed the last vestige of Moorish power in Spain, decided to drive therefrom all who did not conform to the dominant faith ; and in 1492 was promulgated the terrible edict of expulsion, which, at one blow, deprived hundreds of thousands of Spain's most intelligent and indus- trious inhabitants of happy and prosperous homes. The De Solas took refuge in Holland, but a branch of the family continued to hold business connections with Lisbon, and eventually some of them settled in the Portuguese capital, where they amassed much wealth. Watched by the Inquisition, they, like many other Por- tuguese Jews, for some time evaded the danger by assuming to become Marannos or Nuevos Christianos — as converted Jews were styled — while they secretly remained loyal to Judaism. In the latter part of the seventeenth century, however, suspicion was directed towards them, and David de Sola (who to elude his per- secutors had assumed the name of Bartolome) was apprehended and charged with having relapsed into Judaism. Although placed under the most fearful tor- ture nothing seems to have been proved, as he was allowed to afterwards go free ; but he was physically broken dow-n by his terrible sufferings. Escape from the country by a suspect was then extremely difficult, but in the next generation his son, Aaron de Sola, managed to secure refuge on board a British man-of-war and to make good his escape with his family to England ; not, however, before two of his relatives had been imprisoned, tortured and condemned to death at an auto-da-fe, by the Inquisition, for secret adherence to Judaism.
It was in 1749 that Aaron de Sola fled with his wife and family to England, and now that they were freed from the terrors of the Inquisition they openly avowed once more their loyalty to the faith of their fathers. From England they took passage for Holland, where they rejoined their relatives, and taking up their residence in Amsterdam they soon again rose to distinction in the various learned professions.
Previously to this — in the year 1690 — one of the preceding generation, Isaac de Sola, had settled in London and had ac(|uired a high rejiutation in the Hebrew community there as an clo<|ucnt preacher and author. Several volumes of his works are still extant.
Four sons had accompanied .Aaron de Sola in his flight from Lislion in 1749, of whom the eldest, David, was the great-grandfather of the Dr. .Abraham de Sola who forms the chief subject of this sketch. The youngest of Aaron de Sola's sons, Dr. I'enjamin de Sola, attained to a foremost jilace among the ])ractitioners of the eighteenth century. He was court jihysician to William \' of the Nether-
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 71
lands and was the autlior of a large number of medical works. The other two sons of Aaron de Sola settled in Curacao, and one of them was the grandfather of General Juan de Sola, who became so distinguished as a commander of cavalry under Uolivar and Paez when the South American states revolted from Spain. He took part in the decisive battle of Carabobo, and led the charge on Puerto Cabello when that city was stormed by Paez, receiving a salire wound during the tight. After the restoration of peace he held important public offices during the Paez regime.
The Rev. Abraham de Sola, LL. D., was born in London, England, on the i8th of September, 1825. His father, David Aaron de Sola, was senior minis- ter of the Portuguese Jews of London, to which city he had been called from Amsterdam, and was eminent as a Hebrew author, having produced among many other works an elegant translation of the Jewish Forms of Prayer; also, in con- junction with Dr. Raphael, an edition of Genesis, very valuable to biblical stu- dents on account of its commentaries and copious notes, and the first English translation of Eighteen Treatises of the Mishna. His mother was the daughter of Dr. Raphael Aleldola, chief rabbi of the Spanish-Jewish congregations of Britain. The Aleldolas had given eminent chief rabbis to Europe for twelve generations. Abraham de Sola received careful tuition in all the usual branches of a liberal education. He became early engrossed in the study of Oriental languages and literature and of theology, and continued to devote his attention to those subjects until he acquired that profound knowledge of them wdiich sub- sequentl}' won him so prominent a place among scholars. Having been offered the position of rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Jewish .Congregation of Montreal he accepted the call and arrived in this city in the beginning of 1847, and here, for over thirty-five years, he continued to minister to the spiritual w'ants of his people. His able pulpit discourses soon attracted attention. Dr. de Sola's abilities, however, were not destined to be confined exclusively to his official duties. Before leaving London he had been associated in the editorial work of a Hebrew journal. The \'oice of Jacob, and soon after his arrival in Canada he delivered a course of lectures on Jewish history before the Mercantile Lit- erary Association. In 1848 he published his "Notes on the Jews of Persia under Mohammed Shah," and also "A History of the Jews of Persia." Within the same year there appeared his important work on "Scripture Zoology." Soon afterwards he published his "Lectures on the Mosaic Cosmogony." This was fol- lowed by his "Cosmography of Peritsol," a work displaying such erudition that it gained a WMde circulation in Europe and was reprinted there in several languages. His next work, "A Commentary upon Samuel Hannagid's Introduc- tion to the Talmud," was a book which deservedly attracted much attention, owing to the light which it threw upon an interesting portion of rabbinical literature and to its depth of Talmudic knowledge. In 1853 he published, conjointly with the Rev. J. J. Lyons, of New York, a work on the Jewish Calendar System, chiefly valuable on account of its excellent prefatory treatise upon the Jewish system of calculating time.
Dr. de Sola's mastery of Semitic languages and literature early attracted the notice of our learned bodies, and, after first acting as lecturer, he was, in 1853, appointed professor of Hebrew and Oriental literature at McGill L^niversity. The
72 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
high abilities which he displayed as occupant of this chair proved the wisdom of the appointment, and he continued to hold the position during the rest of his life.
For some time Dr. de Sola had been engaged in the preparation of one of his most important productions, "The Sanatory Institutions of the Hebrews." The work was published in two parts and was an exhaustive exposition of the hygienic laws of the Hebrews, as exhibited in both Scriptural and rabbinical writ- ings, critically examined in the light of modern scientific knowledge. It was a production which evinced how deeply the author had penetrated into scientific as well as rabbinical paths of learning. Shortly afterwards he published a sup- plemental work to it, entitled "Behemoth Hatemeoth."
The prominence to which Dr. de Sola had now reached among men of let- ters led McGill University to confer upon him the degree of LL. D. in 1858.
In i860, Dr. Hall, the editor of The British .\merican Journal, devoted to physical and medical science, induced Dr. de Sola to assist that publication with his pen, and, among other contributions, his series of articles "Upon the Employ- ment of Anaesthetics in Cases of Labor, in Connection with Jewish Law," call for particular mention.
Dr. de Sola's wide range of studies had made him very popular both as a public lecturer and as a contributor to various literary papers. The themes of some of these were afterwards much amplified by him and republished in their elaborated and completed form. At comparatively short intervals he gave to the public his works on "Scripture Botany," "Sinaitic Inscriptions," "Hebrew Xumis- matics," "The Ancient Hebrews as Promoters of the Arts and Sciences," "The Rise and Progress of the Great Hebrew Colleges," and "Philological Studies in Hebrew and the Aramaic Languages." Turning his attention again to Jewish history, he, in i8fx). wrote his interesting "Life of Shabethai Tsevi, the False Messiah." The following year he completed his "History of the Jews of Poland," and in 1871 he published his "History of the Jews of France."
Dr. de .Sola closely identified himself with many of our literary and scien- tific associations, notably with the Natural History Society, in which he was an active colaborer of Sir William Dawson and Sir William Logan. He was for many years president of the society and received H. R. H. Prince Arthur (after- wards Duke of Connaught) when that prince visited the society in 1870. His- address upon "The Study of Natural Science," delivered upon that occasion, called forth a letter of approbation from Queen Mctoria.
During all his intense literary activity Dr. de Sola was taking a very promi- nent part in all matters afi^ecting the Jewish people. His mastery of Jewish theology, in all its branches, had earned him wide renown among his own race and had gained him a high place among the very foremost rabbis of the day. Convinced that the fences which orthodoxy placed around the citadel of his an- cestral faith were the best safeguards against disintegrating forces, the upholders of historical Judaism found in him an able and jjowerful champion. Equally noticeable were his bold attacks upon the weak points of tlie skeptical school of modern biblical criticism. His intimate knowledge of all those branches of learning which hear upon this subject made him particularly formidable in this respect. The Jewish press and pulpit and the lecture platform were the vehicles by which he usually reached the jjublic on these subjects. He had, indeed, since his first arrival in Canada been a jjarticularly active contril)Utor to Jewish jour-
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 73
nals, more especially to the Occident of I'hiladelpliia, with which he was for years identified, being in intiniale literary relations with its editor, the gifted Isaac Leeser.
Dr. de Sola's ability in the jmlpit led tcj his frequently being invited to lecture in the United States, where he had ac(|uire(l nnich prominence and popularity. On the 9th of January, iJSjJ, he was invited by General (irant's govern- ment to jierform the ceremony of opening the United States congress with prayer, and for the first time was witnessed the unique spectacle of one who was not a citizen of the United States nor of the dominant belief officiating at the open- ing ceremonies at the assembling of congress at Washington. 'J'he broad lib- erality of this act, upon the part of the United States government, was fraught with particular signiticance at that time, owing to the fact that diplomatic rela- tions between liritain and the United States had then but lately been strained to dangerous tension by the "Alabama Claims," and this high compliment to a Brit- ish subject was the first evidence of the growth of a better feeling between the two countries. Sir Edward Thornton, the British ambassador at Washington, formally extended to Dr. de Sola the thanks of the British government, and Mr. Gladstone — then prime minister, also personally communicated his satis- faction.
Upon the death of Isaac Leeser, Dr. de Sola purchased the stereotyped plates of his works and issued a new edition of that author's translation of the Bible according to Jewish authorities. He also brought out a revised translation of the Jewish Forms of Prayer, in six volumes, based upon the editions of D. A. de Sola (his father) and of Leeser. He was invited to become .the successor of Mr. Leeser in his ministerial office but declined. He had previously refused sev- eral similar offers.
Dr. de Sola's onerous duties were at this time further increased by his being offered the chair of Hebrew at the Montreal Presbyterian College, and later on he accepted the appointment of lecturer in Spanish literature at McGill Univer- sity, a literature and language with which he was specially familiar and to which he was particularly attached.
But such incessant application to work could not but prove exhaustive, and his naturally vigorous health broke down under the strain. A year's rest, spent in Europe, proved sufficiently beneficial to enable him to return to some of his duties. For a while he also resumed his contributions to the Jewish press, and among other interesting writings we notice his "Yehuda Alcharizi and the Book Tachkemoni." In 1880 he published his last important work, "Saadia Ha- Gaon," a book giving a very valuable description of the writings and life of one of the greatest of Jewish philosophers and also containing an interesting account of the court of a prince of the captivity.
But failing health was destined now to check forever the labors of his active pen, and while in Kew York, on a visit to his sister, he was taken ill and his death occurred on June 5. 1882. The remains were brought on to Montreal and there interred. He had not yet comjsleted his fifty-seventh year when he passed awav. In his death the Hebrew community sustained a loss whose magnitude could scarcely be over-estimated. His self-sacrificing devotion to the service of his race, his ceaseless labor in everything which could elevate and promote both their moral and intellectual welfare, his (|uick readiness to assuage, with kind
74 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
counsel and help, the lot of those in adversity, and the rare talents which he had displayed in his niultifarions writings, had won for him the warmest admiration and attachment of his people and had gained him a reputation among them that was w'orld-wide. His loss, indeed, was scarcely less regretted by Gentile than by Jew, for the prominence which his scholarly attainments had acquired for him among Canadian litterateurs, the active role which he had for thirty-five years played in our various learned bodies, and the distinguished position which he held in our leading university, achieved for him an illustrious place among Canada's public men.
Dr. de Sola was married in 1852 to Esther Joseph, the youngest daughter of Henry Joseph, of Berthier, one of the earliest Jewish settlers in this country. Cjf his several children, the eldest son, the Rev. Aleldola de Sola, succeeded him as rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue of Montreal, and another son, Clarence I. de Sola, is general manager of the Belgian syndicate, "Comptoir Belgo-Canadien."
ROBERT MEIGHEN.
The history of Canada's great industrial and commercial growth during the past thirty or forty years is but the history of such men as Robert Meighen one of the foremost business men of his generation, whose intense and intelli- gently directed activity constituted a potent force in the material development and progress of not only the city and province of his adoption but various other sections of the Dominion as well. His birth occurred at Dungiven, near Londonderry, Ireland, April 18, 1838, his parents being Robert and Mary (McLeghan) iMeighen, whose family numbered five children. The family history shows a long line of Irish ancestors.
Robert Meighen was educated at Perth, Ontario, for following the father's death the mother brought her family to the new world, settling at Perth, where her sons were educated and established themselves in business as retail and wholesale merchants. The firm of A. Meighen & Brothers has for many years been one of the most extensive mercantile firms doing business in the old Bathurst district. Robert IMeighen carried on business in partnership with his brother at Perth, Ontario, until 1879, when he removed to Montreal and entered into business relations with his brother-in-law. Sir George Stephen, later Lord Mount Stephen, whom he succeeded as president of the New Bruns- wick Railway, which now forms part of the Canadian Pacific Railway system. Successful from the outset of his business career, Mr. Meighen continually extended his efforts into other fields. He became one of the founders of the Lake of the Woods Milling Company, establishing and operating mills and elevators at Keewatin and Portage la Prairie, which are among the largest aiul best equipped in the world. Shortly after the organization of this company Robert Meighen became its president, which position he retained till the time of his death, directing its policy and formulating tiic plans upon which the mammoth business was constructed. This represented, however, but one phase
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HISTORY OF MONTREAL 77
of his activity. He carried his efforts into many fields, none of them failing to profit by his cooperation.
"The Gazette," at the time of Mr. Meighen's death, said in part: "Mr. Meighen was a self-made man and was proud to designate himself as such. From the day he entered business pursuits at Perth, many years ago, down to the time he became a director of the Canadian Pacific Railway, an institution Ix' liad championed from its inception, in commerce, in finance and in imperial politics, Robert Meighen was never at home except on the firing line. Although the fact is only perhaps known to the newspaper fraternity and to some of the leaders of tariff reform in England, he advocated closer relations between the mother country and the outlying dependencies of the empire even before Mr. Chamberlain took the platform in England, as the champion of such a policy.
"Mr. Meighen was known in eastern Ontario as a clever business man, a follower of Sir John A. Macdonald, and as a man who had ideas and could fearlessly express them on the stump and at the fireside, many years before he came to Montreal. It was ere his removal to this city that he had secured, most successfully, the right of way for the Ontario & Quebec Railway, now the Montreal & Toronto section of the Canadian Pacific, and later on he was entrusted with the promotion of a bill wliich was of the utmost importance to that railway. Mr. Meighen was not a member of parliament, but he stated his case to the members outside and in the loljbies of the house with such forceful- ness, such clarity of view and in so straightforward a manner that few could withstand his cogent arguments. It was a tribute to his power that Sir Richard Cartwright's denunciation of him was quite as vehement as the thun- derbolts which the chief antagonist of the great railway project' used to launch against Sir John Macdonald, Sir Charles Tupper and the other parliamentary giants of the day.
"Mr. Meighen believed not only in the Canadian Pacific project itself, but also in the ultimate value of the great tracts of land lying for a thousand miles along to the north of where the line was being run away up to the Saskatche- wan, and, if he died a rich man, it was due to abiding faith in the future of Canada's western domain and in the ultimate development of the Dominion as a whole. It was in reply to a jocular observation from Mr. Choate, the then American ambassador at the court of St. James, who had asked Mr. Meighen when Canada was going to throw in her lot with the United States, that the Montreal imperialist declared that it was customary for the larger unit to absorb the smaller, and no doubt at her pleasure Canada would follow the established precedent.
"A good many shrewd Montreal merchants smiled when Mr. ^leighen came from a small Ontario town to this city as the promoter of a great industry, but many months had not passed before they discovered that both in commerce and finance a rival worthy of their keenest steel had taken his place amongst them and ever after, when any important subject was up for discussion on the floors of the Board of Trade, the opinions of the man from Perth, uttered with characteristic Irish eloquence and wit, invariably commanded respect and atten- tion. His fellow members did not always agree with him, but they were always ready to admit that he was sincere and that he spoke the truth as he felt it.
78 HISTORY OF .MONTREAL
"Returning from England some years ago, when everything spelt unrest in industrial Britain, Air. Aleighen gave an interview to The Gazette which has perhaps been quoted more frequently by politicians on both continents, as well as by Canadian public men of all parties, than any other of his utterances. Mr. Aleighen, who was always a great reader, declared that England at that time could only be compared to Athens when Diogenes, the Greek philosopher, went out with his lantern looking, as he said, for a man. He said, however, in the course of that interview, that the man would be found, and sure enough it was not long before Joseph Chamberlain was entering upon his whirlwind cam- paign in favor of imperial preference and the absolute unity of the British empire. Air. Aleighen was denounced more than once at the Montreal Board of Trade, but a good many of the men who came to scoff remained to pray, to use Air. Aleighen's own graphic language. Three years ago, when a resolu- tion was to be introduced before the Alontreal Board of Trade on the policy of imperial preferential trade. Air. Aleighen was particularly anxious that it should be fathered by a leader in commerce and finance. He prepared the resolution, called upon the late Sir George Drummond, president of the Bank of Alontreal and universally admitted to be the first authority on matters of trade and finance in the Dominion, asking him to move it. Sir George Drum- mond's answer was characteristic of the man. "Air. Aleighen,' he replied, 'this resolution meets my views exactly, but the honor of moving it belongs to you and you alone and I will take a second place. You will mo"ve the resolution and I will be only too happy to second it.' Air. Aleighen delivered a masterly address on that occasion and the resolution was carried.
"His greatest energy was centered in the development of the company over which he presided up to the hour of his death, yet he stated not very long ago that he was shaping things in such a manner as would permit younger men to assume the responsibilities of management and that after the million- dollar bond issue had been retired he would then feel that he could take a rest.
"The late president of the Lake of the Woods Company was from the outset an uncompromising opponent of the Washington reciprocity pact and he did not hesitate to state on every oft'ered occasion that the ratification of such a treaty would be a severe blow aimed at the unity of the empire, and a decided mistake in the widest interests.
"He was the confidential friend and associate in various business enter- prises of both Lord Mount Stephen and Lord Strathcona. These eminent men had implicit confidence in Air. Aleighen's business judgment, and as a matter of fact many other men high up in imperial statecraft came to him for advice on both Canadian and British trade matters. Indeed, some of the best speeches delivered on the unionist side during the last two British elections drew their information from, and were in part, inspired by the ideas of this foremost, perhaps, of Canadian tariff reformers."
The same paper said editorially : "A v^'orthy and widely respected citizen was lost to Alontreal by the death yesterday morning of Air. Robert Aleighen. In business he won marked success. He helped in no small way to show the great possibilities of the milling trade of Canada and so profited the country as well as himself and his associates. He judiciously employed the wealth that came to him and greatly increased his store. The largest business enterprises
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 79
sought his counsel on their (hrectorates and ])rolite(l by his connection with them. He was a man of ideas in matters outside of commerce, and held and advocated views about the country and the empire with vigor and courage and the broadest loyalty. In private life his sincerity, earnestness and kindliness caused all men to give him their regard. In his capacity as merchant, citizen and man he rose to high stature ; and at a rijje old age closed a worthy career, leaving a memory that is a help to what is good and creditable in business life."
Among his business connections, not already mentioned, Mr. Mcighen was managing director of the Cornwall Manufacturing Company, a director of the Canada Northwest Land Company, the Bank- of Toronto, the Dominion Trans- portation Company, the St. John Bridge & Railway Company, the Montreal Street Railway and the New Brunswick Land Company. His activities like- wise extended to other fields havjng to do with many subjects of vital interest to city and country. He was a director of the Montreal Parks and Playground Association and was president of the New Brunswick Fish and Game Club. He was likewise vice president of the King Edward Memorial Committee of Montreal, was chairman of the Canadian board of the Phoenix Assurance Company and was a governor of the Royal Victoria, the Western and Maternity Hospitals of Montreal. The Montreal Standard named him as one of the twenty-three men at the basis of Canadian finance, and it was a recognized fact that few men were more familiar with the problems of finance or did more to establish a safe monetary system. Mr. Meighen belonged to various prom- inent social organizations, including the St. James Club, the Mount Royal Club, the Canada Club and the Montreal Club.
He was a Presbyterian, a member of St. Paul's church and' chairman of its board of trustees. All his life Mr. Meighen was a firm believer in the copart- nership of capital and labor and in the coexisting duties, on a fair basis, of one to the other. He realized and carried out the idea of their inter-dependency. \\'hen labor had contributed to the success of capital he never allowed it go without recognition and its just reward, with the result of absolute confidence on the pnrt of his employes in his fairness and regard for their interests, and a willingness to give, in turn, their loyal and honest support to capital. Above all Mr. ]\Ieighen had keen human sympathies. He delighted in the energetic young man cutting out his road to success, but this did not prevent him from having patience and sympathy with those who, perhaps through lack of natural gifts or unfortunate circumstances, found life an uphill pull. In astonishing numbers both kinds of men seemed to bring their successes and their failures to him. and to both, provided they showed honesty of purpose, he would give his time, his advice and his help in the open-hearted way characteristic of a man who had not a single ungenerous impulse in his nature.
At the time of his death when the press throughout Canada was giving appreciations of his ability and of his success one of his intimate friends remarked, "They have omitted the biggest thing about him — his heart" — and so it was. When these two, great heart and much ability, go hand in hand and work together, one vitalizing, as it were, the conceptions of the other, a potent force is felt to be abroad. W'el! is it for our Canadian business world to have had such a force in its midst as the late Robert Meighen truly was. He died when still, one might say, at the height of his activities and with a
80 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
heavy burden of work upon him, but to work was his pleasure. His loss was deeply deplored by all who knew him and he left behind him a record of a man who in all things was the soul of honor and an example to those who come after — "Follow on."
Mr. Meighen left a widow, Elsie Stephen, daughter of the late William Stephen, formerly of Dufftown, Scotland, and three children. Lieutenant Col- onel F. S. Meighen, who has succeeded his father as president of the Lake of the Woods Milling Company, Mrs. R. Wilson Reford and Mrs. R. O. Harley.
WILLL\M ERNEST BOLTON.
Twenty years' connection with the real-estate business has brought William Ernest Bolton into prominence and today he figures as a controlling factor in some of the leading real-estate companies of Montreal. He was born in this city April ii, 1873, a son of Richard and Elizabeth (Alinchin) Bolton. His edu- cation was acquired in the schools of his native city, and early in his business career he became identified with real-estate activity in which connection he has remained for many years as a well known and successful real-estate broker. He has been identified with many important property transfers and with important development of real-estate interests. He is now a director of the Montreal Loan & Mortgage Company ; president of the Birmingham-Montreal Realty Com- pany, Limited ; a director of the Midland Investment Company. Limited ; of the Richelieu Realty Company, Limited : of the Renforth Realty Company, Limited, and of the Riviera Realty Company. Limited. These are among the most important corporations in that branch of business having to do with the property interests and consequent development and progress of the city.
In Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1905, ^Mr. Bolton was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Hamilton McClure and they have become the parents of two sons, Richard and Hamilton. Mr. Bolton votes with the conservative party but the honors and emoluments of public office have no attraction for him. When business leaves him leisure for social enjoyment he spends his time at the Mon- treal Club, the Beaconsfield Golf Club, the Winter Club, the Montreal Country Club and the ?»Iontreal Amateur Athletic Association, in all of which he holds membership.
THORNTON DAVIDSON.
Foremost among the younger generation of business men in Montreal and one who had attained a high standing in the financial circles of the city, was Thornton Davidson, whose untimely death in the sinking of the steamship Titanic, April 15, 191 2, ended a career that had not only been successful, but gave great promise for the future.
Thornton Davidson was a native of Montreal, and was born on the I7.th of May, 1880. His father was the Hon. C. Peers Davidson, D. C. L., a distin-
THOKXTDV n.WIDSOX
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 83
guished jurist, and his mother Alice Mattice, second daughter of WiUiam Mat- tice of Cornwall, Ontario. Reared in Montreal, Thornton Davidson attended the city schools, graduating from high school. Throughout his active business career he was connected with financial interests, later becoming manager of the Montreal branch of the New York house of Charles Head & Company.
In 1908 he established the firm of Thornton Davidson & Company wliich soon took a prominent position among the leading brokerage and investment security houses in the city. In 1909 Mr. Davidson became a member of the Montreal Stock Exchange. His thorough capability and great energy were factors in the success of the business which he established and of which he remained the head until his death. His personal popularity made him a valued member of the club life of the city, where he held membership in the St. James, Racquet, Montreal Hunt, Montreal Jockey, Montreal Polo, Royal St. Lawrence Yacht, Manitou and Canada Clubs, and also in Montreal Amateur Athletic Association.
On November 3, igo6, in Montreal, Mr. Davidson was married to Miss Orian Hays, daughter of Charles Melville Hays. Returning from Europe in company with his wife and the latter's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Hays, on the ill-fated Titanic, Mr. Davidson was among those brave men who on April 15, 1912, gave precedence to women and children and went down with the ship. Such an act is just what his friends would have expected of Thorn- ton Davidson in such an emergency. His associates knew him as a capable business man and a most genial companion, but they recognized in him also the strength of character which manifests itself in the highest type of manhood when a crisis arises.
WILLIAM FAWCETT HAMILTON, M. D.
Important professional connections indicate the high standing of Dr. \\ il- liam Fawcett Hamilton of Montreal, who, in addition to an extensive private practice has done much hospital work. He is a son of Gustavus W. and Eleanor (Goodwin) Hamilton, and was born in Baie Verte, New P.runswick. His early education was acquired in the schools of his native town and in Upper Sack- ville and then, having determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work, he entered McGill University of Montreal, from which he was graduated with the class of i8gi, receiving the degrees of M. D. and C. ^I. He has now suc- cessfully practiced his profession in this city for more than two decades and has advanced steadily to a place of prominence as a representative of the medical profession. From 1891 until 1894 he was medical superintendent of the Mon- treal General Hospital and in the latter year became assistant phvsician of the Royal Mctoria Hospital, and upon the death of Dr. James Stewart, in 1906, he was appointed attending physician of that institution. He has proven himself a man of abilitv and public opinion has accorded him rank with the eminent physicians of the city. He is now associate professor of clinical medicine at McGill Universitv and as an instructor displays capability in imparting readilv. clearlv, conciselv and forcibly to others the knowledge that he has acc|uired. In
84 HISTORY OF :M0NTREAL
1909 he was elected a member of the Board of \ictoriaii Order of Murses, and he is a member of the Association of American Physicians and vice president of the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society. Through these connections he keeps in close touch with the advanced work of the profession and has himself been a leader along the line of professional progress.
In June, 1897, Dr. Hamilton married Miss Janet Alills of Westmount, P. Q. Aside from his activity in the professional field Dr. Hamilton has done important public service as a director of the Young Men's Christian Association and as senator of the Montreal Wesleyan Theological College. He is an active and helpful member of the Methodist church, and his social nature finds expression in his membership in the University Club and the Montreal Country Club.
HON. MICHEL MATHIEU.
Hon. Michel Mathieu has engraven his name high upon the list of ^lontreal's eminent jurists, but has now retired from active connection with the profession, spending the evening of life in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He has passed the seventy-fifth milestone, having been born at Sorel, province of Que- bec, December 20, 1838, a son of the late Joseph and Edwidge (Vandal) Mathieu. His education was acquired under private tuition and in the College of St. Hyacinthe, followed by a professional course in Laval University. He was admitted to the notarial profession in 1864 and was called to the Montreal bar as an advocate in 1865. His practice of his profession has been combined with active public service. In 1866 he was chosen sherift of Richelieu and con- tinued in that position for six years. He successfidly practiced his profession at Sorel and while at the bar was closely associated with journalism bearing upon his profession, being the publisher of La Revue Legale, together with some annotated reports. In 1880 he was created king's counsel by the Marquis of Lome. He became widely known as an educator, for in 1886 he became a memlier of the law faculty of Laval University, receiving in that year the degree of LL. D., and Ijecoming dean of the faculty, which connection he still retains.
It is a well known fact that members of the bar more than representatives of other professions are prominent in public office. The reasons for this are obvious and need no amplification here, for the ([ualities which fit one for suc- cess in law practice also prepare him for the thorough understanding of invoKed problems affecting the public welfare, and the habit of analytical reasoning is as forceful and valuable in one connection as in the other. Judge IMathicu sat for Richelieu in the house of commons, representing the conservative interests from 1872 until 1874. He was then defeated hut represented the same con- stituency in the local parliament from 1875 "'''■' 1878. He took his place upon the bench as puisne judge of the superior court on the 3d of October, 1881, and for twenty-eight years interpreted law in o])inions which were notably free from partiality and bias. His decisions indicate strong mentality, careful analysis and a thorough knowledge of the law. The judge on the bench fails more frequently, perhajjs, from a deficiency in that broadmindedness which not only
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 85
conipreliciuis the details of a silualioii c|uiekly and that insures a complete self- control under even the most exasperating conditions than from any other cause ; and the judge who makes a success in the discharge of his multitudinous, delicate duties is a man of well rounded character, finely halanced mind and of sj^lendid intellectual attainments. That Judge Mathieu is regarded as such a jurist is a uniformly accepted fact. He figured also in public life as a royal commissioner to inquire into certain matters concerning the good government of the province in 1892. He presided at the celebrated Shortis case for murder in the '90s ; in 1910 he lectured on the Canadian constitution and in July of that year he was appointed a royal commissioner to revise, consolidate and modify the municipal code of Quebec.
Judge Mathieu was married in 1863 to Marie Delina Thirza, a daughter of the late Captain St. Louis of Sorel, province of Quebec. She died in 1870 and in 188 1 Judge Mathieu wedded Marie Amelie Antoinette, a daughter of the late Hon. D. M. Armstrong, M. L. C. The death of Mrs. Marie A. A. Mathieu occurred in April, 1898. Judge Mathieu now resides at The Marlborough in Montreal. His religious belief is that of the Roman Catholic church. Some- thing of his standing is indicated in the words of Dr. J. Reade, who spoke of him as "much esteemed, especially by the students and younger members of the bar," while the Montreal Gazette said of him, "He is a judge, painstaking and capable and with a grasp of the law and its meaning that few can equal." His influence has been far-reaching and beneficial ; it has touched the general inter- ests of society along many lines and has been a factor in maintaining the legal status upon which rests the stability and ])rosperity of a country, the life and liberty of the individual.
HON. CHARLES SERAPHIM RODIER.
Along the path of broad usefulness and activity Hon. Charles Seraphim Rodier advanced to prominence and success. He was a pioneer contractor, lumber merchant and manufacturer of Montreal and eventually came to figure prominently in tinancial circles. He was born in this city, October 14, 1818, and his life record spans seventy-two years, drawing to its close on the 26th of January, i8go. His grandfather was a physician in the French army and leaving Paris came to Canada, settling in Montreal in the middle of the eigh- teenth century. His father was Jean liaptiste Rodier, who married Miss Mon- treuil, daughter of a well known navigator who commanded vessels sailing from Montreal.
The op])ortunities accorded Charles Seraphim Rodier in his youth were somewhat limited. He pursued his education in a church school, but at the age of fourteen years put aside his text-books in order that he might earn his own living. He was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade and for his services received a wage of one dollar per day. Thus from a humble position in the business world he steadily worked his way upward until long prior to his death he had reached a place in the millionaire class. He applied himself thoroughly to the mastery of his trade and when hut eighteen years of age began contract-
86 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
ing on his own account and gained a good patronage. About the year 1846 he began the manufacture of threshing machines on St. Peter street, now St. Mar- tin, and for the remainder of his life was to be found almost daily at his office at No. 62 St. Martin. The business prospered from the beginning and machines that were made there over a half century ago are still repaired there. Each step in his business career brought him a broader outlook and wider opportuni- ties. He was the owner of freight and passenger vessels and was one of the founders of the Jacques Cartier Bank, in which he placed one hundred and forty-five thousand dollars. He acted as both vice president and director of that institution and was connected with several joint stock companies, his opinions carrying weight in their management, for his advice was always considered sound and his judgment discriminating in regard to business affairs.
Aside from his personal interests, he was for over fifty years active in pub- lic life. In 1838 he was elected alderman for St. Antoine ward of Montreal but could not take his seat until later when he became of age. For nine years he served in the council, being elected three times by acclamation. Politically he was a stanch liberal-conservative and three times he refused a senatorship, but later, at the urgent request of his family and friends, he accepted in 1888, being gazetted senator on the 17th of December, of that year, for the division of Mille Isles. He last attended parliament the week before his death and was last at his desk on the 24th of January, 1890. He gave careful- consideration to the grave questions which came up for settlement and stanchly supported any movement which he considered of vital worth. His activities also extended to other lines. He was president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society ; was warden of Notre Dame church ; and president of St. Mncent de Paul Society. He was also lieutenant colonel of the Si.xty-fourth lieauharnois Battalion at the time of its formation and he was ever a generous contributor to religious, educa- tional and charitable institutions.
Senator Rodier was united in marriage in 1848 to Miss Angelique Lapierre, a daughter of Andre Lapierre. The death of Mr. Rodier occurred January 26, 1890, when he had reached the age of seventy-two years, while his wife sur- vived until March 24, 1907. They were the parents of four sons and four daughters.
ALEXANDER C. HENRY.
In business circles of Montreal the name of Alexander C. Henry was well known, for from 1899 until his death, three years later, he was purchasing agent for the entire system of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the magnitude and importance of his duties making his position a most difficult and responsible one. He was born at Beamsville, Canada, in 1849, and after mastering the branches of learning taught in the public schools he attended the Upper Canada College, at Toronto. Subseeiuently he removed to Montreal, and gradually working his way upward in business connections became, in 1884, assistant ])urchasing agent for the Canadian Pacific Railway, and in 1899 was made general purchasing agent for the entire system. His ability, fidelity, indefatigable energy and enter-
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 87
prise l)rou<,'lit him to llic [jroniinent position which he occuiiied. At the time of his deatli Sir Thomas Shaughnessy, president of the Canadian I'acific Railway, paid high tribute to his memory and bore testimony to his honesty, w-hich was manifest in his careful accounting for every penny, although in his capacity of purchasing agent he expended over one hundred and two million dollars.
On the 30th of November, 1882, in Montreal, Mr. Henry was united in marriage to Miss Agnes Wilson, of England, and to them were born three chil- dren, two of whom are living, H. Gordon, being a resident of Cleveland, Ohio, and the other, A. Wilson, of Montreal. Mr. Henry held membership in St. James the Apostle church. He was a public-spirited citizen, active in support of any movement which he deemed of vital worth in the upbuilding and progress of the community. He belonged to St. James Club, the Forest and Stream Club and others, and he had an extensive circle of friends who held him iri tlic highest esteem. Mr. Henry passed away on February 2, 1902.
GEORGE FREDERICK BENSON.
In manufacturing and commercial circles of Montreal the name of George Frederick Benson is well known. Important business concerns have profited by his cooperation, have felt the stimulus of his energy and enterprise and have been (|uickened by his close, application and careful control. Many of Mon- treal's best known and most successful business men are numbered among her native sons, to which class Mr. Benson belongs. His father, William T. Ben- son, a native of Kendal, W'estmoreland, England, was a member of the federal parliament for the constituency of South Grenville, Ontario, in which county the village of Cardinal (formerly called Edwardsburg) is situated. There the late W. T. Benson resided for twenty-seven years, after establishing there in 1858 the industry, so well known for many years throughout the Dominion of Canada as The Edwardsburg Starch Company and now forming the Edwards- burg Works of The Canada Starch Company, Ltd. The late W. T. Benson married in England, before coming to Canada, Helen Wilson of Acton Grange, Cheshire, England, and their only son was George Frederick Benson, the sub- ject of this review.
He was educated in England at Uppingham School and Oxford University, but returned to Canada, after the sudden death of his father in 1885, to take charge of his father's varied interests. After first confining his work to the management of the firm of W. T. Benson & Company, importers of foreign wools and chemicals at Montreal, he was elected president of The Edwardsburg Starch Company in 1894, and since the formation of The Canada Starch Com- pany in 1906 he has been its president and managing director. He is likewise a director of the West Kootenay Power & Light Company, and thus his inter- ests have become extensive and important, connecting him with leading manu- facturing, commercial and industrial interests, not only in the east but also in the west.
In October, 1800, Mr. Benson was united in marriage to Miss Etheldred Norton, a daughter of the late George Frothingham of the well known firm of
88 HISTORY OF MONTREAL
Frothingham & \\'orkman, and they reside at No. 15 Ontario avenue, Montreal. Mr. Benson gives his political allegiance to the conservative party and in religious faith is an Anglican. He has been an active member of the Montreal Board of Trade, and was treasurer for the year 191 3. He has a wide acquain- tance among leading club men of the city, holding membership in a number of the most important clubs of Montreal, including the St. James. Mount Royal, Canadian, Canada, Forest and Stream, Montreal Hunt, Montreal Racquet, Royal Montreal Golf and Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Clubs. He is also a member of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club of Toronto and an active member of the Thousand Islands Yacht Club in the Thousand Islands district, where he has a most attractive summer residence.
LOUIS N. DUPUIS.
Louis N. Dupuis is one of Montreal's well known business men and citizens, whose connection with varied and important commercial enterprises in that city, has gained for him success and high standing as well as an enviable position in business and financial circles. He was born at St. Jacques I'Achigan, Montcalm county, Octol^er 17, 1855, a son of Joseph Dupuis and Euphrasie Richard. He attended Archambault's Catholic Commercial Academy now called Plateau school and entered upon his business career as junior clerk in the employ of his late brother, J. Naz. Dupuis. in 1868. While at this time, ^Ir. Dupuis was but a lad, yet he applied himself closely and learned the business rapidly.
He was one of the founders in 1876 of Dupuis Freres, Limited, one of the best known mercantile houses in Montreal, and during the first ten years of this firm's existence he took an important part in the management of its affairs and was no small factor in its success.
On the 1st of January, 1886, Louis N. Dupuis retired from the firm, since which time he has given his attention to various commercial enterprises, his sound judgment constituting an active and effective force in capable manage- ment.
Mr. Dupuis has been for a number of years extensively identified with real estate interests in Montreal, and in this connection has taken a prominent part in the city's development. He is president of the Eastmount Land Company, also president of La Compagnie General d'Immeubles. Limitee, and president of the Merchants and Employers Guarantee and Accident Company. In these companies as well as in others with which he has been identified, his sound business judgment and foresight have been substantial contributions to their success.
On the 25th of April, 1881, Mr. Dupuis was married at L'Assom])tion to Miss Marie Melanie Panct Lcvesque, the second daughter of Pierre Thomas Panet Levesque, a land surveyor. Mr. Panet Levesque was seigneur of d'Aille- boust and Ramsey, which two seigiicuries are situated in the county of Joliette, P. Q. Mr. and Airs. Dupuis have ten children, living: Anne Marie; Amelie; Pauline and Celine; Pierre Louis, a well known young advocate of Montreal who was married on the 15th of January, 1913, to Miss Carmcl Girouard,
LOraS N. DUPUIS
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 91
daughter of Joseph Giroiiard, ex-member of parliament of St. Benoit, Two Mountains; Rosaire, one of the rising young notaries of Montreal, and of whom further mention is made elsewhere in this work ; Francois ; Camille ; Roger ; and Jean.
Mr. Dupuis holds to the political faith of the conservative party and to the religious faith of the Roman Catholic church. He is a Knight of Columbus of Conseil Lafontaine and belongs to the Chapleau Fish and Game Club and the Canadian Club. Thoroughly progressive in his ideas, he has kept well informed both by reading and travel. As long ago as 1874, Air. Dupuis visited Fort Garry, now the city of Winnipeg, when the journey required fourteen days from Montreal, and too, when the Red River country was considered the "Far West." He has since then visited the Pacific coast no less than five times, as well as various sections of the United States. He is equally familiar with England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as continental Europe, as it was formerly his custom to make semi-annual trips to Europe in connection with his business affairs. He enjoys the outdoor life, especially the sports of the forest. His public service has been well performed. At the end of 1909 he was selected by the citizens committee to form part of the new administration of the city as commissioner and was elected by the city at large in the election held on the 2d of February, 1910.
ROUER JOSEPH ROY, K. C.
Rouer Joseph Roy, jurist, linguist and an interested student of literary, scientific and antiquarian subjects, was born in MiMitreal. January 7, 1821, his parents being the late Joseph Roy, M. P. P., and Amelia (Lusignan) Roy. The former, of French descent, rose to a position of prominence, representing his riding in the provincial legislature. His wife was connected with the distin- guished family of Rouer de Villeray.
Rouer Joseph Roy attended Montreal College, from whch he was graduated with honors in the presence of Lord Durham. Having determined upon the practice of law as his life profession, he entered the law office of the Hon. Mr. Sullivan in 1838 and after four years of thorough and comprehensive study was called to the bar, in 1842. Almost from the beginning his career was a successful one and after several years devoted to active law practice he was appoiiUed joint •city attorney for Montreal in 1862, filling that position continuously until 1876, when he became the sole legal advisor of the city, remaining in that office until he resigned in 1898. He afterward filled the position of consulting city attorney. In 1864 he was elected syndic of the Quebec bar and so continued for four vears. In the same year he was made c|ueen's counsel as well as being elected president of the connnittee in charge of the bar library, which office he continuously and honoral)ly filled for thirty years. In 1S87 he was unanimously chosen batonnier of the Montreal bar and the following year was chosen batonnier general of the province. He held high professional rank and on several occasions appeared before the judicial committee of the privy council 'n England.
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In January, 1857, Mr. Roy was married to Miss Corinne Beaudry, a daughter of the late Hon. J. L. Beaudry, M. L. C, who in 1857 was mayor of Montreal. Mr. Roy not only enjoyed a high reputation as a lawyer but also as a scholar, being widely known as a linguist, speaking fluently Greek, Latin, Italian and French as well as English. For many years he occupied the presidency of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society. He was one of the last survivors of the Sons of Liberty, an organization which played a most important part at the time of the rebellion of 1837. His religious faith was that of the Roman Catholic church and he filled the office of church warden of the parish of Notre Dame. His life was characterized by a nobility that lifted him above those traits which mar character and when death called him on the 27th of July, 1905, only words of commendation and respect were spoken concerning his life work. ' He had done things worthy to be written and had written things worthy to be read, and he left to posterity an unblemished name, linked with many deeds that won him prominence and honor.
CHARLES MACKAY COTTON.
A man of force, experience and capacity, Charles Mackay X^otton has made for himself an enviable position at the bar of Quebec and is numbered among the most able and successful advocates of Montreal, where he is in active practice as a member of the firm of Cotton & Westover. He was born in Durham town- ship, IMissisquoi county, Quebec, February 22, 1S78, and is a representative of a well known Canadian family of English extraction, being a son of Sheriff Cotton, a grandson of Dr. Cotton and a great-grandson of Rev. Charles Caleb Cotton, B. A. (Oxford), who came from England in 1799 and was one of the pioneer Anglican clergymen in the eastern townships.
Charles Mackay Cotton acquired his preliminary education at Cowansville Academy, Feller Institute, Grande Eigne, Quebec, and afterward entered McGill University, Montreal, from which he was graduated with the degree of B. A. in 1899, winning the high honor of the gold medal for general proficiency. From the same institution he was afterwards graduated B. C. L. in 1902, taking at this time the Macdonald scholarship. In his student days he gave every evidence of the ability and power upon which his present success is founded for besides the honors above mentioned he was class orator in science, arts and law. His recorfl in McGill University is very creditable and one of which he has every reason to be i)roud, and its promise has been fully justified by his later accom- plishments in the professional field. Mr. Cotton was called to the bar as advocate in 1902 and immediately afterwards went abroad in order to get the advantages of foreign travel and to supplement his excellent legal training by further study. He attended lectures at the law schooPof the University of Montpelier in 1903, thus completing an exhaustive and comprehensive legal education.
Mr. Cotton opened his first office in Sweetsburg, this province, practising in partnershij) with J. C. McCorkill, and proving able, farsighted and discrimi- nating in the discharge of his professional duties. From Sweetsburg he came to Montreal, and he is today one (if the representative citizens of this community.
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prominent in his profession and a leading factor in the promotion of those jiro- jects and measures which have for their object municipal growth, advancement and ])rggress. The firm of Cotton & Westover is one of the strongest of its kind in the city and connected through a wide and representative patronage with a great deal of important litigation. Mr. Cotton is recognized as an able advo- cate, possessed of a comprehensive knowledge of the law and a practical aiiility in its a]iplication, and his developed powers and wide experience are bringing him constantly increasing prominence in his chosen field.
Mr. Cotton is a member of the Anglican church and was formerly a captain in the Fifteenth ShetTord Field Uattery. A strong liberal, he takes an intelligent interest in public affairs, opposing ])olitical corruption wherever he finds it and supporting by word and action pure and clean politics. Viewed from any .stand- point his has been a useful and successful career, and the future undoubtedly holds for him further honors and continued prosperity.
WILLIAM ALEXANDER HASTINGS.
William Alexander Hastings, for many years vice president and general manager of the Lake of the Woods Milling Company, Ltd., and one of the best known men in his line of business in Canada, was born at Petite Cote, March 6, 1852, a son of George and Margaret (Ogilvie) Hastings. George Hastings came from Boston, Massachusetts, and located at Petite Cote where he was engaged in farming.
William A. Hastings pursued his education in the schools of his native city and began his business career as a clerk in the Exchange Bank. His progress was rapid and he was promoted to manager of the Bedford (Quebec) branch, and later manager of the Exeter branch. Subsequently he was appointed treas- urer of the St. Joseph (Missouri) Gas Company, serving until 1882 when he became identified with the milling business in which he achieved such notable success. In that year, with his brother, George V. Hastings, he became asso- ciated with the Ogilvie Company at Winnipeg, building and opening the flour mills there with great success. In 1888 he severed his connection with the above firm and became vice president and general manager of the Lake of the Woods. Milling Company, filling this prominent and important position until his death,, which occurred on May 23, 1903.
Mr. Hastings had thoroughly acquainted himself with the business in its. different phases so that he was well qualified to assume the control of one of the largest businesses of its kind in the Dominion, and to his rare judgment and marked executive ability is credited, to no small extent, the high degree of pros- perity enjoyed by the company whose aflfairs he so ably directed.
Robert Meighen, president of the Lake of the Woods Milling Company, said that he had been associated with Mr. Hastings for thirteen years and that any business which passed through his hands passed through the hands of God's noblest work — an honest man. Others bore equally strong testimony as to his. enterprise ami his thorough reliability. He never weighed an act in the scale
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cf public policy but always measured his deeds by the standard of upright principle.
In 1884 Mr. Hastings was united in marriage to Miss Georgina Roy Ure, daughter of the late George P. Ure, and they became the parents of the following children: Margaret Ogilvie, who died in infancy; William Roy, of Montreal; and John Ogilvie, of Montreal.
Mr. Hastings was lacking in none of the qualities which make for upright manhood and progressive citizenship, and his cooperation with any movement or plan largely insured the successful outcome of the same. In 1890 he became a member of the Corn Exchange and in 1893 was elected a member of the com- mittee of management, in which office he continued until 1898, serving for the last three years of that period as treasurer. Throughout his entire life Canada numbered him among her best citizens and the record which he made reflected credit upon the Dominion, constituting a factor in its material development.
ROBERT DENNISON MARTIN.
One of the best known men in the grain trade in Canada and one whose untimely death cut short a business career that had been highly successful and was full of greater possibilities for the future was Robert Dennison Martin, who was born at Selby, Ontario, October 18, 1854, a