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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2007 with funding from
IVIicrosoft Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/egyptianreadingbOObudguoft
®
AN
EGYPTIAN READING BOOK
FOR BEGINNERS
AN
EGYPTIAN READING B:)OK
FOR BEGINNERS
BEING
A SERIES OF HISTORICAL, FUNEREAL, MORAL, RELIGIOUS
AND MYTHOLOGICAL TEXTS PRINTED IN HIEROGLYPHIC
CHARACTERS TOGETHER WITH A TRANSLITERATION
AND A COMPLETE VOCABULARY
BY
E. A. WALL IS BUDGE, Litt. D. (Cantab.)
KEEPER OF THE EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TROBNER & CO., Ltd.
PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD
l8g6.
[ALL EIGHTS KESERVEDl
Printed by Adolphus Holzhausen, Vienna.
PREFACE.
Of the twenty Egyptian texts printed in the following pages, nine are taken from monuments inscribed in the hieroglyphic character, and eleven are transcripts into hieroglyphics from hieratic texts ; the most ancient belongs to the period of the Vlth dynasty, about B. C, 8500, and the most modern to the Ptolemaic period, about B. C. 250. The "Inscription of Una" is a fine example of the biographical texts of the Vlth dynasty; the "Inscription of Khnemu-hetep" is a good type of a similar document of the Xllth dynasty ; the inscriptions of Hatshepset and Rameses II. are short but excellent specimens of the histor- ical inscriptions of the XVIIIth and XlXth dynasties ; the ex- tracts from the great Harris Papyrus illustrate the historical and religious writings of the XXth dynasty ; the "Inscription of Pi-ankhi-meri-Amen" is a fine piece of narrative of the XXIVth dynasty ; and the Decree of Canopus illustrates the literary composition of the Ptolemaic period. Thus we have good and complete examples of the historical writings of the best periods of Egyptian history. Religious texts are represented by the "Hymn to Amen-Ra", a work belonging probably to the period of the XXth or XXIInd dynasty ; and moral texts by the works of Kaqemna and Ptah-hetep, both of which were written before the Vlth dynasty ; and funereal texts by the Stelae of Nekht-Amsu, of the XVIIIth dynasty, by the "Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys", by the "Litanies of Seker", and by
VI PREFACE.
the "Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys"; legal literature is illustrated by the account of the legal proceedings taken against certain robbers of royal tombs by the Egyptian Government in the time of the XXth dynasty ; and of works of fiction better examples than the "Tale of the Two Brothers", and the story of the "Possessed Princess of Bekhten", and the "Travels of an Egyptian" could hardly be found. Each text is complete in itself.
This series of texts was given in my Egyptian Reading Book, which appeared in 1888, and although they were printed without transliterations, and without notes or explanations, they seemed to fill a want. Several friends who used the book, however, pointed out that its usefulness would have been greater if the lines of Egyptian had been broken up into words, and if a complete transliteration and vocabulary had been added. With the view of making the work as useful as possible I recopied the texts, dividing them into words, and I wrote transliterations of them and made a complete vocabulary ; the result is the book now before the reader. In dividing the words I have been guided solely by the wish to make them easily distinguishable, and in transliterating them I have followed the old system sanctioned by Birch, Lepsius and others, for in spite of its defects it is, in my opinion, as good as any which has been suggested. Where possible, I have added a number of references to each word in the Vocabulary, so that the student may compare their use in several passages, for this, after all, is frequently the only way in which the true meaning of a word can be ascertained. The exact meanings of many of the words which occur in works like the "Precepts of Ptah-hetep" can only be guessed at, and the explanations of many of them given in the vocabulary must be' understood to be little more than suggestions as to their
PREFACE. VII
meanings ; to illustrate the use of verb or noun I liave erred on the side of giving too many references rather than too few. No pains have been spared to make the vocabulary complete. With the view of helping the beginner English versions of a few of the texts have been added, and it is hoped that these may smooth his way and lead him to the perusal of the others in the volume.
London, August 2gth, i8g6.
E. A. WALLIS BUDGE.
I
CONTENTS.
Preface. I. English translations : —
1. The Tale of the Two Brothers ...
2. The Possessed Princess of Bekhten
3. The Litanies of Seker
4. Colophons
5. The Stelae of Nekht-Amsu ...
6. The Battle of Kadesh
7. The Annals of Rameses 111.
8. A Hymn to Amen-Ra.
XVII
XXVIII
XXXII
XXXV
XXXVI
XL
XLIII
L
II. Hieroglyphic texts with transliterations : —
I. The Tale of the Two Brothers 1 — 40
A transcript into hieroglyphics from the hieratic text of the D'Orbiney Papyrus, Brit. Mus. No. 10, i83. The hieratic text has been published by Birch, Select Papyri, II, plates IX— XIX ; by Moldenke, The Tale of the Two Brothers ; and by Reinisch, Aegypiische Chrestomathte, Taff. 22 — 40. For discussions on the text and translations see Revue Archeologique, tom. IX, p. 385 (ist Series) ; Atlantis, vol. IV, pp. 23 — 57 ; Goodwin, Cambridge Essays, pp. 232 — 239; Brugsch, Ein altdgyptisches Mdrchen, * p. 7 ff. ; Revue Archeologique, N. S., t. XXXV, pp. 164 — 179; Records of the Past, Old Series, vol. II, p. i33 ff. ; Groff, Etude sur le Papyrus d'Orbiney, Paris, 1888 ; Maspero, Contes Egyptiens, pp. 5 — 42.
I. This work is bound up as the second part of Aiis dem Orient, Berlin, 1864, but it is really a separate publication, and it has its own distinct pagination.
x contents.
2. The Possessed Princess of Bekhten 40—49
For other copies of this text see Rosellini, Monumenti Storici, torn. II, tav. 48 ; Prisse, Monuments Egyptiens, pi. 24; and for translations see de Rouge, Journal Asiatique, ^ serie, torn. VIII, pp. 201 — 248 ; torn. X, pp. 112 — 168 ; torn. XI, pp. 509 — 572; torn. XII, pp. 221 — 270; and Records of the Past, O. S., vol. IV, pp. 58 — 60.
3. J The Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys ... 49 — 75
4. 1 Colophon 76 — 78
Transcripts into hieroglyphics from the hieratic text of a Rhind Papyrus, Brit. Mus. No. 10, 188. Extracts from the papyrus have been published by Pleyte, Recueil de Travaux, torn. Ill, p. 57 ff.; and the complete text, with transliteration and translation, have been published by myself in Archaeo- logia, vol. LI I.
5. The Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys ... 78 — 87
A transcript into hieroglyphics from the hieratic text of the Berlin papyrus No. 1425, published by Dr. J. de Horrack under the title Les Lamentations d'Is/s et de Neph- thys; for an English translation see Records of the Past, O. S., vol. II, pp. Ill — 120.
6. The Litanies of Seker 87—96
Transcript into hieroglyphics from the hieratic text of a Rhind Papyrus, Brit. Mus. No. 10188. The complete text of the papyrus, with transliteration and translation, has been published by myself in Archaeologia, vol. LII.
7. The Inscription of Una 96 — 107
For other copies of the text and translations see de Rouge, Recherches sur les Six premieres dynasties, Paris, 1866 ; Er- man, Aegyptische Zeitschrift, 1882, pp. i — 29 ; and Records of the Past, O. S., vol. II, pp. 3—8.
8. The Inscription of Khnemu-hetep 107 — 119
For other copies of the text and translations see Burton, Excerpta Hieroglyphica, plates XXXIII— XXXIV ; Champol- lion, Motiuments, torn. 11, pp. 418 — 422; Lepsius, Denk-
CONTENTS. XI
7?ii)7er, II, Bll. 125, 126; Brugsch, Monuments Egyptims, plates 15 — 17; B.e,m\sch^ Aegyptische Chreslomaihie, I, Bll. i — 4; Newberry, Be7ii Hasan, Part I, plates 25, 26 ; Brugsch, Ge- schichte, pp. i3g — 148 ; Maspero, Recueil de Travaux, torn. I, pp. 160 — i6g ; and Records of the Past, O. S., vol. XII, pp. 67—76.
9. Inscriptions on the base of the Obelisk of Hxt-
SHEPSET 119 — 126
For other copies of the text see Prisse, Monuments, pi. 18 ; and Lepsius, Denhndler, III, BI. 22 ; and for trans- lations see Melanges d' Archeologie Egyptienne et Assyricnne, torn. Ill, p. 90; and Records of the Past, O. S., vol. XII, pp. i3i — 136.
10,11. Inscriptions of Nekht-Amsu 126 — 134
For other copies of the text see Prisse, Monuments, pi. 17; Sharpe, Eg}>ptian Inscriptions, pi. io6 ; and Lepsius, Dcjikmakr, III, Bl. 114?'. A part of one text w^as trans- lated in the Deutsche Revue, Bd. VII, p. 78 ; and both texts have been published with transliteration and trans- lation by myself in Trans. Soc. Bill. Arch., vol. VIII, pt. 3, pp. 299 — 346.
12. The Battle of Kadesh 134 — 141
For other copies of the text and translations see Cham- pollion. Monuments, pll. XXVII — XXIX ; Lepsius, Denhndler, III, Bl. 187 ; Revue Archeologique, F*^ serie, 1858 ; and Revue Con- temporaine, 1868. The text of this inscription here given is that of Guieyesse {Recueil de Travaux, torn. VIII, pp. 126 — i3i).
i3. Annals of Rameses III 142 — 184
A transcript into hieroglyphics from the hieratic text of the great Harris Papyrus, Brit. Mus. No. 9, 999, plates I — 9, 20, and 75 — 79. The complete hieratic text was published by Birch, Facsimile of an Egyptian Hieratic Papyrus of Rameses III, and for translations see Chabas, Recherches pour servir a Vhistoire de la XIX'' Dynastie, pp. 75 — 79 ; Aegyp- tische Zeitschrift, 1872, p. 119 ff.; 1873, pp. 9, 84, 65, 97,
XII CONTENTS.
152, and pp. 49; 98, 154; 1874, pp. 23—25; and Re- cords of the Past, O. S., vol. VI, pp. 23 — 70, vol, VIII, pp. 5 — 52. A glossary to the whole papyrus entitled Dictionnaire du Papyrus Harris No. i was published by Dr. Karl Piehl at Vienna in 1882.
14. The Stele of Pi-ankhi-meri-Amen 184 — 225
For other copies of the text and translations see Ma- riette, Monuments Divers, pi. i — 6 ; de Rouge, Chres- tomathie, fasc. IV; and Records of the Past, O. S., vol. II, PP- 75—98.
15. The Decree of Canopus 225 — 240
The hieroglyphic and Greek texts of this decree have been published by Lepsius, Das bilingue Decret von Kanopus, 1866 ; an English translation may be found in Records of ike Past, vol. VIII, pp. 83—90.
16. f The Precepts of Kaqemna 241—244
17. 1 The Precepts of Ptah-hetep 244 — 274
Transcripts into hieroglyphics from the hieratic text of the Prisse Papyrus ; see Facsimile d'un papyrus egyptien en caractlres hieratiques, Paris, 1847. For explanations and trans- lations of these difficult texts see Chabas, Revue Archeologique, V^ serie, torn. XV, p. i ff. ; Aegyptische Zeitschrift, 1870, pp. 81, 97 ; Lauth, Sitzungsberichte der Konigl. Bayer. Akad. der Wissen- schafien zu Milnchen, 1869, 1870 ; and Virey, Etudes sur le Papyrus Prisse, Paris, 1887.
18. The Travels of an Egyptian 275 — 294
A transcript into hieroglyphics from the hieratic text of Brit. Mus. No. 10247, PP- 18 — 28. For editions of the text and translations see Birch, Select Papyri, pll. 52 — 62 ; Chabas, Voyage d'un Egyptien., Paris, 1866; Goodwin, Cam- bridge Essays, pp. 267-^269 ; and Records of the Past, O. S., vol. II, pp. loi — no.
19. HYxMN to Amen-Ra 294 — 305
A transcript into hieroglyphics from the hieratic text of Bulak Papyrus, No. 17. For editions of the text, in
CONTENTS. XIII
hieratic and hieroglyphics, and for translations, see Ma- riette, Les Papyrus Egyptiens du Musie de Boulaq, torn. II, pll. II — 1 3 ; Grebaut, Hymne a Amnion- Ra ; Goodwin, Trans. Soc. Bill. Arch., vol. II, p. 250 ff. ; and Records of the Past, O, S., vol. II, pp. 121 — i3o.
20. The Spoliation of the Tombs 3o6 — 332
A transcript into hieroglyphics from the hieratic text of the Abbott Papyrus, Brit. Mus. No. 10221. For editions of the text and translations see Birch, Select Papyri, II, pll. I — VIII ; Chabas, Melanges, 3" serie, torn. I, Paris, 1870, pp. I — 172 ; Maspero, Une Enquete Judiciaire, Paris, 1871 ; and Records of the Past, O. S., vol. XII, pp. io3 — 115.
III. Vocabulary 337 — 592
Errata 593
I
TRANSLATIONS
The Tale of the Two Brothers.
(See pp. I — 40.)
I. Now there were once two brethren, [the children] of the same father and mother ; Anpu was the name of the elder, and Bata was the name of the younger. Now Anpu had a house and a wife, and his young brother lived with him in the con- dition of a menial, for it was he who made clothes for him, and he used to follow and tend his cattle in the fields ; it was he who did the ploughing, it was he who laboured, and it was he who carried out all the works concerning the fields. And behold, his young brother was a good farmer whose like
existed not in all the land of Egypt And for many
days afterwards, his young brother used to go out after his cattle according to his daily wont, and he came back each evening to his house laden with all kinds of vegetables of the fields, which when he had returned from the meadows he placed before his great brother, who was sitting with his wife ; and when he had drunk and eaten he went to bed in the cow- byre with his cattle. And at daybreak on the morrow after the bread -cakes were baked he laid them before his elder brother, and having provided himself with bread for [his need] in the fields, he drove out his cattle to let them feed in the fields. And as he tended his cattle they said to him, "In such and such a place the herbage is good," and he hearkened unto everything which they said, and he led them to the place where II. the herbage which they loved grew abundantly ; and the cattle which were before him grew exceedingly fine, and they increased and multiplied exceedingly.
\
XVI 1 1 TRANSLA TIONS.
And when the season for ploughing had come, then Anpu said to Bata, "Come, let us take our teams and plough, for the land hath again appeared, and it is in good condition for ploughing ; do thou then go into the fields with the grain [to-day], for we will begin to plough at daybreak to-morrow ;" this was what he said to him, and his young brother did every- thing even as his elder brother had commanded him. And it came to pass at daybreak on the following day that they went forth into the fields with their teams, and they ploughed, and
their heart was exceedingly glad by reason of their work
And some time afterwards while they were in the fields [work- ing] the elder brother sent the younger, saying, "Run quickly and bring wheat from the homestead ;" and the younger brother found the wife of his elder brother sitting [doing] her hair, and he said to her, "Rise up and give me wheat. III. that I may run back to the fields, for in sending me my elder brother [wished] that no delay should be caused." And she said, "Go and open the granary, and do thou thyself carry away that which thy heart desireth, lest [if I rise up] my hair fall in going." Then the young man went into his byre and brought out a large jar, for his desire was to carry away much grain, and he filled it with wheat and barley, and as he was coming out with them she said to him, "How much hast thou on thy shoulder?" And he said to her, "Of barley three meas- ures, and of wheat two ; in all, five measures ; that is what I have on my shoulder ;" that is what he said to her. Then she spake unto him, saying, "There is great strength in thee, for I have watched it daily ;" and her heart knew him with the desire of love, and she rose up being filled with him, and she said to him, "Prithee let us lie together for a season, and if thou wilt consent verily I will make for thee fine raiment." Then the young man became like a raging wild beast of the south with fury by reason of the shameful words which she I had spoken to him ; and she feared exceedingly. And the young man spake with her, saying, "Verily thou hast been in my sight as a mother, and thy husband as a father, for he is
THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS. XlX
older than I, and he hath made me to live. How IV. shame- ful are the words which thou hast spoken to me ! do not re- peat them. I myself will not speak of them to any one, and I will not allow them to escape from my mouth to any living person ;" [and thus saying] he took up his load and went into the fields, and he came to his elder brother, and they con- tinued their toil unbrokenly.
And towards the evening the elder brother returned to his house, and the younger brother [followed] after his cattle, and he loaded himself with all the produce of the field, and drove his cattle before him to put them to bed in their byres in the homestead ; and behold the wife of the elder brother was afraid by reason of the words which she had spoken, and she took rancid (?) fat, and she made herself to appear like one who hath been evilly entreated by a ravisher, wishing to say to her husband when he should return according to his daily wont at eventide, "It is thy young brother who hath treated me thus violently." And when Anpu came into his house he found his wife lying prostrate and ill like unto one on whom violence had been committed ; she poured no water upon his hands, accord- ing to her daily wont, she lit no fire before him, his house was in darkness, and she was lying prostrate and sick and ill. Her husband said to her, "Who hath had converse with thee?" and she said to him, "None hath had converse with me except thy V, young brother. When he came to fetch corn for thee, he found me sitting by myself, and he said to me, 'Prithee let us lie together for a season ; tie up thy hair.' That was what he said to me, but I did not hearken unto him. [And I said], Behold, am I not thy mother ? and is not thy elder brother in thy sight as a father ? That was what 1 said to him. And he was afraid, and he entreated me evilly that I might not tell thee of it. If thou lettest him live, I shall die, and behold, moreover, when he cometh home at eventide, inasmuch as I have told thee of his shameful words, what he will do [to me] is manifest."
And the elder brother became like a raging wild animal of the south, and having sharpened his dagger he took it in his hand,
b*
XX TRANSLATIONS.
and stood behind the door of his byre to slay his young brother when he came in there at eventide to put to bed his cattle in their stalls. And at sunset the younger brother loaded himself with field produce of all kinds according to his daily wont, and when he had come home and the leader of the herd was going into her byre, she said to her keeper, "Verily thy elder brother is standing in front of thee with his dagger [in his hand] to slay thee ; flee from before him." And having heard the speech of the cow which went first, as VI. the second went into the byre she spake unto him in like manner, and looking under the door of his byre he saw the feet and legs of his elder brother who stood behind the door with his dagger in his hand ; and setting down his load upon the ground he betook himself to flight with all speed, and his elder brother pursued him with his dagger [in his hand]. And the younger brother appealed to Rn^-Harmachis, saying, "O my fair lord, it is thou who judgest wrong from right ;" and Ra listened to all his words. And Ra caused a great stream filled with crocodiles to come be- tween the young man and 'his elder brother, and thus one stood upon one side, and the other upon the other ; and the elder brother smote his hand twice because he had not been able to slay him. That was what he did. And the younger brother called out to him from one side, saying, "Wait until daybreak, and when Aten riseth VII. I will plead with thee before him, for it is he that setteth the crooked straight. And as for me I shall nevermore live with thee, and I shall nevermore abide in any place wherein thou art ; and I shall go to the Valley of the Cedar."
Now when it was daybreak on the morrow, and Ra-Har- machis had risen, each one looked upon the other, and the young man spake again to his elder brother, saying, "How couldst thou pursue me to slay me basely without having heard what my mouth had to say ? But I am indeed thy young brother, and thou thyself hast been to me like a father, and thy wife hath been to me as a mother. And behold, when thou didst send me to bring wheat for us, did not thy wife
THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS. XXI
say to me, 'Prithee let us lie together awhile ?' but see, she hath turned the matter into something quite different." Then he made him to understand everything which had taken place between his wife and himself, and he took an oath by Ra- Harmachis, saying, "Verily thy lying in wait for me craftily in secret behind the door (?) with thy dagger [in thy hand] was a foul and abominable thing [to do]!" and taking a flint knife he mutilated himself and threw the piece into the water where a ndr hsh swallowed it ; and VIII. he became weak and fainted from exhaustion. And the heart of the elder brother was smitten with exceeding great grief, and he wept loudly because he did not know how to cross over to where his young brother was by reason of the crocodiles. Then his young brother cried out to him, saying, "Behold, thou wouldst keep in remembrance one evil act, and yet thou wouldst not keep in mind either one good deed, or even one thing of all those which I have done for thee. And now, go thou to thy house and tend thine own cattle, because I will never abide in the place where thou art ; I am going to the Valley of the Cedar. And as concern- ing that which thou shalt do for me when thou comest to minister unto mc, give heed unto the account of the things which shall happen unto me. I shall enchant my heart, and I shall place it upon the top of the flower of the cedar. Now the cedar will be cut down and my heart will fall to the ground, and thou shalt come to seek for it, even though thou pass seven years in seeking it, but when thou hast found it put it in a vase of cold water, and in very truth I shall live, and make answer to him that would attack me. And thou shalt know when these things have happened unto me [by this sign] ; when one putteth a vessel of beer in thy hand, and it frotheth over, tarry not when this hath actually happened to thee." And he went to the Valley of the Cedar, and his elder brother went to his house with his hand laid upon his head which was covered with dust and ashes ; and when he had come into his house he slew his wife and threw her to the dogs, and he sat down in grief for his younger brother.
XXII TRANSLATIONS.
And it came to pass some time afterwards that the younger brother was living in the Valley of the Cedar, and that no one was with him, and he used to pass his time in hunting the beasts of the mountain, and at eventide he came to sleep under the cedar upon the top of the flowers of which was his heart. And some time IX. afterwards he built himself with his own hands, in the Valley of the Cedar, a house which was filled with all kinds of beautiful things, for he wished to found a house for himself. And it came to pass that as he came out from his house he met the cycle of the gods who were going forth to do their will in all the earth, and they spake to one of their number who said to Bata, "O Bata, bull of the cycle of the gods, dost thou dwell alone having fled from thy native town before the wife of Anpu, thy elder brother? Behold, he hath slain his wife, and thus hast thou returned answer to him to all the attacks [which he made] upon thee ;" and their hearts grieved for him exceedingly. Then Ra-Harmachis said to the god Khnemu, "Do thou fashion a wife for Bata, that thou mayest not dwell alone" ; and Khnemu fashioned a help- meet to dwell with him. Now she was more beautiful in her person than any other woman in all the earth, for every god was contained in her. And the seven Hathors came to look upon her, and they spake with one voice, saying, "Her death will be caused by the knife ;" and Bata loved her with an ex- ceeding great love, and she dwelt in his house while he passed his time in X, hunting the beasts of the mountain and in bringing them to lay before her. And he said to her, "Go not forth from thy house lest the stream seize thee, and I know not how to deliver thee therefrom because I myself am a woman like unto thee ; for my heart is placed upon the top of the flowers of the cedar, but if another man cometh I will do battle with him therefor." And he revealed to her his whole and entire mind.
And some days after when Bata had gone out to hunt ac- cording to his daily wont, the young woman went out to walk under the cedar tree which was near unto her house, and she
THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS. XXIIl
saw the water of the stream pursuing her, and she fled from before it into her own house ; and the stream cried to the cedar, saying, "Verily I long for her." And the cedar brought [to it] a lock of her hair, and the stream carried it to Egypt and laid it upon the place of the washermen of Pharaoh, may he live, and be strong and in good health ! Now the smell of the lock of hair clung to the garments of Pharaoh, and there arose strife among the washermen of Pharaoh [because] one said, "There is a smell of scent in the garments of Pharaoh :" so there arose strife among them daily, and XI. they knew not what they were doing, and the overseer of the washermen of Pharaoh went to the stream's side with an exceedingly sore heart on account of the strife which they made with him daily, and he placed himself there. Now he stood on the bank opposite to the lock of hair which was in the water, and he made a man go down and bring it to him, and he found the smell exceed- ingly pleasant, and he took it unto Pharaoh. Then the scribes and learned men of Pharaoh were brought unto him, and they said to him, "Verily this lock of hair belongeth to a daughter of Ra-Harmachis, and the essence of every god is in her; . .
send envoys into every land to seek her, but
with the envoy who is going to the Valley of the Cedar thou must send many men to bring her ;" and his Majesty said, "That which ye have spoken to us is exceedingly good," and the king caused envoys to set out with all speed.
And it came to pass some time afterwards that the men who had been sent into foreign lands came to report to His Majesty, but those who had gone to the Valley of the Cedar came not with them, for Bata had slain them all except one to tell the tale to His Majesty. Then His Majesty caused men and picked soldiers and cavalry likewise to fetch [the daughter of Ra- Harmachis] and to bring her there, and there was XII. with them a woman who gave into her hands all kinds of beautiful trinkets for women, and this woman came to Egypt with [the daughter of Ra-Harmachis]; and there were rejoicings for her throughout the whole land. And His Majesty loved her ex-
XXIV TRANSLATIONS.
ceedingly and. made her the "Great Sacred Lady", and when one spake with her to make her tell concerning the condition of her husband, she said to His Majesty, "Prithee cut down the cedar, and thou wilt slay him ;" and he caused men and soldiers to go with their axes to cut down the cedar, and they went forth to the cedar and cut off the flowxrs upon which was the heart of Bata, and he fell down dead at that moment. And it came to pass at daybreak on the morrow after the cedar had been cut down, that Anpu the elder brother of Bata went into his house and sat down, and when he had washed his hands one put into them a vessel of beer which frothed over, and one gave him another vessel of wine, and it also was thick and clouded (?). Then he took his XIII. staff, and his sandals, and garments, together with his tools for work, and he betook himself straightway to the Valley of the Cedar, and going into his brother's house he found his young brother lying dead upon his bed. And as he looked upon his young brother lying in death, he wept, and he went to search for the heart of his young brother under the cedar where he used to lie in the evening ; and he passed three years in seeking for it, but he found it not, and when the fourth year came on his heart desired to go to Egypt, and he said, "I will depart to-morrow." That was what his heart said. And it came to pass at day- break on the following day that he walked under the cedar and passed his time in seeking it, and he returned in the even- ing, and again he devoted time to seeking it ; and he found a fruit, and having turned it over and sought beneath it, behold the heart of his young brother. Then he brought a vessel of cold water, and placed it therein, and he sat down according to his daily wont. And it came to pass that when the night was come XIV. the heart had absorbed the water, and Bata trembled in all his members, and he looked at his elder brother, and his heart was helpless. Then Anpu his elder brother took the vessel of cold water in which was the heart of his young brother, [and behold], it had drunk it up, and his heart was in its proper place, and it had become to him as it had ever
THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS. XXV
been ; and each embraced the other, and each spake with his fellow. And Bata said to his elder brother, "Behold, I am going to turn into a great bull wholly [covered] with beautiful hair, but whose methods (?) are unknown. Sit thou upon [my] back when the Sun riseth, and when we are in the place where my wife is, I will return [to her] an answer [to all the attacks which she made upon me]. Then shalt thou take me where the King is, for all manner of good things will be done for thee, and thou shalt be laden with gold and silver because thou hast brought me to Pharaoh, for I am going to become a very marvellous thing, and there will be rejoicings on my account throughout the whole earth ; then shalt thou return to thine own city."
And it came to pass XV. on the morrow that Bata took the form of which he had spoken to his elder brother. Then Anpu his elder brother mounted on his back at daybreak, and he came to the place where the king was, and one showed the bull to His Majesty, and he looked upon him and rejoiced in him exceedingly, and he celebrated a great festival in his honour, saying, "This which has happened is a most marvellous thing ;" and rejoicings were made for him throughout the whole earth. And one loaded his elder brother with silver and gold, and he dwelt in his own city, and one gave him many men and many things, and Pharaoh loved him exceedingly, more than any one else in all the earth. And it came to pass that some time after- wards the bull went into the place of purification and stood where the sacred lady [his wife] was, and he spake with her saying, "Behold, I live in very truth ;" and she said to him, "Who then art thou ?" and he said to her, "I am Bata. Thou hast understood how to make Pharaoh cut down the cedar together with my dwelling-place, and hast not even allowed me to live, but behold XVI. I live in very truth in the form of a bull ;" and the sacred lady feared exceedingly at the words which her husband had spoken unto her. And when she had come forth from the place of purification His Majesty sat with her and passed a happy day with her, and she was at His
XXVI TRANSLATIONS.
Majesty's table, and he was exceedingly gracious unto her. And she spake unto His Majesty, saying, "Swear an oath to me in God's name, saying, 'Whatsoever thou sayest, to that will I listen';" and he listened unto everything which she spake, saying, "Give me, I pray, the liver of this bull to eat, for he will never be of any use ;" this was w^hat she said to him. And His Majesty grieved exceedingly at that which she had said to him, and the heart of Pharaoh was very sad indeed. And it came to pass at the dawn of the morrow^ that the [priests] proclaimed a great festival with offerings in honour of the bull, and His Majesty caused one of his first royal work- men to go and slay the bull ; and it fell out that, after one had killed him, and he was [being carried] upon the shoulders of the men, he shook his neck, and cast two drops of blood near the two great portals of His Majesty, and one fell upon one side of Pharaoh's door, and the other fell upon the other, and they grew up into two great trees, XVII. each one of which was verv fine. And one went and told His Majesty, saving, "Two mightv trees have grown up for His Majesty in a most miraculous manner during the night near the great door of His Majesty ;" and there were rejoicings for them throughout the whole land, and His Majesty made offerings unto them.
And it came to pass some time after this that His Majesty rose like the sun from the lapis-lazuli chamber, wearing wreaths made of all kinds of flowers around his neck, and he [sat] in his chariot of smu metal, and he came forth from the royal palace to see the two trees, and the sacred ladv came forth [in a chariot drawn by] two horses by Pharaoh's side ; and His Majesty sat under one of the trees, [and the sacred lady sat under the other. And the tree under which she sat, that is to say Bata], spake to his wife, saying, "Alas, thou faithless one!
I am Bata, and I am alive It is thou who hast known
how to make Pharaoh cut down the tree by which was my dwelling; then I took the form of a bull, and thou didst cause me to be slain." And it came to pass some time after- wards that the sacred lady was at His Majesty's table, and he
THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS: XXVII
was exceedingly gracious unto her, and she spake unto him, saying, "Swear an oath to me in God's name, saying, 'What- soever the sacred lady shall say unto me, I will listen unto ; let her say on'." And he listened unto everything XVIII. which she spake, saying, "I pray thee let these two trees be cut down, and then they will make them into fine planks" ; and His Majesty listened unto all that she spake. And some time afterwards His Majesty caused skilful workmen to go and to cut down Pharaoh's trees, and as the royal spouse, the sacred lady herself stood looking on, a splinter flew off and went into the sacred lady's mouth, and she swallowed it and conceived
and His Majesty did for her everything which
she desired. And it came to pass some time afterwards that she gave birth to a man-child, and one went and told His Majesty, saying, "A man-child is born unto thee;" and one brought the child to him, and one gave him a nurse and ser- vants of the bed-chamber. And His Majesty made rejoicings throughout the whole land, and he sat down to pass a happy day, and one began to call the child after His Majesty, who loved him exceedingly, and homage was paid to him under the title, "Royal, sacred son of Kush." XIX. And it came to pass some time afterwards that His Majesty made him an Erpdi of the whole countrv, and after some time, when he had for many years ruled the whole country as Erpdi^ His Majesty flew up to heaven. And Bata said, "Let the chiefs and nobles of His Majesty be brought to me that I may cause them to know all the things which have happened to me," and one brought to him his wife, and he entered into judgment with her before them, and one carried out their decree. And one brought to him his elder brother, and he made him Erpdt over all his country, and when he had reigned over Egypt for twenty years he departed this life, and his elder brother stood in his room [until] the day of his death.
Here happily endeth this book which hath been written by Qakabu the scribe of the treasury, of the treasury of Pharaoh, the scribe Heru-a, and the scribe Mer-em-aptu. It was com-
XXVIII TRANSLATIONS.
posed by the scribe Annana, the master of books. Whosoever readeth in this book, may Thoth make himself his guardian.
The Possessed Princess of Bekhten.
(See pp. 40—49-)
Horus, the mighty Bull, crowned with crowns, stablished in royalty, like the god Temu, the golden Horus, who wieldeth the sword with might, the subduer of the hostile tribes, the King of the North and of the South, the lord of the double country, fUser-Maat-Ra-setep-en-RaJ, the son of the Sun, and offspring of his body, TRameses-meri-Amen, beloved of Amen and Amen-Ra the lord of all the thrones in the world, and of the entire com- pany of the gods, the lords of Thebes. The beloved of the beautiful god, the son of Amen, born of Horus, begotten by Horus of the two horizons, the glorious offspring of the lord of the universe, begotten by his mother's husband, the King of the country of black mud (/. e., Egvpt), the ruler of the ruddy deserts, the Prince who hath led all hostile tribes captive. As a new- born babe he set his forces in battle array and took command thereof, and scarcely was he born before, like a valiant bull, he drove [all] before him ; the King is a Bull, and like the god Menthu doth he show himself on the day of battle, and he is great, and mighty, and strong, like the son of Nut (/. e., Osiris).
Now, behold, according to his wont year by year, His Majesty the King was in Mesopotamia, and the chiefs of all the lands there came to pay homage unto him, and to entreat his good- will and favour, and [the people of] the countries round about brought unto him their offerings of gold, lapis-lazuli, turquoise, and every kind of thing which that divine land produceth, upon their backs, and each chief sought to outdo his fellow. And it came to pass that when the Prince of the country of Bekhten was bringing his offerings and tribute, he placed his eldest daughter at the front thereof, to show his reverence for His Majesty, and to gain favour before him. Now she was a very
THE POSSESSED PRINCESS OF BEKHTEN. XXIX
beautiful girl, and His Majesty thought her more beautiful than any other girl he had ever seen before, and the title of "Royal spouse, mighty lady, Ra-neferu," was straightway given to her, and when His Majesty had arrived in Egypt she became in very truth the "Royal spouse".
And lo ! it came to pass on the twenty-second day of the second month of the summer of the fifteenth year of His Majesty, that the King was in Thebes, the mighty city, the mistress of [all other] cities, performing the ceremonies of father Amen, the lord of the thrones of the world, during the beautiful festival in the Southern Apt, the place which he hath loved from times of old, when, behold, one came and told His Majesty, saying, "An ambassador of the Prince of Bekhten hath arrived, bringing with him a multitude of gifts for the Royal spouse."
And when he had been led into the presence of His Majesty together with his offerings, he spake words of fealty and homage to him, saying, "Glory and praise be to thee, O thou Sun of the Nations, grant that we may live before thee." And when he had given utterance to his words of homage, at the same time prostrating himself with his head down to the ground before His Majesty, he spake again, and said before him, "I have come unto thee, O my Sovereign and Lord, on behalf of the lady Bent-reshet, the younger sister of the Royal spouse Ra-neferu, for, behold, an evil disease hath laid hold on her body. I beseech thy Majesty to send a physician to see her."
And His Majesty said, "Let the men who are learned in the knowledge of books and the books of the learned ones be brought to me." And when they had been led in before him. His Ma- jesty straightway said, "I have caused you to be summoned in order that ye may hear these words which 1 am about to say. Let there be brought in to me from out of your company a man wise of heart and cunning with his hands." And it came to pass, when the Royal scribe Tehuti-em-Heb had come into the presence of His Majesty, that he ordered him to set out on a journey to the land of Bekhten, together with the ambassador from that land. Now, when that physician had accomplished the
XXX TRANSLATIONS.
Journey into the land of Bekhten, he found the lady Bent-reshet in the state of a woman of whom a demon had taken possession, and he found himself utterly unable to contend against him successfully.
And it came to pass that the Prince of Bekhten sent an am- bassador a second time unto His Majesty, saying, "O my Sove- reign and Lord, I beseech thy Majesty to command that a god be brought [unto this country to heal my daughter]."
Now on the twenty-sixth day of the first month of the season of inundation, during the time of the celebration of the festival of Amen, His Majesty was in Thebes, and he went a second time into the presence of the god Khonsu Nefer-hetep in Thebes, and said, "O my fair Lord, I have come once again into thy presence [to entreat] thee on behalf of the daughter of the Prince of Bekhten." Then the god Khonsu Nefer-hetep in Thebes was brought in to Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonder- ful, the great god, the vanquisher of the hosts of darkness, and His Majesty spake in the presence of Khonsu Nefer-hetep in Thebes, saying, "O my fair Lord, turn then thy face upon Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonderful, the great god, the vanquisher of the hosts of darkness, and do thou most graciously grant that he may go into the country of Bekhten." And His Majesty spake yet again, saying, "Grant, then, that thy saving power may go with him, and let me send his divine Majesty unto Bekhten to deliver the daughter of the Prince of that land from the power of the demon."
And behold the god Khonsu Nefer-hetep in Thebes granted his request, and he bestowed upon Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonderful in Thebes, his saving power in a fourfold measure.
And His Majesty commanded them to send Khonsu, who per- formeth mighty things and wonderful in Thebes, on his journey in a boat, together with five other boats, and a multitude of chariots and horses accompanied them on the right hand and on the left ; and the god arrived in Bekhten after travelling one year and five months.
THE POSSESSED PRINCESS OF BEKHTEN. XXXI
And the Prince of Bekhten, together with his soldiers and his nobles, came forth to meet Khonsu, who performeth mightv things and wonderful in Thebes, and he threw himself upon his face, saying, "Thy coming unto us at the sending of the King
of Northern and Southern Egypt, TUser-Maat-Ra-setep-en-Ra^,
is grateful unto us and welcome." And the god Khonsu went to the place wherein was the lady Bent-reshet, and he bestowed his saving power upon the daughter of the Prince of Bekhten, and she was healed straightway. And the demon which had pos- sessed her spake before Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonderful in Thebes, "Grateful and welcome is thy com- ing unto us, O great god, the vanquisher of the hosts of dark- ness ; Bekhten is thy city, the inhabitants thereof are thy slaves, and I am thy servant ; and I will depart unto the place whence I came that I may gratify thee, for unto this end hast thou come hither. And 1 beseech thy Majesty to command that the Governor of Bekhten and myself may hold a festival to- gether."
And the god Khonsu graciously granted this request, and spake to his priest, saying, "Let the Prince of Bekhten make a great festival in honour of the demon." Now, while the god Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonderful in Thebes, was arranging these things with the demon, the Prince of Bekhten and his army stood by in exceedingly great fear.
The Prince of Bekhten made a great festival in honour of Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonderful in Thebes, and of the demon of the Prince of Bekhten, and they passed a happy day together ; and by the command of Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonderful in Thebes, that de- mon departed in peace unto the place which he loved.
And the Prince of Bekhten and all those who were in that country rejoiced exceedingly, and he conceived a design in his heart, saying, "The god Khonsu shall be made to abide in the country of Bekhten, and I will not allow him to depart into Egypt," and the god Khonsu tarried in Bekhten for three years, four months, and five days.
XXXII TRANSLATIONS.
And it came to pass on a day that the Prince of Bekhten was sleeping upon his couch, and he saw in a dream the god Khonsu come out from his shrine : now he was like unto a hawk of gold, and he flew up into the air and departed to the land of Egypt. And when he woke up, he was stupefied with terror, and he spake unto the priest of Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonderful in Thebes, saying, "The god hath departed from us, and hath made his way into Egypt ; we must now send his chariot back to Egypt."
And the Prince of Bekhten gave the command, and the god set out for Egypt, and he gave unto him multitudes of offerings and gifts of all kinds of precious things, and he went accom- panied by many soldiers and horses. And when he had made the journey to Thebes in peace, Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonderful in Thebes, departed to the temple of Khonsu Nefer-hetep in Thebes, and he laid before him all the offerings and gifts of all kinds of precious things which the Prince of Bekhten had given him, and he did not devote to his own temple anything of it all.
And so Khonsu, who performeth mighty things and wonderful in Thebes, returned to his own temple happily on the nineteenth day of the second month of spring in the thirty-third year of the King of Northern and Southern Egypt, TUser-Maat-Ra-setep- en-Ra , the giver of life, like the Sun, for ever and ever.
The Litanies of Seker.
(See pp. 87—94.)
XVIII. (i) The Litanies of the bringing in of Seker ; to be recited in addition to the mysteries already said. (2) Hail, prince, who comest forth from the womb. [3>) Hail, eldest son of prim- eval matter. (4) Hail, lord of multitudes of aspects and evolu- tions. (5) Hail, golden Disk in the temples. (6) Hail, lord of time and bestower of years. (7) Hail, thou everlasting lord of life. (8) Hail, lord of myriads and millions. (9) Hail, thou who shinest in rising and in setting. (10) Hail, thou who makest beings to
THE L I TANIES OF SEKER. XXX 1 1 1
be joyful, (ii) Hail, thou lord of terror, thou fearful one. (12) Hail, thou lord of multitudes of aspects and divinities. (i3) Hail, thou who art crowned with the white crown ; thou master of the urerer crown. (14) Hail, thou sacred babe of Horus, praise ! (15) Hail, son of Ra, who sittest in the boat of millions of years. (16) Hail, restful leader, come to thy hidden place. (17) Hail, lord of terror self-produced. (18) Hail, Still-heart, come to thy town. (19) Hail, thou who causest acclamation to be made, come to thy town. (20) Hail, thou Darling of the gods and goddesses. (21) Hail, thou who dippest thyself in the water, come to thy temple. (22) Hail, thou who dwellest in the un- derworld, come to thy offerings. (23) Hail, thou protector, come to thy temple. (24) Hail, thou growing one. Moon god, illum- ining the Disk. (25) Hail, sacred flower of the great temple.
(26) Hail, thou who bringest the sacred cordage of the sekti boat.
(27) Hail, thou lord of the hetmu boat, thou becomest young in the secret place. (28) Hail, thou perfect Soul who dwellest in the underworld. (29) Hail, thou sacred Visitor of the North and South. (So) Hail, thou hidden one, unknown to mankind. (3i) Hail, thou who givest light to him that is in the under- world that he may see the Disk. XIX. (i) Hail, thou lord of the atef crown, thou great one in Henensu (Heracleopolis).
(2) Hail, thou mighty one of terror in the town of trees (Nart).
(3) Hail, thou who art in Thebes, who flourishest for ever.
(4) Hail, Amen-Ra, thou king of the gods, who makest thy limbs to grow in rising and setting. (5) Hail, [thou who receivest] oblations and offerings in Re-stau (/. e., the passages of the tomb).
(6) Hail, thou who placest the crown upon the head of its lord.
(7) Hail, thou who stablishest the earth upon its foundations.
(8) Hail, thou who openest the mouth of the four great gods who are in the underworld. (9) Hail, thou living soul of Osiris, diademed of the Moon. (10) Hail, thou who hidest thy body in the great coffin in Annu (Heliopolis). (i i) Hail, mighty one, thou hidden one, Osiris in the underworld. (12) Hail, thou who unitest thy soul to heaven, thine enemy hath fallen. (i3) The goddess Isis crying out saith, Hail from the river, (14) thou
XXXIV TRANSLATIONS.
who separatest the abfu fish from the front (15) of the boat of Ra, thou lord of the excretion which turneth into the rejoicing gods, (16) thou egg which turneth into the Lake of Hen. She cutteth off the heads (17) of the rebels in her name of "Lady of Tep-ahet" (Aphroditopolis). (18) Lord of excretion, thou comest in front of the heads in her name of (ig) "Hathor, lady of emerald, lady of Thebes". (20) Thou comest in peace in her name of "Hathor, lady of Thebes". (21) Thou comest in peace, O Tait, in her name of "Lady (22) of peace". Thou comest in front to overthrow her enemy (23) in her name of "Hathor, lady of Henensu" (Heracleopolis). (24) O Golden one, thou comest in peace in her name of "Hathor, (25) lady of Mem- phis", Thou restest near Neb-er-tcher in her name of "Hathor, lady of the Red Water". The Golden one riseth near her father (26) in her name of "Bast", and advanceth over (27) the temples near the great double house in her name of "Sati". (28) Thou who makest the earth green, thou leadest the gods in her name of "Uatchit". (29) Hathor gaineth the mastery over the fiends in her name of "Sekhet". (3o) Uatchit gaineth the mastery over the fire in her name of "Lady of Ammu". (3i) She hath per- fume upon her head and hair in her name of "Neith".
XX. (i) Hail, ye gods, by reason of his virtues. (2) Hail, Hathor, Lady of Thebes. (3) Hail, Hathor, Lady of Henensu. (4) Hail, Lady of Tep-ahet. (5) Hail, Hathor, Lady of Nehau. (6) Hail, Hathor, Lady of Rehsau. (7) Hail, Hathor, Lady of Red Water. (8) Hail, Hathor, Lady of the turquoise land. (9) Hail, Hathor, lady of Memphis. (10) Hail, Hathor, Lady of Uaua. (11) Hail, Hathor, Lady of Ammu. (12) Hail, Hathor, Lady of Amem. (i3) Hail, Hathor, Lady of the city of Sixteen (Lycopolis). (14) Hail, ye nine smert, come ye bearing your father Osiris on your hands, (15) come ye with divine adorations (or amulets) (say four times). (16) Hail, crown of the festival, (say twice) thou prince. (17) Hail, thou rejoicest the nurses whom thou lovcst. (18) Hail, thou livest, thou livest, for ever! (19) Hail, thou makest festival for ever. (20) Hail, thou adored one, thou passest over the ways. (21) Hail, thou who art established in
THE LITANIES OF SEKER. XXXV
the celestial Tattu. (22) Hail, thou god, who hearest songs of adoration (?), hail, thou who hearest songs of adoration (?) from the mouth of the divine nomes. (23) Hail, thou that comest forth from thy two eyes, thou divine son, thou prophet. (24) Hail, thou who art protected by amulets when thou speakest. (25) Hail, protect me, O great one, to do thy pleasure. (26) Hail, protect me, O great one, to do thy will, (27) Hail, the one who resteth, that is to say Still-heart, cometh to thee. (28) Hail, son of the prophet, the festal service is recited for thee. (29) Hail, thou whose name is established in the celestial Tattu, (3o) Hail, thou who art sweet of smell in the celestial Tattu. (3i) Hail, thou who comest to destroy the fiends. (32) Hail, thou who comest to praise the Babe, XXL (i) Hail, thou who strikest thy fear into the evil-hearted
(2) (3) Hail, thou rebel, who hatest the temple, death
is driven into thy throat. (4) Hail, the lord of the celestial Tattu cometh, he hath repulsed the rebel. (5) To be recited by players on tambourines sixteen times.
(6) Here endeth the book.
COLOPH.ON. May their names be established and be made per- manent and never be destroyed before Osiris, Horus, Isis, Neph- thys, and the gods and goddesses whose names are written in this book, in the presence of the gods and goddesses, whosoever they are, who are in the underworld and within the mighty and secret pylons which are there. May these names be made to come forth in the mighty underworld. Mayest thou be pro- claimed by them in the boat of Ra ; mayest thou have given to thee by them sepulchral meals upon the table of the great god in the course of every day ; mayest thou have given to thee by ithem fresh water and incense such as are given to the mighty kings of the north and south who are in the underworld; may there be given to thee by them the power to come forth and to go forward among the favoured ones of Osiris at the head of those who are in the underworld ; and may they grant to thee that the rays of the disk shall fall upon thy body daily.
c*
XXXV I TRANS LA TfONS.
COLOPHON.
(See pp. 94—96.)
If any person from any foreign land whatsoever, whether he be Negro, or Ethiopian, or Syrian, shall remove this book, or any thief shall carry it off, may his body never come into the Presence ; may he never be placed in the cool region ; may he never breathe the breezes of the north wind; may neither son nor daughter arise to him from his seed ; may his name never be remembered on earth through his children ; and may he never see the beams of the disk. But if any person shall look upon this book and shall so act that my name and my double be established among the favoured ones of Osiris, may this be done likewise for him after his death in return for what he hath done for me.
Stelae of Nekht-Amsu.
(See pp. 126—134.)
I. (i) The first day of the fourth month of shai (/. e., time of the inundation) of the fourth year of the reign of the majesty of Horus Ra, the mighty bull, the king diademed with saffron crowns, the king of the North and South, the most mighty ruler, the conqueror of the land of the Asiatics, the golden hawk, the just prince, the sustainer of the two lands [of Egypt], (2) the king of the North and
South, the prince of the Nine bows TRa-kheperu-ari-Maat , the son of the Sun, the offspring of his body, the lord of diadems, ^Ai "the divine father" and prince of Thebes , beloved of Osiris, the lord of Abydos, the giver of life. (3) [May all the gods of the] north and south and Anubis upon his hill give glory in heaven, and power upon earth, and triumph in the underworld ! May they allow me to go in and come forth from my tomb ; may my majesty (4) refresh its shade; may I 'drink water out of my cistern daily ; may all my limbs germinate ; may the Nile give me (5) bread and all manner of green things at its season ; may [1] pass over the length of my land daily without ceasing ; may
STELA E OF NEKHT-AMSU. XX X V 1 1
my soul alight (6) upon the branches of the trees which I have planted ; may 1 refresh myself under my sycamores ; may I eat of the food which they give ; (7) may I have my mouth where- with I may speak even like the followers of Horus ; may I come forth from heaven ; and may 1 come down to earth. Let me not be shut out upon (8) the way ; let there not be done unto me that which my ka hateth ; and let not my soul be carried away captive. Let me rise up among the favoured ones and among the venerable ones ; (g) let me plough my homestead in Sekhet-Aaru and let me attain to the "Fields of Peace"; let them come forth to me with vessels [of beer] and with cakes, (10) the cakes of the lords of eternity ; let me receive my meat from the basket of flesh which is upon the altar of the great god. [Let these things be done] for the double of the first prophet of Amsu, Nekht-Amsu, who saith, (11) "I have done what was pleasing unto me and the will of the gods. For this reason 1 have given bread to the hungry ; 1 have satisfied the needy with food; I have followed (12) the god in his house; my mouth hath not spoken haughtily against the noble ones ; there hath been no undue extension in my stride, for 1 walked measuredly ; I performed the right and truth which were beloved of the king ; (i3) I observed what commands he gave and 1 watched in my station ready to exalt his will ; I stood up to praise him daily ; 1 gave my attention to what (14) he said without ever hesitat- ing at what he determined with reference to myself; I made myself master of uprightness and integrity, and 1 comprehended concerning which things I ought to preserve silence; (15) and my lord was gracious to me and favoured me for my good deeds, because he saw that my hands were vigorous through my heart, and he advanced my station greatly, and set me in [his] council chamber." [These things he did] for the (16) person of the overseer of the prophets of the lords of Apu (Panopolis), trium- phant, who saith, "O [all] ye who live upon earth, who will live for eternity and for ever and for aye, O ye priests and (17) ■ readers of Osiris, O every one learned in divine tradition, when ye enter my tomb and pass through it, recite ye sacred words
XXXVIII TRANSLATIONS.
by the side of [this] my sepulchral tablet, and make ye mention of my name, without fail, (i8) in the presence of the lords of right and truth. And your God shall shew favour unto you, and ye shall hand on your dignities to your children after ye have lived to a ripe old age, provided that ye say : — (tg) May Osiris grant a royal oblation to the overseer of works in the Temple of Ai ; and may the tomb of Nekht-Amsu, the venerable one, the prince, the first prophet of Amsu and Isis, abide for ever in the abode of eternity."
II. (i) The first day of the fourth month of the season shot of the fourth year of the reign of the majesty of Horus-Ra, the mighty bull, the king diademed with saffron crowns, the king of the North and South, the most mighty ruler, the conqueror of the land of the Asiatics, the golden hawk, the just prince, the sustainer of the two lands [of Egypt], (2) the king of the North and South, the prince of the Nine bows, fRa-kheperu-ari-Maat the son of the Sun, the offspring of his body, his beloved one, the lord of diadems fAi, the "divine father" and prince of Thebes', beloved of Osiris, the lord of Ta-tchesert, the giver of life. (3) May Amen-Ra, the lord of the thrones of the two lands, and Ptah-Seker-Ausar Unnefer, lord of Re-stau, give a royal oblation. May they give sepulchral meals and oxen, and feathered fowl, and linen garments, and thousands of every kind of good and pure things, and thousands of every kind of (4) sweet and pleasant things, which heaven bestoweth, and which the earth produceth, and which the Nile bringeth forth from his source, [and may they grant me] to breathe the sweet breezes of the north wind, to eat bread (5), to gather flowers, and to enjoy meat and drink the produce of the Sekhet-Aaru in felicity. May I walk along (6) the road of eternity among the sainted doubles and spiritual beings of light ; may I perform my transformations at will among the servants of Un-nefer, may I go in and come out from the underworld ; (7) may my soul be turned not back when it willeth [to come forth] ; may it come forth like a living soul ; may I drink water from the depths of the stream ; may I receive cakes (8) from the lord of eternity ; may I come into
I
STELAE OF NEKHT-AMSU. XXXIX
the presence every day [as well as] on the festival of the new moon, on the festival of the month, on the festival of the sixth day, on the festival of the half month, on the festival of Uaka, on the festival of Thoth, (g) on the festival of the rising of Amsu, on the festival of the rising of Sothis, on the festival of the great heat, on the festival of the little heat, on the festival of the "things of the altar", and on all the festivals of the re- teiving of Nile water of Osiris [which are celebrated] at the be- ginning of the seasons of the (lo) lord of the gods.
A hymn of praise to Ra when he riseth, a hymn of adoration to Ra when he setteth in life. May he (/. e., Nekht-Amsu) breathe the wind which cometh forth from the horizon — the full blast of the north wind which cometh (J. e., bloweth) (ii) on both sides ; may his name be proclaimed ; may [his] hand be stretched out over oblations, and provisions, and sepulchral offer- ings when he is invoked ; may he receive water at the two hands of the ka priest; (12) may he gain possession of bread and beer from the table at which his double is pleased [to appear] ; may he eat meat at the table of the god Neb-er-tcher, at the table of the lords of eternity ; (i3) may pure meat and drink be given to him from the meat and drink of Un-nefer ; may he travel along in the boat of the underworld to the lands of (14) the Sekhet-Aaru ; may he open up the ways and pass along the roads ; may he follow the god Seker in Re-stau ; may he be not turned back at the (15) door of the Tuat ; may he take his fill there of wine and milk and receive ointment, and unguent, and eye paint [which] rejoiceth the heart, and clothing and (16) linen garments ^ — he the double of the overseer of the double store- house of all the gods in Taqahti and of Amsu in Khenti, the first prophet of Amsu and Isis in Apu (Panopolis), Nekht-Amsu, triumphant, who offereth (17) divine offerings to the gods and sepulchral meals to the spiritual beings of light for the king of
the North and South (Ra-kheperu-ari-Maat life, health and
strength ! May he be established, may he endure like heaven, may he renew himself like Amsu (?). And may prayers (18) be made for his salvation for millions of years to all the gods by
XL TRANSLATIONS.
the real royal relative who loveth him, Nekht-Amsu, who saith, "Hail ye gods who are in heaven ! Hail ye gods who are on (19) earth ! Hail ye gods who are in the Tuat, who transport Ra and who lead along the beautiful god to the western horizon of heaven, let my words come to you (20) like the entreaties of a servant before his lord, and be gracious unto me. I was favoured by [my] sovereign upon earth, grant ye that I may also rest in peace in my everlasting habitation, and grant that I may jom
The Battle of Kadesh.
(See pp. 134— 141.)
The ninth day of the third month of the season shemu {i. e., summer) of the fifth year of the reign of Horus-Ra (xhe. mighty bull, beloved of Maat^, the king of the North and South, fUsr- maat-Ra setep-en-Ral, the son of the Sun fRameses, beloved
of Amen , the giver of life for ever. Behold now, his Majesty was in the country of Tchah on his second expedition of victory. A good look-out [was kept] in life, strength and health in the camp of his Majesty on the southern side of Kadesh. His Majesty rose up like Ra and put on the ornaments of the god Menthu, and the lord continued on his journey and arrived at the southern border of the city of Shabtun. And two members of the Shasu people came and spake to his Majesty, saying, "Our brethren who are among the chiefs of the tribes who are in league with the abominable prince of Kheta have made us come to his Majesty to say, 'We are [ready] to render service to Pha- raoh, (life, health and strength) !' and they have broken with the abominable prince of Kheta. Now the abominable prince of Kheta is encamped in the land of Aleppo, to the north of the country of Tunep, and he is afraid to advance because of Pharaoh, life, health, and strength." In this wise did the Shasu speak ; but they spake to his Majesty lying words, for the abom- inable prince of the Kheta had made them come to spy out
THE BATTLE OF KADESH. XLI
the place where his Majesty was, so that he might not be able to arrange his forces in a proper way to do battle with the abominable prince of the Kheta.
And behold, the abominable chief of the Kheta had come to- gether with the chiefs of every district, and with the footmen, and with the horsemen whom he had brought with him in mighty numbers, and they stood ready to fight drawn up in ambush behind the abominable city of Kadesh, his Majesty hav- ing no knowledge whatever of their plans. So his Majesty marched on and arrived at the north-west side of the abominable city of Kadesh, and there he and his troops encamped. Now his Majesty was sitting on his smu metal throne when two of the spies who were in the service of his Majesty brought in two spies of the abominable chief of the Kheta. And when they had been led into his presence his Majesty said to them, "Who a*nd what are ye ?" And they replied, "We belong to the abominable prince of the Kheta who made us to come to see where his Majesty was." His Majesty said to them, "Where is this abom- inable chief of the Kheta ? Verily I have heard that he is in the country of Aleppo." They replied, "Behold, the abom- inable chief of the Kheta standeth [ready] and multitudes [of the peoples] of the districts are with him ; he hath brought them with him in vast numbers from all the provinces of the country of the Kheta, and from the country of Mesopotamia, and from the whole country of Qetti. They are provided with footmen and with cavalry fully equipped, and they are like the sand of the sea shore for multitude ; and behold, they are drawn up in fighting order but are concealed behind the abominable city of Kadesh." Then his Majesty caused his chief officers to be called into his presence that he might make them to know every matter which the two spies of the abominable prince of the Kheta who had been before him had spoken. And his Majesty spake unto them, saying, "Enquire into the actions of the of- ficers of the peoples and of the chiefs of the district where Pha- raoh (life, health, and strength !) is [encamped]." They did so, and reported to Pharaoh (^iife, health, and strength !) that the
XLII TRANSLATIONS.
abominabJe chief of the Kheta was in the land of Aleppo whither he had fled before his Majesty as soon as he had heard the report of him, and that, indeed, [the officers and chiefs] should have reported these things correctly to his Majesty. [And his Majesty replied], "See now what 1 have made you to know at this time through the two spies of the country of Kheta, namely that the abominable chief of the Kheta hath come together with [the peoples of] a multitude of countries, and with men and with horses, like the sand for multitude, and that they are standing behind the abominable city of Kadesh ; is it possible that the officers of the districts and the princes of the country wherein Pharaoh (life, health and strength!) now is — under whose direction the district is — did not know this?" Now when these things had been said to them the officers who were in the presence of his Majesty admitted that the officers of the country and the princes of Pharaoh (life, health and strength !) had com- mitted a gross breach of duty in not reporting to them the var- ious places to which the abominable chief of the Kheta had marched.
And it came to pass that when they had spoken his Majesty issued an order for the officers who were in charge of the troops that were marching to the south of Shabtun to bring their troops as quickly as possible to the place where his Majesty was. Now whilst his sacred Majesty was sitting and talking with his of- ficers, the abominable prince of the Kheta came together with his footmen, and cavalry, and the multitudes of people who were with him, and they crossed over the canal at the south of Kadesh and came upon the soldiers of his Majesty who were marching along in ignorance of what was happening. Then the footmen and cavalry of his Majesty lost their courage and rushed on headlong to where his Majesty was, and the troops of the abominable prince of the Kheta surrounded the servants who were round about his Majesty. When his Majesty saw them he raged at them like his father Menthu, the lord of Thebes, and, putting on his armour and seizing his spear, like the god Baru in his moment, he mounted his horse and dashed forward alone
THE ANNALS OF RAMESES III. XLIII
among the troops of the abominable prince of Kheta and among the multitudes which he had with him. His Majesty, like the most mighty god Sutekh, made slaughter among them, and he cut them down dead into the waters of the Orontes. [He saith], "1 conquered all countries, I was quite alone, my footmen and cavalry had forsaken me, and no man among them dared to come back [to save] my life. But Ra loved me, and my father Tmu had a favour for me, and every thing which my Majesty hath said I performed in very truth before my footmen and before my cavalry."
The Annals of Rameses III.
(See pp. 142—161.)
I. (i) The sixth day of the third month of the season she7}iu {i. e., summer) of the thirty-second year of the reign of the king
of the North and South, (User-Maat-Ra-meri-Amen , L. H. S
1 .
the son of the Sun, [Rameses, prince of Annu , L. H. S. ; beloved
of all the gods and goddesses ; (2) the king diademed with the white crown like Osiris ; the prince rising in Akert (/. e., the un- derworld) like Tum ; . . . . great house within Ta-tchesert ; traversing eternity and everlastingness as king of the underworld ;
the king of the North and South (User-Maat-Ra-meri-Amen , the
son of the Sun, (Rameses, prince of Annu , L. H. S. ; the great
god (3) who declareth with adoration, and praise, and thanks- giving the numerous glorious and mighty actions which he did as king and prince on earth for the temple of his sacred father Amen-Ra, the king of the gods (4), and Mut, and Khonsu, and all the gods of Thebes ; and for the temple of his sacred father Tum, the lord of the two lands of Annu (Heliopolis), and Ra- Heru-khuti, and lusaaset, and Nebt-hetep, and all the gods of Annu ; and for the temple of his sacred father (5) Ptah, the mighty one of the southern wall, lord of the life of the two lands, and Sekhet greatly beloved of Ptah, and Nefer-Tum protector of
I. /. c, life, health, strength!
XLIV ' TRANSLATIONS
the two lands ; and for all the gods of Memphis, the sacred fathers, and for all the gods and goddesses of the South and (6) North ; and all the splendid and noble acts which he wrought for the people of all the land of Egypt ; and how he gathered them all together at one time that he might make (7) the divine fathers, and all the gods and the goddesses of the South and North, and all men, and all the pa/, and all the rehhit, and all the hememet to see the many glorious and most splendid deeds (8) which he wrought on earth whilst he was the great prince of Egypt.
III. (i) The adoration, and praise, and mighty and splendid deeds which he wrought for the Temple of his sacred father Amen-Ra, the king of the gods, and for Mut and Khonsu, and for all the gods of Thebes. (2) Saith the king TUser-Maat-Ra-
meri-Amen
, L. H, S., the son of the Sun, (Rameses, prince of
Annu
L. H. S., the great god, in making adoration to his father, this same sacred god Amen-Ra, the king of the gods, the matter which had already in the earliest times come into being, (3) the divine god who created himself, the god who lifteth the hand and who exalteth the a/^ crown, the maker of things which are, the creator of things which shall come into being, the god who is hidden both from men and from gods, lend me thine ears,
0 lord of the gods, (4) and hearken unto the words of praise which
1 speak unto thee. Grant thou to me that I may come unto thee to thy city Thebes the hidden, O thou who art god in the com- pany of the gods who are under thy leadership, who restest in Neb-ankh, thy holy place, (5) opposite to the sacred statue of thy court. Grant that I may be joined unto the gods, who are the lords of the underworld like my father Osiris, the lord of Ta-tchesert ; grant that my soul may be like unto the souls of the company of the gods who rest near thee in the (6) everlast- ing horizon ; give breath to my nostrils, and water to my soul, and let me eat of the substance and matter of the food of thy divine offerings ; let my sacred Majesty abide continually in thy presence (7) like the great gods the lords of Akert ; may I enter in and come forth from thee as do they ; do thou direct my soul.
THE ANNALS OF RAMES^S III. XLV
even as thou dost direct theirs, against my enemies ; and esta- blish thou the offerings obligatory for my (8) double by an ever- lasting stablishing which shall endure for ever and for ever. I have become king upon earth and prince of living men and women, and thou hast established the divine diadem upon my head even as thou hast made thy way in peace to the sacred temple. (9) Thou hast taken thy seat upon thy double throne with joy of heart, and 1 am established upon the throne of my father, even as thou hast made Horus to sit upon the throne of Osiris. I have neither injured nor wronged (10) any in the matter of his throne ; I have not transgressed that which thou didst command me [to do] ; and thou hast given peace and rest unto my subjects, and every land praiseth thee. 1 consider the things which I have caused to be made [for thee], (11) which I have wrought as king and I will double [my] manifold great and glorious deeds [for thee]. I made for thee the sacred Temple of Millions of Years which is [situated] on the mountain of Neb-ankhtet opposite to thee.
IV. (i) It is built of sandstone, and bdait stone, and black basalt, and it hath portals and doors made of fine chased copper; its pylons are built of stone and tower into heaven, (2) and they are inscribed and sculptured with the chisel in the mighty name of thy Majesty. I built a wall round about it, and I caused to be built therein staircases and inside chambers made of sandstone. (3) I dug a lake in front of the temple which I filled to over- flowing with the water of heaven, and I planted [the sides there- of] with flowering trees and shrubs like unto [those of] the land of the North. I filled its treasuries with the products of the districts of Egypt, (4) and with gold, and silver, and precious stones of all kinds by hundreds of thousands. Its granaries were filled to overflowing with wheat and grain, and the cattle of its fields were as numerous as the sand of the furrows. I laid under contribution for it (5) the land of the South as well as the land of the North, the land of Phoenicia, and the land of Tchah, and it contained the results of their labours and was filled with the captives whom thou didst give to me from among the nine
XL VI TRANSLATIONS.
peoples of Pet, and with young men who amounted [in number] to tens of thousands. (6) I sculptured for thee thy mighty image, which was to rest within the temple and the sacred name of which was, "Amen comprising eternity," and 1 ornamented it with real jewels like the double horizon wherein he riseth ; it is a joy to him that beholdeth it. (7) I made for it libation slabs, and vessels of pure gold, and countless instruments of silver and bronze. 1 multiplied the divine offerings which were obligatory before thee, cakes, wine, ale, fat feathered fowl, (8) oxen, calves, cattle of various kinds, antelopes, and gazelles which were due to its place of slaughter. I dragged along mighty monuments as large as mountains made of fine white marble and alabaster, (9) and I sculptured them and made them to be set at the right and left of the doorway of the temple, and they were inscribed with the great name of thy Majesty for ever. [And I made] other statues of maa and bdatt stone (10) together with plinths of black basalt to be set therein. And I sculptured figures of Ptah-Seker, and of Nefer-Tum, and of the company of the gods, the lords of heaven and earth, to be set in its shrine, which was wrought with fine gold and (11) silver, and was inlaid with jewels and real precious stones, and was of the finest work possible. 1 made for thee a sacred chamber of the king within it, like unto the chamber of the god Turn which is in heaven above ; the pillars and (12) folding-doors were made of fine copper, and the great opening for the coronation of the god was of fine gold. I made for the temple boats wherein to load corn and grain and wherein to carry it to
V. (i) its granary incessantly. I made for the temple a store- house and huge barges to sail on the river laden with manifold things for the sacred storehouse. (2) 1 surrounded the temple with gardens and summerhouses and booths, the trees of which were laden with fruits and flowers for thy two faces ; I built their cottages with (3) windows, and 1 dug a lake in front of] them which was planted with lilies. (4) 1 made for thee a hidden horizon in thy city of Thebes which faced thy courtyard, and for the gods of the Temple of TRameses, prince of Annul, L.
THE ANNALS OF R AMESES 11 f. XLVII
H. S., in the Temple of Amen, "Established in heaven with the disk" [is its name]. (5) I built and fashioned it with sand- stone and it had great doors [made] of tine gold ; I filled its storehouses with the things which both my hands brought to set before (6) thy face daily. I made the southern Apt to keep a [constant] feast by reason of the mighty monuments [which I placed therein]. I built for thee a temple therein like unto the double throne of Neb-er-tcher, namely, the Temple of fRameses, prince of Annu , L. H. S., (7) uniting gladness in the Apts, I caused to be built again monuments to thee in Thebes, the mighty city, the place where thy heart reposeth, near to thy-
self, namely, the place of f Usr-Maat-Ra-meri-Amen , L. H. S.,
in the House of Amen. (8) [I built] likewise the shrine of Neb- er-tcher of a marvellous kind of stone, and I ornamented it with works [to last] for ever ; the posts of the doors were of maa stone and the folding-doors of gold, and I provided it with a staff of men, and I endowed it with property of every kind by hundreds of thousands. (10) I made for thee a hidden shrine cut out of one piece of beautiful maaJ stone, and the doors thereof were of bronze chased and inscribed with thy divine name; (ii) inside it rested thy noble image, like that of Ra in his double horizon, established upon its throne for ever and for ever in thy great and sacred court. (12) I made for thee a great table for offerings of chased silver inlaid with fine gold, and with figures in gold, and with figures of the lord, L. H. S., in gold ornamented with di- vers designs, for the offerings and oblations which are to be made duly to thee.
VI. (i) I made for thee a great shrine in thy court wrought with figures in fine gold and with precious stones, and [1 made] its vessels of gold for the wine and ale which are offered unto thee every morning. (2) I made for thee chambers wherein the festivals of the "shewing of the face" were to be celebrated, and I provided them with manservants and maidservants, together with cakes, and ale, and oxen, and feathered fowl, and wine, and incense, and fruits, and herbs, and flowers, for the holy offerings which are to be made before thee daily, for ever. (3) I made
XLVIII TRANSLATIONS.
for thee holy amulets of gold and precious stones, and large collars, and chains of the finest gold wherewith to tie them to thy body at each time of thy majestic rising on thy great and sacred throne in the Apts. (4) I made for thee an image of the lord in worked and chased gold to rest in the place to which it belongeth in thy holy shrine. (5) I made for thee large tablets of gold inlaid and inscribed with the great name of thy Majesty and with [the account of] my thanksgivings. (6) I made for thee other tablets of silver inlaid and inscribed with the great name of thy Majesty and with the decree [for the foundation of] the temple. (7) I made for thee large tablets of silver inlaid and inscribed with the great name of thy Majesty ; they were en- graved by the chisel with the proclamations and with the decrees for the foundation and maintenance of the temples which I had built in Ta-mera (8) during my reign over the land to proclaim thy name for ever and for ever. O be thou their pro- tector and their advocate ! (g) I made for thee other tablets of worked bronze, they were made of a six-fold (?) composition and were of the colour of gold, and they were inscribed and engraved by the chisel with the great name of thy Majesty, and with the foundation decrees of the house and of the temples likewise, (10) and with the manifold praises and thanksgivings which were made to thee, whereat thou wert graciously pleased to listen, O lord of the gods. (11) I made for thee a huge laver of pure silver, the edge of which was made of gold inscribed with thy name, with a cover (?) beaten out of pure silver ; [and I made] a huge bath (?) of gold having a cover and legs. (12) 1 made also the images of the deities Mut and Khonsu which 1 caused to be newly modelled in the gold foundry, they were made of fine gold chased and engraved, and they were set with jewels and inlaid with precious stones of the workmanship of Ptah. They had collars before and behind, (i3) and they were sup- plied with fine gold fittings, and [the gods] were graciously pleased with the noble things which I wrought for them.
VII. (i) I made for thee great tablets for thy storehouse in- laid with fine gold and with designs in choice gold ; they had
THE ANNALS OF RAMESES III. XLIX
large edges with inlayings of silver and had golden figures which reached down to the ground. (2) I dedicated to thee ten times ten thousand measures of grain for the perpetual maintenance of thy divine offerings, which [I ordered] to be transported to Thebes every year to supply in abundance thy granaries with corn and grain. (3) I brought to thee captives from the Pet nations and tributes from native and foreign lands to thy court- yard ; I made the Theban road to be like the leg which bore offerings in abundance to thee. (4) I added festal seasons to the yearly festivals whereon offerings were made to thee at each time of thy manifestation, and they were provided with cakes, and ale, and oxen, and feathered fowl, and wine, and incense, and fruits without number ; for these I laid the princes and of- ficers under a new contribution in addition to the benefits which I had already conferred upon thy double. (5) I hewed out for thee thy sacred boat [called] User-hat, one hundred and thirty cubits long, to sail upon the water ; it was made of cedar and acacia (?) wood of marvellous quality, and it was studded with fine gold. It rode upon the water like the bark of Ra when he proceedeth onwards to Mount Bakhat ; at the sight thereof (6) all men lived. It had a great double cabin within it made of fine gold, set with jewels of every kind, which was like unto the Temple of the "God of the awful face" ; of gold from front to back it was laden with uraei wearing the a^ef crown. (7) I brought Araby and Somali land to thee with their fragrant unguents to pervade thy Temple each morning, and I planted sycamores and incense-bearing trees in thy courts ; the like of them had never before been seen. (8) I made for thee boats, and ships, and sailing craft [manned] by armed crews to sail upon the Med- iterranean Sea, I appointed to them captains and officers of the crews together with countless mariners, and [commanded] them to bring the products of the land of Tchah and of the remote countries of the world to thy great treasuries in Thebes the mighty. (9) I dedicated to thee cattle from the South and North, and oxen, and feathered fowl, and beasts by hundreds of thousands, and inspectors, and scribes, and overseers, and officers,
d
L TRANSLATIONS.
and numerous shepherds to give fodder unto the beasts which were to be offered to thy double during all thy festivals ; and thereat was thy heart graciously pleased, O ruler of the com- pany of the gods. (lo) I made for thee vineyards in the Southern Oasis and in the Northern Oasis, and countless others likewise in the South, and in the land of the North they also existed by hundreds of thousands ; and I provided them with gardeners taken from the captives from foreign lands. There was a lake . . .... (ii) planted with lilies and provided with vessels and wine like a water-course to bring them as offerings to thee in Thebes the mighty. (12) I planted thy city Thebes with trees, and with flowering plants and shrubs, and with trees bearing sweet smell- ing blossoms for thy nostrils. (i3) I built a house for thy son Khonsu in Thebes of fine sandstone, and of bdaif stone and black basalt, and I inlaid its folding-doors with gold and with figures of fine copper like the horizon of heaven.
Hymn to Amen-Ra.
(See pp. 294—305.)
"A hymn of praise to Amen-Ra, the bull in Annu (Heliopolis), president of all the gods, beautiful god, beloved one, the giver of the life of all warmth to all beautiful cattle !
"Hail to thee, Amen-Ra, lord of the thrones of the two lands, at the head of the Apts (Karnak). The bull of his mother, at the head of his fields, the extender of footsteps, at the head of the "land of the South", lord of the Matchau, prince of Araby, lord of the sky, eldest son of earth, lord of things which exist, establisher of things, establisher of all things.
"One in his times, as among the gods. Beautiful bull of the cycle of the gods, president of all the gods, lord of Law, father of the gods, maker of men, creator of beasts, lord of things which exist, creator of the staff of life, maker of the green food which makes cattle to live. Form made by Ptah, beautiful child, beloved one. The gods make adorations to him, the maker of things
HYMN TO AMEN-RA. LI
which are below, and of things which are above. He shines on the two lands sailing through the sky in peace. King of the South and North, the SUN (Ra), whose word is law, prince of the world ! The mighty of valour, the lord of terror, the chief who makes the earth like unto himself. How verv many more are his forms than those of any (other) god ! The gods rejoice in his beauties, and they make praises to him in the two great horizons, at (his) risings in the double horizon of flame. The gods love the smell of him when he, the eldest born of the dew, comes from Araby, when he traverses the land of the Matchau, the beautiful face coming from Ncter-ta (/. e., Arabia and So- mali land). The gods cast themselves down before his feet when they recognize their lord in his majesty, the lord of fear, the mighty one of victory, the mighty of Will, the master of diadems, the verdifier of offerings (?), the maker of tchefau food.
"Adorations to thee, O thou maker of the gods, who hast stretched out the heavens and founded the earth ! The untiring watcher, Amsu-Amen, lord of eternity, maker of everlastingness, to whom adorations are made (literally, lord of adorations), at the head of the Apts, established with two horns, beautiful of aspects; the lord of the urseus crown, exalted of plumes, beautiful of tiara, exalted of the white crown ; the serpent mchen and the two uruei are the (ornaments) of his face ; the double crown, helmet and cap are his decorations in (his) temple. Beautiful of face he re- ceives the atef crown ; beloved of the south and north is he, he is master of the sekhti crown. He receives the ainsu sceptre, (and
is) lord of the and of the whip. Beautiful prince, rising
with the white crown, lord of rays, creator of light ! The gods give acclamations to him, and he stretches out his hands to him that loves him. The flame makes his enemies fall, his eye over- throws the rebels, it thrusts its copper lance into the sky and makes the serpent Nak vomit what it has swallowed.
''Hail to thee, Ra, lord of Law, whose shrine is hidden, master of the gods, the god Khepera in his boat ; by the sending forth of (his) word the gods spring into existence. Hail god Atmu, maker of mortals. However many are their forms he causes
d*
LII TRANSLATIONS.
them to live, he makes different the colour of one man from another. He hears the prayer of him that is oppressed, he is kind of heart to him that calls unto him, he delivers him that is afraid from him that is strong of heart, he judges between the mighty and the v^^eak.
"The lord of intelligence, knowledge (?) is the utterance of his mouth. The Nile cometh by his will, the greatly beloved lord of the palm tree comes to make mortals live. Making advance every work, acting in the sky, he makes to come into existence the sweet things of the daylight ; the gods rejoice in his beauties, and their hearts live when they see him. O Ra, adored in the Apts, mighty one of risings in the shrine ; O Ani (/. e., a form of Ra), lord of the festival of the new moon, who makest the six days' festival and the festival of the last quarter of the moon ; O prince, life, health, and strength ! lord of all the gods, whose appearances are in the horizon, president of the ancestors of Auker (/. e., the underworld) ; his name is hidden from his children in his name 'Amen'.
"Hail to thee, O thou who art in peace, lord of dilation of heart (/. <?., joy), crowned form, lord of the urerel crown, exalted of the plumes, beautiful of tiara, exalted of the white crown, the gods love to look upon thee ; the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt is established upon thy brow. Beloved art thou in passing through the two lands. Thou sendest forth rays in ris- ing from thy two beautiful eyes. The pat (/. ^., ancestors, or the dead) are in raptures of delight when thou shinest, the cattle become languid when thou shinest in full strength ; thou art loved when thou art in the sky of the south, thou art esteemed pleasant in the sky of the north. Thy beauties seize and carry away all hearts, the love of thee makes the arms drop ; thy beauti- ful creation makes the hands to tremble and (all) hearts to melt at the sight of thee.
"O Form, ONE, creator of all things, O ONE ONLY, maker of existences ! Men came forth from his two eyes, the gods sprang into existence at the utterance of his mouth. He maketh the green herb to make cattle live, and the staff of life for the (use
HYMN TO A.UENRA. LI II
of) man. He maketh the fishes to live in the rivers, the winged fowl in the sky ; he giveth the breath of life to (the germ) in the egg, he maketh birds of all kinds to live, and likewise the rep- tiles that creep and fly ; he causeth the rats to live in their holes, and the birds that are on every green twig. Hail to thee, O maker of all these things, thou ONLY ONE.
"He is of many forms in his might ! He watches all people who sleep, he seeks the good for his brute creation. O Amen, establisher of all things, Atmu and Harmachis, all people adore thee, saying, 'Praise to thee because of thy resting among us ; homage to thee because thou hast created us.' All creatures say, 'Hail to thee', and all lands praise thee ; from the height of the sky to the breadth of the earth, and to the depths of the sea art thou praised. The gods bow down before thy majesty to exalt the Will of their creator ; they rejoice when they meet their begetter, and say to thee, Come in peace, O father of the fathers of all the gods, who hast spread out the sky and hast founded the earth, maker of things which are, creator of things which exist, prince, life, health, strength ! president of the gods. We adore thy will, inasmuch as thou hast made us, thou hast made (us) and given us birth, and we give praises to thee by reason of thy resting with us.
"Hail to thee, maker of all things, lord of Law, father of the gods, maker of men, creator of animals, lord of grain, making to live the cattle of the hills ! Hail Amen, bull, beautiful of face, beloved in the Apts, mighty of risings in the shrine, doubly crowned in Heliopolis, thou judge of Horus and Set in the great hall. President of the great cycle of the gods, ONLY ONE, with- out his second, at the head of the Apts, Ani at the head of the cycle of his gods, living in Law every day, the double horizoned Horus of the East! He has created the mountain (or earth), the silver, the gold, and genuine lapis -lazuli at his Will .... In- cense and fresh dn/i are prepared for thy nostrils, O beautiful face, coming from the land of the Matchau, Amen-Ra, lord of the thrones of the two lands, at the head of the Apts, Ani at the head of his shrine. King, ONE among the gods, myriad are his
LIV TRANSLATIONS. HYMN TO AM EN- R A.
names, how many are they is not known ; shining in the eastern horizon and setting in the western horizon, overthrowing his enemies by his birth at dawn every day. Thoth exahs his two eyes, and makes him to set in his splendours ; the gods rejoice
in his beauties which those who are in his exalt. Lord
of the sek/i boat, and of the diet boat, which travel over the sky for thee in peace, thy sailors rejoice when they see Nak over- thrown, his limbs stabbed with the knife, the hre devouring him, his foul soul beaten out of his foul body, and his feet carried away. The gods rejoice, Ra is satisfied, Heliopolis is glad, the enemies of Atmu are overthrown, and the heart of Nebt-ankh (J. e., Isis) is happv because the enemies of her lord are over- thrown. The gods of Kher-aba are rejoicing, those who dwell in the shrines are making obeisance when they see him mighty in his strength (r), Form (?) of the gods of law, lord of the Apts
in thy name of 'maker of Law'. Lord of tchefau food, bull
in thy name of 'Amen, bull of his mother'. Maker of mortals,
making become, maker of all things that are in thy name
of Atmu Khepera. Mighty Law making the body festal, beauti- ful of face, making festal the breast. Form of attributes (?), lofty of diadem, the two uraei fly by his forehead. The hearts of the pdtu go forth to him, and unborn generations turn to him ; by his coming he maketh festal the two lands. Hail to thee, Araen- Ra, lord of the thrones of the two lands ! his town loves his shining."
Note. On p. XXI, 1. 26, after the words "seeking it" add "be not disheartened".
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8 pa du-f her yathu 8. iaif hemt du-f her yad-set na en du du-f hems em kasa en paif sen &erdu yer dr emyet hru qemiu her sa eneti du paif sen
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THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS.
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8 ienti-set un dn 8. pa imd her dn-set er Qamt du-f uah-set em ta duset na
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THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS.
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26
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7 du-sen her sdt ta hurcre enti hdti en Bata her-s set 7. du-f hait viit em ta
8 unnut ierdu yer dr emyet ta het' sen en hru yeperu du idf 8. pa di du
9 Anpti pa sen da en Bata her dq er paif pa du-f g. her hems dd tet-f du-tu
10 her tdt-nef ud en 6 elm en heqi du-f her dri setef 10. du-tu her tdt-nef ki en drpu du-f her dri huaut
THE TALE OE THE TWO BROTHERS.
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28
THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS.
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7 un dn-f her yeperu her 7. hmi yeri pa d§ du-f ur§u her uyay-f du-f her
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9 mu qehh du-f her yad-f eref du-f hems em paif seyeru enti hru neh yer dr I emyet kerh yeperu XIV. — i. du hdti-f
THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS.
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9 senb pa un du-d her y^eperu em bdat da emtutti g. nehamu-nd em pa ta fer-f I emtuk her kmi-nek er paik temdt '/er dr emyet ta het' XV. — i, sen en
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nef em pa la ter-f un dn tu 5. fa-tuf em he f nub en paif sen da du-f hems 5
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9 emmd-s set em tit petrd tud dny-kud em rd du-set her 9. t'et-nef ementek n
10 7nmd trd du-f her fet-nes set dnuk Bata tu-t her dmamu em ferti 10. tdt-t dritu seksek pa d§ en Aa-perti dnf^ ufa senh "/eri duset er-d tern tat djiy-kud
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8 hen-f dny ufa senb er tdt mad pa ka yer dr 8, her-sa du-tu her tdt madt-f yer dr su her ermenui 71a en red du-f her ketket em neheb-f du-f her tdt
9 g. yad-nef t'ef sen en senf er pa ur nehi sen en hcn-f any utd senb du ta
10 ud her yeperu ta redai en 10. pa ddireda da en Aa-perti dny utd senb du ta I ketdd her ta ketOd redai du-sen her rut em §auabu XVII. — i. sen
THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS.
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THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS.
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THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS.
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40
THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS.
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9 Meremdptu g. dri en dn Annana pa neb en pa dnu dr pa ettti du-f her fettu
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THE POSSESSED PRINCESS OF BEKHTEN.
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48 THE POSSESSED PRINCESS OF BEKHTEN.
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