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ANNUAL REPORTS
AND
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB
SERIES || 1928-29 VOLUME TLL Ix 1937-38
selfast : Printep py Tux Noxtuern Wate, Ltp., Baumer Srrect
1938
BRITISH | MUSEUM
11 MAY 31
NATURAL HISTORY.
ANNUAL REPORTS ©
PROCEEDINGS
ae AN
SERIES II. PARTS
VOL. IX. 1, WU. 1928-29. 1929+30.
FOR CONTENTS SEE INSIDE COVER.
PRINTED FOR MEMBERS ONLY PRICE OF EXTRA COPIES TO MEMBERS 2/-
CONTENTS.
—_——0
List of Officers, 1928-29 . Excursions :—Cave Hill and M‘Art’, s - Fort, ' Portmore district, Carngaver Hill, Monlough, Bessbrook, Dublin and district, Scarva, Arboe Cross and Toome, Greencastle and Kilkeel, Craighuliar Quarries, Mountstewart British Br ‘yological Society’s Ivish Visit Conversazione Papers i= ‘ Moth and Butterfly Love’’—D, J. Carpenter, A.R.C.Sc.L. ‘ Fungi and Diseases of Plants ’—A. E, Muskett, B.Sc., A.R.C.Se.L. ; : Rey or re ea ‘The so-called Volcanic Necks. ‘of Northern Ireland ’’— Dr. H. PR. ie Rohleder , se8 Bs nee ‘ Thumbnail Sketches of Larne ’’—Dr. S. W. Hill ... ; ‘Paleolithic Man in Sligo?’’—Professor J. K. Charles- worth, D.Sc., M.RB.1. A; ae i ‘South Africa : lt s Call to the Naturalist BE Roy, W. RB. Megaw, B.A. ane “ Local ‘Text-book [ilustnabions in | Geolosy oy. “Welch, M!Sc., *M.R.ICA. Annual Meeting Club Medallists List of Officers, 1929-30 Excursions :-—Purdysburn Glen and Mealough, Larriban Cliffs and Ballintoy, Maghera and district, Belvoir Park, Ram’s Island, Bundoran and_ district, Strangford Lough (West side), Galgorm and Portglenone, Derryadd and Lough Neagh Shore. Ramble around old Belfast, Red Tall Convetbazione : $73 Papers :— ‘*Bield Work as a Handmaid to History ’’—Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A, ee “ Sigurd the Crusader ?2D, E, ‘Lowry, J. Pe Ae be “The A BC of Birds "—J. A...S, Stendall, M.R.LA., M.B.0.U. a ’ a PP 2 eek: with a Camera in Natureland ”—J. A. Benington, “The ‘February Skies ’ 2a i. Kerr, B. 5 GAEL Ra StS ree ae bee ‘* Naturalism in Roman Art ’’—lan A. Huainiond, M.A... ‘““ Grasses ’’—Captain C. D. Chase, M.A., M.'C. ‘<The Celtic Gods ’’—Col. R. G. Berry, M.R.E. A. es ‘‘ Cave Researches in England ’’—Dyr. J. W. Jackson, Bowes: Annual ‘Meeting £ Club Medallists List of Exchanging Societies Rules a st List of Members
PAGE
60
PROCEEDINGS AND ANNUAL REPORT
BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB
For the Year Ending 3lst March, 1929
(SIXTY-SIXTH YEAR).
SERIES Il. Pa |.
VOLUME IX. 1928-29.
EDITOR: WILLIAM M: CRAWFORD, B.a., F:£.s., F.z 5.
BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.
SIYTY-SIXTH YEAR, 1928-29.
GENERAL COMMITTEE.
President: D. Jz CARPENTER, A-8.C.SC.1. Vice-President: Miss W. J. SAYERS, b.a. Hon, Treasurer: A. H. DAVISON, v.r.s.4.t.. 32 Wellington Place, Belfast. Hon. Librarian: W. M. CRAWFORD, B.a., F.x.s., F.z.s., Orissa, Marlborough Park South, Belfast. Hon. Recording Secretary: J. A. 8. STENDALL, M.n.1.4., M.B.0.U., Deva, Haypark Avenue, Beltast. Hon. Secretary of Botanical Section: C. R. NODDER, m.a., he Corner House, Lambeg. Hon. Secretaries of Geological Section: ROBERT BELL, 64 Newington Avenue, Belfast. A. M‘I. CLELAND, 28 Green Road, Knock, Belfast Hon, Secretary of Zoological Section: JAMES ORR, m.z.0.u., 17 Gartield ‘Street, Belfast. Hon. Secretary of Archzological Section: J. SKILLEN, 25 Stranmillis Gardens, Belfast. Hon. Secretary of Junior Section: Mrs. C. R. NODDER, The Corner House, Lambeg. Ordinary Members of Committee:
Yetire 1929, Retire 1930. S. A. Bennett, B.a.. B.SC. Miss W. M. Rea, M.sc. S. Freeland. Rev. W.. R. Megaw, B.a. J. R. H. Greeves, z.se. R. J. Welch, m.sc.. M.R.1.A. Retire 1931. A. A. Campbell, r.r.s.a.1. C. D. Chase, M.c., M.A. Rt. S. Lepper, M.A., LL.M., F.R.HIST. SOC. Hon. Secretaries: E. N. CARROTHERS, 145 Stranmillis Road, Belfast.
A, E, MUSKETT, s.sc., a.n.c.sc.u., St. Helen’s, Old Stranmillis Road. Belfast,
\
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PROCEEDINGS.
: ~O SUMMER SESSION.
O ———
CAVE HILL AND M‘ART’S FORT.
Date—Tuesday evening, 22nd May, 1928. Conductor—The President (D. J. Carpenter). Number present, 90.
The party started from Castle Junction at 6.380 p.m. and were conveyed by special tram to the Old Cavehill Road, Where others jomed in, and the numbers then amounted to ninety.
They proceeded on foot to the Cave Hill quarry, where the President gave an interesting talk on the. eeological formations, pointing out the cretaceous and liassic strata, and so demonstrating in situ the main aqueous rocks of the Belfast area. He also. showed and explained field evidence of the faet that Co. Antrim had at one time been subjected to great volcanic activity, and that the basalt was a lava. The evidence included the different lava flows with different characteristics, the vesicular and amygdaloidal nature of various basaltic specimens, and the baking to a red colour of the flints accumulated on the top of old irregular chalk country
At the top of the quarry two fine basaltic dykes were shown. At the one the conversion of the chalk to marble by contact metamorphism was well seen, and at the other the presence of a fault was readily demonstrated.
After leaving the quarry a halt was made. half-way up the hill, where Mr. Carpenter explained the ingenious escape device. found in the cocoon of the Emperor Moth, which was found amongst the heather.
On the Hill it was interesting to find four typical wood plants amongst the heather, viz.:—Wood Rush (Luzula syl- satica), W ood Anemone (Anemone nemorosa), Wood Violet (Viola sylvatica), and Wood Sage (Teucrium Scorodonia).
After visiting M‘Art’s Fort the party returned via Bellevue and Hazelwood. On the slopes of the latter Pyrola rotundifolia was found by some of the members.
wan (Proc. B.N.F.C
PORTMORE DISTRICT. Date—2nd June, 1928. Conductors—The General and Sectional Secretaries, Number present, 60.
This excursion took the form of a preliminary inspection of Portmore and district, an area selected by the Committee as suitable for a regional survey. The party left the Museum, College Square North, by motors at 10 a.m., and reached Gawley’ s Gate, close hes the shores of Lough Neagh, about 11 a.m. From there a ramble was taken ‘along the small but picturesque road bordering the Lough to Tunny Bridge, and thence to the Glenavy river, the members looking for plants and zoological objects according to their several tastes. Meanwhile some of the members had devoted their energies to an exploration of Portimore Lough. At 5 p.m. all collected at Lower Ballinderry Schoolhouse for tea, after which a business meeting was held, a start being made for home about 8 p.m.
CARNGAVER HILN.
Date—l6th June, 1928. Conductor—Captain ©. D. Chase, Number present, 20.
In perfect weather about a score of members enjoyed the eight miles walk from the Belmont trant terminus, via Ballymiscaw and Craigauntlet, to the top of Carngaver and from there to the main Newtownards road at Bradshaw's Brae, where buses were taken back to the city. Carngaver is the highest point of the Holywood Hills (750 feet), and on this exceptionally clear day Scotland and the Isle of Man were as distinct as the Mourne Mountains. Anchusa sem- pervirens was secn near a farm, and Mr. Nathaniel Carrothers showed the botanists the rare Pyrola minor in the station discovered some years ago by A. W. Stelfox.
MONLOUGH.
Date—19th June, 1928 (evening). Conductors—S. Freeland and J. A. S. Stendall. ‘Number present, 65.
A party of over sixty members, with their friends, took part in the fourth excursion of the season to Mon- lough, a stretch of water hidden among the rolling hills of County Down between Carryduff and ‘Ballygowan. The journey was made by motor coach, and on arrival at the east end of the lough the party was met by Mr. J.
1928-29. ] 7
M’ Williams, who resides nearby, and who acted, in his genial way, as guide, philosopher and_ friend thro ughout the evening.
The eel weir and traps were first visited. Here the conductor gave a talk concerning the strange life-history of the eel, and explained the method of capture by means of the weir and trap. Afterwards members approached ute lough by way of Mr. M‘Williams’s farm, and commenced : diligent search for botanical and zoological treasures. some members, armed with nets, searched the drains for their occupants and made a rich haul, which included water beetles, caddis-fly larve, and hosts of mollusks of different species.
The President (Mr. D. J. Carpenter) gave a short talk on the birds of the district, and was followed by Mr. R. J. Welch, who gave an account of the water animals found. Mr. M*Williams added interest by his account of the wild life of the area.
After a tour of the httle fir-planted ‘‘ islet “’—fortu- nately if was a peninsula on this occasion—Captain C. D. Chase gave an address on the botanical features of the neigh- bourhood. He mentioned that out of the six or seven hundred species of plants known to grow in County Down some two hundred were present in the Monlough area, which possessed, so far as is known, no plants of outstanding importance, but nevertheless many that were interesting. Some twelve species of sedges had been found during ie evening, many grasses together with several flowé ering plants, “including Bogbean, Brooklime, Water Blinks, Lesser Spearwort, and “Marsh Cinque efoil.
Before leaving the President proposed that 2 heart) vote of thanks be accorded Mr. and Mrs. M‘Williams and family for their kindness in allowing members to roam over their lands and for the interest they had taken. This was seconded by Mr. A. A. Campbell, and passed with acclamation.
The return journey was made via Castlereagh, the outing being voted by all to have been of much educational value.
BESSBROOK. Date—30th June, 1928. Conductors—The President and W. A. Green. Number present, 42.
The party were conveyed by charabane and _ private
cars. Starting from College Square North at 9.0 a.m., they
P (Proc. B.N.F.C.
proceeded via Lisburn to Dromore, where the iron stocks and ancient cross were examined; then to Banbridge, past Loughbrickland and its crannoge to Newry.
rom there Miss Barcroft (The Glen, Newry) and Mr. J. Richardson (Bessbrook) conducted the party to Nilleavy. There some interesting Cists were examined, and Killeavy Church, with its two churches of different ages, eyclopean doors, &e., were well studied.
Afterwards the party proceeded past the beautiful Cam- lough Lake-and Camlough Village between the bases of Slieve Gullion and Sturgeon to the Cashel Lakes, where a stop was made for lunch. The scenery in this neighbour- hood is exceptionally fine, and geologists were able to note the difference in the aspect of the silurian country and that of the Newry granite areas. Among the botanical specimens found near Killeavy and the lakes were the Butterwort, Sundew, Marsh Cinquefoil, Butterfly Orchis, Lesser Spear- wort, &¢.
After lunch, the party proceeded to ed Mill to view the great earthwork known as the Dun of Dorsey, with its deep parallel entrenchments about I8ft. apart and from 14-28ft. deep. It is regarded as the remains of a dun or fortified residence probably occupied by Cucuchlan,
Returning to Bessbrook about 5.80 p.in., the party enjoyed the hospitality of Mrs. Williams, The Woodhouse, and the members were delighted with the splendid reception given them by the hostess and her many kind helpers.
After tea, the party visited the rock gardens at The Woodhouse and Deramore House, and then returned to Belfast via Portadown,
At Dromore and the Dun of Dorsey the party were addressed by the President, at on eee land by Mr. W. A. Green, and at Killeavy by Messrs. R. 8. Lepper and I. ¢ Lawlor.
DUBLIN AND DISTRICT.
Date—12th to 14th July, 1928. Conductor—R. J. Welch, M.Se., M.R.I.A. Number present, 48.
The members left Belfast on Thursday morning, 12th July, by the G.N Raiiway breakfast train, and, after arrival af Jury’s Hotel, were soon on their way to see Christ Chureh Cathedral, where the Very Rey. Dean Kennedy kindly showed them many objects of great historical interest. The same afternoon a visit was paid to the Zoological
1928-29.] 9
Gardens in’ Phoenix Park. The Secretary, Mr. B. B. Ferrar, M.I.1.A., conducted the party round, and showed them most interesting new animals and also the fish hatchery.
Next morning the National Museum, which the party visited with Dr. Praeger and Mr. A. W. Stelfox, impressed them particularly. They were shown the Irish cave remains, the skeletons of Irish Deer, the finest in existence, and many other interesting objects in the Irish Room. In the Gold Room they inspected the Royal Irish Academy collection, which includes St. Patrick’s Bell and Shrine, the Tara Brooch, the Cross of Cong and the Limavady Jind. Amongst the many exhibits of unusual interest they saw the prehistoric sepulchral urns and the Ogham Stones. Botanical enthusiasts were shown over the Herbarium by Miss Knowles, daughter of the late eminent Irish antiquary, W..J: Knowles, M.R.1.A.
During a visit to Trinity College the visitors saw the celebrated mulberry trees in the Fellows’ Garden, where a fresh tree has been planted only once in every hundred vears for five centuries.
After Junch an excursion was made to Powerscourt Demesne and Waterfall, and in this connection a warm tribute was paid to the Dublin taxis, in which some of the party travelled. The ancient Irish oak forest was a great source of delight, and one of the lady members of the ‘Club was charmed with the opportunity she had of petting and nursing a baby Japanese deer.
The vicinity of the Waterfall is the finest collecting ground in Ireland for entomologists; the geologists amongst the party had much to interest them in the curious contor- tions of the schistose rocks near the Falls, and the botanists were busy gathering specimens of mosses and fungi.
As is fia custom of the Club on excursions, a business meeting was held during the afternoon, the pl: ice chosen being the Sealp, where members gathered on she return journey This meeting, Mr. Welch s: ud, was 1% ither interesting owing to the strange fact that it was held in two counties. They assembled to discuss their affairs in two groups, one on each side of a three-foot wide stream which marks the boundary between County Dublin and County Wicklow.
Amongst the subjects disc cussed at the ine eting was the quarrying which is going on in the Scalp, and which they viewed with dismay on account of the menace to the glaci: ul overtlow channels, ‘which are the finest in the British Isles.
{(Proc. B.N.F.C. 10
It was decided, on the motion of Mr. W. M. Sweeney, seconded by Mr. C. R. Nodder, to protest against this spolia- tion of one of the fees natural national monuments.
The last day of the Club’s visit was devoted to a ramble in the Howth district and a visit to the Bailey Lighthouse. After this the party left by the 6.40 p.m. train, and reached Belfast about 9.30.
SCARVA. Date-Saturday, 21st July, 1928. Conductors—Col. R. G. Berry, M:R.1A., and A. A. Campbell, F.R.S.A.0 Number present, 57.
A party of fifty-seven members visited Scarva for which the Great Northern Railway Company ,courteously reserved a coach on the 2.20 express, and stopped specially. at Scarva for the accommodation of the party.
The principal item on the programme for the afternoon wis the inspection, by kind permission of: Marae 5. Thomson, of the remains of the Danes’ Cast or Black Pig’s Dyke in Scarva House demesne. Colonel Berry gave an address on this chain of earthworks, which extends from Newry to Ballyshannon, and was probably a boundary of Ulster or Meath. He pointed out that the name “* Danes’ Cast ’’ does not denote exclusively the Great Wall of Ulidia Hs Glen Ree, which had for its prototype the Koman Walls in, Britain—the Antonine Wall and Hadrian’s Wall. When i: mania was destroyed by the Three Collas in a.p. 333 and the Ultonians were driven out, the Ultonian Wall in Glen Ree was built, and its history as a boundary and defence extends up to the time of Shane O’Neill. Many traditions and even names are common to the Ultonian and Roman Walls, and the famous sham fight at Searva had its counter- part at the Catrail in Scotland and elsewhere on the Roman Walls.
The Great Wall of Uldia was not a sod wall, but was an earthwork resembling the vallum of the Southern Roman Wall—a ditch with ps arapets on cither side. The large number of forts on the east suggests defence from that side. Owing to its commanding position, with natural obstacles along. its western front, it must always have been of strategic importance, and would be so even to-day, as a defensive ime with its flanks resting on two great pieces of water—the sea and Lough Neagh.
Mr. D. KE. Lowry, J.P., recounted some of the legends associated with the ‘* Black Pig.’’
1928-29.” It
‘On the way back to the village some of the older mem- bers visited the grave of Mr. W. ihe C. Tomlinson, once. an active member “of the Club. ~Tea was served at Mrs. Dunlop's, after which the return journey to town was made.
ARBOE CROSS AND TOOME. Date—4th August, 1928. Conductor—Joseph Skillen, Number present, 45.
The Club visited Arboe (Tyrone) in ideal weather, and on the picturesque shores of Lough Neagh found them- selves on historic ground, as they were informed by their conductor,
The magnificent Old Cross, which stands about 18ft. high, was inspected with interest. This well preserved relic of e arly Christianity in Ireland is one of the finest high crosses in the country. Recently it was taken over by the "Northern Government to be preserved,
Near the Cross the party saw the-remains of the old church in the graveyard, and farther north along the shore the rums of an older church and monastery, whose foundation is credited to St. Colman. It was destroyed in 1166.
An interesting object noted by the party was a large beech tree in a corner of the graveyard, with thousands of pins sticking in the bark. Known locally as the pin tree, it is supposed to have been a holy tree, and the superstition connected with it.is that anyone ‘making a wish and putting a pin into it will have that wish fulfilled.
‘Mr. Skillen thanked Mr. C. Beatty, J.P., Coalisland, for the trouble he had taken to make the excursion a success. Thereafter the party had lunch, and then took a stroll along the shore
On the return journey a stop was made in 'Toome and 4 visit paid to the ruins of ‘“‘ Carey’s Temple,’’ while, after fea in the hotel, opportunity was taken to inspect the eel weirs and also the diatomaceous clay deposits.
GREENCASTLE AND KILKEEL. Date—Ist September, 1928. Conductor—R. J. Welch, M.Se., M.R.LA.. ‘Number present, 65.
The Club selected the old Anglo-Norman military fortress of Greencastle, Kilkeel, for their ninth field exeur- sion. The run by express train to Warrenpoimt was very quickly accomplished, and the party in two motor-chara-
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 12
bancs were conveyed to the famous old Castle on its rocky eminence. Here the party first climbed up to the great banqueting hall, from which glorious views of the Mourne range ad Carlingford Mountains were obtained; the more venturesome went by the winding stair to the de parapet and angle towers on the top of the very thick walls. The purty then scattered for luneh, some taking it on the very stunnit of the walls in blazing sunshine, others lunched on the sea shore close at hand cr on a sunny bank below the Castle.
After lunch the party made its way along the gravelly shore, the habitat of a number of rare or very Jocal plants, to the tumulus of Knock Tinvel, or hill of the Assembly. Here half the party stayed for nearly an hour, admiring the fine panorama of mountain and lough, while the other half, led by Mr. A. A.. Campbell, trekked over the raised-beach platform below the tumulus to the old Church near the Castle, all meeting together again on the roadside at four o'clock, where ghee moi lifted them for the run to Ros- trevor for tea at the Great Northern Hotel.
CRAIGHULIAR QUARRIES, PORTRUSH:. Date—8th September, 1928. Conductor—A. M‘I. Cleland. Number present, 28.
This visit was made a special excursion for the Club, and the weather was magnificent.
At Portrush the party was met by Mr. W. A. Traill, managing director of the Causeway Tramway Co. (the premier electric tramway of the world), who very kindly
placed a car at the disposal of the members as far as the Craigs, whence a short up-hill walk brought the members to the basalt quarry. Here the manager, Mr. A.
M* Donald, met us, and gave us a hearty w eloomia: but was, unfortunately, not able to stay long with us. He Gave the conduetor two very. fine pieces of chalcedony, nodules of Which are sometimes met with in the upper layer of basalt at this quarry. Sometimes, as in the specimens presented by Mr. M‘Donald, the nodules are hollow, showing fine crystals and stalagmitic and stalactitie effects. :
The basalt of this quarry shows two very good exposures, the lower revealing excellent examples of columnar struc- ture, the upper *‘ amorphus ” or “ starch ’’ structure. The latter is worked by preference, as it breaks more readily into cubes in the crushers, Whilst the columnar basalt is more
1928-29. ] 3
inclined to flake. It is in the amorphus basalt that the best chalcedony is found.
In the columnar basalt we also found chaleedony, iron pyrites and calcite.
From the quarry we passed to the Lignite Workings, where several plant remains .were found, but nothing very remarkable. The mine was closed at the time of our visit.
From the workings most of the members returned to Portrush by the sand dunes and the shore, reaching the Iuiassic Beds in time for a good discussion.
‘Tea was promptly served on the train at 7.20 p.m., and ae return journey was in consequence very che enjoy ed,
Belfast being reached on time at 9.15 p.m.
MOUNTSTEWART.
Date-—15th September, 1928. Conductors—-E. N. Carrothers and A. E. Muskett. Number present, 40.
This excursion took the form of a fungus foray, and the party journeyed to Mountstewart by taking train to New- townards and thence by bus to Mountstewart. Through the kindness of the Marquess and Marchioness of London- derry members were privileged to roam about the demesne in their search for fungi. They were fortunate in having for their guide Mr. Bolas, who is in charge of the oardens, and who, besides conducting the party to the most hkely haunts of mushrooms, expli ained the layout of the beautiful wardens, the fame of which is well known. Most attention was given to the old woods, where large numbers of speci- mens were obtained, and the baskets provided for the collec- tion of the spoils were well filled as the afternoon progressed. The presenee of Mr. Welch, whose knowledge of the neigh- bourhood needs no comment here, was a great asset to the general suecess of the foray.
Before leaving the demesne a hearty vote of thanks was
passed to the Marquess and M: archioness and to all who had eontributed towards the success of the excursion.
Work was continued until the light began to fail, when the party journeyed by bus to Newtown: ards, where a sub- stantial tea was enjoved. After tea members returned to Belfast by train.
As a result of the foray a number of species not hitherto recorded in Ulster were added to the list.
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 14
BRITISH BRYOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S IRISH VISIT.
A brief notice of the above will be sufficient for our Pro- ceedings, as the Irish Naturalists’ Journal, both before and after the visit, published articles on the matter. Our Field Club entertained the visitors to tea at Hazelwood on the day of their arrival (25th August, 1928), and during their stay in the North some of our members were present at each excursion.
Details of excursions, records made, ete., will be found in the I.N.J. for November, 1928 (Vol. II, p. 112).
We may quote the following paragraph from the British Bryological Society’s Report for 1928: ‘‘ On behalf of our members we take this opportunity of thanking the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club most cordially for their hospitality and assistance during our visit. The Editor of the Irish Naturalists’ Journal also gave the visitors every help and welcome, for which the Society is very grateful.’
12)
WINTER SESSION.
The authors of the Papers, of which abstracts are given, are alone responsible for the views expressed therein.
CONVERSAZIONE.
The Winter Session opened with a Conversazione held in the Assembly Hall, Fisherwick Place, on Tuesday, 16th October, 1928. The function was largely attended by members and friends, and the many exhibits staged were viewed with great interest. The exhibits included :—
Borany.—Botanical. Department, Queen's University— (1) The Eeology of the Moss Lane Region, Miss M. Duff. M.Se.; (2) the Eeology of Divis Mountain, Miss P. I. Kertland, M.Sc. Prof. Small, Queen’s University, some microscopic exhibits ; H. Cairns, diseased fungi; Miss M. W. Rea, Canadian autumn wild flowers; C. R. Nodder, botani- eal exhibit; Capt. Chase, Mediterranean plants and Conti- nental floras; Shaftesbury House Students, collection of fruits; E. N. Carrothers and A. EF. Muskett. fungi.
GroLoGy.—The President, some common ores, spars, &c.; Professor J. K. Charlesworth, Queen’s University, fossil fish and ammonites; A. H. Davison, minerals from iron mines and other sources; Robert Bell, reptilian remains
1928-29. ] 3 us)
from the Lias; A. M‘I. Cleland, photographs, white basalts, Antrim rhyolites, volcanic tuffs, cross cut in lithomarge, chaleedony, disintegrated flint; Corporation Gas Works, chemicals from coal.
Zoo.ocy.—The President, some British butterflies and moths; Professor Gregg Wilson, Queen’s University, a microscopic demonstration; W. M. Crawford, drawers showing in parallel columns similarity in butterflies from India, the Home countries and America; George C. Reilly, a beginner’s collection of beetles, showing rough classifica- tion; “R.J.W elch, land shells of the genus "Helix, Ge. A. HA. Davison, modern corals ; Belfast Municipal Museum, models of the mouth parts of insects; A. M‘I. Cleland, marine mollusea; James Orr, hawks and falcons.
Arcua&oLtocy.—h. J. Welch, photographs of the newly renovated White Island Church, Lough Erne, &¢.; Herbert J: i ason, paleolithic implements from_South of E Ingland ; Ais @. Crawford, flint artifacts from Bushfoot, Whitepark oa and Larne raised beach; Mrs. A. W. Metcalfe, prehis- toric implements from Donegal; Charles E. Kerr, an exhibit.
Erunoarapny.—R. S. Lepper, Oriental brass and weapons.
Miscrituanrtous.—h. J. Welch, heraldic and composite bookplates, ladies’ bookplates; Miss Mawdsley, cighteenth century books; A. R. Hogg, a panoramagraph from Bellevue and Hazelwood; Robert A. Black, photographs.
Juntor Section.—There was a very varied exhibit con- sisting of fossils, plants, shells, and photographs, as well as some objects of zoological or antiquarian interest, tabled by the Misses Rosaleen Capper, Marjorie V. D. Cleeland, Jean Cole, Nora Fisher, Barbara and Ethna Glendinning, Vivian Green, Jean and Peggy Loewenthal, Elizabeth Megaw, Beatrice Searle, Nora Stendall ] and Betty Watson, and the Masters Jack Blair, Martyn D. Cleeland, Angus and Ranald Maedonald, John M‘Williams and Wm. Smith.
The Cohn Mountain Survey consisted of exhibits under the following heads:—Model of Colin Mountain top, the Secretary ; “Mosses, Agatha R. Crawford and William Smith; Flowering Plants, E. Langton May; Ferns, Jack Blair; Fungi, William Loughridge : Birds, Nora Stendall ; Grasses, Marjorie V. D. Cleeland; Geology, Ranald Mac- donald; Archeology, Angus Macdonald; Fauna, Richard Davidson ; Trees, N. Taylor.
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 10
At 9.10, p.m. a business meeting was held: The President (Mr. D. J. Carpenter) oecupied the chair.
Mr. J. A. S. Stendall presented Mr. Robert John Welch, M.Se., M.R.I.A., as a suitable person to receive the Club’s Commemoration Medal. It was accordingly handed by the President to Mr. Welch, who made a suitable acknowledgment.
During the evening prizes were awarded to Junior members as follows:—Best collection of marine shells, Rosaleen Capper; best collection made this year of local fossils, Klizabeth Megaw; water-colour drawings of flowers, (1) Lois M*'Keown, (2) Nora Stendall; Naturalists’ diary for month of July, 1928, (1) Agatha Crawford, (2) Jean Cole; exhibits of botanieal ae (1) Agatha Crawford, (2) Jean and Peggy Loewenthal; exhibits of local antiquarian interest, Angus MacDon: ud; exhibits of geological interest, (1) Jack Bik: (2) Martyn Ds Cleeland ; bast, collection of Natural History pee imens collected during this vear’s Junior exeur- sions, (1) Marjorie Cleeland: (2). B. and EF. Glendinning,
3) William Smyth.
The thanks of the Committee are due to the donors of the prizes, who were as follows:—The President, the Vice- President, Messrs. A. M‘I. Cleland, A. Albert Campbell, W: M. Crawford, Alex: H. Davison, BR. S. Lepper, C. R. Nodder, Jas. Orr, R. J. Welch, and The I.N. Journal.
MOTH AND: BUTT ERELY LORE.
The opening ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Old Museum, College Square North, on Tuesday, 20th November, 1928, at 8 p.m., when the Pre- sident (Mr. D. J. Carpenter) delivered the inaugural address,
Mr. Carpenter first explained that the colour of most butterflies is due to pigmented seales, and that the pigment fades under the aetion of light. Consequently museum specimens have to be kept in the dark. In the case of iridescent butterflies used for jewellery the colour is due to a different cause. When light is reflected from a surface engraved with a large numbers of lines—about 10,000 to the inch—-a beautiful colour effect is produced as in mother- of-pearl. Hot wax pressed upon the latter becomes iride- scent, and microscopic examination of the wax reveals the presence of the fine lines. In the iridescent butterflies the
1928-29. ] V7 / colour is due to a combination of structure and pigment. The iridescence persists after the pigment has faded, and so the colour may tone down but will not be destroyed.
The address then dealt with the characters of the pertect insect and the caterpillar, and the various methods of pupation leading up to the subject of ‘* Mate-Finding.”’
In respect of the last mentioned Mr. Carpenter related some interesting personal experiences. Desiring to obtain specimens of the Emperor Moth, he spent three days on the moors and only aequired two specimens—one male and one female. A few days later two females emerged from a number of cocoons in his possession. One was put in a small cardboard box with small perforations and placed in the breast-pocket of his overcoat. The second was put in a wooden box covered with wire gauze, wrapped up in brown paper, and both boxes taken to the moors. © On arrival the overcoat—turned inside out—and the two boxes were placed on the heather a few yards apart. Nothing happened. The brown paper was fee removed from the gauze-covered box, and in about one minute many males swarmed around, and a number were caught with ease. The small cardboard box, though near, was almost neglected.
One male paid attention to the pocket of the overcoat which had contained the box for about an hour. — After viving various reasons the lecturer expressed the opinion that the assembling of certain moths to a virgin female in this fashion was due to scent and not to wireless waves: as suggested by some people.
The lecturer described how many experimenters had tried to pair assembling moths, but had not succeeded. The females seemed compelled to lay eggs, but they were infer- tile; vet at a butterfly farm in Kent the owner had no difficulty in mating and breeding moths. The explanation given was that at the butterfly Santi large cages were used, while most experimenters used small boxes. Such facts had led naturalists to conelude that a preliminary flight was necessary before the males of assembling moths were sensitive to the attraction of the females.
Prof. K. B. Poulton, Oxford, had given an explanation of this interesting fact. It had been noticed by the late Prof. H. N. Moseley that the antennal sheaths of the female pupee of the Emperor Moth had traces of pectination. like those of the male pup, but to a less degree, although the female moth’s antenne are filiform, He concluded that the
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 18
ancestors of both sexes had pectinated ‘antennie, that’ the male had retained them, but they ae) Ngan in the female.
In fact, in the process of evolution, .the- males had progressed in the direction of attaining keener sense organs for the detection-of the females and stronger powers of flight to pursue them in competition with other males, while the females had evolved larger bodies, a greater capacity for egg-laying and consequent inc reased sluggishness.
Consequently Prof. Poulton deduced that if the males of assembling moths emerged from their cocoons with ‘all their powers complete they would readily: detect and pair with any mature female of their own family close at pen and the evolutionary history described would result: inbreeding. That the males were not endowed with’ their full. powers until they had flown was an adaptation to avoid ‘that danger.
Mr. Carpenter next dealt with the economic aspect: of caterpillars and the great damage they would do if allowed to multiply unchecked. The College of Pestology had organised war upon the moth cocoons in Hyde Park and had done some good, but the amount of such work done by human beings was infinitesimal compared with what Nature does herself. Inseectivorous birds, and seed-eating ones during the breeding season, destroy large numbers of cater- pillars; -while:the little-known Ichneumon flies also do enor- mous good. There are about 1,200 species of ichneumons, all parasitic on caterpillars or other pests, and one—Micro- gaster glomeratus—accounts for about 90 per cent,. of the
Cabbage White larve, and so is the chief presenige of our cabbages. .
Finally, the lecturer Patan out coe the’ pater sills and the insect naturally tried to maintain their position. in Nature’s scheme of things, and he described » many interest. ing ways by which they ac hier 2 their end.
FUNGI] AND DISEASES OF PLANTS.
The second ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Old Museum on Tuesday, 18th December, 1928, at 8 p.m., when Mr. A:-E. Muskett, B.Se.,'A.R:C.Sc. (Lond.) gave a lecture on the above subject. The President (Mr. D. J. Carpenter) was in the chair, ~~ .
The lecturer stated that the green Blois so ohafaeeae istic of plants in general is due to a complex substance known
1928-29.] “
as chlorophyll, without which life on the earth, as we know it to-day, would not be possible. By means of chlorophyll present in the leaf, and sunlight, the plant is able to manu- facture, from water and carbonic acid gas, sugars and starches which are further built up to form the gigantic number of even more complex substances necessary for life. The leaf is the chemical laboratory of the green plant, and one far more efficient than any built by man. Sunlight and chlorophyll may be set down as the keys of life as we know it to-day. Man is dependent upon the green plants for his very existence—he may eat his beef, but his beef once ate the grass. But, what of the fungi? Well, the fungi pos- sess no chlorophyll—they cannot manufacture the sugars and starches necessary for life—if they are to live they must be provided with these things already made. In _ this way they resemble animals rather than plants. What would happen if the dead remained unchanged and the tree lav unaltered where it fell? What is it that removes the sites once animated with the pulse of hfe? It is the fungi and bacteria. - They are always waiting, always ready to seize upon the castle deserted by its spirit. Thus, the king of the forest, be he oak or lion, will himself one day provide a banquet for the countless hosts, each striving with might and main to—live. Verily, there are two sides to life: the limits of complexity are realised by green plants and animals, only to be reduced to the simple substances from which they came by fungi and bacteria. Ashes to ashes is no mean jest—it is true. What blessings we owe to the lowly fungi!—they have formed the staple food of primitive tribes and the truffles still make an appetising bait for the discriminating epicure. Yeast is a fungus, a little of which leaveneth the whole. Where would be the homely bread that is made to rise before the kitchen fire—if veast were not? If fungi were not with us, where would our fairies hide? For them no more the Elf Cup’s shielding shade or the ‘“‘ Mushroom’s ”’ covering cloak when night alarms.
But stay! This mighty horde so anxious for attack, so eager for the fray, may bite too soon, and then we have— disease. Not content to wait till life has fled, the host must _vield his banquet far too soon. Who has not heard of the dread potato blight caused by parasitic fungus of low degree, whose ravages brought famine to our land? In 1846 did Father Mathew not write:
““On July 27th I passed from Cork to Dublin, and
the doomed plants bloomed in all the luxuriance of an
[Proc. B.N.E.C. 20
abundant harvest. Ieturning on August 3rd, I beheld with sorrow mere wastes of putrefying vegetation.’’ Who has not heard of old ‘* Black Seab,’’ the pirate chief whose very name strikes terror in the heart of County Down? When the investigator is in doubt, it takes a microscope to make him out. His size is not the quality which chills the farmer’s bone. Rusts, smuts and mildews, all eloquently speak of life cut short or injured. ‘The hordes increase, and us the years go by we have to fight our battles ever and unceasingly. Civilisation brings its joys, but with them comes the bitterness without which how could our joys be sweet? We do not shirk but fight bravely and oft succeed to poise the scales wnevened by upsetting Nature’s balance. The fight, it must go on and will be fought by our sons and theirs; but if it is help you need, some assistance in the fray, write to Agriculture's Ministry, which helps to guard you night and day. Her sons will do their best—they can’t do more ! \ discussion followed, in which the President, J. A. S. Stendall, A. M‘T. Cleland, Miss Sayers, R. J. W ‘elch, and A. H. Davison took part.
THE S0-CALLED VOLCANIC NECKS OF NORTHERN IRELAND.
The third ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Thursday, lOth January, 1929, when Dr. H. P. T. Rohleder delivered a lecture on the above subject. The Reet was occupied by My. J. A. S. Stendall, in the unavoidable absence of the President.
The Lecturer gave the main problems as follows
I. What is the difference between the three geological terms: (x) Dyke, (b) Vent and (ec) Neck?
Il. Is one justified in using the terms “‘ Vent ’’ and “ Neck "in the same sense as has been done up to now in Northern Ireland ?
II]. Are there any real ‘‘ Necks ’’ in North East Ire- laud, and if so, which have to be regarded as such ?
I. (a) Dykes are the infillings of pre-existing fissures
occurring as lines of a foreign material in the *’ country rock.’
The dyke rock frequently proves to be harder than this, and then weathers out as a wall.
1 The Tusi-Mountain, a Tuff Neck.’’ one of ‘‘ Swabia’s 130 Embryonic volcanoes,’* South Germany.
2 The ‘‘ Hohentwiel,”’ a phonolitic ‘‘ Neck,’’ in South Germany.
3 The ‘“‘ Hohenkrahen,’” a phonolitic Neck, in the Hegau Mountains, South Germany.
M SEU! '
1] MAY 31
NATURAL Als LORY:
1928-29. | 21
(b) Volcanic Vents, or funnels, are portions of the chan- uels of Communication between the subterranean reservoir and the surface of the earth. The upper end is frequently marked by a crater, but not necessarily so. Thus a vent 1s no outstanding feature in the geomorphology of a district. In the elassical district of ‘* voleanic vents,’’ the 180 em- bryonic voleanoes of Swabia (Southern Germany), one can traverse the whole, district (an arca of a few hundred square miles) without noticing one of them, if one does not search carefully. And here one can study the different stages from the original crater to a neck, w hich cen be formed when the weathering process continues.
Vents are not frequent in North East ‘Ireland, but a ‘good example is to be found at the well-known Chalk Quarry on the road from Portrush to Bushmills:*
The material which fills these vents in Northern Ire- land varies Jargely and consists of—
(1) Innumerable lumps as big as a man’s head, more or Jess cemented together. These are neither the ordinary plateau basalt nor a normal tuff, but are probably of ex- plosive origin (e.g., the quarry between Portrush. and Bushmills), .
(2) Material which resembles tuff much more than (1), but even here large rounded fragments of basalt predominate although they are cemented into a tuff-like material (e.g underneath Dunluce Castle).
(3) Volcanic breccia, containing large angular or sub- angular inelusions of basalt and sedimentary rocks, chalk in particular (e.g., Carrick-a-Rede).
(4) Fine grained tuff, consisting of sinall fragments of basalt in a white matrix (mostly powdered chalk) (e.g., Kin- bane Head).
(5) Crushed sediments. Sedimentary material from an underlying stratum (chalk) crushed and powdered by voleanic force and thrown up a considerable distance with or without any added volcanic material (e.¢g., White Rocks, near Portrush).
(c) The ideal structure of a volcanic neck is seen at the Hohentwiel (Pl. 1, Fig. 2), in the Hegau Mountains. It is the best example of a “‘ neck ’’ which can be found. The plug or vent of the volcano consists of hard phonolitic rock,
*Vide H. P. T, Rohleder. A Volcanic Vent in the White Rocks Quarry, Portrush, N. Iveland. Zhe Lrish Naturalists’ Journal, Vol. I, 1926, p. 98-100. ,
[Proe. B.N.E.C. aa
standing out as a high mountain, whereas merely incon- siderable masses of tuff are to be found on the left side of the mountains, Showing a smoother and less marked outline. Another typical neck of the same district is shown on Pl. 1, Fig 8, e.g., the steep crag of the Hohenkrihen, built up of phonolite, but without remnants of volcanic tuff or ashes. Pl. I, Fig. 1, shows a “‘ tuff neck ’’ (the Tusi Berg near Metzingen, in Swabia). he original funnel shape of the vent has disappeared, and the hollow of former times now stands out as a mountain, the softer material on the flanks having been denuded away, i.e., the vent has become a neck.. As the mountain consists of volcanic tuff, the slopes are smoother and give less marked outline than in the case of compact igneous rocks. 7S II, Thus two things are essential for a neck: (1) a neck ’’ must be the former funnel of a volcano, and (2) a‘ neck’? must be cut out of the neighbouring rocks as a civcumdenuded remnant and thus be a dominating feature in the physiography of a district. Thus every “ neck ” must be a former “ vent,’’ but certainly not every ‘vent ”’ need be a “‘ neck.”’
It is, therefore, evident that the terms ‘‘ vent ’’ and ‘neck ’’ cannot be used to express the same geological feature, but that each of these terms has its own special Ineaning.
III. As regards the question whether there are any real necks in Northern Ireland, it is of great importance to have a Jook at their shapes.
Ballymoney Hill, near Holywood, called a‘ neck ’’ by the Geological Survey of Ireland, is a small exposure of basalt, not even large enough to be called a quarry. The neighbourhood is absolutely flat, the place is only to be found with the aid of the Survey map, and that after long search. As this small outcrop appears in the Ordovician, it is probably a part of a dyke.
(b) Colin Ward, above Whitewell, is certainly not an outstanding feature in the neighbourhood of Belfast, and although the rock is of a somewhat coarse grain, the term “neck ** js not applicable. |
(c) Carnmoney Hill, up to now regarded ag a “‘ neck,” is a flat mountain, outlines which are certainly not typical of a “ neck.’’ The exposure of a coarse grained rock, ‘ patched *’ on to the south flank of Carnmoney Hill with its well-known jointing resembling horizontal columnar
1928-29. | 235
structure could be explained: by anomalous cooling in. a pri- mary hollow of the chalk.* But even if this were ‘a part of a dyke or a vent, one is not justified in calling Carnmoney Hill a ‘* neck,”’ as expressing it in this way Salle mean that the mountain shape of Carnmoney Hill as a whole was due to the greater hardness of the infilling of a former vent, which is certainly not the case, as the hill itself is merely iu remnant of a flow. ;
~(d) Carrick-a-Rede is doubtless a ‘‘ vent,’’ as shown by the explosive material containing fragments of chalk. But as it is merely a cliff section and not an outstanding eircumdenuded remnant, it is a ‘‘ vent ’’ and not a ‘* neck.’
(e) Slemish Mountain certainly resembles the shape of a ‘‘ neck,”’ as the dominating features of this hill are to be seen from many miles away. But it is difficult to prove its nature as a‘‘‘ vent,’’ and as long as this cannot be done one is justified in regarding Slemish as.a circumdenuded remnant of the lower (mostly coarse grained) basalt flows.
(f) The same is applicable to Tiveragh, near Cushen- dl as in this district (the N.E. corner of Ulster) the basalt has been mostly removed by denudation, and there is no possible proof for a vent at Tiveragh.
(g} Scawt. Hill is a doubtful case. As tegards the shape, it is only “‘ neck-like’’ from the east side, whereas it shows a gradual slope towards the inland.’ If the basalt really intersects the chalk, there is still the possibility of Scawt Hill being a part of a large dyke. In any case it is not a typical neck, but is merely a remnant left. by the gradual process of denudation.
Summarising, -one has to state that in no case can the
Beck ¢ scare ‘of the so-called ‘‘ necks ’’ of Northern
Ireland be proved. The basalts welled up the fissures, now dykes, as has been shown in the last decades in Iceland.
-When the meeting was declared open for discussion, Profesyor Charlesworth remarked that Dr: Rohleder had dis- creetly omitted any reference to the facts which, in the past, have led all earlier workers, including Professors Cole and Hull and Sir A. Geikie, to refer these masses to vents, and to- day, represent insuperable objections to the thesis maintained by Dr. Rohleder, that they form merely residual features ‘of post-basaltic erosion of the surrounding lava-flows. The
Si rT. hokleder ects Carnmoney Hill a voleanic neck? The Irish Naturalists’ Journal, 1926 (Vol. I, pp. 159, 204),
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 24
localised distribution of the coarser types of igneous rock, seen for example at Slemish and Tiveragh, the radially arranged columns displayed at Carnmoney, and the absence of Chalk beneath the so-called basalt relic of Tiveragh, can- not be dismissed by Dr. Rohleder’s assertions, for proof he furnishes none. To ascribe Tiveragh to such post- basaltic erosion of flows is to misread the whole of the physio- sraphic history of the north-east of Ireland since before Cretaceous times. Until something in the nature of proof is forthcoming we may continue tranquilly to adhere to the orthodox view.
S. Turner (Junior), R. J. Welch and C. T. Ingold also took part in the discussion.
THUMBNAIL SKETCHES OF LARNE: PREHISTORIC, HISTORIC AND NON-HISTORIC.
The fourth ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Old Museum on Tuesday, 5th February, 1929, at 8 p.m., when Dr. S. W.Hill delivered a lecture on the above subject. The President (Mr. D. J. Carpenter) occu- pied the chair.
Dr. Hill dealt first with the Liassie period, and then went on to describe the mammoth age, lantern slides of mammoths’ and wild boars’ teeth, which had been found in the Larne district, being shown, as well as a set of views illustrating a fine collection of flint implements from the raised beach at Larne.
lixplaining how the district got the name of Latharna, Dr. Hill said tradition related that an old king of Ireland had twenty-five sons and three daughters, and he divided his kingdom amongst them, giving one son named Lathar the. district extending from Larne to Glenarm, and that district became known as Latharna,.
The lecturer afterwards spoke of the association of St. Patrick with the neighbourhood, and told the old legend of his sale in the slave market in Larne to a Ballymena farmer, who for a number of years kept him herding sheep on Slemish Mountain. There was, said Dr. Hill, probably some truth in the old legend, as there was then a trade in slaves in Ireland. He mentioned a number of churches that had heen founded in the district by St. Patrick, and views of existing churches built on those sites were shown.
The portion of the lecture dealing with the Norse inva- sion was illustrated by an excellent set of views of weapons
1928-29. ] a5
and ornaments found at Larne Harbour, and also the skull of a Viking who was supposed to have been killed in a naval battle at iarte Harbour in 1018.
Dr. Hill referred briefly to Dr. M’Henry, the bard of Larne, and author of “* O'Halloran ’’ and ‘* The Hearts of Steel,”’ and described also a noted local street character named Jimmy Gilgallion.
Iixplaining the origin of the Larne coat of arms, the lecturer said that a fully rigged barque belonging to a Mr. Thomas Dixon, the grandfather of the present Sir Thomas Dixon, Bart., was taken as a model. The motto, “‘ Falce Marique Potens,’’ meant “‘ strong by the sickle and the sea.”’
The lecture was spoken to by the President and Messrs. J Skillen, J. Loughridge, J. A. 8. Stendall, G. C. Reilly, AN. M‘I.°Cleland, and R. J. Welch.
PALASOLITHIC MAN IN SLIGO?
At the fifth ordinary mecting of the Winter Session. held in the Old Museum on Tuesday, 19th February, 1929, at 8 p.m., Professor J. K. Charlesworth, D.Sq.) M_LR.TA: delivered a lecture on the above subject. The President (Mr. D. J. Carpenter) was in the chair.
Professor Charlesworth recapitulated the evidence in support of the view, now universally accepted, that the whole of Ireland was completely buried beneath the ice-sheet of the Glacial Period. This glaciation was succeeded by a recession of the ice of unknown extent, which, after melting back the ice edge to a position somewhere in the region ot the Central Plain, was in turn followed by an advance to a tine drawn from Wexford to the mouth of the Shannon.
During the period of retreat, just mentioned, some of the Pleistocene animals, such as the mammoth, reindeer, and hyena, inhabited the country ; their remains have been found in u few caves in the extreme south, together with the bones of Upper Paleolithic Man.
The existence of Paleolithic Man at Rosses Point, Sligo, which has recently been affirmed, on the discovery of pieces of limestone, claimed to be human artifacts, is rather different from the southern Irish occurrences. The Sligo finds, if substantiated, would require not only an inter- glacial recession but a total removal of the ice from the country. ‘This entire freeing of the country from ice is rendered necessary by the fact that Rosses Point lies only
[Proc. B.N-E.G- 26
some 30 miles from the main ice-shed of Ireland. Though such a complete disappearance is possible, something more in the shape of animal and human remains or beds of peat and vegetable matter is wanted to make it. probable. It would) seem, therefore. inadvisable to .accept. such a deglaciation of the country during glacial times until] more convincing proot has been obtained.
An interesting discussion followed.
SOUTH. AFRICA. JTS .CAGI TO: THEE NATURALIST.
- The sixth ordinary ineeting of the Winter Session was held in the Old Museum on Tuesday, 5th March, 1929, when Rev. W. R. Megaw, B.A., eere a lecture on the above subject. The President (Mr. D Di ea, Carpenter) presided.
The lecturer, introducing his subject, pointed out that South Africa is a high-level, plateau-like country, forty per cent. of it being 4,000 feet above sea level. . The country rises rapidly from the coast tow ards the interior, very ‘little more than the land in the immediate vicinity of the -coast being less than 1,000 feet above sea level. This high, fairly level plateau is at an elevation about half as high again as the summit of Sheve Donard. The continent is prac- tically without islands, and its rivers are borreats and. dust beds in turn. HM
The huge magnitude of the country was dealt with, the bad roads: and limited railways, the early hour of sunset even in summer, and the immense distances from residential tc suitable hunting grounds.
Appreciative mention was made of the amount of good work done in Natural History in spite of the sparse European population and the late date of colonisation. After touching on antiquities and geology the lecturer said that South Africa was supremely a country for the zoologist and botanist.
A series of shdes beginning with the Stormy Petre] and concluding with the Hornbill gave an idea of the variety. in build, plumage, and habit of a few of the 1,000. species of South African birds. The only familiar birds seen by the lecturer were Swallows at Port Elizabeth and three House Sparrows at Durban—the most English town in the Union !
1928-29. | 27 The audience was then shown some very interesting pictures of frogs, from the Bull-frog (7 inches long), down through the Arum frog (1 inch) to the Micro frog, no bigger than a bluebottle fly.
A word on butterflies followed, then a more detailed account of the egg-eating Snake with its wonderful apph- ance for sawing the shell of a pigeon’s egg. ‘T'rap-door Spiders, Glove-weaving and Trap-door Caterpillars were described, and a tribute paid to Mr. Frank Cruden, the dis- coverer of the Glove Moth. Mr. Megaw had the pleasure of several rambles with Mr. Cruden.
Mention was then made of the beauty, variety and unfamiliarity of the flora. Only three homeland plants were seen—Ribwort Plantain, Chickweed and Lesser Duckw eed. This last affords welcome shade to young fish.
Fourteen slides of typical flowers gave the audience an idea of the wealth of colour and form of the extensive flora of the Union. The South African is jealous of the magnifi- cent flora of his country, and most of the wild flowers are strictly protected. The lecturer concluded with a descrip- tion of the beautifully appointed grounds and pond at the Union Buildings, Pretoria, where the blue lotus lly is bathed in continual sunshine.
A discussion followed, those taking part in it being the President and Messrs. J. Skillen, A. Nan Cleland, R.-S. Lepper and R. J. Welch.
LOCAL TEXT-BOOK ILLUSTRATIONS IN GEOLOGY.
At-the seventh and conelud: ng ordinary meeting of the Winter Session, held in the Old Mesum on Tuesday, 26th March, 1929, Mr. R. J. Welch, M.Sc., M.B.I.A., gave a lecture on above subject. sida
Synopsis :—Aqueous Rocks—IZgneous Rocks—Stratified rock sections, vertical, inclined, contorted, &¢.—Atmos- pheric | denudation, joints—river — action—Pot-holes— Glaciers, erraties, moraines, faults—Landslips—Marine erosion, caves, marine pot-holes, sea stacks—block beaches, &e., sandhills—Voleanic sheets and dykes, columnar basalt and other tavas at, and other recent deposits.
[Proc. B.N.F.C.
28
ANNUAL MEETING. Annual Meeting was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Tuesday, 16th April, 1929, at 8 p.m., the President (Mr. D. J. Carpenter) in the chair. The following Reports were presented :—
The
ANNUAL REPORT.
The Committee has pleasure in submitting its Sixty- sixth Annual Report as follows :—
During the year 46 Ordinary Members resigned and 7 died. The names of several members whose Dea aTCs were unpaid for two years have been removed from the roll in accordance with Rule TIT.
Members were 9 Honorary, 1 and 95 Junior, making
Ordinary and 84 Junior The membership now consists of Life, 548 Ordinary,
Forty-eight elected. Corresponding, 2 a total of 650.
Twelve meeting were held during the year, the attendances were :—
at which
Robert Bell 10 .R. 8S. Lepper met oe S. A. Bennett ... as QO Rev. ‘W.. K. Megamerigers 9 A: A, Campbell... . 12 A. BH. Musket} i Oa) D. J. Carpenter op tO: C.- Re Nodder ie een) KE. N. Carrothers 1. 6. Mrs. Nodder va bite Bl Capt. Chase ne 2 6 James Orr Be 2 Aaah | A. M'‘I. Cleland e278, Miss dion aie heed -O W. M. Crawford ... 9 Miss Sayers o 8, LO A. H. Davison ... 12. J. Skillen sie: S. Freeland red Hee sOr ch tA aise Stondall™ 12 J. R. H. Greeves a 6 UR: 3 Welch i: a7,
Fie \ | Meetings were held :—
Conducted hy The President.
leven Summer
Cave Hill (evening) ... 22nd May, 1928
Portmore ‘ 2nd June Sectional Secretaries.
Carngaver (4 day) .. 6th June ... Capt. C. D. Chase.
Monlough (evening) .. 19th June _ §. Freeland and J. A. Ss. Stendall.
Bessbrook 30th June The President and W. A. Green,
Dublin 12th to 14th July... R. J. Welch and A. W. Stelfox.
Scarva (4 day) 21st July A. Albert Campbell and Col. R. G. Berry.
Arboe and Toome 4th August Joseph Skillen,
Greencastie i Craighuliar Quarries ... Mountstewart (4 day)
ist September 8th September
15th September |.
R. J. Welch.
A. Mcl. Cleland,
A. E. Muskett and E. N. Carrothers.
1928-29. | 29
On each oceasion large numbers attended, and the Club was favoured with fine weather.
Bach of the Sections also held Field Meetings, which will be separately reported upon.
On 11th September the Honorary Secretaries resigned, and Mr. Joseph Skillen was appointed to act as Hon. Secretary pro tem.
The Annual Conversazione was held in the Assembly Hall. Fisherwick Place, on 16th October, and was largely attended by members and their friends.
The Club Medal having been awarded to Mr. R. J. Welch, M.Sc., M.R.1.A., the President, in handing it over, paid a high and deserved tribute to Mr. Welch for his work on behalf of Science.
Seven meetings were held during the Winter Session, when the following Addresses were delivered :—
1928. November 20... Presidential Address. December 18... Fungi and Diseases of Plants.
A. #). Muskett, B.S¢., a.r.c.sc. (Lond.). 1929. January 10 ... The So-called Volcanic Necks of
Northern Treland.
HPT. Romtuper, Ph.D. February 5 .... Thumbnail Sketches of Larne: Pre- historic, Historic, and Non- Historic.
Dre S. W. Hin; Larne.
February 19... Prehistoric Man in Shgo? J. K. CHsarLtEswortn, D.SC., M.R.I.A. March 5 ... South Africa: Its Call to the Naturalist. Rev. W. BR. MEGAW, B.A. March 26... Loeal Text-Book Dlustration in Geology.
RK. J. WELCH, M.SC.; M.R.I.A.
The attendance at these meetings was most encouraging, and interesting discussions followed the delivery of the addresses,
We desire to express our thanks to the following for courtesies extended in connection with our Field Meet- ings:—Mr.. M‘Williams, Monlough; Mrs. Williams and Mrs. Richardson, Bessbrook; Miss Bareroft, Newry; Mr. Brunker and Mr. Gorman, of the Dublin N.F. Club; Mr, H, B, Thompson, Scarva; Mr, Christopher Beatty,
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 30
J.P., Coalisland; Mr. H. L. Glasgow, Cookstown; and Lady Londonderry. We also acknowledge our indebtedness to the Press for giving publicity to our activities, and to the local Railway Companies for facilitating our transport arrangements. D. J. Carpenter, President. JOSEPH SKILLEN, Hon. Secretary. RDN LID aS SESE pr CaN DNS Le EE Se a et aie RE TR DECEASED MEMBERS. A. Cousins. RK. H. Gilliland. J. ROX. James Lowry. A. MacCleary. Stephenson M. Macoun. W. G. Younge.
PEG Se Soe tS, De a a ie a iN a NS CTR SD SARIS
HON. LIBRARIAN’S REPORT.
With the transfer of the Club’s Library to the Public Museum the Librarian’s work is restricted, so far as the Club itself is concerned, to the receipt, registration, and ucknowledgement of the Proceedings received from Exchanging Societies. The usual list of such Societies will be found at page 77.
It may be of interest to members to hear that, at the request of the Curator, I have undertaken the work of putting in order the Libr: ary at the New Museum. I have inade a commencement of the work of preparing for bind- ing the many bundles of Proceedings of Exchanging Societies which formerly filled our bookeases. When bound they will be rendered much more useful.
W. M. Crawrorpn, ‘Hon. Librarian. REPORT OF HON. RECORDING SECRETARY,
The year 1928 will long be remembered in Northern Ireland for its chilliness and abnormal rainfall. Our aver- age annual precipitation is 82 inches, whereas 1928 gave a reading of 41.09 inches, recorded at Armagh Obserrany. August being the wettest month with 6.92 inches,
1928-29.) 31
Notwithstanding, recorded: phenological dates show no great variation from other years, though flowers were some- what backward and there was little ripening of soft fruits, the blackberry crop failing entirely.
There is no use here giving phenological soul as such already have appeared in print in The Irish Naturalists’ Journal, Vol. II, No. 7, and are available to all members.
Noteworthy bird notes for the year include the record- ing of the White Wagtail, Motacilla a. alba I., on the south shore of Lough Neagh, 30th April, 1928, by Mr. J. A. Benington (I.N.J. “ag BD), and of a flock of Black-tatled Godwits, Limosa l. limosa (L.) in the same district, also by Mr. Benington CPN fe Lig SL)
Mr. Benington is to be congratulated on proving beyond doubt that the Pintail, Anas a. acuta Iu., may be claimed as an Irish breeding species. He found a nest in County Armagh last year, and on sending an egg and down feathers to the British Museum the species proved to be Pintail. There are two previous records of Pintails which were supposed to have bred in Treland, but this is the first authentic instance. .
A Wigeon, Anas penelope L., was obtained on Lough Erne on Ist August, 1928, a suspiciously late date for a Winter migrant ie ae found in this country. (GLI ali lel 110.)
A Corncrake was observed in Ormeau Park, Belfast, on 9th December, 1928, during snowy weather, thus prov- ing once again that this bird does sometimes stay in [reland during the winter months (I.N.J. II, 161).
On 14th Deeember a fine male Common: Bittern, . Botaurus s. stellaris (I.), was caught alive at Ballvrea, near Newtownards.
On March 7th, Mr. W. G.. Byron, of Castlerock, dis- covered a Giant Squid washed up by the sea, which had a total length of 5ft. 8in, the long arm (one was wanting) being 2ft. 103in. The body girth was 22in. The animal was forwarded to the British Museum authorities, who pro- nounce it to be a species of the genus Sthenoteuthis, and probably S. pteropus, recorded from Treland but twice pre- viously—on the coast of Mayo and of Clare. Full details when available will be given in The Irish Naturalists’ _Journal.*
*7,.N.J., Vol, II, p. 181, aha Nat
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 32
Districts in Co. Fermanagh were -visited last summer by swarms of caterpillars of the Greasy Fritillary butterfly, Melita aurinia L., which eaused much alarm but little harm ; while another form of visitation took place at Comber, where a shower of Sticklebacks was reported, due to a whirl- wind.
The visit to Northern Ireland of the British Bryological Society naturally added to the moss and hepatic lists. Of Mosses 58 new county records are reported, including six species and six varieties new to Ireland. There are 17 new county records of Sphagna and 63 new county records of Hepatic s, one being new to Ireland. These finds were made in Northern Ircland and Counties Leitrim and Sligo, and are fully reported by the Hon. Recording Secretary of the Bibs. - (Mr oJ) Bt Dunean) in Loe . Teas
J. A. Sipney Stenpar., Hon. Recording Secretary.
REPORT OF BOTANICAL SECTION.
The number of members joining the Botanical Section was forty-nine. Six excursions were held as follows May 19th, Ballywalter; June 5th (evening), Colin Glen: June 12th (evening), Col. F. H. Crawford’s Rock Garden ; June 23rd, Conlig; July 7th, Larne and Magheramorne ; September 22nd, C Shureh Island (Lough Beg). The last was 4 joint excursion with the Archeological Section. The average attendance at excursions, ineluding visitors, was about twelve.
Among the more interesting plants observed during the excursions the followi ing may be noted :—
Ballywalter—Viera lathyroides (Spring Vetch), Ceras- lium semidecandrum, Cherophyllum anthriscus, Scilla verna (Vernal Squill).
Colin Glen—Equisetum trachyodon m its old station ; Carer pendula.
Conlig—Gymnadenia conopsea (Fragrant Orchid), abundant; Botryechium lunaria (Moonwort), about 12 specimens; Pyrola media.
Magheramorne-—-Only two specimens of Bee Orchid could be found after a thorough search,
Larne—Lepidium sp. (alien), in railway sidings,
Church Island—Rhamnus cartharticus, Callitriche autumnalis,
1928-29. ] 33
We are indebted to Capt. Chase for guiding us to several interesting localities. C. R. Nopprr, Hon. Secretary.
REPORT OF GROLOGICAL SHCTION.
The Section made four excursions during the Session to the following places :—Ligoniel and Forth River, Cavehill Quarry, Cloughwater and Ballycloughan, and Craighuliar and Portrush.
At Ligoniel a careful inspection w as made of the recently discovered dyke of *‘ White Trap ”’ or ‘* White Basalt,’’ an illustrated account of which appeared in) The Irish Naturalists’ Journal for July, 1928 (Vol. IT, p. 75).
On the Forth River the prineipal points noted were the fine cliff of basalt and the excellent exposure of gypsum in Triassie marls, both these to be observed on the left bank of the river.
At the visit to Cavehill Quarry the= many points of interest in this well-known exposure were noted and speei- mens obtained.
The exeursion to Cloughwater and Ballyeloughan was most successful, and the journey, being made by charabane, was accomplished with the minimum of fatigue.
In addition to visiting the rhyolite quarries at Clough- water and Ballycloughan, and bringing away very good specimens, the nee “inspected the basalt quarry at Killy- flagh and an interesting esker at Moatown.
When making the excursion to Craighuliar the mem- bers were met at Portrush by Mr. W. A. Traill, Managing Director of the Causeway Tramw ay Co. (the premier electric tramway of the world), who accorapanied the party to a quarry and introduced them to the genial manager, Mr. M*Donald, who paid them every attention.
A.) MIs Cumann, | ' R. Brrr i Hon. Secretaries
REPORT OF ZOOLOGICAL,.SECTION.
During the past year a good deal of collecting was done on the summer excursions, ‘especially on that to Portmore, but the results have not vet been fully worked out.
An interesting phenomenon was brought to the notice of the Secretary some time ago, which is worthy of record,
(Proc. B.N.F.C. 34
In the Sixtowns district of Co. Tyrone a willow tree growing by the roadside became known locally as the ‘* honey-bush ”’ on account of the strong smell of honey which emanated from it. A close search was made in the stem of the tree and in the neighbouring bank for bee’s ** bikes ’’ or stores of deserted honey but without avail. Further examination showed that the scent was due to copious exudations of ‘ honey-dew ”’ from myriads of aphides on the tree.
J. Orr, Hon. Secretary.
REPORT OF ARCHMOLOGICAL SECTION.
During the past summer there were four excursions. The first was to Glenarm by motor coach. On reaching Glenarm a severe thunderstorm took place, but the party was then ceujoying the hospitable shelter of the Antrim Arms Hotel. No rain subsequently disturbed the comfort of the afternoon, although many heavy thunder showers were travelling around, ‘The site of the ancient Friary in the parish churchyard was visited, as was the Barbican Tower, with its collection of antiquities, and the gardens of Antrim Castle. Mr. John Clarke and Mr. Wall, of the estate office, are to be thanked for their assistance on this occasion.
The second visit was to Shane’s Castle by rail to Antrim and then by the large and commodious motor boat now cruising each summer on Lough Neagh. The party em- barked on this boat at Massereene Park, and on returning from their visit to the Castle had a delightful though short water trip up the Sixmile River.
The third excursion was a very interesting one, being a visit to Church Island, Lough Beg. Motor coach was taken to Ballyscullion, Co. Derry, and by row boat over the flooded meadows to the island. The Holy Well and ruined church were examined with interest, and Capt. Chase found on the island a rare shrub, the Purging Buckthorn. Our thanks
are due to Mr. Grant, of the O’Neill Arms Hotel for arrang- ing the water transport.
The last excursion was held jointly with the Junior Section, being a ramble through Old Belfast. Mrs. Nodder, the Junior Section Secretary, had her charges there in large numbers, and the Archeological Section was also freely repre- sented. The ramble started at the Old Carrickfergus coach road (now North Queen Street), visited the old Shankill Graveyard (site of the ancient parish church), examined the watch house used to circumvent the activities of the resurrec-
A eee)
tionists, and the Bullaun Stone at the door of St. Matthew's Church, used until lately as a pin well. The excursion fitly terminated at the parish church, the new Cathedral of St. Anne's.
No winter meetings were held during the Session. At present there are 72 names on the roll of the Section.
JOSEPH SKrLLEN, Hon. Secretary.
REPORT OF JUNIOR SECTION.
The number of Junior members now on the list is 95.
Of this number 34 have been elected this year. Seven 3 eyes
members have been transferred to the Senior members’ list.
. . . . AG ¢ . = Me
Prior to the introduction in April, 1928, of the rule requiring Junior members to pay a subscription the number of members was 105.
The task of running the Section is made enjoyable by the consistent enthusiasm of a number of Junior members and by the extreme willingness of the most learned natural- ists in the Club to help the Juniors.
The average attendance at summer excursions was about eighteen, and at winter evening talks about twelve. The thanks of the Junior Section are due to Mr. J. A. Ben- ington, Miss Rea, Mr. Angus Maedonald, Mr. J. A. S. Stendall, Dr. Adelaide Davin, Mr. E. N. Carrothers, the Vice-President, the President, Mr. J. R. H. Greaves, Mr. J. Skillen, Mr. R. J. Welch, Mr. Robert Bell, and Mr. A. A. Campbell for leading the excursions. These were yaried and interesting. Only two were spoiled by bad weather.
May 26—Gulls’ nesting place near Derrytrasma.
June §$—Seaweeds at Carnalea.
June 27—Antiquarian walk through Mallusk and Roughfort..
July 7—Old Lambeg, and a talk on plant breeding at the Linen Research Institute.
July 28, September 8, October 6—Survey excursions to Colin Mountain top. There were also some other small excursions attended by only three or four members for their own collections.
August 11—General excursion to Carnalea as guests of Mr. Lepper.
September 29—Antiquarian walk around Old Belfast,
{[Proc. B.N.F.C. 36
March 9—Excursion to pearl mussel beds, Holywood.
March 28—Excursion to a series of interesting geological sites between Belfast and White Mountain, also Castle Robin.
For talks given in the Old Museum through the winter oe Section has to thank the President, the Vice-President, Capt. Chase, Mr. W. M. Crawford, Mr. Reilly, Mr. Aneus Macdonald, Mr. Welch, and Miss Nora F isher, all of whom spared no trouble in giving the talks, always along with demonstrations. The ‘subjects of the talks were Fossils, a ee aR of Field Botany, Plant Mounting. Insect Mount- 3, Beetle Collecting, Fiints and Making “of Apparatus for Callecting and Preparing Shells.
The Junior Section is grateful to Mr. KR. 8. Lepper, ‘Dr. Adelaide Davin, Mrs. Scott, of Roughfort, and Mr. and Mrs. R. VY. Cleeland for their kind hospitality during the season.
An interesting feature of the Junior Seetion is the tendency of the individual members to specialise in one or
two branches of Natural History. Few, even of the youngest, will bring home a mixed bag of specimens. |
um told by those who know that some of the more advanced specialists among the Junior members have in their own subjects a really sound foundation of knowledge, which they owe largely to the painstaking teaching of our President.
A modest beginning in regional survey was attempted in September and October on a limited area of Colin Moun- tain dop.
Ten Junior members took each a section of the survey,
and undertook to get the specimens named and to compile alist;
About fifteen other Junior members helped in the eol- lecting and gave or described their finds to the one in charge of that pi wicul: ar section, An excellent spirit of team work showed itself, as some of the hardest workers were not in the least discouraged when they found they gained no personal glory by their finds. Another piece of team work is being carried out by Miss Fisher, Mr. John M‘Williams and Mr, Ranald Macdonald. These three are seriously collecting land and sea water shells, and they made a joint exhibition at the Conversazione. A small but growing
number of Juniors possess and use Stewart & Corry’s Flora of N.E, Ireland.
1928-29. ]
Si
Some parents and friends of the Junior Section have sometimes attended the excursions and talks. Their presence has been most weleome and often of great assistance,
The Jumor Committee functions well, and is outspoken in the interests of Junior members. There have been four meetings in the season, the attendances being as follows :— The President, 3; Vice-President, 2; Angus Macdonald, 4; Miss N. Fisher, 0; Miss Phyllis M‘Kee, 0; Miss N. Stendall, 4; Mr. Jack Blair, 4; Mrs. Nodder, 4.
Although there were entries of the highest merit for the prizes offered for the year’s work there were only two or three for each prize. In view of the large amount of work done this is surprising, and suggests that Junior members need to be encouraged to submit their work for competition for prizes.
A large number of Junior members attended the Con- versazione. he exhibits of the vear’s work seemed to be of great general interest. A few exhibits gave evidence of outstanding serious individual work.
Winirrep Nopprr, Hon. Secretary.
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1928-29. | 39
The following oftice-bearers were elected for the Session 1929-30 :—President, Miss W. J. Sayers; Vice-President. Captain C. D. Chase; Honorary Secretary, J. Skillen; Honorary Treasurer, A. H. Davison; Honorary Librarian, W. M. Crawford; Honorary Recording Secretary, J. A. 5. Stendall; Honorary Secretaries of Sections—Botanical. C. R. Nodder; Geological, Robert Bell and A. M‘I. Cleland ; Zoological, J. Orr; Archeological, J. Skillen and 8. Freeland; Junior, Mrs. C. R. Nodder. Ordinary members of Committee (to fill vacancies)—-(to retire 1931) R. V. Cleeland ; (to retire 1932) D. J. Carpenter, BE. N. Carrothers and C. BE. Kerr.
. CLUB MEDALLISTS.
1923—William Swanston, F.G.S. ei
1924——Nevin H. Foster, F.L.S.,.M.R.1.A.. M.B.0O.U.
1925—Nathaniel Carrothers.
1926—Robert Bell.
1927—-R. Lloyd Praeger, D.Sc., M.R.I.A.
1928—R. J. Welch, M.Sc., M.R.1.A.
Mr. R. J. Welch, it can safely be said, is the best known person among the Club’s hundreds of members, and further- more is almost equally well known throughout the length and breadth of Ireland and not unknown elsewhere.
Mr. Welch's interests have been, and still are, many. Throughout his long and honourable life he has possessed an insatiable appetite for work. The sciences of Zoology, Botany and Geology have been as food to him, while Archeology has been the dessert which has followed. As a nature photographer he remains unsurpassed, and as a lecturer he has won golden opinions.
His fund of knowledge has been gathered at first hand. for in the field he has been and still is a most enthusiastic and happy worker. There is no branch of Field Club work which has not benefited by Mr. Welch’s activities. He has been associated with many faunistic surveys, including that carried out by the Royal Irish Academy on Clare Island.
He has paid particular attention to the study of mollusca, especially the land and freshwater mollusca of Treland, and has added many records.
His contributions to the literature of Science and Archeology have enriched the pages of innumerable journals,
|Proc. BN EC 40
while his incomparable photographs have been used to illus- trate many lmportant monographs, text-books, and reports.
In 1900 he was honoured by Her Majesty Queen Vietoria in being appointed her Natural History and Hthno- graphie Photographer in Ireland.
In 1928 he had the honour of. being President of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, this being the first time for an Irishman to occupy the office. He has jicon a life member of the Royal Irish Academy since 1905, and in 1925 the Queen’s University of Belfast thought fit to honour him with the degree of Master of Chence (Honorts Causa).
Of our own Club he is a past President and Ifonorary Secretary, and has been an active member of Committee for many years.
Junior members have always had in Mr. Welch a warm friend,
4!
PROCEEDINGS
AND ANNUAL REPORT
OR hme
BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.
for the Year “Ending 3st March,.. 1930
SIXTY: SEVENTH YEAR).
SERIES Il. PART II.
VOLUME IX. 1929-1930.
W.
EDITOR:
M. CRAWFORD), Firs, F-z.s.
4
Belfast Naturalists Field Club.
SIXTY-SEVENTH YEAR, 1929-30.
GENERAL COMMITTEE.
President: Miss W. J. SAYERS, B.a.
Vice-President: Capt. C. D. CHASE, M.c., M.A
Hon, Treasurer : A. H. DAVISON, r.n.s.a.1., 32 Wellington Place, Belfast.
Hon. Librarian: W. M. CRAWFORD, b.a., ¥.£.S., F.Z.8., Orissa, Marlborough Park South, Belfast. Hon. Recording Secretary:
J. A. 8S. STENDALL, m.2.1.4., .B.0.U., Deva, Haypark Avenue, Belfast.
Hon, Secretary of Botanical Section: C. R. NODDER, m.a., The Corner House, Lambeg.
Hon. Secretaries of Geological Section: ROBERT BELL, 64 Newington Avenue, Beltast. A. M‘I. CLELAND, 28 Green Road, Knock, Belfast.
Hon. Secretary of Zoological Section: JAMES ORR, m.z.0.u., 17 Garfield Street, Belfast.
Hon. Secretaries of Archzological Section: JOSEPH SKILLEN, 25 Stranmillis Gardens, Belfast. S. FREELAND, The Museum, Stranmillis Road, Belfast.
Hon, Secretary of Junior Section: Mrs. C. R. NODDER, The Corner House, Lambeg.
Ordinary Members of Committee:
r.R.S.A.9.
Retire 1930. Retire 1931. Retire 1932. Miss W. M. Rea, m.sc. | A. Albert Campbell, D. J. Carpenter, Rev. W. R. Megaw, B.A., EB S.8.1. A.R.C.SC.L. M.R.I.A. R. V. Cleeland. kK. N. Carrothers. R. J. Welch, .sc., | R. S. Lepper, M.4., | CG. Ey Kerr na,
M.R.I.A. LL.M., F.R.HIST.SOC.
Hon. Secretary: JOSEPH SWKILLEN, 25 Stranmillis Gardens, Belfast.
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45
PROCEEDINGS.
EE SUMMER SESSION. ——— —--( \——————_——.
PURDYSBURN GLEN AND MEALOUGH.
Date --28th May, 1929 (‘Tuesday evening). Conductor—J. A. S. Stendall, M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U. Number present, 68.
Permission to enter Purdysburn Glen, kindly granted by Mr. James Harpur, was fully appreci inted by a large band of members, among which the Junior element was largely represented. Iintering by the main gate the members were quickly exploring the woodlands, richly bedecked with early flowers; passing to the open glade where all were soon at work collecting. Some members chose the Burn itself as their hunting ground, from which mollusks and other dwellers therein were taken, to be identified and explained. The botanists, although they did not find anything of special note, had an interesting time and found much to discuss.
The return was via Mealough, where the migrant ee gave 2 grecting, passing on to “the Saintfield Road and. : steady three miles tramp in the gathering gloom.
LARRIBAN CLIFFS AND BALLINTOY.
Date —8th June, 1929. Conductors—Rev. E. M. Gumley, B.D., and R. J. Welch, M.R.T.A. > Number present, 40.
A large party of members left Belfast by the 9.15 train for Portrush.
On arrival there, they got into motor charabanes, and, joined by 7 or 8 other members and Mr. J. J. Phillips, F.R.S.A., a former member of the Club now resident at Portrush, were soon on their way to Dunluce Castle, the first stopping place.
The repairs now being effected by the Ancient Monu- ments Department of the Ministry of Finance were inspected, Mr. Welch, conductor for this part of the tour, pointing out the various interesting details that had been discovered dur- ing the late excavations, viz., the laying bare of the original lagging and other pavements of the various buildings and courtyards on the ‘de
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 40
Leaving Dunluce, the party were soon running along above Whitepark Bay, and were not long reaching Ballintoy Harbour, where they were met by an old member of the Club, Mr. W. A. Traill, managing director of the electric
railway. Mr. Traill led the party down to the harbour, where he showed them two very large Ammonites on rocks at Port Campy. Here the party scattered for lunch all
over the little swards under the cliffs, which, with some big caves, gave the party shelter while a smart shower passed over. At the inner end of one of the caves there is a well supplying some fisher folk families close at hand. ‘This was, of course, inspected and some nice specimens of the Marine Fern (Asplenium marinum) were noticed high up in the roof. |
After the shower cleared off Dr. J. Wilfrid Jackson, M.Se., I°.G.S., of Manchester Museum, ex-President of the Conchologieal Society, a visitor with the party, gave a lueid description of some interesting geological features near the harbour, including a large area of slickenside, a curious rock surface, caused by large masses of rock in earth movements sliding against each other with terrifie pressure, and heat caused by the friction.
The party then split into three, the younger more energetic members going off with the Rev. EH. M. Gumley, B.D., the hon. secretary of the affiliated club, the Route N.F.C. (who was the local conductor for the Ballintoy section of the tour) to climb down the cliff path at Larriban Bay to the stalaectite and fern caves.
Another party went under Mr. A. A. Campbell’s euid- ance to see the ancient memorials of the Stewart and other families at the church, while a third climbed down into Boheeshane Bay with Mr. Welch to see marine shell crypts and a fine example of a badger’s earth,
A party of 14 members of the affiliated Route Naturalists’ Meld Club had joined the parent club party at the school- house on the way down; they had tea earlier and departed lor Coleraine before the Belfast party.
The President of the Belfast club, Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A., held the usual business meeting after tea, and wel- comed Dr. J. W. Jackson. After four new junior members had been elected, Mr. A. A. Campbell moved and Mr, Robert Bell seconded, ‘‘ that the best thanks
1929-30. ] 47
of the party and the club generally be conveyed to the Ministry of Finance for their care of our national monu- ments and the careful way in which the Ministry’s Works Department are carrying out necessary repairs for their safety.’ Captain Fullerton was also thanked for services rendered the party during their visit, and for his care of that fine sanctuary of the old Irish fauna and flora, White- park Bay, a fine hunting ground also for the pre- historian and geologist.
MAGHERA AND DISTRICT.
Date—Saturday, 15th June, 1929. Conductors—Rev. Dr. Marshall and A, A. Campbell. Number present, 36.
Members, in charge of Mr. A. Albert Campbell, F.RS.AT., journeyed to Maghera, County Derry. Others jomed the party from Belfast, Macosquin, Cookstown, and Kilrea. The Rey. Dr. Marshall acted as conductor for the day.
The ruins of St. Lurach’s Church and his grave in the
adjoining churchyard were first visited. The church is a simple, oblong building, of which the east wall is almost gone. The doorway was evidently constructed before the
days of arch building, as it has jambs sloping inwards from bottom to top, surmounted by a single-stone lintel, orna- mented with beautiful relief carving representing the Crucifixion. The Saint’s grave is marked by « low head- stone, which has a wheel-cross incised on it.
Proceeding to Tirnoney, about a mile north-west of the
town, a fine dolmen was visited. A kistvaen is attached to it. On a hill close by could be seen an earthen ring fort.
A short distance farther on are the ruins of the church of Killelagh, apparently of about the same age as St. Lurach’s. St. Keiran, whose name is preserved in the neighbouring townland of Tullykeeran, was its patron saint. On the way to it, at the side of a field, a bullaun stone was noted, and lying against the boundary wall of the church was a curious eae with two basin-shaped cavities, or bullauns, hollow ed out of it and placed close together.
Killelagh Lough, where two botanists of the party, Mr. Megaw and Captain Chase, found a rare little sedge (Carew le Pewee ula), was passed on the way to the Sw ate house in the townland of Tirkane. It is an oval-shaped mound built against a steep rocky bank in a lonely glen. The entrance
(Proc. B.N.F.C. 48
is about two feet high and a foot and a half wide. — It has an oblong chamber eight fect long, built with unhewn stones. At the upper end is a hole in the roof, which can be coyered by a stone. The procedure for a bath was as follows :— ‘Turf was piled inside and the fire kindled and allowed to burn down. ‘The interior became like a baker’s oven. The ashes were then swept out, the bather crept in, and a large flat stone was placed against the door, After an interval of about an hour the bather crept out again and plunged into a pool of water some eighteen feet away. This treat- ment, a precursor of the modern Turkish bath, was supposed to cure rheumatism. The sweat-house vielded a fine z00- locical specimen—the cave spider (Meta menardii), believed to be the first record for County Londonderry; and the botanists found in the glen the thistle, Carduus pratensis, and the rare little orehid, Habenaria albida.
On the return to Maghera, a business meeting was held, the President (Miss W, J. Sayers, B.A.) in the chair, when a member was elected to the junior section, and a vote of thanks-was accorded to Dr. Marshall for his assistance as conductor.
BELVOIR PARK.
Date--Tuesday evening, 18th June, 1929. Conductors—Rev. W. Ni. Mesaw and J. A. S. Stendall. Number present, 130.
A Jarge party of members and friends of the Club visited 3elvoir Park by permission of Mr. J. H. Burke Murphy, J.P
Proceeding through Newtownbreda village to the main entrance to the demesne, the conductors led the way along the avenue to the mansion house, erected by the Hon. Arthur Hill Trevor, afterwards Viscount Dungannon. The “‘big oak,’’ from which, in 1885, Sir Robert Bateson took his title of Lord Deramore, was pointed out. Afterwards the old graveyard containing the site of the ancient Church of Breda was visited, and beside the Dungannon vault Mr. A. A. Campbell, at the request of the conductors, gave a short. resume of the history of the Hill Trevor family, and men- tioned that the first Lord Dungannon’s daughter, Anne, after whom Annadale was named, married) Lord Morning- ton, and was the mother of the great Duke of Wellington. Part of the future Duke’s boyhood was spent at Annadale Hell, where his mother resided in the early vears ‘of her widowhood, Gog .
1929-30. | 49
Proceeding, the party traversed the old rock garden, still showing traces of a former wealth of flowering shrubs and Alpines, and again passing the mansion house arrived at the large earthen burial mound. Mr. Campbell explained that these sepulchral tumul, generally the graves of great chiefs, were held in veneration, and were the recognised places for religious and deliberative assemblies in primitive times. Consequently they would become centres of popula- tion, and for the convenience of this population the carly Christian missionaries erected churches close by. This accounted for the frequently close proximity of ancient churches and sepulchral mounds—e.g., at Knock, Drumbeg, Dundonald and Holywood. When Belvoir demesne was formed in 1740 the old village settlement was removed and the new town of Breda (Newtownbreda) came into exist- ence.
Passing on from the mound, a path skirted by the giant hog weed was followed, and the party made its way through thickets to the old cart road leading to an exit from the park.
The botanists found the following:—bitter Cress, Cardamine amara; Sandwort Arenaria trinervis ; Bird’s- nest Orchis, Neottia nidus-eavis; Tutsan, Hypericum androsemum ; and Sedge, Carex riparia.
Of birds, the Grasshopper Warbler was heard.
Rain rather spoiled the enjoyment of the evening, but the beauties of the great park even on the showery evening
were a revelation to many who had never previously been mside the walls.
RAM’S ISLAND, LOUGH NEAGH.
Date-—Saturday, 29th June, 1929. Conductor-——-H. C. Lawlor. Number present, 74.
Glorious weather favoured the fifth seasonal excursion, when seventy-four members and friends, seven of whom hailed from New Zealand, visited the site of the old Celtic Monastery on Ram’s Island, Lough Neagh. The pier at Langford Lodge had been placed at the disposal of the Club by Colonel Pakenham. The Antrim Motor Boat Company's launch conveyed the party in two relays to the island. The conductor, Mr. H. C. Lawlor, M.A., explained what was known of the history of the Monastery and the archi- tectural features of the Round Tower, He tentatively
(Proc. B.N.F.C. 5°
identified Ram’s Island with ‘‘ Inis Darcarerenn of Loch Echarch,’’ which finds mention several times in the Annals. The present condition of the tower is very bad, and unless skilfully repaired much of the western side may at any time collapse.
The botanically and conchologically interested members of the party found much to engage their attention, especially on the long, narrow, low-lying northern end of the island. Here the yellow iris was found in profusion, growing to a height of 6 ft. 6 in., with meadow sweet almost as high. The geologists had much to interest them in the old beach which surrounds the island some ten feet above the present water level. Here were to be found glacial erratics from places far distant, the original locality of which was explained by Mr. Welch. He also exhibited examples of the some- what rare land shells which he had found here, such as Zonitoides nitidus, Vertigo antivertigo, and the curious Lough Neagh form of Limna_ stagnalis, palustris and pereger. .
A delightful al fresco tea was provided at the cottage by Mrs. Lawlor and Miss Heron, after which an informal! meeting of the Club was called by the President, Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A., when hearty votes of thanks were passed to Colonel Pakenham for placing his boat quay at the disposal of the Club and allowing the members the enjoyment of wandering round his beautiful demesne, and to Lord O’Neill ‘for allowing the excursion to inspect Ram’s Island.
Belfast was reached at 9.15 p.m.
BUNDORAN AND DISTRICT.
Date—11th-15th July, 1929. Conductors—R. J. Welch, M.Sc., M.R.1.A., and Alex. H. Davison. Number present. 45.
The party left the G.N.R. terminus, Belfast, at 4.15 p.m. on Thursday, 11th July, and took up headquarters at Hamilton’s Hotel, Bundoran. Friday morning was spent among the rock pools at the West End where Mr. R. J. Welch, M.Se., M.R.I.A., pointed out and described the rich fauna and flora of these famous pools. After lunch the party proceeded to Roughie Rocks and Aughrus Head where the geologists obtained many fossils from the Carboniferous rocks.
The walk was continued by the Fairy Bridges—interc st- ing examples of coast erosion—to the Finner Strand, where
1929-30.] 51
the dunes were explored for flint implements. After dinner Mr. R. J. Welch gave an interesting talk on the marine specimens collected during the day.
On Saturday morning the party motored to the Falls and Abbey of Assaroe. After examining these and the monk’s cave close by a start was made for Brown Hall, Ballintra, where the interesting underground river—The Pullins—was explored. Lunch was partaken of in the woods, after which the botanists and zoologists commenced an enjoy- able search for specimens.
At Brown Hall the party were received by Captain and Mrs. Hamilton and daughters who exhibited many antiques and works of art, including a three-fingered Celtic bronze bell found in a bog near Ballintra.
The return journey was made via Rossnowlagh, where some time was spent on the Strand. A number of the party proceeded to Kilbarron Castle, the ruined Castle of the O’Cleerys, authors of “‘ The Annals of the Four Masters.’’ After dinner the President, Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A., described the botanical finds of the day.
On Sunday the party divided into sections; some re- mained at Bundoran while others motored to various places of interest in the district, including Drumcliff Round Tower and Cross, Glencar, Shgo Abbey and Ben Bulbin, and Rosses Point.
On Monday morning after breakfast a business meeting was held at which votes of thanks were passed to Captain and Mrs. Hamilton, the G.N.Rly. traffic department and the proprietor and staff of the hotel. It was also made the occasion of an interesting presentation of a memento of the excursion to Mr. R. J. Welch, one of the conductors. The party returned to Belfast by train leaving at 11.20.
STRANGFORD LOUGH (WEST SIDE).
Date-—20th July, 1929. Conductors—D. E. Lowry and J. Skillen. Number present, 50.
This excursion had principally in view places of archeological and historical interest along the west coast of Strangford Lough from Comber to Ringhaddy. The mem- bers proceeded to Comber by motor bus and were met by some coming in private cars at the Gillespie’s Monument in Comber-Square. The first point of call was the Ballygratfan dolmen, and here a short description was given of dolmens as sepulchral monuments,
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 5 2
Castlespie Standing Stone was then visited, the probable site of Bishop Innoc’s Church founded by St. Patrick, and the name (Castle EKaspuic), the Castle of the Bishop, pre- serves the tradition. Next, the route lay past Tullynakill old church to see a “‘ squatted ’’ house, the site of an old cockpit. Then, coasting by Ballydorn and Sketrick Castle, the party came to Whiterock Hill, the top of which gave them extensive views over the Lough and neighbourhood. Coming down froin the hill, a visit to the old church and Elizabethan Castle at Ringhaddy brought the excursion to an end, save for the meeting for tea at Newtownards.
GALGORM DEMESNE AND PORTGLENONE.
Date—d3rd August, 1929. Conductor—J. Skillen. Number present, 50.
On arriving at Galgorm Castle, permission to visit having been kindly granted by the Right Hon. W. R. Young, the party was met by a local member of the Club, Dr. D’ Evelyn, J.P., and Mr. A. Raphael. Mrs. W. R. Young, J.P., extended a warm welcome and entertained the party to tea. Before leaving Mr. R. 8S. Lepper expressed the gratitude of the Club for Mr. and Mrs. Young’s kindness. ‘he old chapel was afterwards visited, as well as the Rath and Colville’s Pool in the River Maine. On the way to Portglenone a stop was made at Tullyhill to view the magni- ficent scenery of the Bann Valley, and here Dr. Stewart, of Portglenone, and Mr. D. G. Montgomery, of Lisrodden, met the excursion to act as guides to the shores of the Bann. At Portglenone Dr. Stewart’s magnificent collection of bronze weapons, flint implements, coins, &c., were on view and examined with great interest. Before starting to walk to the Rough Islands on the County Derry side of the river Mrs. Stewart and her family entertained the excursionists to an al fresco lunch in their beautiful garden and in perfect weather. The walk along the river bank to the Rough Islands was an enjoyable one, and Dr. Stewart gave a talk on the history and lore of the district. At New Ferry, where there is an antiquated horse ferry worked with a windlass and chain, the party crossed to visit the site where flint artifacts were found under the diatomaceous clay. The clay here is five feet deep, and under it were found fire hearths and manufactured _ flints,
1929-50. 1] sé
While at this place Mr. Gracey, of Kilrea, actually found a wrought flint in situ. Tea was taken at Mr. Grant's hotel in Toome, and afterwards a meeting was held, the President (Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A.) in the chair, when a vote of condolence was passed to the relatives of the late Dr. S. W. Hill, J.P., of Larne—all the members standing— and an announcement made that out of respect to his memory the excursion to Glenarm arranged for 31st August would be abandoned. The President also conveved the warm thanks of the Club to Dr. Stewart, his wife and family, and to Mr. D. G. Montgomery for helping to make what was a red-letter day in the excursions of the Club.
DERRYADD AND LOUGH NEAGH SHORE.
Date—3lst August, 1929. Conductor—R. J. Welch. ‘Number present, 55.
This was a half-day excursion, the members leaving the Old Museum at 2 p.m. by motor bus. Old Shankill grave- yard, a pre-Reformation burying place, was visited on the way. On arrival at the mouth of the Upper Bann, where it flows into Lough Neagh at Charlestown, the party scattered, some looking for plants. The best finds of these botanists included the Frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ran2), the Marsh Veronica (Veronica scutellata), the Nodding Bur Marigold (Bidens cernua), and also fine masses of that typical wet bog plant, the Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia). Mean- while others of the party searched the shore for shells, but the water of both river and lough was too high for this, though some small pebbles of jasper were found in the gravel. On the return journey, a halt was made in Lurgan for tea, after which a short business meeting, presided over by the President (Miss W. J. Sayers), was held, and a new Junior Section member elected. Belfast was finally reached about 8.45 p.m.
RAMBLE AROUND OLD BELFAST.
Date—Saturday, 7th September, 1929. Conductor—Joseph Skillen. Number present, 80.
Members and friends met at the Municipal Museum, a visit being made to the Belfast Room to examine the Magowan collection of paintings and engravings, chiefly views of the city as it was in the latter half of the 19th century.
[Proc. B.N.F.C 54
Way was then made to the Charitable Institution, where the first organised attempt was made in Belfast to deal with poverty, a society that in earlier days issued leences to beggars to pursue their avocations.
Clifton Street Old Graveyard was next visited, where many old Belfast worthies are buried. The party passed through Carrick Hill, formerly the old coach road, Carrick- fergus—Belfast—Dublin, proceeding via Millfield, so called from the Manor mill that formerly stood there, and then passing the site of the ancient Pound, and continuing by Durham Street and College Square North, the site of the old House of Correction was reached, now replaced by the Pres- byterian War Memorial Hostel. Arriving at Donegall Square South the conductor pointed out some remaining examples of late Georgian or early Victorian domestic architecture, the finest existing example being visited—the town house of Earl Cairn’s father. Going by May Street and Joy Street, names commemorating old Belfast families, High Street was reached and a pause made at St. George’s Church to admire the portico in front of the building. This portico was originally intended for the Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry’s new palace at Ballyscullion, Co. Derry, a palace that was never completed owing to the death of the bishop. Here are buried many whose names are associated with the rise of Belfast, also the unfortunate Henry Joy M‘Cracken, executed at the old Market House for participation in the ‘98 rebellion. After passing through Sugarhouse Entry, where the Society of United Irishmen first met, the ramble terminated at the new Cathedral of St. Anne’s, a fine example of Celtic-Romanesque Architecture.
The weather was fine during this prolonged walk and the conductor gave informal talks at the various places of interest.
RED HALL, BALLYCARRY.
Date—5th October, 1929. Conductors—E. N. Carrothers and A. E. Muskett. Number present, 50.
This excursion—the fungus foray for 1929—was con- ducted to Red Hall, Ballycarry, where, through the kind- ness of Mrs. K. M‘Clintock, the beautiful grounds were opened to the Club. The party journeyed to Ballycarry by train and then walked to the demesne, where an active search was made for fungi of all kinds. A most enjoyable after- noon was spent, although the number of species collected
1929-30. | 55
was small owing to the spell of dry weather which had pre- ceded the excursion. Apart from this, however, some use- ful finds were recorded, and the Ulster list of fungi was again added to. A goodly number of junior members were present and took an active interest in the work, some of the best finds being due to their vigilance. Towards the close of the afternoon rain fell heavily and the party left the demesne to catch the 6.18 p.m. train to Belfast, but not before a hearty vote of thanks had been passed to Mrs. M‘Clintock for her kindness in allowing the Club to visit Red Hall.
WINTER SESSION.
The uuthors of the Papers, of which abstracts are given, are alone responsible for the views expressed therein.
CONVERSAZIONE.
The Winter Session opened with a Conversazione held in the Assembly Hall, Fisherwick Place, on Tuesday, 29th October, 1929, at which there was a very large attendance of members and friends. Tea was served from 7 to 8 p.m.
The Exhibits included :—
Borany.—The President, dried Ferns; Captain- Chase, some Belfast Aliens; Miss M. W. Rea, Marine Alge; Rev. W. R. Megaw, some illustrated books on Mosses; Shaftes- bury House School, a collection of Fruits; E. N. Carrothers, Lolium Remotum from Co. Derry.
GroLocy.—A. M'‘I. Cleland, Fossils from Corallime Rocks, Oxford, Flints from other rocks, Magheramorne Quarry; Alex. H. Davison, Fossils illustrating the Zonal Fauna, Upper Cretaceous; Robert Bell, Upper Cretaceous Cephalopoda; Belfast Municipal Museum, varieties of Quartz; W. A. Green, Native Amber, N.Z, specimen of Pink Terrace, Wakawerawera, N.Z.
ZooLtocy.—W. M. Crawford, American Butterflies, Le«f Butterflies; J. A. S. Stendall, circulation of blood in foot of common Frog; James Orr, live Reptiles and Batrachians ; Josias Cunningham, local Birds; R. J. Welch, land and fresh water Shells.
ArcuazoLtocy.—A. M‘I. Cleland, Potsherds, Dundrum Sandhills, Co. Down; Joseph Skillen and J. A. S. Stendall,
(Proc. B.N.F.C 56
Flint and Stone Artifacts found under deposit of Diatomaceous (Bann) Clay five feet thiek, diagram of sec- tion and photographs.
Eruxocrapny.—David EK. Lowry, Knives and rare Weapons.
MisceLLaNkous,—C. R. Nodder, Vortex Rings, Polar- ising Microscopes, Microscopic Exhibits ; A. MT. Cleland, Demonstration with Bunsen Burner; Miss Maudsley, Maundy Money; Miss Sayers, old Coins and Tokens; R. A. Black, Photographs; C. R. Nodder, set of Stereoscopes with photographs of Natural History interest; R. J: Welch, photo- sraphs; W. A. Green, Pictures of Donegal and Connemara.
Jcnxtor Secrion.—The exhibits staged by the Junior members included fossils, flint arrowheads, pressed flowers. a freak plant (Dame’s violet), snake skins, shells and a Nature diary, these being shown by the Misses Jean Cole. Agnes Howatt, Lois M‘Keown, Elizabeth Megaw and Beatrice Searle and Masters Martyn Cleeland, Vivien Green, Ranald Macdonald and Ernest Langton May.
Other exhibits were (1) labelled tree twigs, shown by the winner of the President’s prize, (2) slime fungi collected on the occasion of the Fungus Foray excursion and (3) lists of flora and fauna of Colin Mountain, with some specimens collected and named by certain Junior Members.
At 9.10 the Business Meeting took place, when the President, Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A., welcomed Dr. M‘Loughlin, the President of the Derry Naturalists’ Field Club, and expressed the Belfast Club’s satisfaction that there were now three affiliated societies in Northern Ireland, in Route, Limavady, and Derry. She congratulated the exhibitors on the wonderful variety they had achieved and, referring particularly to the Junior section, expressed the Club's thanks to Mrs. Nodder for the success which had attended her efforts in that direction.
She drew attention to the €10 pnze offered by the Club for a piece of original written work on any matter in natural science or local antiquities, and said that the Committee would appreciate it if any member would send in a mono- graph which would be worthy to form an appendix to the Proceedings of the Society.
A lantern display followed, showing views taken at. summer field meetings, including some 70 slides by amateurs, and views of the pearl mussel beds at Marino.
A number of new members were elected.
1929-30. Si
PRIZE-WINNERS.
The prizes awarded in connection with the summer programme were distributed as follow :—Best collection of natural history specimens for a prize presented by Mr. W. M. Crawtord—E. Langton May. Second prize, presented by Mr. S. Freeland—Martyn Cleeland. Prize presented by Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland for best collection of fossils, Elizabeth Cleeland. Prize presented by Mr. R. 8. Lepper for best collection of antiquarian photographs—R. Noel Gregg. Prize presented by the Vice-President, Captain Chase, for the best collection of pressed flowers—Beatrice Searle. Two second prizes presented by Mr. R. V. Cleeland and Mr. J. A. Sten- dall were won by Vivien Green and Jean Cole. The Presi- dent’s prize for identifying twigs was awarded to Kthne Glendinning. The ee rg prizes offered to Junior members were won by A. Connelly for the best living exhibit of zoological Oa Niariorie Cleeland for the best living exhibit of botanical interest; and Murphy Nodder for the best surprise natural history exhibit.
FIELD WORK AS A HANDMAID TO HISTORY.
The first ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Tuesday, 19th November, 1929, at 8 p.m., when the presidential address was delivered to a large audience by Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A.
The address, illustrated by lantern slides, dealt with the growing importance of archeology. In contrast to history, it might be looked on by some as an uncharted and unchart- able sea, and yet as a result of excavation much history had had to be re-written. International sharing of national discoveries helped to further some of the aims of the League of Nations, but there was also the other side of the picture. our work here being somewhat unintelligible until compared with results all over the world. Miss Sayers quoted the description of Ireland as the ‘* great prehistoric Museum of Northern Europe,’ and urged her audience to make the fullest use of their national heritage, which was a particu- larly fertile field for the study of neolithic culture.
The construction of the Dolmen, of which there are 800 in Ireland and over 200 in Ulster, was lucidly described, as well as stone circles, standing stones, cists, raths, crannoges and sweat-houses.
(Proc. B.N.F.C. 58
An interesting discussion followed in which Rh. J. Welch, C. E. Kerr, H. C. Lawlor, A. M‘T. Cleland-and D. BE. Lowry took part.
SIGURD THE CRUSADER.
The second ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Tuesday, 17th December, 1929, at 8 p.m., the President (Miss W. J. Sayers) in the chair, when a lecture under the above title was delivered by Mr. D. E. Lowry, J.P.
Sigurd, said Mr. Lowry, was the son of Magnus Bartod, i celebrated King of Norway, who, according to tradition, was killed in battle near Downpatrick. After his father’s death Sigurd left Norway with his brother Hystein and 6,000 men, sailed through the North Sea and down the English Channel to England, where he was the guest of Henry I. After that Sigurd sailed round France and Spain and into the Mediterranean to join in the first Crusade.
Mr. Lowry retold in a most interesting manner Sigurd’s fight with the Moors, his encounters with pirates, his adventures in the Balearic Islands, and his arrival at Sicily, from which the family of the D’Hautevilles had driven the Saracens.
The lecturer dealt with the story of the Crusades, and said that though religious at first in their inception they were later marked by deeds of cruelty and greed. What might have been a revival of Christendom eventually became a filibustering expedition, with the leaders striving for the mastery of a kingdom or a city, or seeking for plunder.
Sigurd returned to his native land, rich and celebrated after an absence of six years.
Miss W. J. Sayers and Messrs. R. 8. Lepper, Jas. Lough- ridge and Col. RK. G. Berry spoke to the lecture or asked questions, and Mr. Lowry’s reply brought an enjoyable evening to its termination.
THE A.B:C. OF BIRDS.
The third ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Tuesday, 7th January, 19380, at 8 p.m., the President (Miss W. J. Sayers) in the chair. In the unavoidable absence through ill-health of Mr. James J. Phillips, F.R.S.A.I., who was to have given a lecture entitled ‘‘ Memories of Notable
1929-30. ] 59
Personalities, Saints and Scholars,’ J. A. S. Stendall kindly filled the gap at short notice and gave an interesting lecture on the “‘ A.B.C. of Birds.”’
The lecturer dealt with his subject in a simple manner, treating in the first instance of bird structure, both external and internal. He gave a lucid account of feather forma- tion and followed with short accounts of migratory and resident birds, their eggs and nesting habits. Protective colouration received attention, as did the behaviour of old birds in the nesting season and of their young. Continuing, the Jecturer showed a large series of lantern slides depicting birds in their haunts in various parts of Northern Ireland, and gave interesting accounts of observations he had made in the course of his many minor expeditions to secure bird photographs.
At the conclusion several members voiced their apprecia- tion and asked questions, which the lecturer fully answered.
SPORT WITH A CAMERA IN NATURELAND.
The fourth ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Tuesday, 21st January, 1930, at 8p.m. The President (Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A.) occupied the chair and the lecturer was Mr. J. A. Benington, B.Sc. The lecture was illustrated by beautiful slides shown by Mr. A. R. Hogg from photographs taken by Mr. Benington.
The story of how these photographs were obtained— though Mr. Benington was very modest about the part he himself played—was fascinating. Sometimes a whole day was spent in trying to get a photograph of a single nest, for Mr. Benington’s study is that of bird life, and prefer- ably bird life which shuns the haunts of man. Birds un- accustomed to human society were extremely wary, and camouflage played a large part in Mr. Benington’s equip- ment. He slips about Strangford Lough or Lough Neagh in a little canoe, round which he arranges reeds in such a way that the canoe is screened from observation, but more frequently the canoe is stationary for hours and the watcher from behind his screen keeps an eye on a duck’s nest. Even then results, except from a more intimate knowledge of bird life and nature, may be nil, for the warning ery of a heron, from which all birds take their cue, is sufficient to scatter the bird life in a few minutes.
(Proc. B.N.F.C. 60
Mr. Benington mentioned that grebes, herons and other birds, almost extinct a few years ago in Ulster waters, are on the increase, and claimed that this was partly due to the employment of watchers who prevent boys from collecting eggs along the shore and wilfully destroying them. A beautiful record of a blackbird’s song brought he lecture to a close.
A vote of thanks to the lecturer was unanimously passed on the motion of J. A. S. Stendall, seconded by D. Jd. Carpenter.
THE FEBRUARY SKIES.
The fifth ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Thursday, 6th February, 1930, at 8 p.m., the President (Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A.) being in the chair. Mr. C. E. Kerr delivered a lecture under the above title. |The lecture comprised a description of, and commentary on, the constellations, stars, planets, nebule, meteoric radiants, etc., which are visible in a Clear sky in these latitudes at this time of the year. The lecture was illustrated with lantern slides.
NATURALISM IN ROMAN ART.
The sixth ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Tuesday, 18th February, 1930, at 8 p.m., the President (Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A.) taking the chair. The lecturer was Mr. Tan A. Richmond, M.A., of Queen’s University.
The lecturer drew attention to the close connexion between the agricultural basis of Roman Society, the policy of the Imperial Government and the artistic taste of the first century A.D. He also discussed the significance of the distribution of this type of Art, the reasons of its failure to take root everywhere in the Roman World and the causes of its ultimate decline.
Messrs. R. S. Lepper and A. M'I. Cleland voiced the appreciation of the audience.
GRASSES.
The seventh ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum, College Square 1 North, on Thursday, 6th March, 19380, at 8 p.m., when Captain C. D. Clase M.C., M.A., spoke on the above subject. The chair was taken by the President (Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A.)..
1929-30. ] 6 I
The lecturer first referred to the number and uses of grasses, pointing out that man is very dependent upon the various species for hig sustenance. The parts of a grass were then explained and illustrated by slides, which included a number of owe common grasses and a few aliens which had been gathered in the neighbourhood of Belfast. Amongst these was Bromus britannicus, the grass recently described as new to science by I. A. Williams, from Sydenham, Co. Down.
Miss Sayers, J. A. S. Stendall, A. H. Davison, D. J. Carpenter, C. R. Nodder and Joseph Skillen took part in the discussion which followed.
THE CELTIC GODS.
The eighth ordinary meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Tuesday, 18th March, 1980, at 8 p.m. Col. R. G. Berry, M.R.LA., was the lecturer and the President (Miss W. J. Savers. B.A.) occupied the chair.
The lecturer remarked that, according to the Celtic belief, the apple was the only food required in the other world.
The apple at one time had a very considerable import- ance as a sacred fruit. The ideas of the ancient Irish regarding the locality of the other world seemed never to have crystalised definitely. Access was usually heralded by music and the approach of a damsel bearing an apple branch. “It seems that most of the Irishmen never got beyond the land of women, where they were content to remain.”
The lecturer referred to discoveries of ancient carvings and figures at Lydney Park, Gloucestershire, and described the druids’ altar. In pagan Ireland there was the worship of kings, heroes, and river gods. Pagan burying-grounds had names representing gardens, orchards, «ec.
The lecture was illustrated with lantern slides.
CAVE RESEARCHES IN ENGLAND.
The ninth ordinary meeting of the Winter Session took place in the Old Museum on Tuesday, Ist April, 1930, at 8 p-m., the chair being taken by the President (Miss W. J. Sayers, B.A.). The lecturer, Dr. J, W. Jackson, F.G:S., of Manchester Museum, said :—
(Proc. B.N.F.C. 62
During recent years there has been great activity in the scientific exploration of the limestone caverns of Derbyshire, North Staffordshire, Yorkshire, North: Wales, and other places, the outcome of which has been a great increase in our knowledge of early man. Valuable information hag also been obtained relating to the animal and bird life in the British Isles at a period long before there were any domestic animals and at a time when very different climatic and geographical conditions prevailed.
The chief Derbyshire caves which have received attention are those at Creswell, on the borders of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire; Harborough Rocks, near Brassington ; Cressbrook and Lathkill Dales; Castleton; and in the valleys of the Dove and the Manifold.
The Creswell caves have been famous since the ‘seventies, when evidence was obtained that they had been used as habitations by early man and at times as dens of wild beasts. Further extensive diggings have been carried out there by Mr. A. Leslie Armstrong, of Sheffield, and much important information has been obtained concerning the Pleistocene fauna of the district and the conditions under which Paleolithic man lived. The caves known as Mother Grundy’s Parlour and the Pin Hole have been the scene of the recent activities.
The animals revealed by the past and present excavations at Creswell form a most remarkable and interesting group. They consist of several extinct species, including the hairy mammoth, the woolly rhinoceros, the giant Irish deer, and the great cave bear, and of others which have retired to far- away regions, as the reindeer, Arctic fox, glutton or wolverine, lemmings, lion, spotted hyena, brown bear, etc. Many bird remains have also been found ‘and these include bones and skulls of species no longer living in the neighbour- hood. Among others the ptarmigan is conspicuous.
Many implements fashioned by man have been found in
the caves. Like the animal remains, these occurred at various levels and belong to different stages of culture and
different periods of occupation. Those obtained from the deeper layers are of a rough and primitive type made from local pebbles of hard quartzite or ironstone. They belong in the main to a stage of Palwolithic culture known as’ the Mousterian, when the heavy-browed Neanderthal ‘man inhabited much of Western Europe... .The implements
1929-30.] 6 3
obtained from the higher levels are of flint, which must have been brought some distance by the cave dwellers. This flint industry includes many types which are characteristic of the Upper Paleolithic in France and elsewhere. The implements comprise knife-like blades and points, scrapers, and gravers of various forms, such as have been found in Aurignacian and later deposits in British and continental caves. They belong to a time when men more akin to our own species were using the caves.
Among the many objects found by Mr. Armstrong in recent years are two of surpassing interest and importance from the upper cave-earth at the Pin Hole cave. One of the objects is an engraved bevel lance-point made of mam- moth ivory, very similar in character to a point from the cave of La Madeleine in France. The other is the rib of a rein- deer carved with the figure of a man who appears to be wear- ing the head of some animal. It is thought to represent a magician or “‘ witch-doctor ’’ of the Stone Age. In general technique and character the figure resembles those found in the caves of Hornos and Altamira on the continent, which are Aurignacian in date. It is interesting to recall that the first engraved bone to be met with in Britain was found in one of the Creswell caves in the ‘seventies. This consists of a fragment of a rib upon which is engraved the head and neck of a horse. Objects such as those described above serve to link very closely the flint users of the Creswell caves with the Upper Paleolithic inhabitants of the caves of France and elsewhere where engravings and carvings have been found in some numbers.
In excavations made in front of Mother Grundy’s Par- lour, Creswell, a few years ago, Mr. Armstrong found pygmy flint gravers and objects of geometrical forms belonging to the Azilio— Tardenoisian period (or Early Transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic). These provide a possible link between the cave cultures and the microlithic industries on open-air sites on the Pennines and elsewhere. There seems to be a suggestion here that the later Creswell cave-dwellers
migrated to the Pennine moorland sites long before the peat- period.
Several other caves in Derbyshire, especially at Lang- with, Lathkill Dale, Cressbrook Dale, and near Brassington, have provided evidence of temporary occupation by Paleolithic man.
Under the direction of the lecturer, the Yorkshire caves, especially those in the neighbourhood of the famous Victoria
(Proc. B.N-F.C. 64
Cave, are now being explored in the hope of finding indications of occupation by carly man. Many important remains of extinct animals have been found, but no implements of Palsolithie type have been met with so far.
Regarding North Wales, investigations by the lecturer were proceeding in a cave at Gwaenysgor, near Prestatyn, and the remains of reindeer, bison, woolly rhinoceros, and hyena, have already been found. Their association with glacial material seems to suggest that the cave was a hyena-den at some time before the last of the great ice- sheets swept over the area.
Many valuable and important finds have been made by the Bristol University group of workers in the caves of Burrington Coombe and the Wye Valley. A most interest- ing example of a barbed harpoon of staghorn was discovered in Aveline’s Hole, Burrington. Several discoveries have been made in that famous showplace, Gough’s Cavern, in Cheddar Gorge, Somersetshire, the most interesting being two objects known on the Continent as ‘‘ batons-de- commandement,’’ a class of implement supposed to have been used as ceremonial wands of authority, sceptres, or as arrow-shaft straighteners. One of these is of reindeer antler bearing incised grooves and perforated at one end; the other is somewhat similar but is of bone. These are the only two of their kind found in Britain, but many are known from the French caves of Upper Paleolithic date.
Renewed examination of the Irish eaves was now being carried out and several important finds which have a bear- ing upon the antiquity of man in Ireland have been made in that at Kilereany, Co. Waterford.* A human skull of presumed Late Paleolithic date was found in the latter cave associated with extinct animal remains including reindeer, giant Irish deer, and Aretic lemming. There was also the skull of the Continental field vole—the first vole to be recorded for Treland.
A vote of thanks to the lecturer was moved by D. J. Carpenter, seconded by A. H. Davison, and, supported by \. M‘T. Cleland, was passed by acclamation.
R. J. Weleh and J. A. S. Stendall also spoke.
The lecture was illustrated with lantern slides.
*Vide Irish Naturalists’ Journal, Vol, III, p. 118.
1929-30. | 65
ANNUAL MEETING,
The Annual General Meeting was held in the Museum, College Square North, on Tuesday, 15th April, at 8 p.m., the President (Miss W. J. Sayers) in the chair.
The following Reports were presented :—
COMMITTEE’S REPORT FOR SESSION. SIXTY-SEVENTH YEAR, 1929-30.
The following report is presented by the Committee for your approval. We record with pleasure that for the first time in the history of the Club a lady president guided its activities.
During the year 48 Ordinary and 43 Junior Members were elected and the Membership stands as follows :—7 Honorary, 4 Corresponding, 2 Life, 507 Ordinary and 109 Juniors, making a total of 629.
There are now three Field Clubs affiliated with us, namely, the Route, the Limavady and the Londonderry Naturalists’ Field Clubs.
In accordance with Rule III some names were struck off the roll for non-payment of subscriptions. |
It is with deep regret that we have to record the death of several of our Members—whose names are appended—and particularly that of R. V. Cleeland, who was at the time of his death a Member of Committee. He took a great interest in the Juniors, and extended hospitality to this section on several occasions.
During the year 12 meetings of Committee were held, and the following were the attendances :—
WAI~W9 OO
Migs W.J. Sayers ... 12 R. 8. Lepper
Joseph Skillen pee pie James Orr
Robert Bell hl? alpha Miss Rea
A. M‘T. Cleland ae, Ul R. J. Welch
W. M. Crawford at gel D. J. Carpenter
A. H. Davison Alas 5. Freeland
Mrs. Nodder hy cot oT Chas. E. Kerr va
©. R. Nodder ees R. V. Cleeland Boy KG JT. A. §. Stendall 4c gd Rev. W. R. Megaw ... 6 A. A. Campbell eo. Ee E. N. Carrothers ee
Capt. Chase 2m OSg
{Proe.
B.N.FIC: 66
There were eleven Field Excursions arranged for the summer and all were held save one, that to Glenarm Glen, via Cairneastle and the Headless Cross, on 31st August, which was abandoned owing to the lamented death of Dr.
Saml. Hill, J.P., who was to have acted as local conductor. The excursion to Derryadd and the Lough Shore was changed to this date, as the date originally fixed was unsuitable, the Tourist Trophy Race being on 17th August.
The Fungus Foray which was arranged for September to Shane’s Castle was held at Redhall, carry, Castle.
28th Bally- as the date was unsuitable for admission to Shane’s
[t is worthy to record that on the occasion of the Port- glenone excursion the party visited some primitive hearths of the Neolithic period at the New Ferry, found under five feet of diatomaceous clay where some artifacts were collected in situ. It is hoped that in the future further investigations by the Club will be made on this interesting site
The excursions were as follows :—
28th May, 1929 (evening), Purdysburn Glen and Meaiough
8th June (whele day), Ballintoy
15th June (whole day), Maghera, Co. Derry
2eth June (evening), Belvoir Park
25th June (half day), Glenavy and Ram’s Island iith to 13th July, Buncoran and District _
20th July (half day), (West Side) .
3rd August (whole day), Portglenone, via Galgorm Demesne _...
ist August (half day), Derryadd and Lough Shere
7th September (half day), Old Belfast
2€th September (half day), Red Hall, carry (Fungus Foray)
Strangford Lough
EBally-
Reports from the sections will be submitted,
what excursions they held.
Conducted by
J. A. S, Stendall. R. J. Welch. Rev. Dr. Marshall and A. A. Gampbeli. J. A. S. Stendall and Rev. W. RK. Megaw.
H. C. Lawior.
A. H. Davison and R. J. Welch. D. E. Lowry and Joseph Skillen.
JCseph Skillen. R. J. Welch. Joseph Skillen.
A. E. Muskett and E. N. Garrothers,
showing
The Annual Conversazione took place in the i ecaiapls
29th October, general public,
suildings on bers end the
and was well attended by Mem-
1929-30.] 6 7
The President addressed the meeting and gave an interesting account of the activities of the Club, and slides were shown illustrating the summer excursions. The prizes won by the Juniors at the Conversazione were presented by the President.
The Committee desire to return their best thanks to the donors of the prizes, who were as follows :—
The President (Miss W. J. Sayers), two prizes, the Vice-President (Capt. C...D. Chase), Miss Rea, and Messrs. $S. Freeland, the late R. V. Cleeland, A. MT. Cleland, W. M. Crawford, R. S/ Lepper,:J. A. S. Stendall, R. J. Welch and The Irish Naturalists’ Journal.
Nine lectures were given during the winter, all being illustrated with lantern slides, and the Committee are pleased to report that in every case there were large and interested audiences. All the lectures were followed by an interesting discussion.
Mr. Jas. J. Phillips, F.R.S.A.I., was to have given a lecture on Jan. 7th entitled ‘‘ Saints and Scholars,’’ but ilmess prevented him fulfilling this engagement, so Mr. J
A. S$. Stendall kindly agreed to substitute a lecture on ‘ Birds ’’ instead.
We are indebted to the undernoted for thei kindness to us during the summer excursions, and we offer them our grateful thanks.
Right Hon. W. R. Young and Mrs. Young, J.P., Galgorm Castle. Dr. J. B. Stewart and Mrs. Stewart. Portglenone. David G. Montgomery, Lisrodden, Portglenone. Rev. Dr. Marshall and Mrs. Marshall, Maghera. James Harpur, Purdysburn. J. H. Burke Murphy, Purdysburn. Colonel Pakenham, Langford Lodge. Mrs. M‘Clintock, Redhall, Ballyearry. To the Press also we return our best thanks for reporting our meetings. W. J. Sayers, President JOSEPH SKILLEN, Hon, Secretary,
[Proc. B.N.F.C. 68
SE RON ET OE TD LT Se a a a TS OBITUARY.
Miss E. Andrews. Mrs. Elizabeth Blair. J. C: Carson.
R. V. Cleeland.
Miss Mary Dutt. Mrs. FA. Heron, Dr. SW: Fl, iJ. Pe James Maxton.
A, W. Metealfe.
J. H. Vineent.
rca a ET re ee DSC CSET RO RES EPP HON, LIBRARIAN'S TREPORT:
The work is still mostly limited to the receipt and registration of Proceedings received from Exchanging Societies, and, during the year, parts 8—10 of Vol. VIII of our own Procecdings were sent out in return,
The books are now arranged in the Municipal Museum Library, where they will be more accessible to the meimbers of the Field Club, and as I am now Honorary Librarian there, I can still take a practical interest in what was formerly the Field Club Library. Steps were taken, in a number of cases, to get gaps filled up in our sets of the Proceedings received from other Societies.
The usual list of Exchanges will be found at page 77.
W. M. Crawrorp, Hon. Librarian,
REPORT OF HON. RECORDING SECRETARY.
One can but agree with the adnurable weather report for 1929 compiled by Rev. W. I. A. Ellison of Armagh Observatory, and published in The Irish Naturalists’ Journal, Vol. III, page 15, that the past year was one of extraordinary contrasts. The rainfall for the first seven months was 7 inches short of normal, vet by 81st December a total fall of 88.90 inches had been recorded; just one inch above the average.
The temperature in the early part of the year was lower than usual, but, strange to say, Mr. Ellison recorded 60° in March on eight occasions, and 67° on the 30th of the month,
1929-30. | 09
April opened with cold winds, yet the bird migrants wurrived well up to time, full details of which, as well as other phenological data, will be found in I.N.J., Vol. IT, Nos. | and 2.
Noteworthy bird records for the year include the nest- ing of the TFulmar Petrel, Fulmarus g. glacialis (L.) on the cliffs of the County Antrim mainland, near Ballyeastle. Mr. J. A. Benington observed a nesting colony there in July. Ever since the Fulmar selected Rathlin Island as
breeding station in 1922 a watch has been kept for the species to occupy mainland cliff sites, and now that it has done so it is only reasonable to anticipate an extension of its breeding range in suitable places all along the Antrim coast.
Miss Agatha R. Crawford observed a pair of Choughs, Pyrrhocorax. pyrrhocorax (.).feeding three young, at Fair Head, Co. Antrim, on 29th June, indicating that this species does nest on the mainland.
A female Turtle Dove, Streptopelia t. turtur (i.) was picked up dead at Donaghadee on 17th June.
One of the most remarkable observations made during the year was that of Captain the Hon. Charles Mulholland, of Bally walter Park, who ringed a 8 days’ old Corncrake at Downpatrick on 20th July, 1929, which was shot 20 miles N.W. of Tours, France, on 15th September following.
Captain C. D. Chase has recorded a grass new to Ire- land, in Bromus britannicus Williams, from near Sydenham Railway Station, Co. Down (I.N.J., Vol. TIT, p. 21).
In the realm of Bryology, Rev. W. R. Megaw records Grimmia retracta Stirton, for Co, Fermanagh as being the first Irish record, and also lists ten new vice- County records, full details of which will be found in I.N.J., Vol. IT, p. 186).
Now that The Irish Naturalists’ Journal is available to all members it would be superfluous for me to submit a fuller report of records, but those IT have given will serve to recall the activities of our own members who have worked quietly and unostentatiously, as is befitting the true naturalist.
I commend to your notice the publication I have so frequently referred to which is now the official organ to this . and other Trish Scientific Societies.
J. A. Sipney STENDALL, Hon. Recording Secretary.
(Proc. B.N.E.C. HO
REPORT OF BOTANICAL SECTION.
Forty-nine members joined the Botanical Section for
the season 1929-30. Six excursions were held, the average attendance, including visitors, being sixteen. The follow-
ine districts were visited :— Downpatrick, May 25th (half-day). The Flush, June 4th (Tuesday evening). Bellevue Rock Gardens, June 11th (Tuesday evening). Loch Naroon, June 22nd (half-day). Carn Hill, August 10th (half-day). Glendarragh, August 24th (half- has
Among the more interesting plants seen during the year were the following ta
Galium Cruciata (Rath at Downpatrick), Hrinus alpinus (Wall of Downpatrick Jail), Daphne laureola (Roadside near Inch Abbey—C. D. C.), Botrychium lunaria (near Ligoniel), Pyrola media and Taraxacum palustre (The Flush), Vac- cinium vitis-idea, Rubus saxatilis, Habenaria albida, Carex limosa, Epilobium angustifolium, Viburnum opulus, Pyrola minor and Pinguicula lusitanica (near Loch Naroon), Lachnea umbrorum (fide A. BE. Muskett, Carn Hill), a rare
fungus, and Carex pendula (Glendarragh).
At Bellevue Rock Gardens we were fortunate in being conducted by Mr. Graham, who was formerly in charge of these gardens. But for his intimate knowledge of the plants we should have missed many interesting features. Well over a hundred different species were examined, and: mem- bers were particularly interested in the large blue poppies (Meconopsis Baileyi, M. Wallichii and M. “Prattii, and in the rare Ramondia pyrenaica, which was in flower. We are glad to have this opportunity of recording our indebted- ness to Mr. Aldworth for his hospitality at Glendarragh.”
C. R. Nopprr, Hon. Secretary.
REPORT OF GEOLOGICAL SECTION.
The Section made two excursions during the Session to the following places :—Squire’s Hill Quarries, and Cloghfin Port, Islandmagee.
In the Squire's Hill” quarries the usual well known features of these quarries were duly Hig but little of fresh interest was observed.
1929-30. ] 71
The great attraction of the rocks at Cloghfin Port is the remarkable sequence of rocks to be seen at low water— triassic; rhetic; liassic; greensand; chloritic chalk; chalk ; basalt; and boulder drift; all these are well exposed here.
There is also at Cloghfin Port a very interesting exposure of “‘ red chalk,’’ or red marl, with a capping of a stratum of fine grained and shaly sandstone to which a good deal of attention was paid. It is to be seen just above high- water mark. |
It occurs in normal chalk, not far removed from the uppermost strata of the chloritic chalk so well developed here, and is capped by a deposit of many additional feet of normal chalk. The exposure is very irregular in outline, does not extend for more than 100 yards, and appears to embrace at least two strata separated by only a few inches one from the other.
The section is very clearly indicated, the marl being seen capped by a stratum of very persistent reddish sand- stone, fine grained and very hard. Both marl and sandstone are flaky and can be easily split into sheets.
Marl and sandstone are both calcareous, readily re-acted upon by acid. But a microscopic slice shows that the marl cannot by any means be regarded as a true chalk, as its foraminifera are very sparsely scattered about the mass of the marl, with much foreign matter. In the sandstone it is very difficult to detect any foraminifera at all.
The marl contains flints and lumps of chalk, the edges of the latter bemg quite sharp and angular. Neither flint nor chalk could be observed in the sandstone.
This deposit was probably formed from deposition from running water in some crevice or crack in the chalk after the latter had been raised above sea level. This seems to be indicated by the presence of the flints and pieces of rough fragmentary chalk.
A. M‘I. CLeLanp, . ale R. Bett, a Hon. Secretaries.
REPORT OF ZOOLOGICAL SECTION.
Two excursions were held during the Summer Session. The first had as its objective Gun’s Island, off Ballyhornan, Co. Down, and was held, in conjunction with the Archwological and Junior Sections, on 25th May. © Unfor- tunately the sea was too rough to permit of crossing to the
|Proc. B.N.F.C. 72
island and the party spent the afternoon shore collecting in Ballyhornan and Benderg Bays, the famous Jackdaw wal- leries in the cliffs of the latter bay being visited.
The second excursion was held on the 22nd June, when a party of 26 proceeded by bus to White Rocks, Killinchy, where they embarked in a motor boat for a cruise on Strang- ford Lough. A visit was paid to one of the many islands, the breeding plac e of great numbers of Terns, Ringed Plovers,
Red-breasted Mergansers, and other species of birds, whose eggs and nesting habits were observed with interest, especially by a number of Juniors who accompanied the party.
Re-embarking, a course was steered through the whirl- pools and boiling ‘eddies of the Narrows to Rock Angus, but here the fates were unpropitious and it was found impossible to land. Some dredging was done during the return journey to Kallinchy. Thanks are due to Messrs. McMinn Brothers, Ballygowan, for their kindness in providing the motor boat for the afternoon,
JAMES Orr, Hon. Secretary.
REPORT OF ARCHBHOLOGICAL SECTION.
This Bee had one excursion during the past summer, This was to Ardglass, by train. On arrival there, the old church at Aaiole was visited, and one of the joint secretaries (Jos. Skillen) related what was known of its history and traditions. After a pleasant walk around the bay Jordan’s Castle was next visited and it was interesting to note that since it was taken over as an ancient monument all the contents—consisting of a valuable selection of antiquities— have been catalogued.
JOSEPH SKILLEN, Hon. Secretary. REPORT OF JUNIOR SECTION.
nae number of junior members on the lst in April, 1929, was 95. During the year five members have resigned, cn have been ransionred to Senior membership, and 48 new ones have been elected. Thirty-three names have been removed from the lst owing to two years’ non-appearance af excursions and non-pay ment of subscriptions. There are now 109 on the list.
The average attendance at summer excursions was about twenty.
1929-30. 73
At the two evening lectures, intended primarily for junior members, and the one “‘ talk ”’ the attendance was fifteen.
The thanks of the Section are due to the senior members
the Club who acted as conductors to the excursions, and to Ma. Lavery of Coulson’s Hand Woven Damask Factory, Messrs. Thomson of Ravarnett Seutch Mills, Mi. Lowson and the Managing Staff of York Street Flax Spinning Company, Canon Taylor and Mr. Joseph ae of Lisburn for giving unstinted information and access to the places of interest with which they are associated. Also to Messrs. MeMinn who took us in their motor launch on Strangford Lough, and to Mr. and Mrs. R. V. Cleeland and Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Davison, Mr. and Mrs. David Hanna and Mr. Swanston for hospitality.
The Section wishes to thank Mr. A. H. Davison who, on ‘April 10, gave a talk on the strata that are to be seen at Cloghfin Port, the whole talk centering round tables laid out w ith specimens of the finds characteristic of each horizon and illustrated with coloured diagrams.
The following is a list of the excursions and lectures An unusual and interesting excursion was that arranged for us by the Secretary of the Zoological Section, to an island in Strangford Lough. It had to be limited to twelve juniors.
A number of the excursions, it will be noticed, have been planned to give an insight into the story of linen making—from the retting dams to the finished goods.
iixcursions :—Helen’s Bay, Colin Mountain (5 times), Ballyhornan Bay, Belvoir Park, Strangford Lough, Cloghfin Port, Portstewart, Old Belfast, Fungus Foray, Ravarnett Scutch Mills, Coulson’s Hand Woven Damask Works and York Street Flax Spinning Co.
Lecture on Bird Photography by J. A. Benington.
A small library of natural history reference books has been formed and is in the charge of Ranald Macdonald.
The entries for prizes for the year’s work were satis- factorily numerous. They were considered by the judges to be of great merit—particularly Beatrice Searle’s collection of seventy wild flowers, all local, collected this year, named and mounted.
Again this year a number of good collections of various kinds were made, but were not submitted for competition.
[Proc. B.N.E.C. 74
At the Conversazione there was a very satisfactory show
of genuine individual work. Two junior members showed
valuable finds made during the year—Agatha Crawford had
Seta and bred out two insects, one new to Ireland and the
other a variety’ not previously seen in Ireland. Lois
M‘Keown showed a very perfect arrowhead. she found on Cave Hill. |
This vear’s work on Colin Mountain added a few
plants, fungi and mosses to last year’s lists. Rev. W. hk. Megaw found that one of the mosses sent to him this vear was a new one for the County Antrim lst.
WintFRED NoppEer, Hon. Secretary.
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75
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*
|Proc. B.N.F.C. 76
The following office-bearers were clected for the Session 1930-31 :—President, Captain C. D. Chase; Vice-President, °C. KE. Kerr; Honorary Secretary, J. Skillen; Honorary Treasurer, A. H. Davison; Honorary Librarian, W. M. Crawford ; Honorary Recording Seeretary, J. A. S. Stendall; lLonorary Secretaries—Botanical, C. R. Nodder and Rev. W. R. Megaw; Geological, A. M‘I. Cleland and Robert Bell; Zoological, R. J. Weleh and Nora Fisher; Archveological, J. Skillen; Junior Division, Mrs. C. R. Nodder; peter Members of Committee (retire 1981), A. A. Campbell, G. C. Reilly and R. S. Lepper; (retire 1982), D. J. Carpenter, K. N. Carrothers and J. R. H. Greeves; (retire 1983), Miss W. J. Sayers, Professor Charlesworth and James Orr.
Alterations, eimbodying recommendations made by the Special Committee appointed to consider the future of the Junior Section (now to be called Junior Division), were duly passed and are now incorporated in the rules.
CLUB MEDALLISTS.
1928. Wilham Swanston, F.G.S. 1924. Nevin Harkness Foster, F.L.5 1925. Nathaniel Carrothers.
1926. Robert Bell.
L927. R: Lloyd Praeger, D.Sc., MORA-A: 1928. KR. J. Welch, M-Se., M.RLLA. 1929. 1930.
Pea el eel oy.
No award.
1929-30. 1 77
LIST OF ENCHANGING SOCIETIES.
1928-29. 1929-30. — — Belfast—Committee of Public Museum and Art Gallery. e te Committee of Public Libraries. — — Natural History and _ Philosophical
Society. i — Presbyterian Historical Society of Treland.
—- — Birmingham—Natural History and Philo- sophical Society.
| | Bournemouth—Natural Science Society.
| | Brighton and Hove—Natural History and Philosophical Society.
| 1 Bristol—Naturalists’ Society.
| — Cardiff—Naturalists’ Society.
| — Chester—Society of Natural Science, [Litera- ture and Art.
| 1 Dublin—Royal Irish Academy.
I | Royal Society of Antiquaries, Ireland.
o — Royal Zoological Soc iety of Ireland. ss — Dumfriesshire and Gallow: ay—Natural History and Antiquarian Society. — -—— Dundalk—County Louth Archeological Journal. — Kastbourne—Natural History, Photographic and Literary Society. | — Wdinburgh—Geological Society. | | Essex—Field Club. _ | 1 Krankfort—Senckenbergische Bibliothek | | (rlasgow—Royal Philosophical Society. | — Halifax, Nova Se stitute of Science. ~- | Hetifordahire—Nemaret History Society and Field Club. | | Isle of Wight—Natural History Society. | Ieeds—Philosophical and Literary Society. — lLeyden—Rijks Ethnographisch Museum.
I | Javerpool—Geological Society. | = Naturalists’ Field Club. | — J.ondon—British Association. a — British Museum. | 1 Geologists’ Association.
] Linnean Society.
(Proc. B.N.F.C.
1928-29. 1929-30.
—_—
—
Manchester—Geological Association. Microscopical Society.
Marlborough College—Natural History Society.
Mexico—-Instituto Geologico.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne—Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and Neweastle-upon-Tyne.
Norfolk and Norwich—Naturalists’ Society.
North Staffordshire—Field Club.
Norwich—Prehistoric Society of Kast Anglia.
Oxford—Ashmolean Natural History Society.
Perthshire—Society of Natural Science.
Stavanger—Staats Museum.
Toronto—Royal Canadian Institute.
Torquay—Natural History Society.
U.S.A.
Boston, Mass.—Society of Natural History. Chicago—Field Museum of Natural History. John Crerar Library and Academy
of Sciences.
Cincinnati—Lloyd Library.
Madison, Wis.—Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters.
Milwaukee, Wis.—Public Museum.
New York, N.Y.—Academy of Sciences.
Philadelphia-—Academy of Natural Sciences.
Portland, Maine—Society of Natural History.
Rochester, N.Y.—Academy of Science.
St. Louis, Mo.—Missouri Botanical Garden.
San Diego, Cal.—Society of Natural History.
San Francisco, Cal.—California Academy of
Sciences.
Staten Island, N.Y.—Institute of Arts and Sciences.
Tuft’s College, Mass.—-Katon Memorial Library.
Washington—U.S. Geological Survey. Government Printing Works, National Museum,
1929-30. 1 ie
RULES
OF THE
ease Naturalises’ Field Club:
As amended at Annual Meeting held 15th April. 1930.
I
That the Society be called ‘‘THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.”
If.
That the object of this Society be the practical study of Natural Science and Archaeology in Ireland.
IIT.
That the Club shall consist of Ordinary, Junior, Life, Correspond- ing, and Honorary Members. Not more than twenty-five Ordinary Members shall be elected half-yearly. Ordinary Members shall be proposed and seconded by two existing Members on a Nomination Form to be obtained from the Honorary Secretaries. These proposals shall come before the Committee of the Club, who shall vote ‘by ballot for or against acceptance. The names of the accepted candidates shall be submitted for election half-yearly—at the Annual Meeting in April and the Annual Conversazione in October.
Ordinary Members shall pay annually a subscription of Six Shillings, and shall on election pay an Entrance Fee of Five Shillings. Members who are twelve months in arrear in their subscriptions shall not receive any further circulars or other printed matter, and those who are two years in arrear shall cease to be members of the Club.
That the composition fee for Life Membership be Four Guineas.
Junior Members, who must be between the ages of ten and twenty-one years, shall form a Division of the Club, and may be elected at any meeting of the Club. Each member between the ages of ten and eighteen years shall be required to pay an Annual Sub- scription of One Shilling, and between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years an Annual Subscription of Two Shillings and Sixpence.
On attaining their majority they shall become Ordinary Members without having to be elected or having to pay an Entrance Fee, but shall pay the Annual Membership Subscription of Six Shillings.
Junior Members shall receive printed matter of General Meetings of the Club at the discretion of the Honorary Secretary of the Junior Division, who shall be required to have obtained the consent of the lecturer or conductor of any Meeting before arranging for notices of such meeting to be sent to Junior Members. Junior Members shall not be entitled to receive Proceedings and Annual Reports of the Club. Junior Members shall not have power to vote, except within the Committee of the Junior Division. The Junior Division shall have a Committee composed of eight Members of the Club, five of whom may be Junior Members.’ The Chairman and Honorary Secretary of the Junior Division shall be annually appointed by the General
(Proc. B.N.F.C. 80
Committee, The Junior Division Committee shall report at each meeting of the General Committee through its own Honorary Secre- tary. The expenses of the Junior Division shall be a charge on general funds, and shall be regulated by the General Committee. Subseriptions shall be paid to the Honorary Treasurer of the Club.
IV.
That the Honorary and Corresponding Members shall consist of persons of eminence in Natural Science, or who shall have done some special service to the Club; that such Members may be nominated by any Member of the Club. and on being approved by the Committee, may be elected at any subsequent Meeting of the Club by a majority of the votes of the Members present. That not more than two Honorary Members be elected in any one vear. That Corresponding Members be expected to communicate a paper once within every two years.
WV,
That the Officers of the Club be annually elected and consist of a President, Vice-President. Treasurer, Librarian, one or two Secre- taries, and a Recording Secretary, together with the Secretaries of the various Sections of the Club and Honorary Secretary of the Junior
Division. That the office of President or that of Vice- President shall not be held by the same person for two vears in succession. That the President. Vice-President, General
Secretaries, and Treasurer be ex-officio members of Sub-Committees.
VI.
That the General Committee shall consist of the above-named officers with nine ordinary members of Committee, and shall hold at least eight meetings during the year; five persons to form a quorum.
That three ordinary members of Committee shall retire annually in order of seniority, those retiring being ineligible for re-election for one year. ‘The retiring President. if not elected to a Section Secretary- ship, shall be one of the three new ordinary members added to the Committee each year. Should any ordinary member of Committee fail to attend at least three of the Committee meetings held during the year his or her place may be considered vacant and other memher elected to fill the position. No ordinary member of Committee shall hold the post of Secretary in any of the Sections. That in the event of a vacancy occurring in the General Committee a new member may be co-opted to fill such vacancy for the remainder of the year.
That nominations for ordinary members of Committee shall be sent in writing to the Secretaries on or before the 21st day of March in each year. That the privilege of nominating members of Commit- tee shall-be held by all Ordinary and Life Members of the Club. That the names of those members so nominated shall be pwhlished on the circular convening the Annual Meeting, at which the Ordinary Members of Committee shall be elected by ballot. That should the necessity arise the retiring members of Committee shall be balloted for.
\ AIC
The Committee may from year to year appoint Sectional Secre- taries and Committees, as may be considered desirable. to further original investigations in any one or more departments of the Club’s work. Members desiring to join any Section shall pay an additional subscription of One Shilling to the Secretary of the Section (such
1929-30. ] SI
subscription to be used for the benefit of the Section). No financial responsibility to be incurred by any Sectional Secretary, Sectional Committee, or any Officer of the Club without the previous approval of the Club’s Committee.
VIll.
That the members of the Club shall hold at least Six Field Meet- ings during the year, in the most interesting localities, for investigat- ing the Natural History and Archaeology of Ireland. That the place of meeting be fixed by the Committee, and that five days’ notice of each Excursion be communicated to Members by the Secretaries. That each of the Sectional Secretaries shall be made responsible for the running of one Regular Excursion, the programme to provide study in the subject appertaining to the Section, and that any addi- tional Special Excursions shall be arranged by the Secretaries of the Sections concerned.
IX.
That regular Monthly Meetings be held during the Winter Session from November till April, inclusive, for the purpose of reading Papers; such Papers as far as possible to be original, and to treat of the ‘Natural History and Archaeology of the district. That the Papers to be read be secured by a Standing Orgamising Committee, consisting of the Hon. Secs. of the Club, together with the Sectional Secretaries and a Chairman, That between the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Club Special Meetings open to all Members of the Club may be held, at which Papers of specialised interest would be discussed. That the Sectional Secretaries shall each be responsible for the providing of a programme for one Regular and one Special Meeting, one Re- gular and one Special Meeting to be arranged by the Hon. Secs. Any extra Meetings shall be arranged by the Organising Committee, if desired. That the programme for the Winter Session shall be com- pleted by the date of its First Meeting and issued to all Members. That each notification announcing a Regular Meeting or Excursion shall also serve to motify Members of the next Special Meeting or Excursion.
X.
That the Committee shall, if they find it advisable, offer for com- petition Prizes for the best collection of scientific objects of the district; and the Committee may order the purchase of maps, or other scientific apparatus, and may carry on geological and archaeological searches or excavations, if deemed advisable, provided that the entire amount expended under this rule does not exceed the sum of £10 in any one year.
That the General Committee may offer from time to time such prize or prizes as they may deem desirable for competition among Schools in or near Belfast.
XI.
That the Annual Meeting be held during the month of April, when the Report of the Committee for the past year, and the Treasurer’s Financial Statement shall be presented, the Committee and Officers elected, Bye-laws made and altered, and any proposed alterations in the general laws, of which a fortnight’s notice shall have been given, in writing, to the Secretary or Secretaries, considered and decided upon. The Secretaries to give the Members due notice of each intended alteration,
(Proc. B.N.F.C 82
XII.
Members of other Irish Iield Clubs, residing temporarily or per- manently in or near Belfast, may be enrolled as Members of the Club without election or entrance fee on production of a voucher of mem- bership of another Club, and without subscription for the current year, on production of a receipt showing that such subscription has been paid to another Club. Failing the production of such receipt, the usual subscription for the current year to be paid to the Treasurer on enrolment. The names of Members so admitted to the Club to be published with the notice of meeting following the date of their en- rolment.
XII.
That, on the written requisition of twenty-five members, delivered to the Secretaries, an Extraordinary General Meeting may be called, to consider and decide upon the subject mentioned in such written requisition.
XIV.
That the Committee may be empowered to exchange publications and reports, and to extend the privilege of attending the Meetings and Excursions of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club to Members of kindred societies, on similar privileges being accorded to its Members by such other societies.
RULES FOR THE CONDUCTING OF EXCURSIONS.
I. The excursion to be open to all Members, each one to have the privilege of introducing two friends. The time for commencing as many as possible of the Half-day Summer Excursions to be not prior to 2 p.m.
Il. A Chairman to be elected as at ordinary meetings.
Ill. One of the Secretaries to act as Conductor, or, in the absence of both, a Member to be elected for that purpose.
IV. No change to be made in the programme, or extra expense incurred, except by the consent of the majority of the Members present.
V. No fees, gratuities, or other expenses to be paid except through the Conductor.
VI. Every Member or Visitor to have the accommodation as- signed by the Conductor. Where accommodation is limited, considera- tion will be given to priority of application.
VII. Accommodation cannot be promised unless tickets are obtained before the time mentioned in the special circular.
VIII. Those who attend an excursion without previous notice will be liable to extra charge, if extra cost is incurred thereby.
IX. ‘No intoxicating liquors to be provided at the expense of the Club,
1929-30. ]
83
LIST OF MEMBERS
For the year ending 3lst March, 1930.
Any change in the Address of Members should be at once notified
to the Honorary Secretary.
The Dates prefixed to Members’ names signify date of Election.
1893. 1926.
1914.
1866. 1902.
1926. 1880.
1926. 1923. 1929. 1929.
1903. 1893.
1923. 1927. 1921. 1915. 1917. 1922. 1929. 1923. 1911. 1912. 1922.
O- HONORARY MEMBERS.
Bell, Robert, 64 Newington Avenue.
3ennett, S .A., B.A., B.Sc., 184 Waterloo Road. Burslem, Stoke» on-Trent.
Charlesworth, Professor John K., D.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.S., Queen’s University, Belfast.
Swanston, W., F.G.S., Farm Hill, Dunmurry.
Scharff, Robert IPS, 1B 8.c; eh D 4 HLS, VE Rov, ies Avie 15; Sandycove ‘Avenue West, Dun Laoghaire, Go. Dublin.
Osborne, T. E., F.R.S.A.1., 4 College Square North.
Welch, R. J., M.Sc., M.RB.1.A., 49 Lonsdale Street.
CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
Foster, Rev. Canon George, B.D., Strangford. The Honor: iry Secretary ei tne Route Natur alists’ Field Club. 9 5 » Limavady n 33 », Derry a iS
LIFE MEMBERS.
Stelfox, A. W., A.R.I.B.A., M.R.I.A., 14 Clareville Road, Rathgar, Dublin. Wilson, Alex. G., J.P., M.R.I.A.
ORDINARY MEMBERS.
Acheson, F. W., 37 Osborne Park.
Adair, W. R., Breezemount, Donaghadee.
Adams, John, Auburn, Cranmore Park.
Aird, Hugh, 10 King Street.
Alderdice, R. Sinclaire, F.C.1.B., 9 Wellington Place. Alexander, K. M., 30 Kelvin Pas ade.
Alexander, W. J.. 9 Skegoniel Avenue,
Anderson, Hugh, Knocknagoney, Martinez Avenue. Anderson, Miss S. M., 4 Church View, Holywood. Andrews, Miss E. L. “Tula, Comber.
Andrews, J. D., Uraghmore, Comber,
{[Proc. B.N.F.C. 84
Andrews, Dr. Marion B., D.P.H., Orsett, Derryvolgie Avenue. Andrews, Michael C., M. RelA. do.
Annesley, Frazer M., ‘Cathmore, Portadown.
Awvcher, Miss Eva, 43 Central Avenue, Marlborough Park. Armour, W. af 5 Crescent Gardens.
Armstrong, J. B.Sc., Students’ Union, Queen’s University.
Bailey, C. S., Methodist College.
Baird, Sir H. H., K.B.E., D.L., Park Lodge, Antrim Road.
Baker, Geo. Edgar, Lismacue, Belmont Road.
Barbour, 8. C., B.A., Riverdale, 112 King’s Road, Knock.
Bateman, J. V., Altona, 214 Upper } Newtownards Road.
Beattie, Robert, Horse Shoe Road, Ballysillan,.
Beattie, Mrs. do. ‘do.
Beatty, C., J.P., Ledlie Villa, Coalisland.
Beck, Miss Louise, M.Se., Low Wood, Shore Road.
Bell, N. G., The Hut, Whitehouse.
Bell, D. M., Bloomfield, Bryansford, Co. Down.
Bell, David <e High Street, Carrickfergus.
Bell, E. George, Solitude, Lurgan.
Bell, Miss M., 66 Bryansford ‘Road, Bangor.
Bennett, Mrs. Eva, 9 Ashfield Drive, Glandore Avenue,
Berkeley, Joseph, EP. Nursery Vale, Comber.
Berringer, Joseph, 36 North Street.
Berry, *Col Ri Ged J., M.R.1.A:, F-R.S-A.1L., Ardaluin, New- castle, Co. Down.
Bird, Miss, 5 Courtland Avenue. ‘Norbury, London, S.W.16.
Black, Miss Josephine, 15 College Gardens.
Black, Robert A., Landscape Terrace, Crumlin Road.
Black, A. Hamilton, 5-11 Callender Street.
Black, Thomas, 27 Agnes Street.
Blackwood, Miss Sarah, 6 Colleye Green.
Blair, John T., 33 Ophir Gardens.
Blair, Mrs. J.. 557 Oldpark Road.
Blair, John H., Gleneste, Dunmurry.
Bowman, Miss Jeannie, 25 Mountview Street.
Bowman, Robert R., 2 Oshorne Drive, Bangor.
Boyd, Miss K. St. Clair, Chatsworth, 12 Malone Road
Boyd, J. St. Clair, do.
Royd. James, Raleigh House, Queen Street.
Loyd. Richard R., 2 Alliance Avenue.
Boyd, Miss EK. 8., Springfield Lodge, Guernsey.
Boyd, W. C.. J.P., Thornhill, Farnkam Road, Bangor.
Boyle, Miss Elizabeth, 18 Florenceville Avenue, Ormeau Road
Bradley, Miss L. T., Haypark House, Knock.
Brown, James R., M.A., B.Se., 32 Mz iy ville Park.
Brown. Miss Ella K., Shore Road, ‘Newtownards.
Brown, Miss Sarah, Craiglea, Holywood.
Brown, W. P., LL.B... Beresford House, Coleraine.
Brown, Thomas, J.P., 102 Donegall Street.
Buchanan, Miss Nora K., Laurel Villas, 1 Winston Gardens.
Bulla, A. Crennell, Rydal, Lisburn Road.
Bunting, Miss M. C., B.A., Riverdale, 112 King’s Road, Knock
Burns, Miss E., 13 Ponsonby Avenue.
Burns, Wm. G., 116 Walmer Street, Ormeau Road.
Burrowes, W. B., F.R.S.A.1., Ballynafeigh House,
Byrne, Mrs, Mary, 24 College Square ‘North,
1929-30. | 85
1927. Cairns, Hugh, B.Sc., Mountcairn, Comber.
1909. Campbell, John, Albert Brickworks, Carrickfergus.
1917. Campbell, James, Jennymount Mill.
1921. Campbell, A. Albert. #.R.S.A.1., Drumnaferrie, Rosetta Park
1921. Campbell, Mrs. A. Albert, Drumnaferrie, Rosetta Park.
1929. Campbell, Langford, 51-53 Corporation Street.
1921. Campbell, Mrs., 20 Wellington Park Avenue,
1927. Campbell, Miss H., Methodist College.
1891. Capper, J. Malcolm, 14 Linenhall Street.
1923. Carpenter, D. J., A.R.C.Sc.L., Belfast Royal Academy.
1925. Carlile, Miss Maria B., 198 Ravenhill Road,
1904. Carmody, The Very Rev. W. P., M.A., Downpatrick.
1923. Carrothers, E. N., L. 'M. & S. Railway, York Road.
1914. Carter, Charles S., 25 Donegall Street.
1922. Cassidy, Wm., Greenmount, Dunmunry.
1926. Charley, K. J., J.P., Seymour Hill, Dunmurry.
1919. Chase, Capt. C. D., M.C., M.A., Campbell College, Belmont.
1926. Chase, Miss. Bessie, 226 Stranmillis Road.
1928. Chambré, Mrs. V., Hawthorn Hill, WKilleavy, Co. Armagh.
1920. Chandler, W. P., 1 Ailsa Terrace, Strandtown.
1920. Chandler, Mrs. do.
1901. Cheyne, H. H., Roseneath, Bangor.
1922. Christy, Wm., 8 Edenderry Gardens, Tennent Street.
1920. Churchill, Miss, 54 Hamilton Road, Bangor.
1922. Clarke, George W., M.B.E., 39 Adelaide Park.
1928. Cleeland, Mrs. Mabel, 15 Eglantine Gardens.
1894. Cleland, Alex. M‘I., 28 Green Road, Knock.
1894. Cleland, Mrs. Annie, 28 Green Road, Knock.
1890. Cleland, James A., Brooklyn, Holywood.
1917. Close, R. M., M.R.I.A., 13 Donegall Square North.
1925. Coates, Geo. D., Fruit Hill, Andersonstown.
1922. Cole, Francis J.. Ardmara, Greenisland.
1928. Collins, Miss Nora, 42 Fitzwilliam Street.
1925. Colton, John M., Lisbawn, Hawthornden Road.
1925. Common. Robert H., Tynemouth, Larne Harbour.
1922. Corry, Hon. Cecil, Castle Coole, Enniskillen.
1924. Cosgrave, John, F.L.A.A., Alliance Avenue.
1925. Cosgrave, Mrs. Magee, 49 Alliance Avenue.
1923. Cowden, William, 46 Cliftonpark Avenue.
1906. Cowie, James, 83 Osborne Park.
1921. Cowie, Henry, L. M. & S. Railway Co. (N.C.C.) Terminus, York Road.
1928. Craig, Miss Isa, Willowpark House, Whiteabbey.
1921. ae ae M., B.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S., Orissa, Marlborough
ark, S.
1921. Crawford, Lieut.-Col. F. H., C.B.E., Cloreen. Malone Road.
1922. Cromie, A. G., Seeburg, Castle Avenue.
1922. Cromie, Miss Maud, do.
1922. Crothers, Miss, 7 Easton Crescent, Cliftonville Road.
1913. Cunningham, Miss M. E., F.R.S.A.1., Glencairn.
1884. Cunningham, Rt. Hon. Samuel, Fernhill.
1915. Cunningham, Josias, R.N.V.R., M.B.O.U., Fernhill.
1924. Cupples, Miss Diana, 124 Malone Avenue.
1921. Cuthbert, Rev. A., M.A., Rocklands Manse, Carrickfergus.
1924. Dallas, Miss, 2 Bloomfieid Gardens. 1923. Davin, Miss Adelaide G., D.Sc., Glenmore Lodge, Lambeg.
1921. 1928. 1925. 1921.
118. 1925. 1891. 1925. 1925. 1921. 1922. 1921. 1921. 1922. 1922. 1928. 1908. 1928. 1929. (1927. 1927. 1921.
1921. 1928. 1925. 1923. 1908. 1924. 1925.
1927. 1927.
1924. 1928. 1924. 1926. 1927. 1897. 1927. 1929. 1906. 1928. 1928. 1928. 1903. 1923. 1929. 1924. 1924. 1929.
1892. 1927, 1917.
(Proc. B.N.F.C. 86
Davison, A. H., F¥.A.1., 32 Wellington Place.
Davison, Mrs. Mina, 1 Salisbury Villas, Salisbury Avenue,
Dawson, Col. W. R., M.L., M.R.I.A., 18 Brock Street, Bath.
Deane, Arthur, M.R.I.A., F.R.S.E., Art Gallery and Museum, Belfast.
Deans, T. M., LL.D., Academy House, Rosetta.
Deans, Samuel A., L.D.S., 141 Ormeau Road.
D’Evelyn, A. M., M.D., Ballymena.
Dickey, John, 71 Malone Avenue.
Dickey, Dr. Wm., 86 Antrim Road.
Dinsmore, J. A. S., 28 & 30 Castle Place.
Dobbin, Miss, 60 University Street.
Doggart, Henry, 29 Sicily Park.
Donaldson, Dixon, Dunoon, Islandmagee, Co. Antrim.
Douglas, John, Helen’s Bay.
Downer, W. H. N., Chrome Hill, Lambeg.
Duff, Hugh, J.P., Coagh, Co. Tyrone.
Duncan, W., 54 Textile Buildings, Donegall Square North.
Dunlop, Miss May L., 142 University Street.
Dunlop, Miss ‘Norah, 34 Landsdowne Road.
Dunne, Herbert Elsmere, 62 Victoria Road, Gt, Crosby, Lancs.
Dunne, Mrs. Edith Mary do.
Dunwoody, W. J., 10 Marine Parade, Holywood.
Earls, Professor J., B.A., 31 Ravenhill Park.
Eason, H. J., F.R.A.L, 144 Agincourt Avenue.
Edgar, Miss Elizabeth, 30 Cyprus Avenue.
Elhott, Miss Annie, B.A., Ardroe, Bloomfield,
Elliott, E. J., J.P., 4 Bain’s Place.
Elliott, Miss Isabel, Belfast. Shorthand Inst., Royal Avenue.
Erskine, Miss ‘Nessie, c/o Educational Authorities, Perth, W. Australia.
Erskine, Miss Jeannie, 42 Botanic Avenue.
Ewing, John, Saxonia, Strandtown,
Fallon, Mrs., 25 St. James’ Park.
Ferguson, Miss Elizabeth, 8 Ashdene Drive, Glandore Avenue. Ferguson, Mrs. G. W., Carnamenagh, Antrim Road.
Kernan, Charles, py ea, Cliftonpark Avenue.
Field, Robert ae 791 Lisburn Road.
Finlay, Miss A. M., Saree Abbott’s Langley, Herts.
Iisher, Ernest, Inisglas, Greenisland.
Iisher, Miss Nora, do.
Finlay, Arch. H., A.C.G.1., A.I.E.E., Willesden, Holywood. Fleming, W. M‘K., 20 Knutsford Drive.
Forbes, Thos., 18 Wellington Park Avenue.
Forbes, Mrs. T., do.
Foster, Mrs. N. H. , Hillsborough.
Foster, A. R., B. As Principal, Royal Academy, Cliftonville. Foster, Rev. R. APR. A., D:C.M., Craigmore, Aghalee, Lurgan. Frame, Miss H., 15 Skegoniel Avenue.
Frame, Miss M. do.
French, Henry, 18 Twickenham Street.
Gamble, Miss, Lorne, Crai gavad., Gardner, Miss TH eR), al’ Wel lington Park. Gibson, ‘Mrs., Bonnington, Landsierns Road.
1925-30. |
1921. 1923.
87
Gibson, Samuel, J.P., Summer Hill, Dunmurry. Gilchrist, David, 24 Ravenhill Park.
Gilliland, W. T., B.Sc., 7 Wellington Place. Glasgow, Henry in Cookstown, Co. Tyrone. Glendinning, Miss M. E., 26 Sans Souci Park. Glendinning, R. G., Jun., Lennoxvale.
Gore, W., F.R.S.A.L., Municipal College of Technolog Gracey, Walter, Kilrea, Co. Derry.
Graham, Thomas, lvy Bank, Salisbury Drive. Graham, Miss M. E., 241 Sundridge Terrace, Mountpottinger. Graham, Mrs. Sarah, 138 Dunluce Avenue.
Graham, Miss Joanna, Clondara, Martinez Avenue. Green, Mrs. Isaac, Hawthornden, Knock. Greenham, Miss J. C., 44 Orient Gardens.
Green, W. A., F.R.S.A.I., Dunmore, Antrim. Green, H. P., Limehurst, Holland Park, Knock. Greer, Thomas, J.P., Milton, Sandholes, Dungannon. Greeves, J. Theodore, 'Nendrum, Knockdene Park. Greeves, J. R. H., BSc., Coolnashee, Crawfordsburn. Greeves, OV; Colin House, Dunmurry.
Greeves, W. Leopold, 11 Ormeau Avenue.
Gregg, Rev. W. J., B.A., 8 Wheatfield Gardens. Gregg, Mrs. Deborah, do.
Gribbon, John, 38 Lavinia Street, Ormeau Road. Griffith, Henry A. C., Belleville, Cliftonville Road. Griffith, Miss Grace re Belleville, Cliftonville Road. Griffith, Miss K. E., Belleville, Cliftonville Road. Grimshaw, Reginald W., 13 Rossmore Avenue, Grossenbacher » Miss Hanny, 1 Salisbury Villas, Salisbury Ave.
Haffern, Wm., 23 St. Ives Gardens, Stranmillis Road. Hale, Thomas, 5 Mervue Street.
Hall, Miss Janie M., Moyrusk, Moira.
Hamilton, Miss, Melrose, Ardlee Avenue, Holywood. Hamilton, T, 8., Presbyterian Church House.
Hamill, Miss Nana, 42 Sans Souci Park.
Hanna, Mrs. S. M., 5 Salisbury Villas, Salisbury Avenue. Harbinson, Wm., Highbury, North Road.
Harbinson, Miss Margaret, Doonvarna, Landsdowne Road. Harris, J. B., 12 Ravenhill Gardens.
Hayward, H. Richard, Hopefield House, Antrim Road. Heenan, Miss J., lla Stranmillis Road.
Henderson, J. A. D., 11 Norfolk Drive.
Herdman, Miss E. W., Fountainville, University Road. Heron, F. Adens, D. ie F.R.S.A.L, ‘Maryfield, Holywood. Heron, Miss, Teagheen, "Evelyn Gardens, Antrim Road. Hewton, J., M.P. 8.1., 315 Ormeau Road.
Hobson, Mrs., Aitennach, Crawfordsburn, Co. Down. Hodgson, Lionel C., M.A., 59 Wellington Park. Hodgson, Mrs., do.
Hoffman, F., Leamington, 7 Old Cavehill Road.
Hogg, A. R., 10 Thorndale Avenue.
Hogg, D. J., 16 Kansas Avenue.
Holland, Miss, Highbury, Cadogan Park.
Holland, Frank i, Fairyhill, Osborne Gardens.
Holmes, Miss Margaret, Denholme, Diamond Gardens, Finaghy. Horscroft, George, Botanic Gardens Park.
(Proc. B.N.F.C. 88
Houston, James Dick, Northern Bank House, Wilrea, Co. Derry. Houston, H. S., Slievmara, Jordanstown, Co. Antrim. Howard, 8. R., 53 Donegall Place.
Hughes, Joseph, 28 Peel Street.
Hunter, Dr. J. A., Kirkinner, Balmoral Avenue.
Hunter, Dr. B. H., 20 Haypark Avenue.
Hyslop, Jas. L., 91 Eglintine Avenue,
Irwin, Wilson, Rossnall, Helen’s Bay. lten, Mrs., 18 South Parade.
Jackson, James, Winona, Princes Gardens, Larne,
Jackson, M., Maze, Hillsborough.
Jenkins, W. A., 6 Elmwood Terrace.
Jennings, Victor G., Wellcroft. Sandown Road, Knock.
Johnson, Rev. W. F'., M.A., V.U.8., M.R.LA., Roxboro Ter: race, Rostrevor.
Johnston, F, W., The Lodge, Spa, Ballynahinch.
Johnston, HE. ©., F.R.S. ALL. Lyncote, Helen’s. Bay.
Johnsion, Miss Jean, Nottavin, Donegall Park.
Johnston, Miss M. B., clo.
Johnston, Mrs.. 50 Sharman Road.
Johnston, Mrs. R. W., B.A., 505 Falls Road.
Johnston, T. J., 19 Ashley Gardens.
Keenan, Miss Mary, 75 Dublin Road.
Keiller, W., 11 Chichester Street.
Keith, S. S ., 180 Crumlin Road.
Kennedy, R. 'N., J.P., Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral.
Kerr, Charles, E., B.A., Mount Carmel, 134 Upper Newtown- ards Road.
Kerr, Mrs. C. E., Mount Carmel, 134 Upper Newtownards Road,
Kerr, David 8., 1 College Square E.
Kevin, Miss Kathleen, B.A., 8 University Street.
Kevin, Miss M. do.
Kidd, Rev. G. I*., 19 Bootle Street.
Kitchen, Gilbert Ingram, 64 Roseleigh Street.
Knox, Harry, 60 Henderson Avenue.
Knox, Miss Lily, 41 Cliftonville Road.
Kyle, R. A., 17 Wellington Park,
Lamont, Miss H., 58 Eia Street, Antrim Road.
Lauder, William, Public Library, Donegall Road,
Lavery, W. #H., 27 Eglantine Avenue.
Lavery, Miss M, Beatrice, do.
Law, Wm., 52 Hopefield Avenue.
Lawlor, H. C., M.A., M.R.1.A., 14 Windsor Avenue.
Lawlor, Mrs. H. C5 do,
Lepper, R. 8., M.A., LL.M., F.R.His.S., F.R.S8.A.] Crawfordsburn.
Leetch, Miss Elizabeth, Cullybackey, Co. Antrim.
Lewars, David B., 17 Dundela Gardens.
Leyden. Miss Margaret M., Belgrave, Bloomfield.
Liggett, Miss Margaret M., 109 "The Mount.
Lindsay, Mrs., 3 Lower Crescent.
Logan, James, M.A.,; F.R.G.S., Greystone, Ravenhill Park.
., Elsinore,
1929-30. | 89
1921. Loughridge, James, 52 Elmwood Avenue. 1918. Lowry, Miss, Hazelwood, Bloomfield. 1910. Lowry, Miss L., dori” ¥
1893. Lowry, D. E., J.P., Oakley, Strandtown. 1908. Lowry, James, Llewelly n Avenue, Lisburn.
1926. Macdonald, David, Castle Road, Comber.
1915. Maconachie, Rev. D. H., B.A., B.D., The Manse, Holywood,
1915. Maconachie, Mrs., The Manse, Holywood,
1905. Macoun, Mrs. 8. M., Clanrojla, Windsor Park.
1922. Magill, Hugh, 217 Cavehill Road.
1927. Magill, Mrs. Edith, 9 Wilmont Terrace, Lisburn Road.
1926. Maguinness, Miss Kathleen, 40 Cabin Hill Gardeus.
1920. Magowan, A., 2 Kaston Crescent.
1924. Major, Miss Anna M., Ulai, Holywood.
1921. Major, Miss Olga, Ulai, Holywood.
1905. Malcolm, Miss Susan, Downshire Road, Holywood.
1921. Malcolm, Bowman, M.I.C.E., M.I.Mech.E., Inver, Ashley Park.
1901. Malcomson, Herbert T., M.B.0.U., 32 Arthur Street.
1880. Marsh, Mrs, Glenlvon, Holywood.
1922. Marshall, Rev. R. L., M.A., LU.D., Maghera, Co. Derry.
1922. Marshall, Miss M. E., 82 Ardenlee Avenue.
1924. Martin, Miss Josephine C., 12 Glandove Avenue.
1929. Martin, George E., 62 University Street:
1923. Martin, Mrs. Kathleen R., 17 College Gardens.
1924. Martyn, Douglas, 30 Orient Gardens.
1929. Matchett, Miss Clara, 21 Windsor Road.
1916. Masterson, Miss, 93 WwW ellesley Avenue.
1915. Mawdsley, Miss, 28 Green Road, Knock.
1908. Maxwell, Henry, Dunalbine, Deramore Park.
1923. Maxwell, Joseph, J.P., Fierna, Osborne Park.
1923. Maxwell, Miss F. E., do.
1925. Maxwell, Miss Isabella, 10 Luxor Gardens.
1927. Maxwell, W. C., A.R.I-B.A., 29 Donegall Street.
1903. Mayne, H. Horner, 24 Elmwood Avenue.
1917. Megaw, Rev. W. R., B.A., The Manse, Rosetta.
1920. Megaw, Pe Ee Dunavon, Knockdene Park.
1923. Mercer, Prof. 'P. S., “‘ Hanging Leaves,”’ Carrickfergus,
1923. Mercer, Mrs. S., do.
1906. Millar, Thomas fin 306 Antrim Road.
1929. Millar, S. W., 33 Bloomfield Gardens.
1907. Milligan, Miss Bessie, 22 Ravenhill Gardens.
1921. Milligan, Dr. C. J., Dispensary House, Ligoniel.
1921. Milligan, Miss J., 74 Cromwell Road.
1923. Mills, Frederick ‘A. C., 3 Woodland Avenue.
1922. Moffatt, James A., 2 Chelmsfor ‘d Place, Larne Harbour.
1898. Montgomery, HB. on F.R.S.A.1., 40 Rosemary Street.
1913. Montgomery, Miss E. 'S., 26 College Green.
1928. Mooney, Miss Helena, 19 St. James’ Road.
1923. Moore, Kenneth M., The Finaghy.
1916. Moore, Frank, J.P., Ph.D., F. "E. IST, Park North.
1923. Morton, Miss, 252 Antrim Road.
1928. Murdoch, Wm. J., 152 Salisbury Avenue.
1922. Murray, B., 628 Ravenhill Road.
1928. Murray, Miss Ada, Eglish, Cliftonville Circus.
1923. Muskett, A. E., A "R.C.Se. (Lond.), 232 Stranmillis Road.
Home-Lyn, Marlborough
1923: 1927. 1929. 1925.
1923. 1909. 1915. 1922. 1921. OG? 1884. 1922. 1924. 1929. 1926. 1922.
1923. 1917. 1924. TOUS: 1926. 1921. 1923. ISR 1O2T. 1914. 1929. 1923. 1923. 1906. 1922. 1922. 1921. 1922. 1912. 1917. 1901. 1924.
1921. 1926. 1921. 1921. 1927. 1923. 1923.
1926. 1927. 1898. 1923. 1923.
1929. 1926.
(Proc. B.N.F.C. go
M‘Aleese, Miss Margaret T., 157 Mulholland Terrace, Falls Rd. M‘Aleese, John, Longland, Whitehouse.
M‘Alister, W G., Mount. View, Dromore, Co, Down. M‘Bratney, Miss Margaret, Endsleigh Gardens, Bloomfield. M‘Bride, A., Rockmount, Templepatvick.
M‘Bride, Miss W., 118 Albertbridge Road.
M‘Cance, James, 502 Antrim Road.
M‘Carthy, Mrs., Freshford, Knock.
M‘Carthy, Miss, 46 Stranmillis Road.
M‘Carthy, W. J., Ashley, Alexandra Park, Holywood. M‘Caw, ete Glenfield, Donegall Park.
M‘ Cleery, lela dalees Oakhill, Dunmurry.
M‘Clure, Miss Lily, Thirlmere, 50 Ravenhill Park.
M‘Connell, Rev. S. G., B.A., Dromara, Co. Down.
M ‘Court, Miss M. oe "15 Castleton Gardens.
M‘Crum, Wm., Milford, Co, Armagh.
MacCulloch, Miss Charlotte M., Ballyarton, Kallaloo, London- derry.
M‘Cutcheon, Miss J. T., B.A., Rineen, Annadale.
M‘Devitt, H., 115 High Street, Holywood.
M‘Donnell, Miss Kathleen P., 110 Cullingtree Road.
M‘Dowell, Miss E., The Lodge, Trwin Drive.
M‘Gregor, Miss Sarah, 12 Eglantine Avenue.
M‘Gladery, R., The Brickworks, Springfield Road.
M‘Giffin, Miss, Riverside, Holywood.
M‘Ilroy, R. J., 32 Pandora Street.
M‘Tlwaine, J. E., M.D., 3 Chlorine Gardens.
M‘Kay, Miss E. W., B.Sc., Ardbana Terrace, Coleraine.
M‘Kee, Capt. James, D.S.O., 35 Cyprus Park, Bloomfield.
M‘Kenzie, Alexander, 60 North Parade.
M‘Kibbin, Fredk., IA. oe 9 Donegall meine South.
M‘Kinney, Miss M. A. , Sentry. Hill, Carnmoney.
M‘Kisack, Miss M. K., " ‘Mount Pleasant,
M‘Knight. Wm, J., 220 Springfield Road.
M‘Laine, Lachlan, Rathaline, Annadale Avenue.
M‘Master, Miss, B.A., Ashbourne, Strandtown.
M‘Meekin, re A. M., Sunnyside, Carnmoney, Co. Antrim.
M‘Meekin, A., J.P., Cogry House, Doagh.
MacRae, Kenneth, 829 Lisburn Road.
M‘Vea, Miss Florence V., The Crag, Whitehead.
‘Neill, F. F., 124 Haypark Avenue.
Neill, Miss M., Rhanbury Park, Carrickfergus. Niblock, J. B. 208 Cliftonville Road.
Niblock, Mrs., do.
Nixon, Miss M. J., 16 Florenceville Avenue.
‘Nodder, Charles R., M.A., The Corner House, Lambeg. ‘Nodder, Mrs. Winifred, do.
O’Kane, John, 127 Mulholland Terrace, Falls Road. O’Neill, Miss C. May, B.Sc., Riddel Hall.
Orr, James, 17 Garfield Street.
Orr, R. J., 4th Avenue, Baylands, Bangor.
Owens, Miss Minnie Y., 29 Indiana Avenue.
Patrick, J., 28 Eglantine Avenue. Pollock, Rt. Hon. H. M., D.L., 11 College Gardens.
1929-30. ]
1923. 1923. 1903.
1922. 1883.
1922. 1924. 1929. 1921.
1929.
1907. 1916. 1923. 1919. 1925.
1926. 1929. 1922. 1923. 1923. 1922. 1923. 1921. 1928. 1921. 1929. 1926. 1926.
1929. 1922. 1924. 1929. 1909. 1927. 1927.
1927. 1913. NGL. 1920. 1924. 1924. 1929. 1924.
1911. 1926. 1926. 1925.
gl
Pollock, James A., Notting Hill. Polley, W. T., 131 University Street.
Pooler, Rev. Chas. K., D.D.; M.R.LA.,) Dilitt,
Whitehouse. Porte, G. W. C., 1-Howard Street.
Praeger, R, Li., D.Se., BeA., B.E., M.RDAS,
Square, Dublin. Pringle, Alex., 1 Clarence Street W. Purce, James, "33 Ravenhill Park. Purdy, Chas. E., Oakleigh, Newtownbreda. Pyper, James, B. A., 30 Cranmore Avenue.
Quan, W. H., 19 Landscape Terrace.
Carnbin,
19 Iitzwilliam
Rea, Miss M. W., M.Sc., Salem House, Sydenham.
Rea, Miss L. C., do. Reilly, George ioe C.E., 18 Salsbury Gardens. Reilly, Geo. C., M.I.Mech. E., do.
Rhynehart, Toki G., F.R.C. Se I., D.I.C. (Lond.), Ministry of
Agriculture, Wellington Place.
Richardson, 54 D5 Woodhouse, Bessbrook, Co.
Richmond, lan ‘A. M.A., Queen’s University. Ritchie, John, Cullintra, Comber.
Ritchie, Miss, 3 Charnwood Avenue.
Ritchie, Miss Helen, do.
Robb, ‘Norman, 65 Ulsterville Avenue.
Robb, S. A., 128 Cliftonpark Avenue. Robinson, Miss L., 16 Kingsmere Avenue.
Armagh,
Robinson, Wm. H., 687 Upper Newtownards Road.
Robson, Mrs., 81 Wellington Park. Roe, T. G., Delgany, Croft Road, Holywood. Rogan, Thomas, 143 Springfield Road.
Rohleder, Dr, Herbert P.. T., Rhodesian Congo Border Conces: sion, Ltd., Nehanga, via Ndola, Northern Rhodesia.
Ross, Miss Rita, 40 Landsdowne Road.
Ruddell, Miss B., Horse Park, Magheragall, Lisburn.
Rundle, Harris, Sefton, Knockdene Park, Russell, Miss Elaine, Dunmore, Antrim Road. Russell, ‘Nelson, Strathmore, Lisburn.
Rutherford, ED. MB Ch. B., Woodlawn, Knock.
Rutledge, Miss iy 9 Donegall Square Kast.
Sreenan, Patrick, Main Street. Greencastle. Savage, W. E. J., 8 Lincoln Avenue.
Sayers, Miss W. J., B.A., Bartragh, Knock. Sayers, Miss J. B., Bartragh, Knock. Sayers, Miss M., 61 Clonlee Drive.
Scott, Miss, Ministry of Agriculture, Wellington Place.
Searle, G. O., Research Institute, Lambeg.
Seaton, lan William, Plant Breeding Division,
Agriculture.
Ministry of
Sefton, Thomas W., Aubyn’s, Deramore Drive.
Shaw, G. W., Ulster ee York Street. Shaw, ‘Miss Esme, 11 Shore Street, Holywood. Shaw, Miss Minnie E., 20 Harcourt Street. Shearer, Thomas, 3 St. Jude’s Avenue,
(Proc. B.N.F.C. g2
Shewell, Major, 1 Liscard Terrace, Ormeau Road.
Shewell, Mrs., do.
Shiels, Rev. J. F., P.P., Ballygowan.
Shiels, Edward, Summer Hill, Bangor.
Shortt, James, Wilmont, Lisburn,
Sinclair, Robert, 48 Waring Street.
Skillen, Joseph, 25 Stranmillis Gardens.
Small, ’ Professor J., D.Se., Queen’s University.
Small, James M., Ballymenoch Park, Mayino.
Smiley, Miss, 19 Salisbury Avenue.
Smith, John M.A., LL.B., Donard, Cregagh, Belfast.
Spencer, A. G., Campbell College.
Standfield, Miss Henrietta, 31 Virginia Street.
Steen, Rev. David, B.A. The Manse, fslandmagee.
Stelfox, Mrs. A. W., B.Sc., A.R.C.Sc.1., 14 Clareville Road, Rathgar, Dublin.
Stendall, J. A. S., M.R.LA., M.B.0.U., Municipal Museum
Stendall, Mrs. J. A. S., Deva, Haypark Avenue.
Stephens, Captain J. Kyle, TP: 13 Donegall Square North.
Stephens, Samuel, 13 Donegall Square North.
Steven, George, 3 Kinnaird “Terrace, Antrim Road,
Stewart, W. J., 105 Baker Street, London, W.1.
Stewart, Albert K., 10 North Parade.
Stewart, Rev. David, B.A., Inglemede, 31 Ardenlee Avenue,
Storey, I. Fred., Maormar, Cultra.
Swan, H. S., Ardelan, Buncrana, Co. Donegal.
Sweeney, Wm., 183 Cliftonville Road.
Tate, Robert E., 17 Clifton Drive.
Taylor, Frank, St. John’s, Marino.
Taylor, P. A., 7 Deleware Street, Ravenhill Road.
Tedley, Miss, Rosetta School.
Thompson, John D., 110-111 Scottish Provident Buildings, Donegall Square W.
Thomson, Ernest W., Tullymore School, Broughshane.
Thompson, Miss W., 4 Glenbrook Terrace, Shore Road.
Traill, W. A., M.A., F.R.S.A.L, Benvista, Portstewart.
Turner, S., jun., 12 ‘Camberwell Terrace, Antrim Road.
Turner, Edmund, A.R.C.8Se.I., 3 Sandhill Gardens, Neill’s Hill.
Turtle, W., Haydock, Lumeah, Malone Road.
Turtle, Miss Mary, 13 Farnham Road, Bangor.
Tweedie, Henry S., 106 Balmoral Avenue.
Tw eedie, Miss Sophia i, eae do.
Wall, John J., Glenarm, Co. Antrim.
Ward, A. H., 5 Tennyson Avenue, Bangor. Warnock, Miss, 11 India Street.
Watchorn, Miss Mary E., 581 Oldpark Road. Watson, Frank W., 10 Cranmore Gardens. Watson, Mrs. F. W., B.Sc., do.
W. atters, Miss Ella, “Holywood.
Webb, Miss E. (M., Rath House, Shandon Park. Wegg, George R., “Glynn Villas, Larne.
Weir, "Miss K, , Bangor Collegiate School, Bangor. Weston, Wilfred W., 12 Donegall Square South. Weyms, David, The Moorings, “Dunmurry.
1929-30.] ,
93
Wheeler, ‘Norman F., 1 Fitzwilliam Street.
White, Miss Jeanne M., 18 Carleton Street, Portadown.
Whitehouse, Rev. Sydney P., All Soul’s Church, Elmwood Ay.
Whyte, Mrs. Elizabeth F., 10 Orient Gardens.
Whyte, Miss Eileen A., do.
Wight, Robert J., 9 Stranmillis Street.
Wightman, James A., 52 Hanover Street, Portadown.
Wilkinson, Miss D. H., 23 Ashley Avenue.
Wilkinson, Wilfred Frederic Samuel, Northern Banking Co., Armagh.
Williamson, James, J.P., Sandown Park, Knock.
Willis, Miss A., 3 Avonmore, Balmoral.
Wilson, George, 7 Bedford Street.
Wilson, Prof. Gregg, O.B.E., M.A., D.Sc., M.R.T.A., Transy, Beechlands, Malone Road.
Wilson, Mrs., Transy, Beechlands, Malone Road.
Wilson, Miss Anna, 28 College Park Avenue.
Wilson, Miss Edith, do.
Wilson, W. E., 31 North Street.
Wilson, Miss Agnes, 127 Crumlin Road.
Wilson, Miss Tessie, do.
Woodburn, Rev. J. B., D.D., 9 Harberton Avenue,
Workman, W. H., F.Z.S., M.B.0.U., Lismore, Windsor Ave.
Young, Mrrs., R. C., Millmount, Randalstown Co. Antrim.
JUNIOR MEMBERS.
Bell, James, High Street, Carrickfergus. Black, Thomas, 27 Agnes Street. Blair, Jack Coulter, 33 Ophir Gardens.
Calwell, David, 202 Oldpark Road.
Cole, Jean, 109 University Gardens.
Condy, Archie, 29 College Gardens.
Conelly, A. E., 49 Delhi Street.
Cormack, Margaret, 37 Castlereagh Place. Cormick, Alistair, 18 Kelvin Parade.
Cleeland, Marjorie, 13 Eglantine Gardens. Cleeland, Martyn, do,
Crawford, Agatha R., Easthope, Bawnmore Road.
Davidson, Richard H., 183 Alexandra Park Avenue. Davidson, Una, Laurington, Antrim Road.
Davison, Thomas, 30 Lothair Avenue.
Peane, Campbell D., Threave, ‘Newtownbreda.
Deans, Joan, 141 Ormeau Road. Deans, Phyllis, do.
Eason, Iris, 144 Agincourt Avenue.
Faris, Kathleen, Rosebank, Marbborough Park. Forbes, Betty, 51 Marlborough Park Central, Porbes, Margot, do,
Forsythe, Doris, 8 Maryville Park,
1929, 1929. 1930. 1926. 1929. 1924. 1929. 1924. 1929. 1927. 1928. 1928. 1928.
1929. 1929. 1929. 1929. 1929. 1929. 1929. 1929. 1928.
1930. 1929. 1926. 1924. 1924. 1924. 1929. 1928.
1929. 1928. 1924. 1926. 1925. 1929. 1928.
1925. 1925. 1927. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1925. 1925. 1927. 1927.
1927. 1929. 1927. 1929. 1929.
[Proc.
94
Gaffikin, Phillippa, 7 Eileen Gardens. Gillespie, Brian, 2 Duncairn Avenue. Gilmer, Aileen, Ulster Bank House, Connswater. Glendinning, Alice, | Lennoxvale. Glendinning, Barbara, 26 Sans Souci Park. Glendinning, Ethné, 1 Lennoxvale. Glendinning, Irancesca, do. Glendinning, Joan, 26 Sans Souci Park. Yendinning, Priscilla, 1 Lennoxvale. Green, Vivian (Miss) , 41 Kingsmere Avenue. Gregg, R. Noél, 8 Wheatfield Gardens. Griffith, Pamela P., 34 Cliftonville Road. Griffith, Robina C., do.
Haire, Hugh, 288 Upper ‘Newtownards Road. Handforth, Kenneth, 59 Cherryvalley Park. Hanna, William Swanston, Farm Hill, Dunmurry. Harding, James, 4 Indiana Avenue.
Harrison, Maureen, 9 Deramore Park.
Heron, Faith, 11 Richmond Park.
Hill, Harold, 7 Cranmore Park.
Holland, Susan, Fairy Hill, Osborne Gardens, Howatt, Agnes, 42 Cherryvalley Gardens.
Kernaghan, Sam, 46 Salisbury Avenue. Kernohan, James, 87 Ravenhill Road. Kerr, Charles, Mount Carmel, Bloomfield.
Kerr, Mary, do. Kerr, Michael, do. Kerr, Therésa, do.
Knowles, Gladys, Cloreen, Oldpark Road. Kyle, Margaret, 60 Fitzroy Avenue.
Lee, Elsie 8., 2 Rossmore Avenue.
Lepper, Frank, Marlborough College, Wilts. Loewenthal, Joan, Lennoxvale.
Loewenthal, Peggy, do.
Loughridge, William, 173 Cliftonville Road. Lowson, Audrey, 4 Wilmont Terrace.
Lyttle, Annie, 439 Springfield Road.
Macdonald, Angus, 94 Antrim Road. Macdonald, Ranald, do.
May, Ernest Langton, Wesley College, Dublin. Maxwell, Katharine, 7 Sandown Park. M‘Kinley, Muriel, Saintfield Road, Lisburn. Megaw. Rigaaean Brekagh, Malone Road. M‘Kee, Phyllis, 27 Deramore Avenue. M‘Keown, Lois, Marlands, Dunmurry.
Murray, H. ‘Nichol, 3 St. Jude’s Avenue.
M‘Williams, John, 119 Cavehill Road.
Nagle, Dermot, 4 Riverview Street, Stranmillis. Napier, John, 38 Wellington Park.
Napier, Joseph, do.
Nicholson, ‘Eileen, 12 Nevis Avenue, Strandtown. Nodder, Charles D., Lambeg, Lisburn,
B.N.F.C.
1929-30.]
95
Orr, Bessie, 33 Ardenlee Road. Orr, Brian, do.
Patrick, Jean, 12 The Glen, Limestone Road. Peden, W. J., 27 Ashgrove Park.
Porter, Bessie, 26 Clara Park.
Pratt, E, M. (Miss), Denmoy, Ballylesson.
Quan, John, 12 Landscape Terrace. — Quinn, Thomas, Birches Cottage, Downshire Road
Reilly, Alexander, 9 Marsden Gardens. Reilly, Grier, 16 Salisbury Gardens.
Searle, Beatrice, Rusheen, Glenburn Park. Searle, David, do.
Shaw, Jack, 42 Eglinton Street.
Shaw, Jack, 42 Eglinton Street.
Shipp, Joan, 4 Breda Park, Saintfield.
Shott, Gladys, Merton, Knockbreda Road. Smith, Margaret, 4 Knockdene Park.
Smith, Marjorie, The Limes, St. James’s Park. Smith, William, 6 The Glen, Limestone Road. Stendall, Nora, 105 Haypark Avenue.
Steven, Alistair, 60 Ulsterville Avenue.
Steven, Isobel, do. Steven, Nancy, do. Steven, Robert, do. Stevenson, EK. F. (Miss), 9 Knockbreda Park.
Stoneley, Michael, 58 Ulsterville Avenue, Sweeney, Peggy, 183 Cliftonville Road.
Teuton, Thomas, 19 Ravenhill Park Gardens. Thompson, James, 5 Derryvolgie Avenue. Thompson, Molly, Dorrington, Newtownbreda.
Wade, Betty, Felsted, Marlborough Park South. Wilson, May, 50 Mountpottinger Road. Wright, Eileen, Inveresk, Connsbrook Avenue.
', Holywood.
tstye
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Bs Bi Fs eae 1889-90, containing Report of Larne Gravels Committee, 2 Plates He a ae Bee. ae |
, series IJ., Vol. III., Part IV., 1890-91
” 5 or V., 1891-92 ” ” ” sVale 1892-93 », Index aie an of ie aN Ae es genta » Series II., Vol. IV., Part I., 1893-94, containing Appendix XIIL. By 41 3 II., 1894-95 = < XIV... . 6 - III., 1895-96 ., aa XV. AA FA a6 IV., 1896-97 ... Are es ae = 5 es V., 1897-98 ~ ak 3 VI., 1898-99 “5 # i VIT., 1899-1900, “1900- 01, (in one) a Vol Parts I and IT., 1901-02, 1902-03 se ony i. 2 - BS a Part IIT., 1903-04 : bs vo ff e 2 TV. 1904-05. ... Uf & 36 V., 1905-06, with Appendices X ‘Xv, and xvii. 2]. rf i VI., 1906-07, with Index an . a - , Vol._VI., Part 1., 1907-08 oe! i < a TI., 1908-09... - oe Sy) a * ‘. M3 III., 1909-10... 8 wie ete ae é a IV., 1910-11, with Appendices I. & II. of — Vol. Il. Me aa an af * V1., 1912-13, with Title Page. and Index to — Vol. VI. PAL VoleVil., Part 1., 1918-J4, with Report of Soth Anniversary 2/- oe T]., 1914-15" 4 1/ ef TIT., 1915-16 ts a
”
TV, 1916sa ie
V., 1917-18, with Title Page and Index to Vol. VII., and a ae
of eo TLAwex ae
”
Vol. ViIL; Part .1., 1918-19 III., 1920-21 ae ns ace
TV ..):1921-23 ee,
V.. 1922-23 and Appendix IV. of Vol. 1.
Parts VI. and VIT., 1923-24 and 1924-25 (in one) Fe es = Parts VIIT.,
1X. and x 1924-25, 1925-26 and 1926-27 (in one)
ee ae
PROCEEDINGS
AND
ANNUAL REPORTS _
MG S E 1B) M 13 DEC 32
NATURAL HISTORY. |
PARTS SERIES If. Hil, FV. VOL. IX. 1930-31 1031-32.
FOR CONTENTS SEE INSIDE COVER.
PRINTED FOR MEMBERS ONLY. PRICE OF EXTRA COPIES TO MEMBERS 32/-.
CONTENTS.
SS ee ee
List of Officers, 1950-31
Excursions :—Bessbrook and Sint: antec: Rorpckethis ana the Sallagh Braes, Marino, Downhill and Magilligan, ‘Comber Estuary, Chester and district, Cookstown district, Dunluce and White Rocks Caves, Portaferry and Ards Peninsula, Magheramorne, Montalto ae ven
Conversazione
Papers :—
“Some Random Thoughts on ea ign and Science’ Captain C. D. Chase, M.C., M.A ‘Life and the Universe ’ RR. Licya Pater D. Se., BIBS WR Aesth ou ‘“ The bpisin of the Irish Radite and Flora * Spedioasal J. Kaye Charlesworth, D.Se., M.R.I.A., F.G.S. ‘The Ogham Inscriptions ’’-—M. A, O'Bsien, M.A., Ph.D. “* Folk-Lore ’’—E. J. M‘Kean, K.C. “Pleistocene Cave Animals and their Present Relatives ”? —Dr. J. Wilfrid Jackson, F.G.S. Talks and Slides Annual Meeting
Club Medallists... Report of Delegate to Conference of Corresponding Societies
of the British Association
List of Officers, 1931-32
Excursions :—Benevenagh, Cave Hill, Templepatrick and Donegore, Greencastle (Co. Tyrone), Dublin, Sligo and district, Collin Glen, Armagh City and district, ee Mountstewart, Ballycastle and Bonamarghy
Conversazione Papers :—
“(The Sun and the Naturalist ’’--C. E. Kerr, B.A.
‘The Bronze-Copper Transition Period ’ ps, s. selivsr99: M.A., FR.8.A.1. a,
A Sketch of the Geology oe North- West Pyranse _ J. J. Hartley
‘The Grouping of Plants in entlsas Nad WwW. ip Sayers, B.A. i
“Common British B acbies meaty J C. Reilly, M. 1M. E. ‘The Meaning of Bird Song ”’—J. A. Benington, B.Sc. ...
‘The Life of Paleolithic Man ’’—Dr. J. Wilfrid Jackson, F.G.S. nes a
Annual Meeting
Club Medallists
List of Exchanging Aecishies
List of Members elected during year 1930 - List. of Members elected during year 1931 ...
PAGE
101 110 112 113
114 115 115
116
.. 114, 118
119 131
131
187
139 150
153 154 “155
156 157 158
159 161 174 175 178 179
PROCEEDINGS AND ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB
For the Year Ending 31st March, 1931 (SIXTY-EIGHTH YEAR).
SERIES 1. VOLUME IX.
PART IIL. 1930-31.
Ry
9)
‘3 aioe
EDITOR: W: M. CRAWFORD), F.z:s., F.z.s:
BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.
SIXTY-EIGHTH YEAR, 1930-31.
GENERAL COMMITTEE.
President: Capt. C. D. CHASE, .c., m.a. Vice-President: CHARLES E. KERR, B.a. Hon. Treasurer: A. H. DAVISON, F.r.s.A.1., 32 Wellington Place, Belfast. Hon. Librarian:
W. M. CRAWFORD, B.aA., F.5.S., F.Z.S., Orissa, Marlborough Park South, Belfast.
Hon. Recording Secretary:
J. A. 8S. STENDALL, M.R.1.4., M.B.0.u., Deva, Haypark Avenue, Belfast.
Hon. Secs. of Botanical Section: C. R. NODDER, m.4«. tev. W. R. MEGAW, B.aA., M.R.I.A. Hon, Secs. Geological Section: A. M‘I. CLELAND.
ROBERT BELL. Hon. Secs. Zoological Section:
Rk. J. WELCH, M.sc., M.R.1.A. Miss NORA FISHER.
Hon. Secretaries Archzological Section: Miss M. GAFFIKIN,. JOSEPH SKILLEN.
Hon. Secretary Junior Division: MRS. NODDER. Ordinary Members of Committee:
Retire 1931. Retire 1932. A. ALBERT CAMPBELL, F.r.s.a.1. D. J. CARPENTER, a.n.c.sc.L. G. C. REILLY, M.1.M.&. E. N. CARROTHERS. Pease) UMPPER,- M.A., L.1.M., J. R. H. GREEVES, sB.sc.
F.R.HIST.SOC. Retire 1933.
Miss W. J. SAYERS, B.a. PROFESSOR CHARLESWORTH. JAMES ORR, m.B.0.v.
Honorary Secretary: JOSEPH SKILLEN, 25 Stranmillis Gardens,
f BRITISH t : MUSEUM
135 DEC 32
NATURAL HISTORY.
{ol
PROCEEDINGS.
O——_ —_ SUMMER SESSION. O BESSBROOK AND DISTRICT. Date—24th May, 1930. Conductor—D. J. Carpenter. Number present, 52.
Starting from College Square soon after 9 a.m. the party went to Newry, where Miss Barcroft and Mr. John S. W. Richardson took on the duties of conductorship.
After seeing the Clontygora Dolmen the members visited the Pillar Stone of Kilnasaggart in the Moyry Pass. Its inscriptions in Ogham and Latin say it- was erected by one Ernian. A short walk brought the party to Moyry Castle, built in 1601 by Lord Mountjoy to defend the pass, then known as the ‘‘ Gate of Ulster.’’ After lunching here the Motte and Bailey of Rosskeag was viewed, and in this neighbourhood Nepeta glechoma (ground ivy), Lamium album (white dead nettle), and Cotyledon wmbilicus (pennywort or navelwort) were found in abundance, as well as the less common Chelidonium majus (great celandine), Veronica hederefolia (ivy-leaved speedwell), and Asplenium adiantum-nigrum (black spleenwort).
The next stop was made at the Lislea granite quarry, where fine specimens of the junction of a diorite dyke with the granite were obtaimed. Leaving Lislea and passing Camlough Lake and village, the party arrived at Bessbrook, Where they were the guests of Mrs. Williams, The Woodhouse.
After tea ten new junior members were elected; and, on the proposal of Mr. Carpenter, seconded by Mr. Lepper, a vote of thanks was passed to Mrs. Williams, Miss Barcroft, Mr. John 8. W. Richardson, and the ladies who presided at the tables. <A visit to the beautiful rock garden at The Woodhouse and to Derramore Old House concluded the sight- seeing. One of the features of the fine sunny day was the beautiful scenery of the granite country. The views, made magnificent by the massiveness of Slieve Gullion, the sharp conical outline of Sturgan and the curious rugged ridges of Dromintee, were greatly admired.
[Proc. B.N..C. 102
NENDRUM.
Date—7th June, 1930. Conductors—Mrs. C. R. Nodder and Major C. Blakiston Houston, M.P. Number present, 80.
The club held a half-day excursion to the ruins of Nendrum monastery on Mahee Island, Strangford Lough. Travelling in two “buses and several private cars, the party numbered about eighty.
Major Blakiston-Houston gave a general discourse on the known and the conjectured history of the ruins and conducted the party over the sites.
Tea was provided at the Nendrum Teahouse.
Junior members who attended the excursion were provided with sketch maps of the ruins with explanatory and historical notes.
KNOCKDHU AND THE SALLAGH BRAKES.
Date—l4th June, 1930. Conductor—C. KR. Nodder. Number present, 24.
The party went by motor coach to Carncastle, leaving the Old Museum at 9-30 a.m. and taking the inland road to Larne. At Carncastle half an hour was spent in various ways; some members visited the old Churchyard, others chatted to the villagers and others botanised, finding the Ceterach fern on old walls. A further short distance in the motor coach brought us to Stewart’s farm, at the foot of Knockdhu. There we were joined by a large party (about 40) of the Route Naturalists’ Field Club, under the guidance of the Rev. E. M. Gumley.
The seven-chambered souterrain was then visited and lunch was taken.
The main party, led by Robert Bell, now proceeded southward, below the cliffs. Five or six different zeolites were found in the cavities in the basalt. A smatier party climbed the slopes of Knockdhu and found the Mountain Avens (Dryas octopetala) blooming freely in its well-known station. This party walked over the moor to Loch Dhu and then descended the cliffs and looked, without success, for Pyrola secunda. ' Arenaria verna was found in full flower on the basaltic rocks.
All met again near the south end of the Braes and picked up the motor-coach near Killyglen School. After taking tea at Murray’s Café, Ballygally, a visit was made to Ballygally Castle. Our thanks are due to Mrs. Moore, the present cccupier, for showing us over the castle, now in excellent condition.
1930-31.) 103
The botanists found many interesting plants in the garden, including a yew tree said to be three or four hundred years old.
MARINO. Date—Tuesday evening, 17th June, 1930. Conductor—R. J. Welch, M.Sc., M.R.I.A. Number present, about 45.
A large number turned up for this excursion, which was a joint one of both Senior and Junior Members. The main feature of the visit was to see the large areas of mussel-beds between tides, many of them very old and much distorted. The acid impure water at the head of the estuary has much eroded the bulk of the old shells, and small pearls are common in them. Some good specimens were found, though the majority were rather dark-coloured and not perfect in shape. A few other shells occur in the beds, mainly Cardium edule and Tapes pullastra and myriads of dead shells of Spisula subtruncata, evidently washed out of the estuarine clay deposits, as no living specimens have been taken in N.E. Ireland for over 380 years past. The Carboniferous and Permian outcrops on the shore nearby were also visited, and a number of specimens of the boring mollusk Pholas dug out. On the way back to tea at Holywood the ancient Church was visited and the fine cross- sculptured slab built into the south wall inspected.
DOWNHILL AND MAGILLIGAN.
Date—28th June, 1930. Conductors—S. D-. Glassey and
Joseph Skillen. Number present, 44.
The party travelled by the 9-15 train, and on arrival at Bellarena paid a visit to the ruins of the Church of Tamlaght-Ard. This church had been erected on part of the foundation of the monastery founded by St. Colombeille in the 6th century A.D. A section of the original foundation remains exposed. Members were shown the grave of rock hewn stones where St. Aidan, Bishop of Lindisfarne, is said to have been buried. St. Cadan or St. Catan is also said to have been buried here.
Members were interested in the simpler grave of Denis Hampson, the once famous blind harper of Magilligan, whose harp is preserved as an heirloom in the Bruce family. St. Aidan’s Well, on the roadside opposite the church, was also pointed out.
Leaving St. Aidan’s the party proceeded to Duncrun Mill, the site of an abbey founded by St. Patrick. A stone,
(Proc. B.N.F.G. 104
which formerly stood in the ruins, is now erected in the fence, facing what was the ancient burial ground. A cross in relief is carved on the stone showing two bars distinctly. It is said that there were three bars originally.
A flintworker’s settlement and factory site was visited. Portion of a granite erratic was noted; the original block weighed about two tons.